How to leave the plane after an emergency landing. Rules of conduct in emergency situations on the plane

According to analytical studies, a modern aircraft is the most comfortable, fastest and, most importantly, safe mode of transport. But despite the exposed facts, many passengers are afraid to fly, because in feature films terrible catastrophes are shown very colorfully. Of course, a technical malfunction can also occur in air transport, as a result of which an emergency landing of the aircraft will be made, because any, even the most modern airliner, is primarily a means of transportation, that is, technical development. However, if we analyze the statistics of disasters, it becomes clear: when traveling by car, a person gets into car accidents much more often. A selection of emergency aircraft landings on the Internet will help make sure that most often the experience and professionalism of pilots helps to safely land air transport and avoid casualties.

Each passenger of air transport should first of all understand that, getting on board an aircraft, he is required to strictly adhere to the instructions and rules of conduct, be sure to consider the recommendations and advice from the crew. It is these people who will control the flight and be responsible for its safety, and only they can come to the rescue in an emergency in order to save the life of everyone on board. Of course, emergency landings of passenger aircraft are not common, but if this situation does occur, the entire crew must remain calm in order to prevent panic and find the strength to smile for passengers to calm their anxiety. Therefore, all travelers should first of all respect the hard work of the crew of the aircraft and always listen to their advice.

Before take-off of air transport, passengers must:

• disable all mobile devices. According to experts, a working smartphone constantly receives and sends signals at a high frequency, which leads to a malfunction of navigation devices, and also creates interference on the wave, which is used by the dispatching service and pilots;
• each passenger must put the back of their seat in an upright position. If the backrest remains lowered, then in an emergency the passage of the passenger sitting behind will be blocked, and he will not be able to leave his seat;
• seat belts should be fastened, the folding table needs to be collected;
• it is recommended not to curtain the porthole;
• use of the entertainment system provided in the aircraft during take-off and landing of air transport is not permitted. If the passenger is wearing headphones, he may not hear the important message that the pilot will transmit for all passengers.

Safety measures in case of emergency

We figured out the basic rules, now we need to find out how to protect ourselves during an emergency landing? It should be noted that it is simply impossible to predict the occurrence of an accident, therefore, when landing air transport, you need to take some precautions that can save lives. So, with this event, which is most often announced by the captain of the air transport, you need to do the following:

1. Remove all pricking and cutting objects from the pockets of your clothes. Adults must ensure that such items do not remain in the clothing of young passengers.
2. The seat belt must be properly fastened, the passenger takes a safe position - after bending down, you need to grab your knees and bend your head as low as possible.
3. It is recommended to wear an oxygen mask, make sure that it is firmly fixed.
4. If a message is received from the crew that the emergency landing is carried out on the water, you need to put on a life jacket as soon as possible.
5. After the landing of air transport, passengers should take turns approaching the hatch for emergency exit, turn the knob and lifting the lid, open it.
6. A rescue rope is located next to the emergency hatch. The end of the rope must be thrown overboard.
7. Before leaving, you need to remove shoes, socks and stockings, after which passengers should put their feet out in the hatch and gradually move out.
8. After the fabric gutter is stretched, you need to take turns to sit on the inflatable ladder and without panic to move down. During the descent, you can not hold on to the edged edge of the ladder.

First of all, during an emergency landing, women and children, as well as passengers with disabilities, must be evacuated.

Given the additional advice that the experts provided, you can protect yourself and the passengers sitting next to you:

• after an emergency landing, the current situation should be assessed. If you notice that the crew continues to operate the airliner, in no case should you get out of your seat and unfasten your seat belts. It is necessary to wait for the message from the flight attendants, while being in the chair;
• if during landing there was damage to the hull, you should go as soon as possible to the place intended for emergency evacuation, without taking any things at the same time, whatever value they may have. Sometimes every second plays a role in such a situation, so you need to precisely set your own priorities - first of all, saving your life, and only after that - preserving your things;
• having risen from its place, you need to bend down as low as possible and in this position move towards the emergency exit. If flames are raging inside the cabin, you should be guided by the light bulbs on the floor or when moving to the evacuation site, count the rows.

How to increase your chances of survival in the event of an emergency landing

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Training questions.

1. Description of the dangers that may arise in the railway and aviation transport. 2. Rules for the safe conduct of passengers when traveling by rail and air.

Goal.  At the end of the lesson, students must:

The main content of the lesson.

Today, railway transport remains the most common form of over-movement, as it is relatively cheap and relatively safe. Nevertheless, there is a danger, since at least a kilometer of stopping distance is required to stop a train rushing at high speed.

