What position should be taken during an emergency landing. Rules of conduct in emergency situations on the plane

They do not happen very often. The chances of survival in this case are highly dependent on the cause that caused it. If the actions of the crew are coordinated and clearly follow what they were trained, then the chances are sharply increased. Much depends on you. It will be too late to panic and cry. It is necessary to follow the instructions of the crew and try to stay calm.

In 1974, the American airline Pan American was unable to board at Pago Pago Airport, in Samoa, due to bad weather conditions. The plane crashed in the jungle and a fire started on board. Only 5 people were able to survive. They followed the instructions of the flight attendants, and therefore remained alive. This emphasizes the importance of knowing one’s actions during an emergency landing.

The simplest thing is to listen carefully before flying.that is being told. Passengers usually engage in extraneous matters when they show how to use oxygen masks and life jackets. It is not right. In the event of an emergency landing on water or land, this information can save your life.

Be sure to read the instructions that put in each pocket of the passenger seat.  It does not take much time, but it helps to understand how to behave in the event of a disaster.

Statistics prove that those passengers who choose large planes have more chances to survivenot small. You must admit that it’s better to fly on than on an old maize.

Information that flight attendants tell before flying can save your life!

Choosing a place inside the cabin also affects your chances of survival. If the plane crashes, then, in most cases, the front compartment is destroyed first, and then the rear. This can happen with the tail and the wing. The most important thing is that your chair is 5 rows from emergency exit. Then you can quickly get out of the cabin if the plane made an emergency landing.

80% of all accidents occur in the first three minutes after take-off and the last 8 minutes before landing.  During these periods, you must fasten your seat belt and stay awake. If you like to take off your shoes during the flight, be sure to put it back on.

Now consider what needs to be done when depressurizing the cabin / fire on board / landing on water or on the ground.

Decompression

The first thing you hear when depressurizing the cab, it's a deafening roar. Unsecured things will begin to fly around the cabin. Everything will be like in a fog. You will feel pain and tinnitus. Can get a stomach ache.

Wear an oxygen mask immediatelywhich will automatically fall on top. Even if it seems selfish to you, but first you need to dress her, and then help them dress their loved ones, even children. Lack of oxygen is very dangerous.  You can very quickly lose consciousness. Therefore, it is better to take care of yourself, and then help others.

Depressurization is very dangerous, as it causes a lack of oxygen.

Your second action should be seat belt fastening. The crew will steer the distressed plane at. If the disaster is very serious, then it will simply fall. In order not to fall out of the chair, you need to fasten the belt.

In case of fire in the passenger compartment

Almost every fifth plane crash is accompanied by a fire on board. If this happens, then take off synthetic clothes  (tights, etc.). It melts easily. Things from materials that do not burn well should be worn on the contrary.

Throw a blanket or blanket on topif they are at hand. It is recommended to protect the respiratory tract with a damp cloth moistened with some kind of liquid. Walking around the cabin is better on all fours..

Crawl through objects scattered across the floor or through chairs. If fire is visible behind the emergency hatch or smoke is flying, do not open them. Do not lose hope! AND try to get out of the plane. Help other people.

When landing on water or land

If you watch the video of emergency landing of passenger aircraft, you can see that it is panic and confusing actions destroy passengers.

Listen carefully to the crew instructions and follow them. Fasten your seat belts and lower your head to the level of your knees.  Cover it with palms or hands clasped from above. Place a plaid or bag under your stomach. Rest your knees in the back of the chair located in front.

Remove all metal objects from yourself. Otherwise, doctors will then have to pick them out of your body. Scarves or scarves are also better to remove. Clinging to something, they can strangle you.

In case of an emergency landing, the aircraft must remain in place until it stops.

All people will rush to the exits through which they entered. Take your time to follow them. In a crush, you can get serious injuries.

In case of emergency landing, try not to panic, but act according to the crew’s instructions.

The plane provides inflatable ramps along which passengers move down. There are also ropes with knots.

