History of Greece briefly for children. History of Greece. Airfare low price calendar

The history of the development of ancient Greece. The era of ancient Greece begins its existence in the III millennium BC and extended before the 1st century BC. on south of the Balkan Peninsula and islands in western Asia Minor. By the end of the 7th century BC. Greek culture flourished as much as possible. The Greeks achieved great success in the fine arts, monumental construction, unraveling the mysteries of mathematics and medicine, and in the development of social ideas. They created a system of government in which all citizens had a voice in solving the most important issues.

But Ancient Greece was not a single state. The mainland and the islands were divided into many city-states surrounded by rural settlements. The most powerful city-state was Athens, which have become 5th century BC. center of Greek civilization. Athens had a well-trained army and the most powerful ancient navy in the world. Trieres, ships with 3 rows of oars on each side, made up the bulk of the Greek battle fleet.

Athens

Athens were the most prosperous city in Greece. A huge bronze statue of Athena the Defender towered at a height of 9 meters, and in the temple Erechtheion stood an ancient wooden statue. On the side of the temple was a huge altar. The main temple of Athena was called Parthenon . It was built in 447-438 BC. in sparkling white marble. The roof was covered with marble tiles. The frieze was decorated with battle scenes of centaurs - mythical creatures of half-humans, half-horses. The magnificent city owned silver mines and conducted international trade through the port in Piraeus . On the hill towered Acropolis(upper city), a sacred place with temples and shrines to the goddess Athena. Below lay a city with cobbled streets, splendid buildings, and a market place called agora, where public gatherings were held. Great Philosophers Socrates, Plato And Aristotle lived in Athens.
On holidays, crowded religious processions went through Athens. They entered the sacred land of the Acropolis through the marble gate - Propylaea.

People power

The city-states of Greece were called policies(from which the word policy). Around 510 B.C. e. policies got rid of the kings and preferred the management of a group of noble people ( oligarchies) or one influential politician ( Tirana). In 508 B.C. originated in Athens democracy, or People power. Under the new device, male citizens decided various issues by voting in assembly- People's Assembly. Women, foreigners and slaves could not take part in the voting.
In 443-429 BC. Athenians elected a major politician as ruler Pericles who started construction temple on the acropolis.

Culture and craft

first appeared in Greece Olympic Gamesin 776 BC. and later became part of the festivities in honor of the god Zeus. In a democratic society, a politician should have oratory. The first historical thinker by name appears Herodotus, in the near future they began to call him the "father of history." He plausibly and honestly knew how to describe all historical events. Greeks visited Delphic oracle, which, according to legend, could tell a lot of useful information about the future. Mount Olympus was considered the abode of the gods and was the most sacred place in the Greek religion.
Thessaly was famous for its horse breeding due to its beautiful and extensive pastures. The Greeks made their magnificent painted ceramics from special clay, which acquired a red color when fired. IN Lydia, and later in Athens they began to mint the first coins with the emblem of an owl of one of the goddesses. There were silver mines in Greece Lauria which were famous for their deposits of precious metals.
Greek women themselves wove most of the fabric for making linen and clothes for their home. They wore clothes Ionic And Doric style. During the harvest, the girls winnowed the grain, separating it from the chaff.

Greek architecture

The Greeks built grandiose temples that were built on a stepped platform. They were surrounded by a colonnade. Inside was a main hall with a statue of a god or goddess and a vault for temple treasures.
Outside, the temple was decorated with bas-reliefs and sculptures, traditionally painted in red and blue. At first, the temples were wooden, but from the 6th century AD. they began to be built of stone or marble and covered with tiles.
The Greeks built residential houses of simple brick and wood, with earthen floors. But for public buildings, especially temples, they did not spare either money or labor. Architects strove for harmony of proportions. The buildings usually had colonnades. There were two main styles - Doric, strict, with squat smooth columns, and more refined Ionic, with slender graceful columns. Public buildings were usually decorated with statues and wall paintings.