Give examples of railway accidents and disasters.

Dangerous areas are also railway tracks, level crossings, train stations, landing platforms. Ask students to list the dangers that people may experience in these places. Formulate with them the causes of the dangers.

Explain to students how to conveniently and safely place luggage in the wagon.

Invite students to navigate in the following situation:

Imagine that you are late for boarding and do not have time to approach your car. What will you do?

Having discussed this issue with students, develop the basic rules for safe conduct when using rail.

Pay attention to how students should behave if a train crashes?

O try to get out through the window in your compartment; o do not think about luggage - life is more expensive; o do not go far from the scene of the accident; Having got out of the danger zone, try to be close to adults; o Do not jump out of a moving train unless there is a direct danger to life. It is necessary to jump in the direction of travel from that side of the car, where there are no poles, and try to land on legs joined together, then use the rifles and somersaults to suppress the fall speed; if possible, you must first put on as much clothing as possible, protect your head.

What to do in case of fire in the train? Find the answer to this question using scheme 12.

Ask the students a question: did they have to fly on airplanes? Ask to tell about your impressions.

Modern aircraft are known to be reliable and guarantee a safe flight. However, there are no completely safe mechanisms and machines yet, and the more complicated they are, the greater the probability of breakdown or accident.

Give examples of air crashes.

Then tell us how passengers should behave in the cabin?

Invite students to discuss some critical situations and decide together how best to get out of them.

In case of fire in the train, do not

O save baggage if fire threatens your life and health; o jump out of the carriage of a moving train and climb onto the roofs of cars; o sow panic.

Situation 1.  In an emergency landing, your task is to take a safe position: bend your body, tilt your head as low as possible, and cover it with your hands, rest your feet on the back of the front seat. Remove from yourself all sharp, stitching, as well as bulky and heavy objects that can cause injury. Wear outer clothing whenever possible. After an emergency landing, do not panic, follow all the crew commands of the aircraft, help those who are injured or in a helpless state. It is only necessary to leave the plane through emergency exits. After this, you need to retreat to a safe distance, as the explosion of an airplane is not excluded. Your actions should be clear, conscious, quick - because your life and other people depend on it.

Situation 2. When depressurizing an airplane during a flight, you only have a few seconds to put on an oxygen mask, which is located in the back of the front seat or above your head.

Situation 3.  In the event of a fire on an airplane, follow crew instructions. After landing, the most important thing is to leave the plane faster. To do this, head to the nearest emergency exit. You need to get to it on all fours and crouch as low as possible, since there is less smoke below. Do not bring carry-on baggage with you, be decisive and disciplined.

Situation 4.When landing on water, a life jacket should be worn, but inflated only slightly so that it does not interfere with evacuation from the aircraft.

Conclusion Repeat the main points of the lesson and check how the topic is understood.

Test questions.

What safety measures should a passenger of a train or train know? What to do in case of train crash and fire? Tell us about the safety rules for air transport. What accidents happen during an airplane flight? How to act during emergency situations on an airplane? How to take a safe position during an emergency landing?

Homework.  Section 1. Chapter 4. Themes 4.3 and 4.5. Tasks 23 and 24.

Life-course planning OBZH in grade 5

Lesson 14. Rail and air transport

In other cases, in the event of an emergency in flight, the crew may decide to make an emergency landing. When preparing it, you need to immediately clear the aisles and take seats in your chairs, the backs of which should be brought into an upright position. In addition, it is necessary to remove glasses, dentures, remove sharp objects (pens, knives, lighters) from inside pockets, remove high-heeled shoes, loosen a tie and unfasten the collar. After that, put soft things on your knees to protect your head and body, fasten and tighten the seat belts tightly. At the command of the flight attendant"Attention landing!" you should lean forward, cover your head with soft things and put it on your hands, with which to hug your knees. You need to stay in this position until the aircraft stops completely.

After the airplane stops, unfasten your seat belts and prepare for the evacuation. For emergency departure of the aircraft by passengers and crew, all the main and emergency doors, as well as emergency exits, usually located on the left and right sides of the fuselage, are used. Exits for passengers, approaches to them and means of openingmarkedly marked ,   facilitating their detection. All labels are illuminated from the inside regardless of the main lighting system. The device of emergency hatches and their locks with handles is made simple, noticeable and does not require much effort to open. Instructions for opening them are printed on the doors (hatches). In the locations of emergency exits to the wing, the aisles between the seats are wider than everywhere and do not interfere with the opening of hatches and the exit of passengers.

Leaving the plane through the exit with the ramp released and inflated, one must, without stopping, jump on it, and not sit on the edge, and then move down. Only by jumping is an increase in the speed of evacuation achieved.