An inflatable ladder is two cylinders with a bottom stretched between them. One end is mounted inside the cabin, and the other rests on the ground. Do not hold on to the side cords when descending. It is better for women to remove high-heeled shoes so as not to spoil the ladder. When you get down, leave immediately, so as not to disturb other passengers.

When landing on water put on a life vest. He is under the chair, worn over his head. With special straps, it is securely attached.

There are special rafts in the cabin. They need to be launched and sit in them. To attract the attention of rescuers, you must use a whistle or a lantern.

Accident   - an event related to the operation of an aircraft that occurred while passengers or crew members were on board, resulting in damage or destruction of the aircraft and causing personal injury or bodily harm.

Depending on the scene, the accident is divided into:

1. Flight accident  - an event related to the crew performing a flight mission and entailing consequences of varying severity for people on board the aircraft (injury or death) or the aircraft itself (damage or destruction).

2. Ground incident  - an accident that occurred before or after the flight.

Depending on the   consequences of the incident  for passengers, crew and aircraft, flight and ground accidents are divided into the following:

1. Breakage- an accident, which was not followed by the death of crew members and passengers, leading to damage to the aircraft, the repair of which is possible and economically feasible.

2. Crash- an accident that did not entail the death of crew members and passengers, but led to the complete destruction or severe damage to the aircraft, as a result of which its restoration is technically and economically impossible and inexpedient.

3. Catastrophe- an accident that caused the death of crew members or passengers during the destruction or damage of an aircraft, as well as the death of people from injuries that occurred within 30 days from the date of the accident.

World statistics show that almost 50% of air crashes occur on the airfield. In other cases, disasters occur in the air at various heights, and a distressed aircraft causes the death of not only passengers and crew, but also people on earth.

Civil aviation crashes, which seem very frequent and dramatic compared to other traffic accidents, are characterized by small average losses. At the same time, in aviation accidents, the size of losses can reach 80-90% of the total number of people on board the aircraft.

Aircraft accidents and catastrophes are possible for many reasons and lead to dire consequences. During accidents during takeoff and landing of an airplane, there is hope for saving people, since accidents usually occur when the airplane is still on the ground or not high above it, and its speed is relatively low. Moreover, they usually occur in the area of \u200b\u200bthe airport, where there are rescue teams and the necessary equipment.

All causes of air transport accidents are divided into groups:

1. The human factor - errors of the crew or the dispatch service, poor health or fatigue of pilots. Recently, the reason has become urgent - blinding pilots from the ground with light pointers, flashlights.

2. Technical factor - failure, malfunction or breakdown of on-board equipment, poor fuel quality.

3. Poor weather conditions - fog, rain, cold snap, high humidity.

4. The terrorist act - seizure of a ship, explosion, sabotage.

Rescue Equipment

This is a combination of funds in an aircraft designed to prevent injuries to passengers and crew and to ensure the possibility of emergency evacuation and rescue in the event of an emergency landing on land or water.

Emergency - rescue equipment consists of means for fixing people, emergency exits for passengers and crew, means for marking, external and internal emergency lighting systems, communication and warning systems for passengers, and auxiliary equipment for evacuating people to the ground.

Main and emergency exits

1. Main doors for entry and exit of passengers carry out on the port side of the aircraft, and with the number of passengers more than 250 people, exits can be located on both sides. The height of the door depends on the diameter of the fuselage and is equal to 1400-1830 mm. The width of the door should be at least 860 mm; on wide-body aircraft, to reduce entry and exit times, often the doors are made so wide that 2 people can enter them simultaneously. The threshold at the door is not allowed, the doorway below is limited by the plane of the floor. During the emergency exit of the aircraft, the main doors are counted in the number of emergency exits.