Science and knowledge

Knowledge of Ancient Greece. In the VI century BC. Greek scientists began to strive to understand the structure of the universe. They were called philosophers, that is, "lovers of wisdom." They studied the structure of the human body, solved mathematical problems and followed the movement of the planets. Alexander the Great's mentor Aristotle, for example, described hundreds of species of animals. The research of Greek scientists laid the foundation for modern biology, medicine, mathematics, astronomy and philosophy. Science of Ancient Greece was one of the most unique and original in the ancient world.

Olympic Games

Sports competitions were part of all major religious festivals in Greece. The Olympic Games in honor of Zeus were considered the main ones. They were held every 4 years and lasted 5 days. Many of the Olympic competitions, such as javelin throwing or wrestling, were related to the military training that every man needs. During the games, wars were interrupted so that participants from all over the country could come to Olympia. The winners of the games became celebrities.
The female sex was forbidden to watch and participate in the Olympic Games.

Theater

The first great dramatic works were created by the Greeks. Poets performed their songs at Dionysius - holidays in honor of the god Dionysus. Gradually, the songs became longer, the number of performers grew, and the songs turned into theatrical performances. There were 3 types of plays - tragedies, comedies and satires. The best play in each genre was awarded. Special buildings were built for theaters, without roofs. The actors were wearing masks, and all roles, even female ones, were performed by men.

Religion

Names of the gods of ancient Greece.
The Greeks had 12 main gods :
1) Zeus- the king of the gods, the thunderer. The eagle was considered his cult bird
2) Athena- the daughter of Zeus, was the goddess of wisdom and war, the patroness of Athens. The owl was her cult bird
3) Artemis- huntress, was the goddess of the moon, the patroness of women and children
4) Aphrodite- goddess of love and beauty
5) Demeter- the goddess of fertility and agriculture. During sowing, the Greeks held holidays in her honor
6) Poseidon- the god of the sea, the brother of Zeus and Pluto. With his trident, he could cause a storm
7) Hera- goddess, wife of Zeus, patroness of women
8) Hestia- Goddess of the hearth, Hera's sister
9) Apollo- god of the sun and music
10) Pluto- god of the underworld
11) Ares god, son of Zeus and Hera
12) Hermes- god, son of Zeus and one of his beloved, messenger of the gods

Sparta

Sparta dominated southern Greece Peloponnese. After the conquest messenia And Arcadia it became the most powerful state in Greece. The Spartans devoted themselves entirely to the war. All true Spartans had to be warriors, their training, which began at the age of 7, was extremely harsh.
Boys were subjected to corporal punishment in order to accustom them to pain and the ability to overcome fear in battle.
Girls were raised strong so that they would have healthy children in the future. All this helped Sparta win Peloponnesian Wars with Athens in 431-404 BC.
Spartans who did not show sufficient courage were ordered to shave off half of their beards. They were subjected to universal ridicule and humiliation.
Athens And Sparta were constant rivals and always at enmity.

Greco-Persian Wars

Wars of Ancient Greece. The Persians invaded Greece in 490 and 480 BC. The Greeks survived the sack of Athens and the death of a small Spartan army defending a narrow passage in the gorge. Thermopylae. Despite the losses, they still won, winning the battles of Marathon, at Plataea and sea battle Salamina. The Athenian leader convinced the government to create their own warships. The Greek fleet became a powerful force, the main weapon of which was trireme ship, which rammed enemy ships below the waterline. The battering ram was usually made of bronze. The triremes broke the formation of enemy ships, rammed them and disappeared from view.
The decisive battle took place at Salamis Islands and ended with the defeat of the Persian king Xerxes who invaded Greece. The Persians were lured into a trap - a narrow strait between Salamis and the mainland - and defeated.
Bucephalus. During the campaigns, Alexander left his people in the conquered lands. This contributed to the widespread dissemination of Greek culture and language, and, ultimately, to the development of the achievements of Greek science and architecture by later civilizations.