Try to wear a coat or jacket made of fireproof and flame retardantmaterials;

Think about what shoes to wear; Avoid high-heeled shoes, but if you put them on, and when evacuating you have to use an inflatable rescue ladder, remove them when you leave the plane;

Each take-off and landing, make sure that the seat belt is tightly tightened at your hips;

Know where the exits are located on the plane and how they open.

With decompression, i.e. rarefaction of air in the cabin as a result of depressurization, the latter is filled with dust and fog. In this case, without waiting for a command, immediately put on an oxygen mask. Do not try to help anyone beforehow do you put on a mask ,   even if it is your child: if you do not have time to help yourself and lose consciousness, then both will be without oxygen. Immediately after putting on the mask, fasten your seat belts and prepare for a sharp decline.

In case of fire in an airplane  P remember that on board the greatest danger is smoke, not fire. Breathe only through cotton or wool items of clothing, possibly dampened with water. Making your way to the exit, move crouched or on all fours, as the smoke content is lower at the bottom of the cabin. Protect exposed areas of the body from direct exposure to fire using existing clothes, rugs, etc.

After landing and stopping the aircraft, immediately head to the nearest exit, as there is a high probability of an explosion. If the passage is littered, make your way through the chairs, lowering their backs. When evacuating, get rid of your hand luggage and avoid exiting through hatches near which there is open fire or heavy smoke. After leaving the plane, get as far away from it as possible and lie on the ground with your head in your hands - an explosion is possible.

Forced landing on waterrarely happens. Before sinking, the aircraft can be afloat for 10 to 40 minutes. However, if the fuselage is damaged, this time is much shorter.

With a splashdown, which is always unexpected, there is practically no time for preparation. In one case, the plane can touch the surface so smoothlythat is not clear landed he or splashed down, in another - can fall apart and quickly sink. Therefore, when splashed, it is necessary to act on the command of the crew commander or flight attendant (Scheme 61), i.e. put on a life jacket and inflate it, take with you or put on warm clothes and go to the exit indicated by the flight attendant to board the life raft.

After an emergency landing, liferafts descend. The time to bring the raft to working condition is approximately 1 min in the summer and 3 min in the winter. If the splashdown occurred in the cold season, you need to take more warm clothes to the raft. Do not forget about the supply of water and food. There is an emergency stock in the raft kit, which may not be enough if the voyage is long. The command of all passengers on the water takes over the crew commander of the aircraft.

Using oars and improvised items, you need to move away from the place of immersion of the aircraft. After that, straighten and drop a floating anchor overboard, which will reduce the speed of the raft drift in the wind and will keep those fleeing in the area of \u200b\u200bthe accident.
Video Linkhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v\u003d9s9uWipfN8I
Test 2

1) How to leave an airplane after an emergency landing through an exit with a gangway inflated and inflated:

a

b

in

2)

a

b

in

3)

a

b

in

4)

a

b

c) put on and inflate a life jacket, take a supply of food, go to a neighboring salon and wait for the help of a flight attendant.

5)

a

b

in

RULES OF BEHAVIOR AND ACTION OF PASSENGERS

IN ACCIDENT ON WATER TRANSPORT
B most major accidents and disasters on ships occur under the influence of hurricanes, storms, fogs, ice, as well as through the fault of people - captains, pilots and crew members.

The abandonment of a ship in an accident or shipwreck is carried out only at the direction of the captain. He gives such an order in the following cases:

There are clear signs of impending loss of ship;

The vessel remains afloat, but the spread of water through the vessel leads to its flooding, and the crew does not have sufficient funds to deal with water;

A shift of the load or icing of the ship occurs, which ultimately leads to its capsizing, and the crew does not have the means to combat the shift of the load or icing;

A fire spreads across the vessel, and the crew does not have the means to localize and eliminate it.

On large sea and river vessels, all actions associated with self-rescue are reduced to the most expeditious exit to the boat deck and the clear execution of crew commands organizing rescue operations.

All participants in the voyage need to wear the spare clothing at their disposal - cotton and wool, sweaters, waterproof, better waterproof outerwear, in the presence of a wetsuit and, of course, a life jacket. It is better to wear multi-layered clothing. Two thin sweaters are preferable to one. It is advisable to wrap the neck with a scarf, in extreme cases, with a towel or sleeve of a torn sweater, a torn leg, since it is stronger than other parts of the body and is subject to hypothermia in water. One or two tight-fitting woolen hats should be put on the head, put on and tighten the hood, and mittens or gloves on your hands. You should strive to protect places that are particularly susceptible to heat loss - the chest below the axilla, groin area,   neck, head. It is better to wear shoes that are spacious, with two or three woolen socks, but so as not to hamper the movement of the toes.