2. For emergency departure from the aircraft, emergency exits are made on both sides of the aircraft, 510x1100 mm in size, located on the port and starboard sides. The number of emergency exits depends on the number of passengers. The number and size of emergency exits must be such that when leaving the aircraft, with 50% of all exits open, including the main ones, evacuation was carried out in 90 seconds. It is established that if there are two main exits on the port side and two emergency exits on the port side, 120-160 passengers leave the plane in 30 seconds. On airplanes there are at least two emergency hatches for access to the wing. To ensure access to the aircraft when landing on the water, at least two upper emergency hatches are required to reach the top of the fuselage at the rate of 1 hatch for 35 passengers.

For emergency leaving the aircraft passengers and crew, all the main, service and emergency exits are used. Passenger exits, approaches to them and means of opening have marked markings that facilitate their detection. All labels are illuminated from the inside, regardless of the main lighting system. The devices of emergency hatches and their locks are simple, noticeable and do not require much effort to open. Instructions for opening them are printed on the doors (hatches).

Individual and group rescue equipment on board an aircraft.

When flying over the water area, emergency and rescue equipment is supplemented by individual and group rescue craft.

Individual rescue craft include:

• life jackets;
• buoyancy cushions;

Group rescue boats

• Inflatable rafts.
• Combined ladders-rafts: a combined auxiliary tool used both to facilitate the descent of passengers during evacuation from emergency exits after an emergency landing on the ground, and to maintain a group of passengers afloat after an emergency exit from an aircraft that made an emergency landing on water.
    The weight of one raft for 6 people complete with equipment and power for 3 days is 15 kg. Group rafts can accommodate from 6 to 25 people.

• Inflatable emergency gangway. Such a ladder is necessarily on board if the main and emergency exits are located high above the ground. Its mass, together with a cylinder of 40-45 kg. Place is reserved for him near the front door or emergency hatch.

Actions of passengers on board the aircraft during an accident and emergency

In the event of an emergency, the pilots try to avoid a catastrophe to the last, so it is strictly forbidden to panic, scream, get out of the chair and run around the cabin. This will only distract the crew, which will aggravate the already dangerous situation on board.

Passenger actions if the plane is in a turbulence zone.

Often during the flight, the aircraft can get into the air hole, resulting in jolting and strong vibration on board. This situation is called turbulence. You should fasten your seat belt and follow the instructions of the crew members exactly. Do not stand still - this may result in personal injury.

Passenger actions in case of accident during take-off and landing

1. To bring a back of a chair in vertical position.

2. Remove glasses, high-heeled shoes, loosen a tie, unfasten the collar, and remove sharp objects from pockets.

3. Put soft things on your knees, adjust the seat belt and fasten it.

4. Lean forward, lower the head down, put your hands against the back of the front seat of the chair (if there is none, put your hands around your knees and put your head on them).

5. Leaving the plane through the exit with the ramp released and inflated, you must, without stopping, jump on it, and not sit on the edge and then move down. Only by jumping is an increase in the speed of evacuation achieved. Before jumping to take off glasses, high-heeled shoes.

6. With decompression, i.e. air discharge  in the cabin as a result of depressurization, the plane is filled with dust and fog. Visibility sharply decreases, air quickly leaves the lungs of a person, and it cannot be detained. At the same time, tinnitus and pain in the intestines may occur.

Quick decompression usually begins with a deafening roar (air escapes). In this case, without waiting for a command, immediately put on an oxygen mask. Do not try to help anyone before putting on the mask yourself, even if it is your child: if you do not have time to help yourself and lose consciousness, then both will be without oxygen. Immediately after putting on the mask, fasten your seat belts and prepare for a sharp decline.

Actions of air passengers in case of fire

1. Listen and follow crew commands.

2. Protect exposed areas of the body from direct exposure to fire, using existing clothing, rugs, etc.

3. Bend down and crawl to the exit on all fours.

4. If the passage is blocked, move over the lowered backs of airplane seats.

5. Once outside the aircraft, move away from it as far as possible.

When evacuating, get rid of your hand luggage and avoid exiting through hatches near which there is open fire or heavy smoke.