Military campaigns of Alexander

Conquering Asia Minor, Alexander won the battles with the Persians at Granicus and Issus. Turning south, he conquered Phoenicia, Judea and Egypt, where he was accepted as Pharaoh. The Macedonian visited the temple of the god Amon in Siwa, where he recognized him as his son. Then he defeated the Persians in the battle of Gaugamela. The Persian king Darius III fled after a crushing defeat inflicted on him by Alexander the Great. Soon Darius was killed. After a drunken revelry in Persepolis, Alexander ordered the palace to be burned down before moving on to India. Then the great commander went to India and again became the winner in the battle near the Gidasp River, having entered into a fight with the war elephants of King Por. He would have continued his campaigns further, but the army was already exhausted.

Alexander the Great died 323 BC in Babylon from a fever on the eve of a campaign in Arabia.
He was buried in Alexandria. He was at that time only 33 years old.

Hellas and Hellenes. The country that we call ancient Greece was located in the south of the Balkan Peninsula. Although in ancient times it was never a single state, its inhabitants were aware of themselves as a single people and called their country Hellas, and themselves Hellenes. They called all foreigners barbarians, and at first this word did not have a contemptuous connotation, as the Greeks denoted all those who did not speak their language and muttered something, from their point of view, incomprehensible (from the onomatopoeic "bar-bar" and the Greek comes "barbara", i.e. barbarians).

Major parts of ancient Greece. Ancient Greece was divided into three parts: mainland, island and Asia Minor. Mainland Hellas consisted of Northern, Middle and Southern Greece. Northern Greece consists of two regions: Thessaly in the east and Epirus in the west. To the north of Thessaly were Macedonia and Thrace (their population, although related to the Greeks in language and culture, did not belong to the Hellenes). On the border of Macedonia and Thessaly is Olympus - the highest mountain in Greece, on top of which, as the Greeks believed, were the palaces of their gods, who were led by Zeus, "the father of gods and people." Illyrian tribes lived north of Epirus.

From Thessaly, through the narrow Thermopylae Gorge, the road led to Central Greece, which also consisted of several regions, the main of which were Attica (its center is Athens) and Boeotia, whose largest city was Thebes. To the west of Boeotia lay Phocis, in whose territory, at Delphi, was the temple of Apollo with the oracle of this god. Without the divinations given by the priestess of Apollo, Pythia, the Greeks did not start any important business. The rulers of the states neighboring Hellas also listened to the oracle of Apollo.

The narrow Isthmus of Corinth (Isthm) separated Central Greece from South or Peloponnese (Peloponnese - "Pelops Island" - was named after the mythical hero, the grandson of Zeus himself). The most significant areas of the Peloponnese: Laconia, the center of which was the famous Sparta, Argolis with Argos and Elis, where in Olympia there was a temple of Zeus with a statue of this god, which was considered one of the wonders of the world, and once every four years the Olympic Games were held in honor of the supreme god of the Hellenes .

Greek Islands and Asia Minor. The island part of Greece consisted of many large and small islands, almost all of them were located in the Aegean Sea. The largest of them is Crete, as if closing the Aegean Sea from the south. A kind of bridge connecting the two continents, Europe and Asia, is the Cyclades archipelago between the south of the Balkans and the west of Asia Minor. Scattered along the coast of Asia Minor are the islands of another archipelago called the Sporades.

The western coast of Asia Minor was colonized by the Greeks at the end of the 2nd millennium BC, and they lived there until 1922, when, after the Greco-Turkish war, they were forced to move out. Greek Asia Minor was divided into Ionia and Aeolia, located to the north of it. The largest of the Asia Minor Greek cities was Miletus.

periods of Greek history. The history of ancient Greece is usually divided into five periods:

• Cretan-Mycenaean (Aegean) - the end of the III-end of the II millennium BC;
• Homeric - XI-IX centuries. BC.;
• archaic - VIII-VI centuries. BC.;
• classical - 500-323 years. BC.;
• Hellenistic - 323-30 AD BC.

