The first transatlantic flight. What are the options for flying to the USA from Ukraine

Ask any person: “Who was the first to fly over the Atlantic?” And 90 out of a hundred people will answer: “Charles Lindbergh.” Lindbergh is an incredibly popular character in the 30s, the hero of numerous newspaper publications, films, historical studies and novels. However, he was not the first to fly across the Atlantic.

In 1913, the British newspaper Daily Mail (Daily Mail) established a special prize of 10 thousand pounds for the first flight through the Atlantic Ocean. The prize aroused great interest, and several aviators and engineers began to build their plans for its conquest. But in 1914 the First World War began, and put an end to all plans. In 1918, the war ended, and the competition for the prize resumed with renewed vigor. The acuteness of the competition was given by the fact that during the First World War, aviation made a quantum leap, turning from an exotic toy into a real fighting force. The design and manufacture of airplanes has ceased to be the lot of eccentric enthusiasts, and has become a powerful industry with serious engineering teams, large production capacities and considerable cash flows. In addition to money, the first transatlantic flight promised developers good advertising, so aircraft manufacturing companies did not stand aside.

In May 1919, pilot Hawker (H.G. Hawker) and navigator Grieve (Mackenzie Grieve) launched on the Atlantic Sopwich airplane. The attempt was unsuccessful - the plane crashed into the Ocean, fortunately, both pilots were saved. At about the same time, several US Navy flying boats flew from Newfoundland to Portugal through the Azores. The purpose of the flight (initiated not by anyone, but by Richard Byrd) was to develop flights over sea spaces. There was no record, since the flight lasted 19 days, and the planes had a large number of landings.

On May 26, 1919, a container with a Vickers Vimi aircraft was delivered to Newfowland. The airplane was unpacked and assembled in a couple of days without any troubles and delays. The expectation of suitable weather began. In the meantime, it rained, interspersed with wet snow. The crew consisted of two people - the pilot captain John Alcock and navigator Lieutenant Arthur Brown. Both officers were assigned to Royal Firing Corps (prototype of Royal Air Force). The goal is a direct flight across the Atlantic Ocean.
The fates of these people were largely similar - both fought in the World War, both knew the severity of captivity: Alcock in Turkey, and Brown in Germany, both after the war returned to their busy people, both were fired up by the idea of \u200b\u200ba direct flight across the ocean. Captain John Alcock was born in 1892 in Seymour (Seymour, Old Trafford, England). Interest in flying nn began to show interest in flying at the age of seventeen, during the war he became an experienced pilot. Lt. Arthur Whitten Brown was born in Glasgow in 1886. He worked as an engineer in the development of aeronautical instruments. Hearing about the upcoming flight across the Atlantic, he expressed a desire to take part in it and was selected to partner with John Alcock.

By that time, the Vickers company had already managed to occupy one of the leading positions not only in Britain, but also in Europe. By the beginning of the twentieth century, this company was well known as shipbuilding. In 1908, His Majesty's Fleet turned to his long-time partner with an unusual order - the Admiralty needed an airship. Thus, the Vickers company moved from the sea to the air. In the next few years, French mines were produced under license at the company's factories, and in 1913 its own development arrived - the F.B.I. At the same time, a Vickers flight school was opened in Brookland. By 1918, the number of Vickers military aircraft reached 4,500.

Vickers Wimi 4

At the end of the war in Great Britain, the development of a twin-engine bomber began, designed to bomb German fortifications at the front and factories in the rear. The aircraft (by the standards of those years - heavy), developed by engineer Pearson (R.K. Pierson) and built by Vickers, was called Vickers Vimy 4 (Vickers Vimy IV). To control the aircraft required a crew of two people. The aircraft is 13 meters (43 feet) long and has a wingspan of 21 meters (69 feet). Power plant - two 12-cylinder Rolls-Royce engines (Rolls Royce Eagle) with a capacity of 350 horsepower each. Like all aircraft of those years, Vickers Vimi was made of wood, and three-meter screws were wooden. Maximum speed - 160 km / h, cruising - 145 km / h. The maximum flight height is 2100 m. At Vickers it was decided that this aircraft was the best suited for the flight.
The aircraft was built at the Weybridge factory in Surrey (Weybridge, Surrey). The cost of a production copy was 3 thousand pounds. He did not have time to participate in the First World War, and was never used for its intended purpose. For the transatlantic flight, the aircraft was slightly modified. Firstly, all military equipment was removed from him, and secondly, additional fuel tanks were installed. In order for both pilots to feel a little more comfortable during a long flight, the cockpit was slightly expanded. Pilots sat side by side on a narrow wooden bench, on which a thin litter was laid.