Each participant in the swimming should be able to handle an individual means of salvation. It is best to learn this in advance. It must be remembered that a properly worn life jacket may not only not help, but even accelerate the death of a person on the water.

The first, according to the old sea rule, are children, women, wounded, weakened people, who are switching to a collective means of salvation. They need to arrange insurance, for which one adult man can go down to the rescue tool.

The captain is the last to leave the vessel, having first personally verified that all crew members, passengers, as well as emergency equipment are in the rescue vehicle.

Before landing in inflatable rescue equipment (rafts, boats), it is necessary to tightly wrap the metal parts of the shoe — horseshoes, buckles, protruding nails that can damage the rubber sheathing — with a cloth. When landing in inflatable rafts and boats, it is advisable to avoid jumping. If it is impossible to do without a jump, you should try to fall on the inflatable elements - side cylinders, inflatable beams, banks and racks. In this case, it is desirable to come into contact with the casing with the largest possible body area in order to reduce the impact load on the inflatable structure. If a person lands on his feet, he can break through the bottom of a rescue boat or raft.

Leaving a sinking vessel can be carried out on lifeboats and inflatable rafts, transfer to the board of the approaching rescue vessel, evacuation of the rescue helicopter on board and jumping into the water.

Features of abandonment of the ship by diving. Before leaving the ship, crew members must remind passengers of the rules for diving and further behavior on the water. For a jump into the water, such places are selected to be carried away from the vessel by the current. If possible, it is better to go down to the water along the ladder. The lifejacket must be protected from damage.

When jumping into the water, press the chin to the chest, but do not bend your head forward strongly, so as not to hit the face with water, tighten the back of the head. Pull clothes with one hand, and close the nostrils and mouth with the other. Jump with your feet down, press your feet against each other, bend your legs slightly and strain. Take a deep breath before jumping. Once in the water, emerge with open eyes, avoiding getting under a vessel, boat or raft. Restoring your breath, turn to face the impending wave, then look around to see if you are in danger from the side of the ships nearby.

In the absence of rescue equipment,when in water, give a whistle or raise your hand. Move as little as possible to keep warm. Heat loss in water occurs several times faster than in air, so movements even in warm water should be reduced to only stay afloat. If you don’t have a life jacket, look for a floating object and grab it so that it’s easier to stay afloat until the lifeguards arrive. Rest lying on your back.

When on a lifeboattake pills for motion sickness. To save heat, be closer to other victims, do physical exercises. Let's drink only to the sick and wounded. If there is no reasonable hope of reaching a shore or embarking on a ship’s path, try to stay close to other boats near the place where the ship died.

Never drink seawater. Keep fluid in your body by reducing useless movements. To reduce sweating during the day, moisten clothes, and to lower the temperature inside the raft, moisten its outer shell with water. Drink no more than 500-600 ml of water per day, dividing them into numerous small doses with the largest evening. Eat only an emergency supply of food. Keep smoke bombs until the moment when there is a real possibility that the signal given by you will be noticed. Do not use checkers all together in the hope of finding yourself, entrust this to one person.
Video Linkhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v\u003dDc1NJncHR64
Test 1

1) On large sea and river vessels, all actions associated with self-rescue boil down to a quick exit to the boat deck and the clear implementation of crew commands. Indicate the correct actions of passengers when announcing a boat alarm:

a

b

in

a

b

in

3)

a

b

in

4)

a

b) arms and legs;

in

5)

a) 200-300 ml;

b) 500-600 ml;

in) 800-1000 ml.

RULES OF BEHAVIOR AND ACTION FOR PASSENGERS IN ACCIDENT IN RAILWAY TRANSPORT

ABOUT
the main causes of accidents and catastrophes in rail transport are malfunctions of the track, rolling stock, means of signaling, centralization and blocking, errors of dispatchers, carelessness and negligence of drivers. Most often, the rolling stock goes off the rails, collisions, collisions with obstacles at level crossings, fires and explosions directly in cars.

Everyone who sets out on a trip by rail needs to know that the safest places in the car arethese are compartment shelves located   in the direction of movement. In case of emergency braking or a collision of trains, you will only be pressed against the wall, while passengers from opposite shelves will fly to the floor. The last person after a complete stop is a person lying on the upper shelf in the direction of travel.