Achaean civilization. In the ancient Crete-Mycenaean period, the first civilizations in Europe dating back to the Bronze Age arose: the Minoan in Crete and, under its influence, somewhat later in the Peloponnese and Central Greece - Achaean or Mycenaean (by the name of its most famous center, the kingdom of the famous Agamemnon) . The Achaean civilization was the first created by the Greeks, whom Homer calls Achaeans or Danaans. She died at the end of the XII-beginning of the XI century. BC, and Greece was thrown back in its development for a whole millennium ago.

The Homeric period is so named because for a long time the main source for its study were Homer's poems "Iliad" and "Odyssey". Now the results of archaeological excavations carried out from the second half of the 19th century have acquired just as great importance. At this time, Greek society was slowly recovering from the catastrophe of the end of the 2nd millennium BC. and accumulated strength for a powerful leap forward - the creation of a civilization of a completely different type, unlike either Cretan or Mycenaean. In the Homeric period, the Iron Age of Hellas begins.

City-states of Greece. In the archaic period, the formation of a polis civilization in Greece took place. A new form of state appeared - the polis, which is usually called the city-state. In total, there were several hundred such states in Hellas, the area of ​​some of them was measured in tens of square kilometers, but, despite their small size, they were completely independent. The polis was a slave-owning state: as you know, the ancient world was a world devoid of machines and full of slaves, the lot of which turned out to be hard physical labor. At the expense of slaves, free citizens of the policy had free time for the development of physical and spiritual culture, military training, for holidays and entertainment.

The free population of the policy consisted of citizens and non-citizens, immigrants from other places and their descendants. Citizens, in turn, were divided into aristocracy (nobility), which traced its origin to gods and heroes, and demos (farmers, artisans, merchants).

Types of power among the Greeks. Depending on the characteristics of their structure, the Greek policies were divided into democratic, aristocratic and oligarchic. In democracies, power belonged to the demos, in aristocratic - to all the nobility, in oligarchic - to a narrow circle of people from among the same aristocracy. In any policy there was a popular assembly, council and elected officials, but in a democratic one all important issues were decided by a popular assembly in which all citizens participated, while in an aristocratic or oligarchic one it existed only for show and rarely met, only for the approval of what already decided by those in power. An example of a democratic policy was Athens, an aristocratic, later reborn into an oligarchic one - Sparta.

Greek warriors. The armed forces of the policy consisted of a militia of all citizens. They bought weapons with their own money, so the richest served in the cavalry (maintenance of a horse was very expensive), the wealthy - in heavily armed infantry, the poor were light infantry and crews of ships (the ships themselves were built either at the expense of the state, or on behalf of the rich, whom were appointed captains of the ships they built).

Aristocrats and oligarchs did not trust their own fellow citizens, so they preferred to rely not on them, but on mercenary warriors who offered their services to the highest bidder. But it also happened that one of the aristocrats, planning to seize power, bribed mercenaries, with their help destroyed or expelled his opponents and became a tyrant - as the Greeks called the one who established sole power illegally. There was a time when tyrants ruled in many Greek cities, but towards the end of the archaic period, tyranny is everywhere destroyed, only to be reborn in a different setting many decades later.

The fourth (classical) period begins with the collision of the Greek policies with the powerful Persian state (Greek-Persian wars), and ends with the conquests of Alexander the Great, who destroyed this power.

Persian kingdom. In it, from the time of its emergence to the death of the rule, the Achaemenid dynasty, and the state itself stretched from India to the Aegean Sea. King Darius divided it into regions - satrapies, each of which was headed by a satrap. The population of each satrapy had to pay taxes and, by order of the king, appear in the army. Thus, the Persian army was a huge number of warriors with different weapons, different ways of fighting, speaking different languages. It was very difficult to manage such an army. The Persians did not have their own fleet, the Phoenicians, Egyptians and Ionian Greeks supplied them with ships.