Actions during emergency (emergency) landing of an aircraft on water

Forced landing of an aircraft on water is rare. Before sinking, the aircraft can be afloat for 10 to 40 minutes. However, if the fuselage is damaged, this time is much shorter. Aircraft in which the engines are located on the wings will be afloat in a horizontal position, and those with two or more engines on the tail will float tail down. In one case, the plane can touch the water surface very smoothly, in the other it can fall apart and quickly sink.

After an emergency landing, liferafts descend. The time to bring the raft to working condition is approximately 1 minute in the summer and 3 minutes in the winter.

When splashing, it is necessary to act clearly on the command of the crew commander or stewardess.

1. Be careful, before flying over a water surface, the flight attendant always provides instruction on the proper use of an inflatable life jacket.

2. During an accident, follow all crew instructions.

3. Wear warm clothing or take with you.

4. Take out and put on a life jacket with pockets forward.

5. It is prohibited to inflate a vest in the cabin. This will complicate the evacuation.

6. Take a seat on the liferaft.

7. Once in the water, pull the pin to automatically inflate the vest.

8. Using oars and improvised items, move away from the dive site. After that, it is necessary to straighten and drop a floating anchor overboard, which will reduce the speed of the raft drift in the wind and will keep the survivors in the area of \u200b\u200bthe accident.

9. It is advisable for all survivors to stick together, so they will find you faster, and you can keep warm longer.

In a sudden accident, the crew and flight attendants have little or no time to prepare passengers and the passenger cabin for an emergency (emergency) landing. Therefore, as soon as it became clear that the situation on the plane was in emergency and after a few seconds (minutes) an emergency (emergency) landing would occur, the PIC should instruct the passengers to take a pose for emergency landing in SSU. For instance, "Bend over and grab your knees with your hands! Use soft things to protect your head and body from bumps! Group! "

This is the minimum that can be done to prepare passengers for an impact at the time of landing in almost any situation.

In civil aviation, there are generally accepted safety measures, according to which, when taking off, landing, and when the plane passes through the turbulence zone, passengers must be fastened with seatbelts in their seats, while the seatbacks should be placed in an upright position, the table should be closed (fixed), and flight attendants should verify that passengers are in compliance with these safety measures, which is their responsibility. Therefore, if a sudden accident occurs during take-off, landing or when passing through the turbulence zone, the command to take a pose for an emergency landing will be an additional safety measure to those already accepted earlier and normal for each flight. After an emergency landing, the crew must act in accordance with the emergency schedule.

ACTIONS OF CREW AND FLIGHT ATTENDANTS IN ACCIDENT ON THE GROUND

The actions of the crew in case of an accident on the ground are regulated by the RLE of a particular aircraft (section "Actions in emergency situations"), but the general provisions for all aircraft are the same.

In the event of an emergency on board the aircraft that threatens the safety of passengers and crew, in the parking lot, taxiing, take-off before take-off, run after landing, when there is no time to carry out preparatory operations, crew members (including flight attendants) are required to take all measures to immediate evacuation of passengers, without waiting for the arrival of the ground rescue team, and take them to a distance of at least 100 m from the nearest part of the aircraft.

As soon as it is established that the situation on the aircraft is emergency (crew members must report to the PIC about the appearance of smoke, fire or other deviations from normal conditions), the PIC should immediately command the crew, including flight attendants, to act according to the emergency schedule for an emergency landing on land.

At the same time, the PIC must instruct the flight attendants to begin evacuating passengers from the aircraft (after the aircraft has stopped, if it was in motion at the time of the emergency).

In the event of an emergency in the parking lot (for example, a fire) when there is no PIC, immediately begin to evacuate passengers from the aircraft. As the situation permits, the PIC is obliged to directly manage the evacuation of passengers in accordance with the emergency schedule after an emergency landing on land. The duties of flight crew members and cabin crew are the same as for an emergency landing on land.

