The Golden Ring of Old Russian Cities. The Golden Ring of Russia: how many cities does it include? Suzdal - an ancient Russian city-museum under the open sky

The Golden Ring, known among foreigners as the Golden Ring of Russia, is a group of popular tourist routes passing through the ancient Russian cities located on the territories of 6 Central European regions: Moscow, Vladimir, Ivanovo, Kostroma, as well as Tver and Yaroslavl.

The so-called classic Golden Ring is a route of eight points - Vladimir, Ivanovo, Sergiev Posad, Suzdal and. That is it the main cities of the Golden Ring of Russia.

In addition, often when tour operators make excursion trips around the Golden Ring, the routes include other equally interesting places: Alexandrov, Bogolyubovo, Gorokhovets, Gus-Khrustalny, Dmitrov, Kalyazin, Kideksha, Martynovo, Murom, Myshkin, Palekh, Plyos, Rybinsk, Tutaev, Uglich, as well as Yuryev-Polsky, Shuya and others. That is, these are additional cities of the Golden Ring of Russia.

In April 2016, the city of Kaluga was officially included among the cities of the Golden Ring of Russia.

The main thing that unites the first and second lists is that all these cities have unique architectural, historical or cultural sights that reveal the diversity and richness of Russian folk traditions.

Main cities of the Golden Ring

Known for its Trinity-Sergius Lavra, which is considered the largest Orthodox monastery in our country. It is under the protection of UNESCO. Its numerous architectural structures were built by the best architects of the 15th-19th centuries. There are more than 50 buildings of various purposes in the ensemble of the monastery. By the way, it is here that the action of one of the episodes of "Ivan Vasilyevich changing his profession" takes place. In addition, the city has a wonderful Toy Museum, founded in 1918.

In you can see Red Square, several interesting monastic complexes and churches, including the Transfiguration Cathedral, as well as the museum-estate "Botik of Peter the Great", the Museum of Steam Locomotives and the Museum of the Iron. By the way, it is believed that it was in this cathedral that many Pereslavl princes were baptized, among whom was Alexander Nevsky.

Travelers usually visit the Rostov Kremlin Museum-Reserve, as well as beautiful monasteries, including Spaso-Yakovlevsky and Avraamiyev Bogoyavlensky. The wooden and stone buildings of the city (XVIII-XX centuries) are also of great historical value.

In, considered the oldest city on the Volga (1010), tourists can see an outstanding example of the urban policy of Catherine II - the historical center of the city, as well as the Transfiguration Monastery and the beautiful Church of Elijah the Prophet.

It is interesting, first of all, for its historical center with a historical planning structure approved by Catherine II, the basis of which is a ray grid of streets. The main city square is Susaninskaya, with beautiful historical buildings, such as the Fire Tower, the former guardhouse building, and the Trade Rows, occupying a fairly large area. And, of course, the highlight of the Kostroma program is the Ipatiev Monastery.

Tourists usually come to the city of brides with a short sightseeing tour, during which they examine the historical center, where the former merchant houses of the 19th-20th centuries have been preserved, as well as constructivist monuments (30s of the last century of the 20th century), including the House-ship . You can also note the oldest civil brick building of the city - the Shchudrovsky tent (17th century) and the Svyato-Vvedensky Convent.

This is, first of all, the famous Suzdal Kremlin, which is the oldest part of the city (beginning of the 11th century). The earthworks and ditches of the ancient fortress, as well as three churches, a complex of bishops' chambers and the Nativity Cathedral have survived to this day in the Kremlin. In addition, five wonderful monastic complexes are located in Suzdal: Spaso-Evfimiev, Pokrovsky, Alexandrovsky, Rizopolozhensky and Vasilyevsky. As well as many ancient churches, the old Trade Rows and the wonderful Museum of Wooden Architecture.

Well, it completes my main list - the main attractions of which are the fortress Golden Gates, the white stone Assumption and Demetrius Cathedrals and several beautiful churches of the 17th-18th centuries. Noteworthy is the Water Tower. By the way, it is in Vladimir that the strict regime prison, praised by Mikhail Krug, is located - the Vladimir Central.

Additional cities of the Golden Ring of Russia

Along with the classic "eight-point" golden route, there are more advanced ones - their composition depends only on the imagination of tour operators. By the way, many additional cities are no worse than the main ones, that is, they are just as wonderful in terms of landscapes, culture and traditions.

I have already listed an approximate list of additional cities, so I see no reason to duplicate it here. Personally, I would advise you to at least visit:

Bogolyubovo- here the Holy Bogolyubsky Convent and the very picturesque Church of the Intercession on the Nerl are worthy of attention.

Kalyazin– the visiting card of this town is the Troitsko-Makaryevskiy monastery complex, which was flooded during the creation of the Uglich reservoir, with a 60-meter bell tower “floating” on a small island.

It is located near Suzdal, and is famous, first of all, for its white-stone church of Boris and Gleb, included in the UNESCO heritage list. This church was built in the 12th century and is considered the first white stone building in all of northeastern Rus'.

IN Myshkin you can see with your own eyes the exhibits of the only Mouse Museum in the world, as well as visit the Russian Valenki Museum and a rather interesting historical and ethnographic open-air museum with traditional folk buildings. Also, tourists usually visit the Assumption Cathedral and stroll along the boulevard, where beautiful wooden buildings have been preserved.

A beautiful town comfortably located on the high bank of the Volga Plyos- was founded in 1410 and was sung by the brush of Levitan himself, as a mirror of the Russian province and the key to understanding such a mysterious Russian soul.

It is famous for its historical center, in which its main attractions are located - the Uglich Kremlin, the ancient Church of Dmitry on the Blood (1692) and the Transfiguration Cathedral. In addition, there are three monasteries in the city - Voskresensky, Bogoyavlensky and Alekseevsky. Also of interest are civil buildings (merchant estates) and the ensemble of the Torgovaya Square with the Torgovy Rows.

Well, I will complete my list of additional places of the Golden Ring of Russia, the so-called "Pearl on the Volga" - the city. Its churches are picturesquely scattered along the hilly banks of Mother Volga, and it is the local landscape that attracts the attention of tourists coming here.

Useful information on the Golden Ring

Quite often, the starting point for traveling along the Golden Ring is the city of Sergiev Posad, located about 54 km north of Moscow (from the Moscow Ring Road) and being its closest point to the capital city. The most remote point in this group of routes is Kostroma, located 340 km from the capital.