Elinistic period. The last period in the history of ancient Greece is called the Hellenistic, it lasted from the death of Alexander the Great to the conquest of Egypt by the Romans. At this time, both the Greek policies and the former power of the Achaemenids are part of the new states founded by the generals of Alexander, who, many years after his death, proclaimed themselves kings. One of the famous Hellenistic kings was Pyrrhus, whom the Romans had to meet on the battlefield.

How is it known about the wars and battles of the ancient Greeks. We know about the battles of the Greco-Persian wars mainly from the work of Herodotus "History". The information reported by Herodotus is supplemented and revived by Plutarch, who lived many centuries later. His "Comparative Lives" are several dozen biographies of famous Greeks and Romans and therefore are an important source on the history of not only ancient Greece, but also Rome.

Battles of the first half of the 4th c. BC. described by their contemporary, the Athenian writer and historian Xenophon and Plutarch already known to us. On the history of the campaigns of Alexander the Great, in addition to the biographies of the great Macedonian and his contemporaries, ancient historians who already lived in Roman times, Arrian and Quintus Curtius Rufus, created special works that have survived to our time and translated into Russian. Much interesting characterization of the struggle of the Greeks for freedom, against Macedonia, is contained in the speeches of Demosthenes.

>A brief history of states, cities, events

A Brief History of Greece

Greece is one of the most interesting countries in terms of history. This country is called the country of the gods, the birthplace of philosophy, the cradle of civilizations, etc. The influence of Ancient Greece on the formation of various world cultures was especially significant. Modern science is based on the achievements of ancient Greek philosophers and scientists. Ancient Greek arts, literature and architecture deserve no less attention.

Archaeologists claim that the first settlements on the territory of modern Greece appeared in the Paleolithic era. Since the Minoan era ( 2700-1400 gg. BC), the history of the country is usually divided into several stages. Crete was the birthplace of civilization. It is noteworthy that this period was matriarchal. Near 1500 BC a devastating earthquake occurred near the island, after which the Minoan civilization ceased to exist.

IN 1400 BC the Achaean period began. During this period, the Peloponnese peninsula was inhabited by Achaean tribes who migrated from Central Europe. According to some reports, it was these tribes that initiated the cult of the Olympic gods. This period culminated in the famous Trojan War. With the arrival of the Dorians in 1100 BC a new period began, which was called Homer's. It was at this time that the Greek language began to form, and the great Homer created his immortal works.

In the first half of the 4th century BC. Alexander the Great came to power. This ruler in just a few years turned Greece into a powerful empire. During his reign, Hellenism reached its zenith. The countless victories of the young king simply turned his head, and he was ready to conquer more and more new lands for Greece. Hellenism was replaced by the era of the Romans, and then the Byzantines. The ancient Romans, as an example to the Greeks, became the greatest aggressors of their era.

The Byzantine period lasted from the 4th to the 15th century AD. and was characterized by the formation of Christianity. This empire, with its capital in Constantinople, reached its greatest prosperity under Justinian I. From the middle of the 15th century, the Ottoman period began in Greece - one of the most difficult in the history of the country. For almost 400 years, the Greeks lived under the Turkish yoke. IN 1821 year, during the revolution and with the support of the Orthodox Church, Greece finally gained independence.

At the beginning of the 20th century, during the Balkan War, some historical regions were returned to Greece, including Crete, Macedonia, and the Aegean Islands. During the Second World War, the mainland of the country was occupied by the Germans, but thanks to the national liberation movement, in 1944 year they were able to get her out. Not having time to recover from one war, Greece entered another - the Civil War 1946-1949 gg. WITH 1981 year is a member of the European Union.

The first mention of historical facts related to the civilization of the ancient Greeks dates back to the VI century BC.

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The history of Greece originates in distant centuries, its age exceeds four thousand years. This is the story of the formation of a nation that had a tremendous impact on the entire civilized world.