Finally, on June 14, the long-awaited improvement came, and on December 16 GMT, Vickers Vimi 4 started from a pasture near St. John's on Fr. Newfoundland. The fuel supply was 4,000 liters (1,050 gallons), which gave a theoretical opportunity to fly 2,500 miles (4,000 km). When fully equipped, the aircraft weighed 6,000 kilograms (13,300 pounds).

Takeoff from newfoundland

There were enough problems during the flight, the danger of an emergency landing (which in their situation meant almost one hundred percent death) did not leave the pilots during the entire flight. Radio communication failed immediately after take-off; engines occasionally crashed. The fog that enveloped the plane did not allow the pilots to see at least anything for most of the flight. At some point, the plane ceased to obey control and, randomly spinning, began to fall. Falling out of the fog, the pilots saw that the surface of the ocean was already very close. Fortunately, at this moment, Alcock was able to regain control of the control, and the aircraft began to slowly gain altitude. Orientation in the fog was almost impossible, and throughout the journey Brown very roughly represented their whereabouts. An undoubted success was a brief clarification, during which Brown was able to determine the stars.

Landing in Ireland

The next morning - June 15, 1919 at 8.25 a.m. - Alcock and Brown crossed the coast of Ireland. The fog stretched all the way to the ground, but the pilots managed to find a suitable clearing and land. The landing was pretty tough, the plane was damaged, but the pilots were safe and sound. Behind was 15 hours 57 minutes of flight and a journey of 3,000 kilometers. The landing site was next to the Clifden Wireless Station, from where Alcock sent the news of the successful completion of the first transatlantic flight.

Brown and Alcock were honored as national heroes. The Daily Mail hosted an incredibly solemn celebration at the Savoy Restaurant, where guests were served Oeufs Poches Alcock and Poulet de Printemps a la Vickers Vimy dishes specially designed for this occasion. The pilots and the Vickers company received a special prize of 10 thousand pounds. The aircraft was delivered to the London Museum of Science, where it is exhibited to this day.

In addition to the Dale Mail prize, participants received 2,000 guineas from Ardath Tobacco and 1,000 pounds from Lawrence R. Phillips. Both Alcock and Brown were promoted to knighthood. Already much later, In 1954, a monument was erected at Heathrow Airport in honor of their flight. A memorial sign was also installed at the landing site.

John Alcock and Arthur Brown

John Alcock died on December 18, 1919, when he flew to the Vickers Viking at the Paris Air Show - in Normandy his plane fell into fog and crashed into a forest. Brown continued his work at the company and lived until October 4, 1948, but never again took to the air.

In the years 30-40 Vickers was a leading British airline company. Suffice it to say that such bombers as Wellington and Lancaster and such fighters as Spitfire were developed by this company. And the production of military aircraft by the Vickers in World War II was already in the tens of thousands of units.

The historic flight of the British fell into the shadows after Charles Lindberg in 1927 made his solo flight on a single-engine Spirit of St. Louis Lindberg was the first to fly from the mainland to the mainland, which caused an immeasurably greater excitement among the public. Well, and it should be noted that with PR he was much better.
The flight of Alcock and Brown ushered in the golden era of propeller aviation, when the romantics' desire for adventure and the general public's interest in their achievements were successfully combined with the desire of the air forces to create and demonstrate aircraft with ever greater speeds, carrying capacity and range.

Used sources.

Finally I went to the hotel. Honestly, the last time the flight seemed to me much easier. Apparently because we traveled in a group and drank all the whiskey on board as it was.

I’ve been going all weekend, but I still forgot the usb cable to charge the phone. I left Yekaterinburg, which accompanied me with rainy and dank weather - for the money;)

Yesterday I peed at the airport in Yekaterinburg, but the Internet in my landing zone was so slow that I managed to send it only from Moscow. As an intelligent person passed the business registration and flew. 2 hours flight.