There are many tour operators on the tourist market offering similar tours, but the prices are approximately the same for all, for example, the tour operator Rus - www.rustouroperator.ru, the minimum cost of such a trip starts from 3990 rubles for 2 days with breakfast, and comes to 22,490 rubles for a 7-day trip with three meals a day.

It’s up to you, of course, to decide a lot or a little, but if you live in Moscow or the region and have a car plus a good guide, then it’s probably easier to go along these routes on your own, having previously compiled a detailed trip route so as not to miss anything and understand about visit prices and opening hours of the most important attractions.

You won’t run into a train along the Golden Ring, since the railway connects mainly only regional centers, such as Yaroslavl or Vladimir, and in many small places the stations are often located at a considerable distance from tourist places, which is rather inconvenient.

The term "Golden Ring of Russia" has existed for more than 40 years. It was invented by a certain Soviet writer Yuri Bychkov in 1967 and immediately became a successful tourist brand to attract foreign tourists to the then USSR.

In fact, the Golden Ring is a group of cities concentrated on the territory of Central Russia and representing a certain historical and cultural value. Connected by roads, they form a symbolic circle that has become the personification of the cultural heritage of our country. Moreover, many of its cities and their sights are protected by the UNESCO World Heritage Fund.

Traditionally, the Golden Ring of Russia includes eight cities - Vladimir, Ivanovo, Kostroma, Pereslavl-Zalessky, Rostov, Sergiev Posad, Suzdal and Yaroslavl. All of them are located on the territory of six regions - Vladimir, Ivanovo, Kostroma, Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod and Yaroslavl. In addition to the main list of cities, there is another, the so-called discussion list, which already includes more than 20 settlements. Visiting these places depends on the chosen tourist route and, as a rule, is determined by the organizing company.

The Golden Ring of Russia includes: the city of Aleksandrov, the village of Bogolyubovo, the city of Gorokhovets, the city of Gus-Khrustalny, with. Kideksha, Moscow, Murom, Palekh, Plyos, Rybinsk, Tutaev, Uglich, Yuryev-Polsky, Shuya and a number of other cities, villages and settlements. The generally recognized capital of the Golden Ring of Russia is Vladimir. With it, we will begin a brief overview of the main cities of the Golden Ring of Russia tourist route.

Vladimir - the pearl of the Golden Ring

The pearl of the Golden Ring of Russia and one of the most ancient Russian cities, of course, Vladimir. The city is located 193 km from Moscow on the banks of the Klyazma River. In the 12th century, Vladimir was the capital of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality, but over time it lost its significance and, during the growth of the Muscovite state, even acquired the status of a provincial town. Today Vladimir is a large industrial and cultural center of the central part of Russia with a population of about 340,000 inhabitants.

The city impresses with its pristine beauty and architectural monuments that have survived to this day, in particular, numerous golden-domed temples and pointed wooden towers. The sights of Vladimir also delight with their diversity and uniqueness.

Among them: the Golden Gate built in 1164, which at one time decorated the main entrance to the richest and noblest princely-boyar part of the city; Assumption Cathedral - a monument of Russian architecture of the 12th century, painted by Andrei Rublev, an Orthodox church and at the same time a state museum; Dmitrievsky Cathedral, the walls of which are decorated with white stone carvings, with images of people and animals, and much more.

Suzdal

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The most interesting tourist route and visiting card of our Motherland. Every year, the cities of the Golden Ring of Russia are visited by almost twenty million domestic and foreign tourists. The Golden Ring of Russia unites the most interesting extensive network of tourist routes that permeates ancient Russian cities and small settlements, famous for their stunning ancient architectural monuments, as well as developed centers of applied art.

In its length, the route of the Russian Golden Ring occupies a thousand kilometers and covers several regions. It must be said that the list of ancient cities of Russia, included in the Golden Ring, varies, as the "Big" and "Small" Golden Rings stand out. The most popular tour is a visit to the "Small Golden Ring of Russia", which involves getting to know the cities: Vladimir, Ivanovo, Kostroma, Pereslavl-Zalessky, Rostov Veliky, Sergiev Posad, Suzdal, Yaroslavl. But, if you have a lot of time and enough finances in reserve, then we recommend a trip to the cities of the "Big Golden Ring of Russia": Alexandrov, Bogolyubovo, Gorokhovets, Gus-Khrustalny, Dmitrov, Kalyazin, Murom, Myshkin, Palekh, Ples, Rybinsk, Tutaev , Uglich, Yuriev-Polsky, Shuya, Kasimov. It is worth clarifying that there are no random cities here, they all have a rich history that goes back almost a thousand years. It is also surprising that the historical centers of these ancient cities have been preserved almost unchanged and delight tourists with stunning sights, the traditions of ancient applied arts, craftsmanship and production have been preserved there.

Cities included in the "Small Golden Ring of Russia"

– the fortress-settlement was founded by Vladimir Monomakh in the tenth century, the City became the capital of the Vladimir principality, and after becoming part of the Moscow principality and until the sixteenth century it was the residence of the metropolitans of Rus'. The most important architectural monuments of Vladimir are the white-stone buildings of the historical part of the city, perfectly preserved from the twelfth century - the Cathedral of the Assumption, the Cathedral of St. Demetrius, the Golden Gate. The historical and architectural sights of the nineteenth-twentieth centuries are very remarkable - the Trinity Church, the Water Tower, the building of the City Duma and the Art Museum, the Patriarchal Gardens are also interesting.

- Another historical settlement of the Russian Golden Ring, which appeared in the second half of the nineteenth century by order of Emperor Alexander II. Ivanovo has become the main historical center for the production of fabrics in our country, and therefore entered the list of cities of the Small Golden Ring. There are no ancient sights, acquaintance with Ivanovo consists in visiting the central streets, where museums are located, as well as squares with monuments. In recent years, churches and temples have been restored here. The attention of tourists is worth: the Vvedensky Monastery, the wooden Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, the Transfiguration Cathedral, the Temple of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, the Church of the Holy Apostle and Evangelist John the Theologian, the Church of the Prophet Elijah, the Chapel of the Icon of the Mother of God "Hodegetria", and you should definitely take a walk along Ivanovsky zoological garden.