Minoan period. Crete

The first mention of historical facts related to the civilization of the ancient Greeks dates back to the VI century BC. They were found on the island of Crete and on the time scale correspond to the Neolithic era. The main factor that contributed to the intensive development of civilization was the extremely advantageous location of Greece in the places where trade routes passed. A remarkable fact of those times is a pronounced matriarchy, the essence of which was the especially high position of women in society, which largely ensured the growth and prosperity of culture on the island of Crete. The islanders traded with Egypt, Syria, Greece and Mesapotamia. A distinctive feature was the very high level of development of life on the island, which was significantly higher than the standard of living on the Greek mainland. The end of this stage of Greek civilization put an earthquake on, which became the starting point for the complete destruction of the Cretan civilization.

Achaean period

The time mark corresponding to 1400 BC was marked by the arrival of the Jachaean tribes to the Peloponnese peninsula. It was they who brought the cult of the Olympic gods and innovations in culture to Greece. The largest city of the Peloponnese, Mycenae, became the center of the most powerful state in the entire Mediterranean. It was this period of history that became the most legendary and has come down to us in numerous myths, legends and poems. The peak point of this period was the Trojan War, which began the process of disintegration of the Mycenaean civilization and the entire Greek world of that time.

Homeric period

This period of Greek history is considered the most difficult in its history. It was characterized by the invasion of the Dorian tribes, which at the initial stage led to the degradation of the country, but later the culture of the Dorians merged with the Achaean, Cretan, Asian and other cultures, which ultimately led to the most important event - the emergence of the Greek language.

archaic period

It was marked by the active development of all aspects of Greek life, including culture, art and economy. On the territory of Greece, cities grew like mushrooms - policies, and in the Mediterranean region - colonies. Serious political changes took place, an important result of which was the Peloponnesian Union, led by Sparta.

classical era

Begins in 500 BC. Its beginning was connected with the war with the Persians, which lasted more than 20 years. Greece won thanks to the fact that a maritime union was created, headed by Athens. During that period, this city-state continued to strengthen its power. This was a golden period in the history of Athens, as a result of which they turned into a work of art. This development of events did not suit Sparta at all, which led to the complete defeat of Athens after a twenty-seven-year war that began in 431 BC. The dominance of Sparta as the most powerful policy in Greece until 337 BC, until all of Greece became part of the Macedonian Empire.

After the death of Alexander the Great, and as a result, the collapse of the empire. Thus began the Hellenistic period, marked by the Roman occupation. The presence of the Romans had a great influence on Greek culture. This is especially evident in architecture.

Byzantine period, which came later, formed the traditions of Christianity with the strengthening of the influence of the church on the state and the massive construction of temples and churches. The death of the greatest ruler of Byzantium, Justinian I, led to a gradual weakening of the power of the empire and its further capture by the soldiers of the Ottoman Empire, which became another difficult one in the history of the Greeks.

Revolution

On March 25, 1821, a revolution took place, which resulted in the declaration of independence and a civil war, which ended in 1825.

In 1827, the country gained a president, and in 1830 Türkiye recognized its independence.

The period from 1830 to 1922 was a bustling time in Greek history. This time was full of political unrest and unrest. In 1922, the “Asia Minor Catastrophe” occurred, the result of which was the acquisition of the current borders by the country.

From 1941 to 1944, Greece was occupied by the Nazis, and from 1946 to 1949, a civil war raged in the country.

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The report on the topic "Ancient Greece" will tell about the culture and life in this country. "Ancient Greece" report grade 5 can present in the history lesson.

"Ancient Greece" report

Ancient Greece influenced the development of all areas of human life. Its cultural values ​​are a huge contribution to world culture. The Greeks called their homeland Hellas
This state was located in the south of the Balkan Peninsula and the islands of the Aegean Sea.

The heyday of this state was in the V-IV century BC. The Greeks lived in policies - numerous completely disparate city-states.