MINISTRY OF CIVIL AVIATION

INSTRUCTION
CREW OF AN-26 AIRCRAFT ON EVACUATION
PASSENGERS AFTER AN EMERGENCY LANDING
FOR DRY AND WATER

1. GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

1.1. The main task of the crew in the event of an emergency on board the aircraft is to ensure the safety of passengers during an emergency landing and the subsequent evacuation of passengers from the aircraft, and in a deserted area to create conditions for continued existence until external assistance is received.
  1.2. An emergency situation that threatens the safety of passengers and crew can suddenly occur at any stage of the flight, including taxiing, take-off, landing, and also in the parking lot.

2. PREPARATION OF PASSENGERS FOR EMERGENCY LANDING ON DRY AND WATER

In addition to the actions indicated in the RLE of the An-26 aircraft, do the following:
  2.1. The commander of the aircraft.
  2.1.1. After deciding on an emergency landing on land (water), instruct the flight operator to prepare passengers for an emergency landing.
  2.1.2. Before boarding, give the command to the flight operator: "Attention, boarding!"
  2.2. Flight operator.
  2.2.1. After receiving the instructions of the aircraft commander, inform passengers of the impending emergency landing and the procedure for evacuation from the aircraft through the door (hatches). Take measures to prevent panic among passengers.
  2.2.2. Information text for flight operator passengers:
  "Warning! The aircraft must make an emergency landing. You must comply with the following safety requirements:
  - remove glasses, dentures, remove pens, lighters and other sharp objects from pockets;
- remove shoes with high heels;
  - unfasten the collar, loosen the tie, as well as tight and tight clothes;
  - put on a life jacket and do not inflate it on the plane (when landing on water);
  - prepare soft things to protect your head from bumps during an emergency landing;
  - Check that the seat belts are fastened and tightened.
  At my command: "Attention, landing!" - you must:
  - lean forward, protect your head with soft things, put your head on your hands, with which to cross your knees;
  - remain in this position until the aircraft stops completely;
  - after stopping the plane, unfasten seatbelts and evacuate following the instructions of the crew.
  When evacuating from an airplane, you must:
  - keep calm and carry out all the commands given;
  - use only the output that will be indicated. "
  2.2.3. Select the required number of physically strong passengers from the calculation of two people for each emergency exit at the disposal of crew members and instruct them according to the rules for opening emergency exits.
  2.2.4. At the command of the aircraft commander: "Attention, landing!" - duplicate the command for passengers and verify that they comply with safety requirements (paragraph 2.2.2.).
  2.2.5. Do not allow passengers to attempt to open emergency exits in flight.
  2.2.6. Before embarking on water, prepare life rafts, emergency supplies and an emergency radio station at the front door for launching.
  2.3. Flight mechanic.
  At the command of the aircraft commander, secure the door from the cockpit in the open position to prevent it from jamming in the closed position during an emergency landing

3. CREW ACTIONS IN ACCIDENT ON LAND

3.1. In the event of an emergency during take-off, landing, taxiing, parking, when there is no time to complete all preparatory operations, the crew must immediately take all measures to evacuate passengers from the aircraft.
  3.2. As soon as it is established that the situation on the plane is emergency, the aircraft commander must immediately instruct the crew to act according to the emergency schedule after an emergency landing on land.

4. EVACUATION OF PASSENGERS

4.1. All preliminary preparation of passengers, their briefing and verification of safety measures must be completed by the time of emergency landing on land (water).
4.2. The actions of all crew members after the aircraft stops on land (on water) are based on an emergency schedule. The beginning of the emergency schedule is an airplane stop. A special team for emergency operations should not be expected.
  4.3. Each crew member must know by heart their responsibilities in emergency response activities.
  4.4. Urgent evacuation of passengers in accordance with the emergency schedule should be started immediately after an emergency landing, regardless of the consequences of landing (on water after opening emergency exits and preparing rafts, if available on board, to receive people).