- a large ancient city on the Volga, founded back in 1152 by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky, and from the moment of its formation it became famous for linen production and birch bark, and later became the jewelry capital of Russia. In the historical center of Kostroma, tourists can admire delightful examples of classical architecture, buildings of the sixteenth century, wooden buildings of Russian craftsmen and magnificent monasteries of the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries. Of the important tourist attractions in Kostroma, you should definitely see: the Holy Trinity Ipatiev Monastery, with unique examples of fresco painting and icon art of Rus', the Epiphany-Anastasiin Monastery, with a revered Russian shrine - the Feodorovskaya Icon of the Mother of God, the magnificent Fire Tower, the historical ensemble of the Torgovy Ryads - Gostiny Dvor, Guardhouse, Office building. Be sure to visit the local jewelry factory, the Museum of Wooden Architecture, take a walk around the Kologrivskaya floodplain nature reserve and the Sumarokovskaya moose farm.

- the ancient settlement was founded in 1152 by Yuri Dolgoruky on the shore of Lake Pleshcheyevo to become a guard post on the borders of the principality. Since ancient times, earthen ramparts have stood in the city. Of the architectural, historical, religious and cultural attractions, tourists visit: the Transfiguration Cathedral and St. Nicholas Monastery, buildings of the twelfth century, the Assumption Goritsky Monastery, formed under Ivan the Terrible, the Nikitsky Monastery and the Holy Trinity Danilovsky Monastery, buildings of the sixteenth century, the Museum- the estate "Boat of Peter I", the Museum of Steam Locomotives, the Museum of the Teapot, the Museum of the Iron, make a wish at the Blue Stone.

- the oldest settlement of Rus', included in the Golden Ring, officially mentioned in the "Tale of Bygone Years" in 862. The city was ruled by the first prince Yaroslav the Wise. Rostov the Great has been the revered spiritual center of Rus' for many centuries, as well as its most beautiful settlement with a large number of monasteries that tourists must visit: the Epiphany Abraham's Monastery, the Trinity-Sergius Varnitsky Monastery, the Nativity of the Mother of God Monastery, the Borisoglebsky Monastery, the Spaso-Yakovlevsky Dimitriev Monastery . But the main visiting card is the Rostov Kremlin, where there are five temples, including the Assumption Cathedral, a number of residential buildings surrounded by fortress walls. It is interesting to visit the Lukova Sloboda Museum, the Enamel Museum and the gallery, the Museum of the Frog Princess.

- the ancient city of the Golden Ring of Russia, fifty kilometers from Moscow, named so in 1872 in honor of the Russian saint Sergius of Radonezh, who founded a skete with a modest wooden church on these lands in the fourteenth century, which over several centuries grew into the largest monastery in Russia, and later surrounded by residential areas.

Sergiev Posad is famous for its numerous miraculous springs and their baths. Of the sights of the ancient city, tourists must visit: the Holy Trinity Sergius Lavra - a UNESCO monument; Krasnogorskaya Square, where there are numerous monuments of architecture and history; Museum complex "Horse Yard"; Sergiev Posad Museum-Reserve; Toy Museum and Peasant Life Museum; Ethnographic park "Nomads".

- a settlement first mentioned in the eleventh century. Suzdal entered the Golden Ring of Russia as "a city of temples, monasteries and museums." The ancient city-reserve is famous for its numerous monuments of history and architecture. Acquaintance of tourists with Suzdal begins with a visit to the Kremlin ramparts, poured at the end of the eleventh century by order of Vladimir Monomakh. Of interest is the Suzdal Kremlin; Intercession Monastery, fourteenth century, where aristocratic women were exiled; Rizopolozhensky Monastery; Vasilyevsky Monastery and Alexander Monastery, built in the thirteenth century; Mother of God-Nativity Cathedral; the Church of the Resurrection at the Market and the magnificent winter Kazan Church; Church of Elijah the Prophet, built on the site of an ancient temple of the pagans; ancient Assumption Church. In addition, tourists must visit: Pushkarskaya Sloboda; Trade area of ​​Suzdal; Posad house; Gostiny Dvor. Of the museums that help to feel the atmosphere of antiquity, we recommend the Shchurovo Settlement Museum; Museum of Wooden Architecture in Suzdal.

- a Volga settlement founded at the beginning of the eleventh century by Prince Yaroslav the Wise, and a century later became a large princely city, thanks to the passage of trade routes through it. The historical center of the ancient city of the Golden Ring of Russia - Yaroslavl was included in the list of UNESCO protected sites. The most visited tourist attractions are: the stunning ensemble of the Transfiguration Monastery of the Savior; Holy Vvedensky Tolga Convent, which has already passed seven centuries; Kazan convent, seventeenth century; the thousand-year-old Ilyinsky-Tikhonovskaya Church, standing on the legendary place where Yaroslav the Wise killed a bear; the majestic ensemble of the Kirillo-Afanasevsky Monastery; the amazing Church of St. Nicholas the Wet and the Church of the Tikhvin Icon of the Mother of God; Church of John the Baptist, located in Yaroslavl on the territory of Tolchkovskaya Sloboda and drawn on a banknote of a thousand rubles. From the historical places of the city it is worth visiting: in the Metropolitan Chambers; Znamenskaya Tower, built in the thirteenth century; at the Aleshino Podvorye Museum-Theatre, where you will get acquainted with the folklore, traditions of Rus', with a charming provincial flavor. Tourists with children can visit the local planetarium and an excellent dolphinarium.

Cities included in the "Big Golden Ring of Russia"

- a small settlement of the Vladimir region, whose history is connected with Ivan the Terrible, whose residence was located here, in the "Alexandrovskaya Sloboda" - the unspoken capital of Rus' and the heart of the oprichnina. For seventeen years the tsar ruled Russia from here, and it was here that he killed his son. But not only as a “bloody city” Alexandrov went down in history, because famous icon painters, great architects lived and worked here, the first provincial printing press, the first conservatory in the country, appeared. Tourists should visit: Alexandrovskaya Sloboda and the Alexander Kremlin; Church of Seraphim of Sarov, where part of his relics is kept; Cathedral of the Nativity of Christ, seventeenth century. Visit the estate of the merchant Pervushin, the interesting Museum of Man-Made Stone, exhibitions of the Art Museum.

A suburb of Vladimir, a settlement that was founded by Andrei Bogolyubsky in the twelfth century after the miraculous appearance of the Virgin Mary to him. Bogolyubovo, which is part of the Golden Ring of Russia, is visited by many tourists, pilgrims, in order to see iconic historical sites, stunning objects of religion and architecture.