The greatest threat to passengers is the first and last train cars. The first is crushed and throws out of the way in a collision in the forehead. With the latter, the same thing happens in a rear collision, only on an even more catastrophic scale, since it, unlike the first ,   do not buffer the locomotive and the luggage car.

During the trip, observe the following rules:

When the train moves, do not open the outer doors, do not stand on the steps and do not protrude from the windows;

Carefully pack your luggage on the upper luggage racks and do not overload them with things or fasten so that during sudden braking you will not become a victim of your own suitcases or boxes;

Do not tear off the stop crane unless absolutely necessary; remember that even in case of fire it is impossible to stop the train on the bridge, in the tunnel and in other places where evacuation will be complicated;

Smoke only at designated places;

Do not carry flammable, chemical or explosive substances with you;

Do not include household appliances in the car’s electrical network;

If you smell burning rubber or smoke, contact the conductor immediately;

If there is a real threat, immediately leave the car through the vestibule doors and emergency exits; in extreme cases, knock out windowpanes with improvised objects (step ladders, hard diplomatic briefcases, tables and clothes shelves torn from nests);

Do not reach for the suitcases; throw them; your life is not worth the things in them.

When a crash or emergency braking takes hold, do not fall. To do this, grab the handrails and press against the wall or seat. It is safest to go down to the floor of the car. After the first strike, do not relax and keep all your muscles tense until it is finally clear that there will be no more movement.

In accidents involving collisions and emergency braking, most injuries are caused by falls from shelves. To avoid them or at least mitigate the blow, in addition to securing the luggage, it is necessary to remove unsafe bottles from the tables, glasses in cup holders with spoons sticking out of them like spoons, etc. To bend, especially on the shelves on which children sleep, mattresses from the outside or put a folded blanket or unnecessary clothes under them to form a protective roller, through which it is difficult to roll over. Completely, before fixing, close or open the compartment doors so that during an abrupt stop they do not cause injury to hands or heads that have fallen into the opening.

In case of a serious crash, you must immediately get out of the car (only when jumping, do not get under the oncoming train!) And provide assistance to the injured passengers. Carefully check if there are dropped current-carrying wires nearby: they can be deadly.

The fire in the train is terrible not by a flame, but, first of all, by the toxic products of combustion of synthetic finishing materials. Poisoning occurs in a matter of minutes, and with intense combustion - seconds. To avoid this, in a moving train, go to a neighboring carriage, preferably in the direction of movement, in a stopped train, onto the street, if possible from ,   where there are no railways. Do not scatter in all directions, as arriving rescuers will look for you near the canvas.

If the car is very smokey, cover your nose and mouth with a cloth dampened with water - a towel, pillowcase, sheet, a piece of torn clothing. In half-empty cars, you can move around on your knees, as there is less smoke below (near the floor).

There are situations when a moving train cannot be stopped. In such cases, it is necessary to act according to the scheme.

P
after an accident, quickly get out of the car through a door or windows — emergency exits (depending on the situation), since there is a high probability of a fire. Emergency exit from the cars are quickly opened windows in the 3rd and 6th compartment from the side of the transverse shelves. Break a compartment window only with heavy improvised objects. When leaving the car through the emergency exit, get to the other side of the railway, where there is more free space, taking documents, money, clothes or blankets with you. Once outside, immediately engage in rescue work: help passengers of other compartments break windows, pull out the injured, etc.

During an accident, fuel spills are possible. In this case, move away from the train to a safe distance, as there is a danger of fire and explosion. If the current-carrying wire is broken and touches the ground, move away from it by jumps or short steps to protect yourself from step voltage. The distance over which electric current spreads over the earth can be from 2 (dry) to 30 (wet) meters.
Video Linkhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v\u003dqPI3Lm9vJhI
Test 3

1) :

a) medium wagons;

b) the first and last carriage;

in) two penultimate cars.

2)

a

b

in

3)

a

b

in

g

4)

a

b

in

5)

a

b) windows in the toilets;

in

Control test

1) Which train cars pose the greatest threat to passengers in a collision:

a) medium wagons;

b) the first and last carriage;

in) two penultimate cars.

2)   In which cases it is impossible to break the stop crane and stop the train even in case of emergency, for example, in case of fire:

a) when the train travels at a speed of more than 50 km / h;

b) on the bridge, in the tunnel and other places where evacuation of people may take place;

in) within the sanitary zone of the settlement.

3) When driving in your train car there was a strong smell of burning and smoke. How you will act:

a) pull the handle of the stop crane;

b) inform the conductor, collect your things and transfer to another car;

in) inform the conductor, collect your things and wait for instructions in the compartment;

g) go to the neighboring compartment and will report to the passengers what happened.