The inhabitants of the policies were divided into two groups - citizens and slaves. Every citizen had the right to own land. A citizen could not only cultivate the land, but also engage in cattle breeding. W
The labor of slaves, who were the main labor force, was very cheap. The main source of replenishment of the number of slaves was the war.

Athens - the cradle of democracy

The main city of Greece, its cultural and intellectual center at that time was Athens. It was here that the basic democratic principles of the social structure of policies were formed. They were as follows:

All indigenous citizens of the policies were part of the civil collective. supreme power belonged to the national assembly of the collective. He was the deliberative and legislative body of his urban community. Laws were passed by a show of hands. All decisions were made collectively. Every citizen could express his opinion and could be elected to any position, except for the military leader.

executive branch was concentrated in the hands of officials elected by the people's assembly - magistrates, who were members of the council of five hundred. This body decided all current affairs and prepared materials for consideration at the people's assembly.

Supreme judiciary(helium) monitored the implementation of laws, considered current controversial cases. Helia was also elective, its main purpose was to protect the rights of citizens.
All of these authorities were accountable to the citizens of their policy.
Gradually improving norms of behavior became the basis of the civil law of Athens. A similar social hierarchy spread to other Greek policies. Athenian democracy, having existed for about 250 years, is gradually declining.

But why was it precisely in ancient Greece that the basic democratic principles were born, which later became part of the models of the structure of other states? This was facilitated by the small territory of the city-state, which allowed each full-fledged citizen to take a personal part in the people's assembly. In addition, their number was limited by the presence or absence of a land plot owned by the community. Slave labor freed citizens from hard daily work, allowing them to use their free time to participate in state affairs.

Cultural heritage of the ancient Greeks

Science in Ancient Greece

It is to the Greek philosophers that we owe the basic information about the universe, which is still used in science today.

• We owe Aristotle ideas about the material and non-material world.
• Thales of Miletus - initial information on electrostatics. He began to use the basics of geometry for practical problems - determining the height of the pyramids and calculating the distance from the ship to the coast.
• Democritus laid down ideas about the atomistic picture of the world.
• Archimedes of Syracuse - made advances in physics, engineering and astronomy. The mechanisms he created raised flooded ships from the water, and the law of buoyancy discovered by Archimedes still bears his name. When danger loomed over his hometown, he set fire to the enemy flotilla with the help of concave mirrors. No less significant are the works of Archimedes in the field of mathematics.

Culture of Ancient Greece

The ancient Greeks gave the world more than 1,000 words that were included in different languages. These are quite familiar words: history, democracy, notebook, school, surgery, etc.

Everyone knows the Greek myths about the exploits of Hercules, about the terrible Minotaur, about the handsome Perseus, who freed the charming Andromeda chained to a rock .... Constellations were named after mythical heroes.

In the north of Greece is the highest mountain range - Mount Olympus. The Greeks believed that the gods lived there. And among them is the supreme god Zeus - the lord of the sky, thunder and lightning. It is to him that the ancient Greeks attribute the holding of the first Olympic Games. Athletes competed every four years. At the time of their preparation and conduct, all wars between cities ceased, and those who violated this truce were severely punished. In the year of the games, messengers with torches in their hands were sent to all parts of the country, they carried news of a truce and the beginning of the Olympiad.
The Hellenes considered friendship, respect and noble rivalry to be the main principles of the Olympic Games.

Art of Ancient Greece

Ancient Hellenes built the world's first theater created great works of architecture and sculpture. Today you can see the ruins of ancient temples and stadiums.

A magnificent example of Greek architecture - the temple Parthenon located in Athens, the capital of Greece.
It is part of the Greek Acropolis. The main building material for the Greeks was white marble. Its radiance against the blue sky, the magnificent colonnade surrounding the perimeter of the building make an indelible impression even now, after 2500 years.

The sculptural works of ancient masters are amazing, and people today admire the jewelry of that time.

Each student can supplement or shorten the message on the topic "Ancient Greece" at his discretion.