You should definitely come to the Holy Bogolyubsky Convent, where the castle of Prince Andrei Bogolyubsky was erected, monastic buildings are located here, and nearby stands the magnificent Church of the Intercession on the Nerl - an outstanding monument of Vladimir-Suzdal architecture. You need to get acquainted with the Chambers of Andrei Bogolyubsky, who was killed here by conspirators. Be sure to visit the Chapel "God-bearing source".

- a small settlement of the Vladimir region on the Klyazma River, so named because no one knows the exact date of its foundation, and they say that it was under Tsar Pea. It is known that by the twelfth century Gorokhovets flourished and was a major trade and merchant center. Gorokhovets is included in the Golden Ring of Russia as a unique center of Russian wooden architecture. Of the sights of tourists will be interested in: St. Nicholas Monastery on Puzhalova Hill, built in the seventeenth century; Sretensky monastery in the city center; Annunciation Monastery, eighteenth century. You should definitely admire the unusual wooden houses, decorated with intricate Gorokhovets blank carvings, of the late nineteenth - early twentieth centuries, with Art Nouveau decor, in the form of turrets, architraves, weathercocks: Prishletsov's House and Morozov's House on Lenin Street. It is worth visiting the stone merchant's chambers: the three-storey house-estate of the merchant Semyon Yershov; the beautiful house of the merchant Matvey Oparin; as well as Oznobishin's house; house of Kanonnikov; Shiryaev's house.

- a merchant settlement appeared on the Meshchersky lands of the Vladimir region in the eighteenth century. The merchants Maltsovs opened here the production of crystal on the Gus River. This most famous crystal factory in Russia was closed in 2011 due to the crisis, but today it is back in operation and supplies products to many countries of the world. The Crystal Museum attracts many tourists to this city, which is part of the Big Golden Ring of Russia. Here are unique exhibits made of crystal. Georgievsky Cathedral of Gus-Khrustalny is a magnificent architectural monument designed by architect L.N. Benois and painted by artist V.M. Vasnetsov. Benois also created the magnificent building of the Almshouse, where the city administration is now located.

- an ancient settlement near Moscow, founded in 1154 by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky in the middle of the swampy river valley of Yakhroma. The prince ordered the construction of a fortress, which partially stands to this day. Tourists who come to this city of the Golden Ring begin to get acquainted with it from a visit to the Dmitrovsky Kremlin - a unique monument of Russian architecture. It is worth visiting the Borisoglebsky Monastery with the ancient temple of Boris and Gleb, of the sixteenth century, decorated with amazing paintings and owning a piece of the Holy Cross - its main relic. Go to the ramparts of the "Tsar-tank", to the Chapel of the Holy Spirit, the Consecrated Water Chapel.

- "Russian Atlantis" of the Tver region, which is part of the Golden Ring of Russia. The settlement appeared in the fifteenth century as a settlement of the Kalyazinsky monastery. There are no ancient sights in the city, only a bell tower rising from the river waters after the flooding of the old part of the city of Kalyazin due to the creation of a dam. Under water were houses, monasteries, cemeteries. It is said that some Old Believers did not leave their homes, deciding to be flooded along with them. Excursion boats set off from the shore to the bell tower. An artificial island was made around the bell tower and restoration of the building began. At night, locals hear a quiet bell ringing over the river, they say that the holy place mourns the past. In Kalyazin there is a large center of Russian space communications, there is a huge powerful radio telescope.

- was founded in 862 as a border fortress, and the adjacent village of Karacharovo is the birthplace of the hero Ilya Muromets. The city of Murom, which is part of the Golden Ring of Russia, is a place of pilgrimage to the relics of Saints Peter and Fevronia, which are kept in the Trinity Cathedral of the Holy Trinity Convent. Of the main attractions of Murom, tourists visit: the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery, buildings of the eleventh century; Annunciation Monastery with relics - the relics of the noble princes Konstantin, Mikhail, Fedor, icons of St. Ilya, St. Peter and Fevronia of Murom; Smolensk and Nikolsk churches.

- a small settlement of the Yaroslavl region on the banks of the Volga was officially mentioned in written sources in 1605. This is a surprisingly friendly city of the Golden Ring of Russia, allowing the tourist to immerse himself in the days of pre-revolutionary merchants with beautiful patterned wooden houses decorated with carvings. Tourists should see the Assumption Cathedral and Nikolsky Cathedral, the nineteenth century; the estate of Timofey Vasilyevich Chistov with the most beautiful mansion in the city, built in the nineteenth century; Gallery of dolls and doll miniatures, "Museum of the mouse", "Museum of felt boots", "Museum of vodka of Peter Smirnov", Museum "Miller's House".

- a settlement in the Ivanovo region appeared in the seventeenth century as the patrimony of the Paleusky princes. The city, included in the Golden Ring of Russia, is known as the center of Russian icon painting and the craftsmanship of creating lacquer miniatures. The main attraction of Palekh is the "State Museum of Palekh Art", where you can see magnificent exhibits: caskets, panels, powder boxes, caskets created by local craftsmen. The city has places worth visiting for tourists: the Temple of Elijah the Prophet and the Exaltation of the Cross Church, built in the eighteenth century; workshop "Palekh iconostasis".

- a small settlement of the Ivanovo region on the banks of the Volga, glorified by the canvases of the artist Levitan. Local monuments of history, architecture and culture are worth visiting for tourists: the Cathedral of the Assumption and the wooden Church of the Resurrection, built in the seventeenth century; Church of the Resurrection of Christ, Trinity Church, Vvedenskaya Church, Church of St. Barbara, built in the nineteenth century.

From the museums, go to: "Plyos State Historical, Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve", it includes the Levitan House-Museum, the Museum of Landscape; and also in the “Museum Center “Russian House”, which includes expositions: “Museum of the Old Russian Family” and “Parking of the Stone Age”.

- a settlement in the Yaroslavl region on the banks of the Rybinsk reservoir, part of the Golden Ring of Russia. This is a well-known fishing and hunting center, where historical commercial and industrial facilities are located. Tourists should visit: "The State Historical, Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve"; "House of Artists"; "Museum of the Mologa region"; museum "Ust-Sheksna"; The old grain exchange; Fire tower. It is worth going to the Church of the Resurrection and St. George, the Gothic Polish church "Heart of Jesus".