4) The safest places in the train car are:

a) places at the windows in the corridor of the compartment carriage;

b) compartment shelves, located against the movement of the train;

in) compartment shelves located in the direction of train movement.

5) What are the emergency exits in the train carriage:

a) openable windows in the third and sixth compartment from the side of the transverse shelves;

b) windows in the toilets;

in) transitions through vestibules to neighboring cars.

6) How do you need to leave the plane after an emergency landing through the exit with the gangway inflated and inflated:

a) without stopping, jump onto the gangway and move down;

b) without stopping, sit on the edge of the ladder and move down;

in) before the ladder, stop, sit on it and move down.

7) In case of emergency landing, it is necessary:

a) fold your arms on your stomach, bend and tighten your legs;

b) put on a life jacket, put your hands against the back of the front seat, and hold your head between your knees;

in) bend, tilt your head as low as possible and cover it with your hands, rest your feet on the back of the front seat.

8)   You are flying in an airplane. The flight attendant reported sunbathing on board and representing an emergency landing. Your actions after an emergency landing, provided that the cabin is smoky, fire is visible in some places, the passage to the evacuation exit is not blocked:

a) immediately put on an oxygen mask, protect your body from burns and wait for rescuers;

b) protect yourself from burns by covering open areas of the body, bend down and crawl to the exit on all fours, covering your mouth and nose with a handkerchief or items of clothing moistened with liquid; Once overboard, quickly move away from the plane;

in) ask the flight attendant to bring a bottle of mineral water, along the back of the seats you will make your way to the exit, dousing yourself with water on the go, being overboard, you will stand near the plane in case you need your help.

9) The plane made an emergency landing on the water. You need:

a) put on a life jacket and inflate it, take it with you or put on warm clothes, go to the exit for boarding the life raft;

b) take a life jacket and warm clothes, go to the exit, go down to the life raft, put on warm clothes and a life jacket;

in) put on and inflate a life jacket, take a stock of food, go to a nearby salon and wait for the help of a flight attendant.

10) If there is a leak in the cabin, you must:

a) fasten your seat belt and cover your head with your hands, lean forward;

b) immediately put on an oxygen mask, fasten your seat belt and get ready for a quick decline;

in) fasten your seat belt, help fasten your neighbors, put on an oxygen mask.

11) On large sea and river vessels, all actions associated with self-rescue boil down to a quick exit to the boat deck and the clear implementation of the crew commands. Indicate the correct actions of passengers when announcing a boat alarm:

a) put on as many clothes as possible, take documents and a life jacket, quickly go to the boat deck, prepare for boarding rescue equipment;

b) put on a life jacket, go to the boat deck, board the lifeboat and wait for it to be launched;

in) go down to your cabin, put on a life jacket and wait for the emergency crew to arrive.

a) so as not to damage yourself;

b) so as not to damage another passenger;

in) so as not to damage the rubber casing of the rescue equipment.

13)   From the answers given, choose the one that, in your opinion, reflects the correct actions of the passenger when leaving a sinking vessel with a jump in water:

a) cover your face with both hands, jump into the water with your feet pressed down against each other, quickly sail away from the vessel;

b) to breathe and hold your breath, hold your mouth with your hand, jump into the water with slightly bent legs, splash down, sail away from the vessel;

in) examine the place of splashdown, breathe and hold your breath, hold your mouth with your hand and nose, pull the lifejacket down with your other hand, jump into the water with your feet down, slightly bending them, splashing down, quickly sail away from the vessel.

14) What parts of the human body are particularly susceptible to heat loss when in water:

a) chest below axillary hollows, groin, neck and head;

b) arms and legs;

in) fingers and toes, feet, scalp.

15) When in a lifeboat, use water per day no more than:

a) 200-300 ml;

b) 500-600 ml;

Aircraft accidents and catastrophes are possible for many reasons and lead to dire consequences. Accidents during take-off and landing are those where there is hope for salvation, since they usually occur when the plane is still on the ground or not high above it, and its speed is relatively low. Moreover, they usually occur in the area of \u200b\u200bthe airport, where there are rescue teams and the necessary equipment.

Unlike a car, an airplane, flying into a stationary structure or some kind of vehicle, usually does not stop, but rushes on. Therefore, passengers are not exposed to sharp impacts. An exception to this may be when a plane collides with a mountain. In this case, the chances of saving the scanty.