The seats next to me were empty, so I couldn’t communicate with anyone. I tried the kosher menu, which I learned about on the tip of one of my colleagues on Facebook. It, in contrast to the standard ham sandwich, includes several types of fish, chicken, hummus, jam, fruit drink, chocolate bar and another tomato thing like leche (I don’t remember what is called). According to the stewardess, this is the most expensive menu on board and is enviably different from the classic. And you can get it absolutely free by specifying a kosher menu when booking a ticket.

There was customs control in Moscow, where a man in uniform with an iron face put a stamp on my passport. About an hour of waiting and iron faces of girls in uniform, checking documents. For some reason, to communicate with people as scum we have in the order of things.

Sent a post over the slow internet and also chatted with Jay, my new friend from San Francisco, whom I met through couchsurfing. He asks if I should be scored from the airport and asks me to call. My old htc does not want to work in any way and does not even catch the connection, so it is problematic to call - I am writing a letter that I have already booked the hotel. By the way, just fascinated by booking.com. I used to not use it tightly, but just saw it from the side. So there are so many interesting things like allergies and notifications that are really convenient and I'm sure that they really bring them a lot of traffic. Take their secrets directly and implement!

Flew across the Atlantic. I love these intercontinental planes because they are large (we had an airbus-330), they have small monitors in the backs of seats, with which you can watch movies and track the route. They serve free alcohol in the form of red and white wine, and you can also buy strong drinks such as whiskey, which are very cheap. Good stewardesses and kosher menu again. The composition is the same, so it starts to make him nauseous.

This time, the owner was a small packaging manufacturer who flies to Boston on vacation. We talked well. He is 52 years old and he is for an active lifestyle. At the end of the flight, he noticed that he was reading a large A4 notebook, in which English words were written, which he apparently taught. He advised Lingualeo - promised to definitely see;). By the way, I have great respect for people who, regardless of their age, learn a new language, open new companies, move, live a full life!

The flight across the Atlantic Ocean from Moscow to New York took 9:30 hours, taking into account all 10 taxiing. If possible, take a seat at the exit to walk around the cabin from time to time. For dinner, I refused the kosher menu and took the usual one - the truth is there is only the least, but more familiar.

The customs border in New York, a lot of people. Here they are active black American employees who, even directing the crowd into a separate lane, do it with their whole bodies, waving their arms. I can’t imagine such emotionality from a Russian person - we have other advantages.

Met Dmitry, who also flies to San Francisco. He lives in Kharkov and with his team is working on a very large and famous project. It seems only the two of us flew further to San Francisco, although I could miss someone.

Very long distances for landing the Delta, which we will fly to San Francisco. We have gate 37 and while we got to it, it seemed to me that we had passed 10 Koltsovo. JFK what can I say. By the way, pay attention to the window in the transplant between New York and Delta, because there are a lot of people and there is a chance not to be in time. We had a window at 3 o’clock, but the plane landed later and while we were passing through all the registrations, literally half an hour of free time remained. To board the Delta, you need to walk along the street and take the domestic train from terminal 1 to 4. There is no free Internet at all, but wifi from Skype works.

In Delta, as on other planes, I asked to hang my suit in their wardrobe. All stewardesses easily come to your aid - do not in any case carry bulky things with you. My wife, I don’t know how she guessed before, is going to take the child on a scooter;) You won’t drag him to the salon with you :)

To my left is a decent girl, to my right is a young man. For both macbook air - I got my pro, so as not to seem like a sucker. One is watching movies, the second is checking mail and reading Facebook. By the way, the girl put on some kind of film on the monitor. In this case, the image either becomes three-dimensional, or something else - you need to study.

On Delta planes, food is served only for a fee and additionally. You can also buy alcohol. My neighbor drank, it seems, a bottle of whiskey, and the neighbor mastered a whole large bottle of wine. By this moment I was already so tired that I simply did not have the strength to talk and get to know each other. It seemed to me that this would be the most difficult flight, since it lasts as long as 6 hours, but in fact it turned out to be the easiest, because I overslept the whole flight. I didn’t even use Wi-Fi on the plane.

I caught a taxi for $ 50. I don’t know how to get cheaper from the airport to downtown without a phone with Internet — share it if you know how. I arrived at the hotel at about one in the morning. By the way, he specially rented a hotel for $ 100 next to the Apple Store, because you can’t ride a car without a phone without a navigator, and toad presses a navigator at a rental for 10 dollars a day. A Korean taxi driver remembered Russian vodka, which he most associated with Russian.