- this settlement has another name - Romanov-Borisoglebsk on the Volga. It was erected in the fourteenth century by Prince Roman Yaroslavsky on seven hills. Now Tutaev has entered the list of cities of the Golden Ring of our country and attracts tourists with interesting sights and well-preserved temples: in the Borisoglebskaya Sloboda in the seventeenth century, a magnificent stone church of the Resurrection of Christ was erected. In the cathedral there is an icon of the All-Merciful Savior, three meters high - this miraculous icon was painted in the fifteenth century by St. Dionysius Glushitsky. Under it, it is customary to crawl three times on your knees in order to receive forgiveness of sins and healing, especially from diseases of the legs, spine, for physical healing and spiritual harmony. Nearby is the holy spring of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. In the Intercession Church of Tutaev, the miraculous icon “Addition of the Mind” is kept, which helps with nervous and mental disorders, they pray to her for successful study. There is also in Tutaev: Trinity Church; Savior Archangel Church; Holy Cross Cathedral; Kazan Transfiguration Church; Church of the Resurrection; Church of the Annunciation.

- was erected in 947 by Jan Pleskovich on the banks of the Volga River, but the first mention of it in the Ipatiev Chronicle dates back to the twelfth century. The city belongs to the Yaroslavl region and is famous for its wonderful landscapes, many historical and architectural sights, which is why it was included in the Golden Ring of Russia, and it is also the cradle of the royal Romanov dynasty. Tourists must visit: the Uglich Kremlin, on the territory of which stands the magnificent Transfiguration Cathedral with a bell tower, the Church of Tsarevich Dmitry - on the blood, and the prince's chambers are located; Alekseevsky, Resurrection and Epiphany monasteries; Kazan and Korsun churches; House-museum "Legends of Uglich", "Museum of the history of Uglich", "Museum of urban life", "Museum of myths and superstitions of the Russian people", "Museum of Russian vodka".

- was founded in 1152 by Yuri Dolgoruky and is included in the list of cities of the Russian Golden Ring, almost all tourist routes go through it. The city is famous for its many attractions: St. George's Cathedral, which has eight centuries; Michael the Archangel Monastery, which was also built in the thirteenth century; the most beautiful Nikitskaya Church and the Church of the Nativity of Christ; the estate of the Golitsyn princely family in the village of Sima, in the vicinity of the city.

- arose in 1403, as the patrimony of the princes Shuisky. The city belongs to the Ivanovo region, it is included in the Golden Ring list for having preserved the merchant provincial charm and many historical sights: a beautiful architectural ensemble, including the nineteenth century Trading Rows, the Resurrection Cathedral, with a hundred and six-meter bell tower - the symbol of Shuya, the Church of the Intercession, wooden gateways; Manor of the manufacturer Pavlov; remnants of a sixteenth-century prison castle, as well as the Church of Peter and Paul, the Cathedral of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker.

- was founded by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky in 1152. This ancient settlement of the Ryazan region was included in the list of cities of the Golden Ring of Russia, as a place of intersection of two cultures - Tatar and Russian, and due to the large number of historical and national cultural monuments. For some time the city of Kasimov was the capital of the Kasimov Tatar Khanate, since that period the mosques of the city peacefully coexist with Orthodox churches. Tourists should visit: Cathedral Square, where the main attractions are concentrated - Trading Rows, the Nastavins' House, the Alyanchikovs' House, the Ascension Cathedral, the Annunciation and Assumption Churches; go to the Embankment, where the House of the Barkovs, the House of the Shishkins, the Manor of the merchants Kostrovs are located. You can see the mosques, there are four of them: the Old Mosque, the New Mosque, the mausoleum of Shah Ali Khan, the mausoleum of Magan Muhammad Sultan. Be sure to go to the Orthodox churches of the city: the Church of the Epiphany or St. George, as well as St. Nicholas, Annunciation, Assumption, Trinity, Elias churches.

Traveling along the route of the Golden Ring of Russia and visiting all its cities, you will touch the history, traditions, culture of our great country, you will be able to broaden your horizons by getting acquainted with our great heritage. This route will be especially interesting for believing tourists who will go on a pilgrimage through Russian monasteries, pray to the miraculous icons and relics of the martyrs. And yet, you will see how diverse and magnificent Russian nature is.

You can go on a tour of the Golden Ring of Russia, both by purchasing an excursion at a travel agency, and by compiling your own itinerary. You can travel around the cities of the Golden Ring at any time of the year. You just need to take into account that in the summer there will be more people who want to see the unique cities of Russia, and in the winter there will be fewer tourists, which means that it will be possible to see all the sights without haste. By the way, in order to get acquainted with the color of folk traditions, it is worth going on a trip in winter: the most interesting folk festivals in ancient cities are held on New Year's and Christmas holidays, as well as on Maslenitsa. You will be treated to Russian pancakes, mead for Maslenitsa, ride a sleigh, have fun with songs, dances, round dances, and delight with fairs. In the summer, no less cheerful folk festivities await tourists in the cities of the Golden Ring: on the night of Ivan Kupala, heroic competitions in the city of Vladimir, there are also more modern events - the aeronauts festival in Yaroslavl, the cucumber festival in Suzdal.

You can buy excursions in various travel agencies that sell them with departure from any major cities in Russia, most often such tours are bus tours. As for prices, a tour of the Golden Ring from Moscow will be cheaper, but it depends on the bus route, as well as the duration of the trip and varies: for three days - up to ten thousand rubles; for five days - up to fifteen thousand rubles; from six days - up to twenty-five thousand rubles; from ten days - from thirty-eight thousand rubles. On a motor ship from Moscow, an excursion tour will cost: from three days - from seven thousand rubles, from twelve days - up to sixty thousand rubles; for sixteen days - up to one hundred thousand rubles. And many, in order to save money, recover on their own by car.

The name "Golden Ring" was given to the largest network of tourist routes in Russia, which pass through several ancient cities of the country. In large and small settlements, a huge number of historical and architectural monuments, museums, craft centers of applied folk art are concentrated. Such a peculiar name was coined by the correspondent Yuri Bychkov, who specializes in writing essays for travelers who want to get to know Russia better.