In other cases, in the event of an emergency in flight, the crew may decide to make an emergency landing. In its preparation (Figure 58), you must immediately clear the aisles and take seats in your seats, the backs of which should be brought into an upright position. In addition, it is necessary to remove glasses, dentures, remove sharp objects (pens, knives, lighters) from inside pockets, remove high-heeled shoes, loosen a tie and unfasten the collar. After that, put soft things on your knees to protect your head and body, fasten and tighten the seat belts tightly. At the command of the flight attendant "Attention landing!" you should lean forward, cover your head with soft things and put it on your hands, with which to hug your knees. You must remain in this position until the aircraft stops completely (Fig. 23).

After the airplane stops, unfasten your seat belts and prepare for the evacuation. For emergency departure of the aircraft by passengers and crew, all main and emergency doors, as well as emergency exits, usually located on the left and right sides of the fuselage, are used. Passenger exits, approaches to them and means of opening have marked markings that facilitate their detection. All labels are illuminated from the inside regardless of the main lighting system. The device of emergency hatches and their locks with handles is made simple, noticeable and does not require much effort to open. Instructions for opening them are printed on the doors (hatches). In the locations of emergency exits to the wing, the aisles between the seats are wider than everywhere and do not interfere with the opening of hatches and the exit of passengers.

When leaving your seat, do not bring luggage taken on board as carry-on baggage. This is dictated by security measures, as it is likely that some items in your bag have sharp corners and edges. This can cause damage and deflate the inflatable lifeboat, which in turn will lead to injuries, and possibly to the death of passengers waiting in line for evacuation.

Leaving the plane through the exit with the ramp released and inflated, one must, without stopping, jump on it, and not sit on the edge, and then move down. Only by jumping is an increase in the speed of evacuation achieved (Fig. 24, 25).

Try to put on a coat or jacket made of fireproof and hard to melt materials;

Think about what shoes to wear; Avoid high-heeled shoes, but if you put them on, and when evacuating you have to use an inflatable rescue ladder, remove them when you leave the plane;

Each take-off and landing, make sure that the seat belt is tightly tightened at your hips;

Know what fixed position you need to take during an emergency landing; watch what happens behind the plane; if everything indicates that an accident is inevitable, take the desired position;

Know where the exits are located on the plane and how they open.

With decompression, i.e. rarefaction of air in the cabin as a result of depressurization, the latter is filled with dust and fog. Visibility sharply decreases, air quickly leaves the lungs of a person, and it cannot be detained. At the same time, tinnitus and pain in the intestines may occur. Quick decompression usually begins with a deafening roar (air escapes). In this case (Scheme 59), without waiting for a command, immediately put on an oxygen mask. Do not try to help anyone before putting on the mask yourself, even if it is your child: if you do not have time to help yourself and lose consciousness, then both will be without oxygen. Immediately after putting on the mask, fasten your seat belts and prepare for a sharp decline.

In case of fire in an airplane

(Diagram 60) Remember that on board the greatest danger is smoke, not fire. Breathe only through cotton or wool items of clothing, possibly dampened with water. Making your way to the exit, move crouched or on all fours, as the smoke content is lower at the bottom of the cabin. Protect exposed areas of the body from direct fire exposure using existing clothing, rugs, etc.

After landing and stopping the aircraft, immediately head to the nearest exit, as there is a high probability of an explosion. If the passage is littered, make your way through the chairs, lowering their backs. When evacuating, get rid of your hand luggage and avoid exiting through hatches near which there is open fire or heavy smoke. After leaving the plane, get as far away from it as possible and lie on the ground with your head in your hands - an explosion is possible.

Forced landing on waterrarely happens. Before sinking, the aircraft can be afloat for 10 to 40 minutes. However, if the fuselage is damaged, this time is much shorter.

Aircraft in which the engines are located on the wings will be afloat in a horizontal position, and those with two or more engines on the tail will float tail down.

With a splashdown, which is always unexpected, there is practically no time for preparation. In one case, the plane can touch the surface so smoothly that it is unclear whether it landed or splashed, in the other - it can fall apart and quickly sink. Therefore, when splashed, it is necessary to act on the command of the crew commander or flight attendant (Scheme 61), i.e. put on a life jacket and inflate it, take with you or put on warm clothes and go to the exit indicated by the flight attendant to board the life raft.

After an emergency landing, liferafts descend. The time to bring the raft to working condition is approximately 1 min in the summer and 3 min in the winter. If the splashdown occurred in the cold season, you need to take more warm clothes to the raft. Do not forget about the supply of water and food. There is an emergency stock in the raft kit, which may not be enough if the voyage is long. The command of all passengers on the water takes over the crew commander of the aircraft.

Using oars and improvised items, you need to move away from the place where the plane was diving. After that, straighten and drop a floating anchor overboard, which will reduce the speed of the raft drift in the wind and will keep those fleeing in the accident area.