At 7 in the morning, Jay wants to pick me up, who promised to give a car and to shelter in San Francisco, while I settle all the nuances with the house and the phone. Ivan Tsybaev is calling tomorrow to see the housing in his cool complex in San Jose, tomorrow I’ll try to go there.

This is such a busy and hard day. I enjoyed the shower at the hotel and enjoyed it. Ideally, you probably need to stay in every city for 1-2 days so that you don’t get tired. See the same New York, although the weather there is nasty - it's not California, in which there are 340 days of sunshine a year;)

Now it’s 3 a.m. here and 3 a.m. in Moscow. I had a good night's sleep, so I’ll probably work now;) While another colleague, who works and lives here, flew, he sent me an offer to talk - great! Another person asked me for a code for Lingualeo, which I’m free for hardworking students - the codes begin to end, I need to come up with something.

In total, taking into account all the expectations, the pellet took me 26 hours.

See you in the next episode :)

P.S. The smart VK thought that I was logging in from a strange place and required SMS from a phone that remained in Russia. So I’ll publish a post there tomorrow

In the 20s of the XX century, the planet literally froze in anticipation of the first transatlantic flight. The French aviators Charles E.J. M. Nangesser and Francois Coley began to prepare for the flight. For the first time, it was decided to fly from Europe to America, from east to west, against the rotation of the Earth.

The commander was Nangesser. One of the best aces in France, according to the results of the First World War, he had on his account 45 downed enemy aircraft. The “Brand Name” on board his combat vehicle - an ace of hearts with a coffin and a skull with two crossbones - terrified the German pilots.

Flight preparation
  The “White Bird”, the plane the pilots were about to fly on, was, in the words of one French journalist, a “flying tank” —the ship weighed a total of five tons, four of which were fuel in tanks. In order to make the car as light as possible, the pilots refused even a walkie-talkie. In addition, immediately after take-off, it was necessary to get rid of the wheeled chassis. What obliged the aircraft, not intended for landing on water, to land on the sea surface in the gulf of New York. And, nevertheless, in spite of all these tricks, fuel was scarce.

Flight from Le Bourget to New York On May 8, 1927, an enthusiastic crowd gathered at the Le Bourget airfield (a suburb of Paris). Everyone wanted to take part in the event of the century. At 5 o’clock in the morning, the “White Bird” with the Nangessera brand name on board began to take off. The heavy machine did not want to obey the will of the pilots and rise to the sky. Finally, as if reluctantly, she took off the ground and disappeared into the sky under the escort of several military aircraft.

Sensation from the Press
  Since there was no radio on board. Messages could be expected only from the ground. The "white bird" was seen over Ile de France, Normandy, and there the ocean began ... The next message came a little more than a day after the start of the flight. Hooray, they are already in America! They are telegraphing from Boston: they were seen, they flew by, they were sent to New York! All France held its breath. Only an hour later, at 17 hours and 15 minutes, the Parisians were able to take a breath. Fueled by a long wait, they literally pulled out a new press number, still smelling of printing ink, from the hands of newspaper deliverymen. The first page was full of different headings:

“Glory to the masters of French aviation!” “Nangesser and Cole have taken gold!” "The incredible details of a perfect raid!" Then the newspaper reported the very details of the splashdown of French aviators in the Gulf of New York. A Nangesser plane flew out to meet a whole squadron of fighters led by Major Fulua. Accompanied by American combat aircraft, the White Bird landed on the water. The ships in the bay raised flags of welcome, sirens howled. Some New Yorkers, not believing their eyes, got into their boats and went out into the bay. Civilian planes hired by various members of the press flooded the sky. The White Bird landed incredibly lightly, after which the ship was immediately surrounded by several large ships. Four seaplanes were allocated, which circled over the triumph at the lowest possible height, acting as insurance. Watering themselves, Nangesser and Cole hesitated, as if their victory over the ocean was a trifle, not worthy of universal rejoicing. But after a few minutes they appeared from the plane and hugged. To the applause of the audience, the howl of motors and the howling of sirens, the pilots descended to land. Yes, it was a great day of French glory!