5. EMERGENCY SCHEDULE AFTER EMERGENCY
Landing on the land

5.1. Aircraft commander:
  - manages the evacuation of passengers and crew through emergency exits;
  - leaves the aircraft last, making sure that all passengers and crew are evacuated;
  - takes all passengers and crew away from the aircraft to a distance of at least 100 m from the nearest part of the aircraft to a safe place of collection.
  5.2. Flight operator:
  - opens the front door located on the starboard side;
  - Helps passengers to evacuate through the front door, after which he leaves the plane.
  5.3. Second pilot:
  - helps the flight operator in the evacuation of passengers through the door. In case of jamming of the front door, evacuates passengers through emergency hatches at the direction of the aircraft commander;
  - when evacuating from an airplane, it takes with it an emergency radio station and emergency reserve;
  - after the evacuation of passengers, he leaves the aircraft himself and takes passengers at a distance of at least 100 m from the nearest part of the aircraft to a safe place of collection and provides first aid to those in need.
  5.4. Navigator:
  - opens the emergency hatch on the port side;
  - Helps passengers to evacuate from the plane through this emergency hatch, after which he leaves the plane.
  5.5. Bortmekhanik:
  - opens the upper emergency hatch in the cockpit and then the emergency hatch on the starboard side;
  - helps passengers to evacuate from the aircraft through the emergency hatch on the starboard side;
  - after the evacuation of passengers, he leaves the aircraft and takes passengers at least 100 m from the aircraft to a safe place of collection and provides first aid to those in need.

Note. After the ramp opens, crew members use the cargo hatch to evacuate passengers

6. EMERGENCY SCHEDULE AFTER EMERGENCY
LANDING ON WATER

6.1. Aircraft commander:
- with the help of crew members, evaluates the position of the aircraft on the water and the possibility of opening the front door and emergency hatches in order to prevent water from entering the aircraft;
  - gives the command: "Open emergency exits and bring rafts into working position on the water!";
  - manages the evacuation of passengers and crew in vests on water (on rafts);
  - after the evacuation of all passengers and crew members, he himself leaves the plane in a vest on the water (on the raft) and instructs to withdraw the raft (rafts) 50-100 m from the plane. If it is impossible to open the front door, the aircraft commander instructs to launch rafts into the water and evacuate passengers and crew from the aircraft through emergency hatches, the lower edge of which will be located above the waterline. In this case, the flight operator, co-pilot, navigator, and flight mechanic operate at the emergency hatches indicated by the aircraft commander, and launch life rafts and evacuate passengers through these exits.
  6.2. Flight operator:
  - opens the front door and leads, together with the co-pilot and the flight mechanic, into the working position, inflatable liferafts;
  - helps passengers with evacuation to water (on rafts).
  6.3. Second pilot:
  - through the upper emergency hatch in the cockpit assesses the position overboard;
  - together with the flight operator and flight engineer, launches life rafts and puts them into working position;
  - helps passengers and crew when landing on rafts;
  - leaves a place on the raft for himself and crew members and after landing all the passengers, he is evacuated to the raft himself and takes him 60-100 m from the plane.
  6.4. Navigator and flight engineer:
  - the flight engineer opens the upper emergency hatch in the cockpit;
  - helps the co-pilot and the flight operator to bring the rafts into working position on the water and to evacuate passengers to the rafts through the front door on the starboard side or through emergency hatches (navigator on the left side, flight engineer on the right side);
  - after landing all passengers on the rafts, they are evacuated to the rafts themselves and take them 50-100 m from the aircraft.
  In the event of a sudden emergency landing on water, the aircraft commander informs the crew and passengers about the need to take life jackets, put them on, but not inflate on the plane. After landing and stopping the aircraft on the water, the aircraft commander organizes the immediate launch of rafts into the water, bringing them into working position and evacuation of passengers and crew on rafts.
In the absence of flights, passengers and crew members are evacuated from the aircraft to the water in life jackets, which must be put into working position (inflated) when leaving the aircraft for water at the moment of passage of the entrance doorway.
  In an inflated vest in an airplane, access to emergency exits is difficult, passage through side emergency hatches is impossible, damage to the vest is possible before a person is launched into the water.