What is the "Golden Ring of Russia"

There has never been an officially approved list of cities and sights included in the Golden Ring. It is believed that the main areas where the route passes are: Moscow, Tver, Vladimir, Kostroma, Yaroslavl, Ivanovskaya. At the same time, the list is periodically updated with new names and today the small "Golden Ring" includes:

• Vladimir;
• Ivanovo;
• Rostov the Great;
• Suzdal;
• Kostroma;
• Sergiev Posad;
• Pereslavl-Zalessky;
• Yaroslavl.

In addition to the main cities, the big Golden Ring also includes:

• Bogolyubovo;
• Kasimov;
• Alexandrov;
• Gus-Khrustalny;
• Ples;
• Uglich;
• Dmitrov;
• Rybinsk;
• Gorokhovets;
• Kalyazin;
• Myshkin;
• Tutaev;
• Moore;
• Yuryev-Polsky;
• Palekh.

In this list, each of the cities was not accidental, since they all have a thousand-year history, documented and preserved most of their attractions almost in their original form. The honorary title of the "Golden Ring" was also given to places where traditional Russian crafts were forged for a long time, including the production of products from flax and birch bark, jewelry, wooden architecture and others.

Small "Golden Ring" and its attractions

Vladimir

The city, founded by Vladimir Monomakh in 990, until the 16th century was the main residence of Russian metropolitans and the capital of the central part of the state. According to the chronicles, Vladimir is the second oldest in the list of the Golden Ring and was originally built as a defensive fortress. Today on the territory of Vladimir you can see the remains of temples, buildings and a stone citadel, which are more than seven centuries old. The most attractive sights of the city are the famous Golden Gates, Dmitrievsky and Assumption Cathedrals and the Patriarchal Gardens. Read more about the best attractions in Vladimir.

Ivanovo

The city was founded on August 2, 1871. The settlement was formed by order of Tsar Alexander II by the merger of Voznesensky Posad and the village of Ivanovo. As a result, a countyless city was formed, which today is considered part of the Golden Ring. Ivanovo is famous for its textile production, and local linen and chintz fabrics have become famous far beyond the borders of the country. Historians claim that Finno-Ugric tribes lived in this area as early as the ninth century. The most popular tourist attraction in the city is the local Zoo.

Rostov the Great

The city is considered a diamond in the setting of the "Golden Ring". Rostov the Great has been celebrating its birthday for more than eleven centuries, and for the first time its name was mentioned in chronicles in 862. Rostov has long been the spiritual center of the Russian lands and for more than 500 years was considered the most beautiful, cultural and developed in the country, for which he was given the prefix "Great". If you manage to visit here, be sure to visit the one-of-a-kind Rostov Kremlin.

Suzdal

For the first time the name of the city was mentioned in the "Tale of Bygone Years", in the XI century, since then the number of temples, monasteries, cathedrals, sketes and churches in Suzdal has increased exponentially every year. Local attractions are the hallmark of Russia and are featured on the pages of popular print media. The most interesting places to visit are the Pokrovsky Monastery, the Suzdal Kremlin, the Mother of God-Nativity Cathedral and Pushkarskaya Sloboda.

Kostroma

The cozy and quiet Volga city amazes with its original beauty of everyone who was lucky enough to visit here. Kostroma has been known since the beginning of the 12th century as a center for linen and birch bark production. The modern city can boast of many objects that have come down to us in excellent condition. On the streets of Kostroma, you can see both buildings built according to classical designs of the 16th century, as well as examples of Russian architecture, monasteries of the 16th-19th centuries. Today, more than three dozen jewelry factories operate in Kostroma, so it is not surprising that the city bears the title of the jewelry capital of the country. The most popular excursion sites are the Ipatiev Monastery, the moose farm, the zoo, the Museum of Wooden Architecture and the jewelry factory.

Sergiev Posad

The closest settlement to the capital of Russia from all the "golden" cities. Sergiev Posad got its name in honor of the righteous man revered in Rus' - Sergius of Radonezh, who became the founder of one of the first monastic cloisters in the country on these lands. The skete was located in a magnificent temple, built entirely of wood, and a little later received an uncountable number of monks within its walls and became the largest male monastery. These places are so saturated with holiness that almost every spring in Sergiev Posad is healing. It will also be interesting to visit the museum, among the exhibits of which are a wide range of national Russian toys of all times and the Trinity-Sergius Lavra.

Bogolyubovo

A small village located in the vicinity of Vladimir is known for the fact that one of the most revered Russian shrines is located here - the church with the sonorous name of the Intercession on the Nerl. The name of the settlement was given by the name of Andrei Bogolyubsky, who was killed here. Since those times, the princely chambers, the remains of fortresses with ramparts, moats and towers, the date of construction of which dates back to the 12th century, have been preserved. Tourists are most often offered to see another attraction - the Holy Bogolyubsky Convent.

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Kasimov

It is considered one of the most ancient cities in the Ryazan region and is famous for its numerous monuments of architecture and history. Kasimov was founded in 1152, the original name was Gorodets Meshchersky. Countless times the settlement was destroyed and plundered, but invariably restored by local residents. Curious for viewing will be a museum dedicated to the Russian samovar, a mosque, Cathedral Square.

Alexandrov

The old name is Aleksandrovskaya Sloboda. Contemporaries know this settlement as the residence of the great and terrible Tsar Ivan the Terrible, where he killed his heir in a rage, after which he left the city and never returned here. Over time, the settlement grew larger and turned into Alexandrov, which today is part of the Vladimir region. And to this day on the streets of the city you can meet amazing witnesses of that time: palaces, merchant estates and objects erected under various rulers. The most famous is the local Kremlin and the monument to Alexander Nevsky.

Gus-Khrustalny

The city was founded in the 18th century by the famous Maltsov dynasty of merchants, who for a long time cherished the dream of creating a high-quality crystal production on the Gus River. Gradually, Gus-Khrustalny became more and more, its borders expanded and glass factories were built everywhere, which you can visit now. The modern name of glass products “Gus-Khrustalny” has become a recognizable brand in Russia, and you can get acquainted with the works of local craftsmen in the Crystal Museum.

Plyos

Nowhere else in Russia can you find such bewitching river landscapes as here. Most of the paintings of the famous Levitan were painted on these shores, Ilya Repin came here for inspiration. And today many of our compatriots and foreign guests come to admire the magnificent pictures of Russian nature.