"White Bird"

Tragic mistake
Clouds of enthusiastic telegrams flew after the White Bird across the ocean. And - not a word in reply ... No, two Frenchmen failed to become the first to cross the ocean by plane. They flew over, they waved their wings to the Bostonians ... but they did not appear to meet the New Yorkers who were waiting for them. They went missing, Nangesser and Coley. They were expected, they were sought. When all the deadlines had already passed, it became clear that they had died. A few minutes, a few kilometers before his triumph, the White Bird with an ace of hearts, a coffin and a skull fell into the ocean. This is probably the greatest disappointment, the most impressive failure in the history of aviation. They would sit near Boston and become winners, go down in history. But it was set in advance: a triumph in front of the multimillion-dollar New York, from there it will be visible and audible to the whole world!

A whole police squad restrained the crowds of the insulted Parisians, who tried at all costs to break into the offices of the Press and smash it to smithereens. But the reason for this incomprehensible and senseless newspaper deception then remained a mystery. The whole world, despite the grief over the two pilots, who almost accomplished the almost impossible, could not help sarcastically grinning: too much, they say, “in French” it all happened. It was as if the poor guys themselves — Nangesser and Kohli — were boasting. Even their grief was somehow stained by this scandal. The greatness of heroic death turned into a laughing stock. All that's left   More than 30 years have passed since the disappearance of the White Bird. On a wintry cold morning, Cliff Iceland (an American lobster catcher) went on a boat at sea. Raising the anchor of his boat, he felt that he had hooked some thing from the bottom. When the anchor emerged from the water, on it hung some sheets similar to the skin of an airplane ... That was all that was left of the proud and mighty White Bird, which had once decided on an unprecedented feat.

"Eyes to see" And three years later, in 1964, the mystery of newspaper deception, the most striking in the history of world press, was revealed. The famous French journalist Georges Raven published a book, “Eyes to See,” in which he talked about how everything happened on that ill-fated day in the newspaper, since he himself was one of the main characters in this ugly story. After it was reported that the pilots were seen over Boston and, therefore, the main barrier, the Atlantic Ocean, was overcome, the editor-in-chief made a decision that led to the collapse of the Press. “We need our newspaper to be the first to report a successful flight across the Atlantic!” He told staff. Nobody decided to voluntarily come up with the details of an as yet incomplete feat, and then the editor-in-chief appointed Raven as the youngest on this matter.

“I need fifty live lines” - “Maybe we should wait for more specific news?” - the young employee tried to object. “In order to share profits with competitors and get only small crumbs from what, could you get? You just don’t feel the situation, my dear! They won over the whole ocean, which means we can win our victory! ” Here is such a sad story. In fact, the White Bird crew was successful, the first to make a transatlantic flight, but died due to the tragic thirst for fame. And another vice of the human soul - greed - influenced the Press, which led to widespread indignation and hatred. Of which the White Bird did not deserve.

In the center of Rio de Janeiro on the embankment near the ultramodern Museum of tomorrow, a model of the world's first airplane 14-bis or “Oiseau de proie” (in French “bird of prey”) is installed.
Today, Brazil is one of the world's leading aircraft manufacturers. The Brazilian Embraer (E-Jet) leads the world in the market for medium-haul (regional) aircraft.
Thanks to the dominance of the American media in the world, a conviction emerged about the priority of the Wright brothers who made their first flight on an airplane. In Brazil and France, the indisputable championship is given to the native of Brazil, the holder of the Order of the Legion of Honor, balloonist, pilot and inventor Albert Santos Dumont (1873 - 1932), who lived in France for some time. The Brazilian was the first in the world to prove the possibility of regular, controlled flights. Santos Dumont made a public flight on an airplane in Paris on October 23, 1906. It was the first take-off, flying and landing vehicle heavier than air, which, unlike the Wright brothers, did not use catapults, strong winds, launch rails and other external devices. The inventor was against the use of aircraft for military purposes.

***
The first transatlantic non-stop flight was made from the island of Newfoundland (Canada) to Ireland by British pilots John Alkon and Arthur Brown on June 14-15, 1919 in 16 hours and 28 minutes at an average speed of 190 km per hour. The effect of jet air flow in the Northern Hemisphere from west to east was used. In the opposite direction, more time would have been required, and then there were no aircraft with the corresponding resource yet. The first non-stop 36-hour flight across the Atlantic from Europe (Dublin) to North America took place only a decade later in April 1928.

***
Today, the flight across the Atlantic to South America is a matter of routine and requires only patience (up to 14 hours of flight from Paris to Santiago). I first saw the monument to the first airplane (seaplane) and the crew that made the flight from Europe to South America many years ago in Lisbon.