(Diagram 60) Remember that on board the greatest danger is smoke, not fire. Breathe only through cotton or wool items of clothing, possibly dampened with water. Making your way to the exit, move crouched or on all fours, as the smoke content is lower at the bottom of the cabin. Protect exposed areas of the body from direct fire exposure using existing clothing, rugs, etc.

After landing and stopping the aircraft, immediately head to the nearest exit, as there is a high probability of an explosion. If the passage is littered, make your way through the chairs, lowering their backs. When evacuating, get rid of your hand luggage and avoid exiting through hatches near which there is open fire or heavy smoke. After leaving the plane, get as far away from it as possible and lie on the ground with your head in your hands - an explosion is possible.

Forced landing on waterrarely happens. Before sinking, the aircraft can be afloat for 10 to 40 minutes. However, if the fuselage is damaged, this time is much shorter.

Aircraft in which the engines are located on the wings will be afloat in a horizontal position, and those with two or more engines on the tail will float tail down.

With a splashdown, which is always unexpected, there is practically no time for preparation. In one case, the plane can touch the surface so smoothly that it is unclear whether it landed or splashed, in the other - it can fall apart and quickly sink. Therefore, when splashed, it is necessary to act on the command of the crew commander or flight attendant (Scheme 61), i.e. put on a life jacket and inflate it, take with you or put on warm clothes and go to the exit indicated by the flight attendant to board the life raft.

After an emergency landing, liferafts descend. The time to bring the raft to working condition is approximately 1 min in the summer and 3 min in the winter. If the splashdown occurred in the cold season, you need to take more warm clothes to the raft. Do not forget about the supply of water and food. There is an emergency stock in the raft kit, which may not be enough if the voyage is long. The command of all passengers on the water takes over the crew commander of the aircraft.

Using oars and improvised items, you need to move away from the place of immersion of the aircraft. After that, straighten and drop a floating anchor overboard, which will reduce the speed of the raft drift in the wind and will keep those fleeing in the area of \u200b\u200bthe accident.

Test your knowledge by checking your answers to the tests with the answers given at the end of the tutorial.

36. How to leave the plane after an emergency landing through the exit with the gangway inflated and inflated:

a) without stopping, jump onto the ladder and move down;

b) without stopping, sit on the edge of the ladder and move down;

c) before the ladder, stop, sit on it and move down. |

37. In case of emergency landing, it is necessary:

a) fold your arms on your stomach, bend and tighten your legs;

b) put on a life jacket, put your hands against the back of the front seat, and hold your head between your knees;

c) bend, tilt the head as low as possible and cover it with your hands, rest your feet on the back of the front seat.

38. You are flying in an airplane. The flight attendant reported sunbathing on board and the upcoming emergency landing. Your actions after an emergency landing, provided that the cabin is smoky, fire is visible in some places, the passage to the evacuation exit is not blocked:

a) immediately put on an oxygen mask, protect your body from burns and wait for rescuers;

b) protect yourself from burns by covering open areas of the body, bend down and crawl to the exit on all fours, covering your mouth and nose with a handkerchief or items of clothing moistened with liquid; Once overboard, quickly move away from the plane;

c) ask the stewardess to bring a bottle of mineral water, you will make your way to the exit along the back of the seats, dousing yourself with water on the go, being overboard, you will stand near the plane in case you need your help.

39. The plane made an emergency landing on water. You need:

a) put on a life jacket and inflate it, take it with you or put on warm clothes, go to the exit for boarding the life raft;

b) take along a life jacket and warm clothes, go to the exit, go down to the life raft, put on warm clothes and a life jacket;

c) put on and inflate a life jacket, take a supply of food, go to a neighboring salon and wait for the help of a flight attendant.

40. In case of leakage in the cabin, it is necessary:

a) fasten your seat belt and, covering your head with your hands, lean forward;

b) immediately put on an oxygen mask, fasten your seat belt and get ready for a quick decline;

c) fasten your seat belt, help fasten your neighbors, wear an oxygen mask.