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Uglich

In the Ipatiev Chronicle, Uglich was mentioned as early as the 12th century. The small and compact town is famous for its picturesque landscapes and numerous buildings that have been preserved in perfect condition. Once in these places, the Rurik clan found its last refuge, giving way to the Romanov dynasty. You can visit the Epiphany and Alekseevsky monasteries in Uglich.

Shuya

The main sightseeing object of the town is the wooden Resurrection Cathedral with a bell tower 106 meters high. In addition to the temple, you can visit a dozen ancient churches and the ruins of a prison castle built in the 16th century.

Dmitrov

A fortress was built on the site of modern Dmitrov in the 12th century, which was founded by Yuri Dolgoruky. Since then, many events have taken place in the city, one of which was the successful conduct of Operation Typhoon, designed to stop the Nazi invaders on the outskirts of the capital. Guides recommend visiting the majestic Dmitrovsky Kremlin and the elegant Borisoglebsky Monastery.

Rybinsk

It is located on the banks of the large Rybinsk reservoir and is known as a fishing and hunting center. Rybinsk has a deep layer of industrial and commercial heritage, and only here you can see the old hunting grounds, gostiny yards, exchanges, breweries, barns, a fire tower, as well as the Transfiguration Cathedral.

Gorokhovets

Almost from the day of its foundation, Gorokhovets became a center of trade. Goods from all over the region flocked here, and Vladimir merchants considered it an honor to bring their products here. Today Gorokhovets is a center of uniquely beautiful wooden Russian architecture, and the magnificent Kazan Church of the 18th century, made in white and blue colors, is considered the central object.

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Kalyazin

First, a monastery arose on this site, then a suburb began to settle in, and the XV century is considered the official foundation of Klyazin. The only attraction of the town is the flooded bell tower, around which in 1940, as a result of a technological tragedy, a large reservoir was formed.

Myshkin

A classic Russian city with wooden buildings decorated with carvings and patterns. The houses in Myshkin resemble toys, and the art of the craftsmen who created attractive shutters and fences shakes modern man to the core. The provincial simplicity and outlandish appearance of the city annually attracts crowds of tourists here, and the Mouse Museum is considered the most curious attraction.

Tutaev

The town is located in the Volga region and is famous for the well-preserved temple complex here. The attraction is located on seven hills and therefore looks quite unusual. Tutaev is known for the Resurrection Cathedral and for his sheepskin souvenirs. Local leather workers have long been making fleece, from which fur coats were sewn all over Russia.

Murom

For the first time, the city of Murom was mentioned in the story of bygone years. According to legend, it was in this city that the Russian hero Ilya Muromets was born, who defended the Oka from the bloodthirsty Polovtsy. During the reign of Catherine, Murom became a thriving trading center, where merchants brought their goods and sold them at numerous fairs. Orthodox Christians know Murom as the city where the relics of two righteous people, Peter and Fevronya, are kept. Today you can visit the existing monasteries here - Resurrection, Annunciation and Spaso-Preobrazhensky.

Yuryev-Polsky

It was also founded by Yuri Dolgorukov, who created powerful fortifications on the banks of seven-meter walls and huge ramparts. The defensive structure has survived to this day, and outside the fortress, a town began to gradually develop, which became famous after the stay of the Golitsyn dynasty here. The city has many interesting sights, including St. George's Cathedral, the prince's estate.

Palekh

It is considered the cradle of Russian icon painting and lacquer miniature craftsmanship. Bright and colorful boxes, caskets, painted trays, cutlery, powder boxes and chests, which are kept in the best museums and private collections around the world, are famous all over the world. It is almost impossible to leave Palekh without a fancy souvenir.

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I believe that the best way to understand our country is to drive along the famous Golden Ring of Russia. Here you can not only see the places where history was made, but also touch the life and art of the past, awaken the long-forgotten genes of a Russian person.

In this article, I will try to explain why the Golden Ring is called the Golden Ring, which cities are included in it, give a brief overview of each city, explain how the small ring differs from the large one, and talk about the sights and ways to travel along the route.

Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery, Yaroslavl

The Golden Ring of Russia - tourist routes through the ancient Russian cities, with unique monuments of the history and culture of Russia, centers of folk crafts.

The term "Golden Ring" became popular back in the 1960s thanks to journalist Yuri Bychkov, who published a number of articles about ancient Russian settlements around the capital in the newspaper "Soviet Russia".

There is another ancient and very melodic-sounding name for these lands - Zalesye. In ancient times, the Vladimir-Suzdal principality was located here. Rus' began in Kyiv, and the Vladimir-Suzdal lands were located behind the dense forests (in relation to the Dnieper), from here the name Zalesye came.

Currently, tourist routes around the cities of the Golden Ring of Russia are very popular. At the same time, they are in demand not only in our country, but also among foreigners. Residents of America, Europe and Asia dream of driving around the cities of the Golden Ring, getting to know their sights and the rich history of these places.

In addition to the Golden Ring, there is also the Silver Ring of Russia and the Big Ural Ring.

Where is?

The Golden Ring of Russia is located in the Central Federal District of Russia and includes 6 regions:

• Moscow;
• Vladimirskaya;
• Kostroma;

• Tverskaya;
• Ivanovskaya;
• Yaroslavskaya.

List of cities

small ring

List of all cities of the small Golden Ring of Russia and their photos:

Sergiev Posad

Kostroma

Pereslavl-Zelessky

Ivanovo

Rostov

Suzdal

Yaroslavl

Vladimir

On August 17, 2017, these cities signed an agreement on the creation of the Union of Cities of the Golden Ring of Russia.

big ring

How many cities are included in the Big Ring depends on the guide that describes the route. Usually the list includes about 20 pieces. Cities other than those listed above:

Is Moscow included in the Golden Ring of Russia?

Yes, many guidebooks include the capital in an extended list of cities.

On the map, the route looks like this (red indicates the route along the small ring, yellow - along the large one):

Attractions

Each city of the Golden Ring is a concentration of unique priceless monuments of history and art.

The architectural sights of the Golden Ring are the city fortifications, the Kremlin, and numerous monastic ensembles, and the first stone cathedrals of Rus', massive and heavy, and examples of the later Romanesque style of temple construction, as well as the architecture of the Petrine era - noble estates with a touch of antique style.

Driving along the route of the Golden Ring, you can see the greatest works of ancient Russian painting, which are stored in the temples and monasteries of cities in the form of frescoes, icons and wall paintings.