Test your knowledge by checking your answers to the tests with the answers given at the end of the tutorial.

36. How to leave the plane after an emergency landing through the exit with the gangway inflated and inflated:

a) without stopping, jump onto the ladder and move down;

b) without stopping, sit on the edge of the ladder and move down;

c) before the ladder, stop, sit on it and move down. |

37. In case of emergency landing, it is necessary:

a) fold your arms on your stomach, bend and tighten your legs;

b) put on a life jacket, put your hands against the back of the front seat, and hold your head between your knees;

c) bend, tilt the head as low as possible and cover it with your hands, rest your feet on the back of the front seat.

38. You are flying in an airplane. The flight attendant reported sunbathing on board and the upcoming emergency landing. Your actions after an emergency landing, provided that the cabin is smoky, fire is visible in some places, the passage to the evacuation exit is not blocked:

a) immediately put on an oxygen mask, protect your body from burns and wait for rescuers;

b) protect yourself from burns by covering open areas of the body, bend down and crawl to the exit on all fours, covering your mouth and nose with a handkerchief or items of clothing moistened with liquid; Once overboard, quickly move away from the plane;

c) ask the flight attendant to bring a bottle of mineral water, you will make your way to the exit along the back of the seats, pouring yourself water on the go, being overboard, stand near the plane in case you need your help.

39. The plane made an emergency landing on water. You need:

a) put on a life jacket and inflate it, take it with you or put on warm clothes, go to the exit for boarding the life raft;

b) take along a life jacket and warm clothes, go to the exit, go down to the life raft, put on warm clothes and a life jacket;

c) put on and inflate a life jacket, take a supply of food, go to a neighboring salon and wait for the help of a flight attendant.

40. In case of leakage in the cabin, it is necessary:

a) fasten your seat belt and, covering your head with your hands, lean forward;

b) immediately put on an oxygen mask, fasten your seat belt and get ready for a quick decline;

c) fasten your seat belt, help fasten your neighbors, wear an oxygen mask.

Aircraft accidents and catastrophes are possible for many reasons. The severe consequences are caused by the destruction of individual aircraft structures, engine failure, disruption of control systems, power supply, communications, piloting, lack of fuel, and interruptions in the life support of the crew and passengers.

HOW TO ACCEPT DECOMPRESSION
  DECOMPRESSION- this is the discharge of air in the cabin when its integrity is violated. Quick decompression usually begins with a deafening roar (air escapes). The interior is filled with dust and fog. Visibility drops dramatically. Air quickly leaves the lungs of a person and cannot be held up. At the same time, tinnitus and pain in the intestines may occur.
  . In this case, without waiting for a command, immediately put on an oxygen mask.
. Do not try to help anyone before putting on the mask,  even if it is your child: if you do not have time to help yourself and lose consciousness, both of you will find yourself without oxygen.
. Fasten your seat belt immediately after putting on your mask.and get ready for a sharp decline.

HOW TO ACT WITH A "RIGID" LANDING AND AFTER IT
  . Before each take-off and landing, carefully adjust the seat belt. It should be tightly fastened as low as possible at your hips.
  . Check if you have heavy suitcases above your head.
  . Accidents on takeoff and landing are sudden, so pay attention to smoke, a sharp decrease, engine shutdown, etc.
  . Lean forward in a chair, grab your head with both hands.
  . Quickly take off all sharp objects, jewelry, watches, and push the children to yourself.
  . Follow all the instructions of the commander of the ship and crew.
  . Lay your head on your knees or tilt it as low as possible. Put your legs on the floor, pushing them as far as possible, but not under the front seat.
. Strain as much as possible at the moment of impact and prepare for a significant overload. Under no circumstances should you leave your seat until the aircraft stops completely, do not raise panic, stop the occurrence of panic in the cabin and any misalignment of the aircraft in any way.
  . If possible, prepare a respiratory protection device (in case of fire or smoke). To do this, moisten a dense fabric with any non-combustible liquid and fold it in several layers.
  . After stopping the movement of the aircraft, immediately following the sequence, leave it using emergency hatches (the rules for use are shown on them) and inflatable ramps.
  . Helping the wounded and children, get as far away from the plane as possible and lay down on the ground, covering your head with your hands so as not to suffer from fragments from a fuel explosion.
  . Give first aid to the wounded.
  . In a deserted area, with the help of other passengers, co-operate canopies for children and the wounded from improvised materials.
  . Find a source of water and send a few people for help.
  . Wait for rescuers near the scene of the accident, as it is easier to find than an individual.
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