The Portuguese pilots Gago Coutinho and Sacadura Cabral made the first dramatic flight from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro, dedicated to the centenary of Brazil's independence, on a Fairey 17 English seaplane. Airplanes of this type were produced from 1918 to 1941, and took an active part in the Second World War.

During the flight to South America, a new horizon indicator was tested, which allows you to control the position of the aircraft out of sight of the earth or sea surface.

On March 30, 1922, pilots took off from the naval base of Lisbon and reached the Canary Islands (Las Palmas) late in the evening for refueling. On April 5, another throw was made to the Cape Verde Islands (San Vicente), where engine repair was required. On April 17, pilots continued their journey to the rocky uninhabited island of Sao Paulo (St. Peter and Paul). Here, when splashed in a stormy sea, the airplane lost one of the floats and sank. Aviators were rescued by the Portuguese cruiser Republika, who participated in supporting the flight. The cruiser delivered the pilots to the port of the Brazilian island of Fernando de Noronha.

But the saga did not end there. Enthusiastic Brazilians and Portuguese watching the flight forced the government in Lisbon to poison another seaplane to the aviators.

A new plane was delivered to the island and on May 11, the pilots flew ... in the opposite direction to the island of Sao Paulo in order to resume the flight from the crash site. However, engine failure forced them to make an emergency landing in the ocean again. The seaplane again sank successfully, and the British cargo ship picked up the pilots, delivered them back to Fernando de Noronha.

But this time, with the support of the Brazilian government, brave aviators get a third plane, on which they could finish the flight with landings in Recife, Salvador da Bahia and Vitoria. Finally, on June 17, the flight was completed in Rio de Janeiro, where the seaplane landed in Guanabara Bay. Brazil greeted aviators as heroes, and air pioneer Alberto Santos Dumont delivered a welcoming speech at a rally of many thousands on the waterfront. The trip lasted 79 days, of which the actual flight time was 62 hours and 26 minutes. Aviators covered a distance of 8383 kilometers (5209 miles) through the air.

Flight map

***
In 1930, a French pilot Jean Mermose   made the first non-stop flight in history across the South Atlantic.   From French Toulouse he flew to the African port of Saint-Louis (Senegal) located on the Atlantic coast. From here, he carried out a transatlantic flight to Rio de Janeiro from 130 kg of mail on a converted aircraft in 21 hours. In 1936, a pilot with an airplane disappeared on a regular flight over the South Atlantic.

***
Over time, regular passenger flights began from Europe to South America. On July 10, 1962, regular transatlantic flights of the Soviet Aeroflot began to Latin America in Cuba along the route Moscow - Conakry (technical landing) - Havana, and then through the North Pole with an intermediate landing in Murmansk. The specially upgraded Tu-114 accommodated only 60 passengers, but had a large fuel supply. The flight took over 20 hours.

On May 27, 1973, regular flights began to Peru and Chile along the route Moscow - Rabat - Havana - Lima (Peru) - Santiago (Chile). For that time it was the longest passenger airline in the world (18,000 km), travel time - 23 hours. Today they fly from Moscow to South America by connecting flights via Paris, Amsterdam, Istanbul and other aviation hubs.

***
On the air route between Europe and South America on June 1, 2009, one of the largest air crashes occurred. Air France Airbus A330-203 airliner operated flight AF447 on the route Rio de Janeiro - Paris, but 3 hours and 45 minutes after takeoff crashed into the waters of the Atlantic Ocean and completely collapsed. Killed all 228 people on board (12 crew members and 216 passengers). This is the largest crash in the history of Air France and the largest crash of a passenger plane from 2001 until the crash of a Boeing 777 in the Donetsk region (July 17, 2014, 298 fatalities).

The causes of the disaster are the freezing of the Pitot tubes, the subsequent shutdown of the autopilot and the uncoordinated actions of the crew, which led to the stall of the aircraft, which the crew could not get out of. Inconsistency of action, poor preparation and panic of the crew (co-pilot and trainee, who were in the cockpit during the rest of the commander). The commander called out made the right decision and at an altitude of about 600 meters the aircraft began to gain speed, but failed to stop the stall in time. Experts point out flaws in the design of modern aircraft and in the training of crews. Computer systems control the aircraft overwhelming flight time, deprive pilots of direct piloting experience and reduce their preparedness for emergency situations.