Examples of ancient folk art have also been preserved here - ancient Russian jewelry, wood and bone products, various types of lace and weaving.

Another attraction of the cities of the Golden Ring is their atmosphere and lifestyle. There is no hustle and bustle of big cities. You can fully enjoy the silence and peaceful tranquility, which is mostly created by the almost reserved local nature, whose picturesqueness fascinates no less than monumental architecture or majestic painting.

What to see:

• Sergiev Posad- a beautiful ensemble of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, the iconostasis of the Trinity Cathedral with icons by Andrey Rublev.
• Pereslavl-Zalessky- several monasteries, many churches, a boat of Peter I (after all, it was in Pereslavl that the Russian navy was born).
• Rostov the Great- Rostov Kremlin, the famous belfry.
• Yaroslavl- The Transfiguration Monastery, the Volga embankment, a variety of churches, museums, beautiful buildings in the central part of the city.
• Kostroma- Ipatiev Monastery, Epiphany-Anastasinsky Monastery, Torgovy Ryad complex.
• Ivanovo- architectural monuments of the era of constructivism (30s of the XX century) - house-ship, horseshoe house, museums.
• Suzdal- The Suzdal Kremlin, wonderful monastic ensembles, quiet streets that have preserved the atmosphere of the ancient city.
• Vladimir- Golden Gates, Assumption and Demetrius Cathedrals.

Which route to choose?

The Golden Ring is an itinerary for travel at any time of the year, which is designed for an average of 14–16 days, provided that each city is given 2 days. If you plan to visit more than eight major cities, then you should increase the duration of the tour. Only in this case, you can fully enjoy the route and understand its essence.

Distance between cities of the Small Golden Ring in the table:

There are more compact routes that make it possible to join Russian history in 7, 5 or even 3 days, which you can learn about from this article.

Map of cities:

Where to live?

Fortunately, the days when a trip to the Russian outback was invariably fraught with difficulties in finding a suitable hotel (more precisely, with a complete lack of decent housing options) have sunk into oblivion. Today, in any city of the Golden Ring, there are at least a couple of nice hotels, as well as many options in the private sector: from cozy mini-hotels with home furnishings to apartments and even cottages rented by the day. There are also business hotels, "sharpened" for rich foreigners.

A pleasant zest and, if you like, exotic even for us, residents of big cities, is accommodation in old houses in suburbs or real village huts.

Accommodation prices range from 700-1 thousand rubles for a room in the private sector, sanatorium or camp site to 2-3 thousand rubles for a well-furnished room in a modern hotel or a well-maintained private hotel. Business accommodation will cost 5-7 thousand rubles for a double room with breakfast.

Tours

For several decades, there has been a unique tourist route "Golden Ring of Russia". Cities, tours of which are organized by many companies, can boast of comfortable hotels, and their surroundings - of landscape landscapes. Group excursions or private trips accompanied by a guide - all these activities will become possible after visiting a tour agency in Moscow.

There are several types of tour packages, you can drive through the main attractions and visit only the main eight cities, or you can use the extended option with a stop at places that are no less interesting in terms of historical and architectural features. In any case, the tourist will find out which cities are included in the Golden Ring of Russia, and will have the opportunity to visit them.

Travel options:

• By car.
• By bus.
• On a boat. Cruises are very popular during the summer. The cities of the route are framed by rivers: Volga, Moscow and Oka. Most of the routes start from the city of Moscow, however, St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod, and Yaroslavl can be the starting point.

A week-long tour of the Golden Ring with three meals a day and overnight stays in hotels today can be purchased for 20 thousand - 24 thousand rubles per person. This offer includes visits to all the major cities of the "ring" as well as several smaller towns.

The price includes a dozen excursions, services of a professional guide. You can buy a more modest tour (two days - 5 thousand rubles per person, one night in a hotel, one breakfast), but in this case you will visit no more than 3-4 cities, and the pace of the trip will be just crazy. Similar tours can be bought from Moscow, St. Petersburg and any major city in the country.

Holidays

The brightest celebrations take place on New Year's and Christmas days. On a wide scale, inherent in our people - round dances, burning a scarecrow, sleigh rides, songs and belts.

On Maslenitsa, you are guaranteed a complete immersion in the fair life filled with songs, colorful performances and eating an incredible variety of pancakes.

The summer season starts with the May holidays. Interesting events: night festivities on the night of Ivan Kupala, competitions of heroes in Vladimir, a spectacular festival of aeronauts in Yaroslavl. In the middle of summer you will get to the amazing cucumber festival, which is celebrated in Suzdal.

Souvenirs

It is customary to bring souvenirs from trips. In the cities of the Golden Ring of Russia, you can easily find stalls and shops with souvenirs. At the same time, each city is famous for some special products:

• Sergiev Posad - nesting dolls;
• Uglich - cheese;
• Myshkin - mouse figurines, felt boots;
• Kostroma - linen products, jewelry from the village of Krasnoe-on-Volga;
• Rostov the Great - recording of bells;
• Goose-Crystal - naturally, crystal;
• Suzdal - mead;
• Ples - painting;
• Murom - figurines of Ilya Muromets;
• Vladimir - lacquer miniature;
• Ivanovo - ceramics;
• Yaroslavl - figurines of a bear with an axe.

From 2004 to 2008, the Central Bank of Russia issued a series of coins dedicated to the cities of the Golden Ring. Only 12 coins in denominations of 5 and 100 rubles.

Traveling along the Golden Ring, tourists dream of collecting a collection, however, the cost of coins starts from 30 thousand rubles apiece, which is why many people prefer to purchase more affordable collectible silver medal tokens for the collection, the price of which is significantly cheaper.

1. The most ancient city Golden Ring - Rostov the Great. It is 300 years older than Moscow and is the same age as Kyiv and Novgorod. In 2012 the city celebrated its 1150th anniversary.
2. Yaroslavl was officially recognized route capital. Opposite No. 20 on Revolutsionnaya Street, a sign "Kilometer Zero of the Golden Ring of Russia" is installed.
3. northernmost city long route - Vologda.
4. Historical order of founding cities was as follows: Rostov (862), Vladimir (990), Yaroslavl (1010), Suzdal (1024), Pereslavl-Zelessky (1152), Kostroma (1152), Ivanovo (1608).

Conclusion

Despite the great travel experience and the desire to constantly discover something new, every year I return to the routes of the Golden Ring. And every time the ancient cities open up to me from a new side.

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