Breden is a net for catching fish. How to weave a fishing net from a fishing line with your own hands What is a fishing net

Breden is a practical tackle for fishing in rivers, lakes, and ponds. It is mainly used in the warm season: in the spring after high water on floodplains in floodplains, in spring and autumn in small stagnant lakes overgrown with algae in the summer, and in early summer in shallow ponds 1-3 m deep.

In winter, it is used only during the thaw period. Gear of one design or another is suitable for different bodies of water. Therefore, for good fishing you need to know how to choose the right fishing rod and how to catch fish with it.

In most countries, catching fish with fish is allowed only for the purpose of industrial fishing by owners of ponds and farms that officially breed it for sale.

A fishing drag (another name is a drag) is a net from 5 to 30 m long, 1.5-2 m wide, which 2-3 people put into a reservoir and wade, moving through the shallow water and reaching the lower part of the bottom with a device. The name of the gear came from this process.

Design Features

The main details of the nonsense are as follows:

• 2 fish catching wings;
• motnya (net pocket) for catch - located in the center;
• 2 selections (upper and lower), on which the net fabric is planted;
• sinkers or weight cord attached to the bottom;
• floats - located in the upper part to keep the gear afloat.

The winding can have the shape of a bag, trapezoid, wedge, rectangle, etc. For high-walled gear, part of the opening on the winding from below and above is covered with a dense mesh plate (shirt).

The floats are placed along the entire edge of the drag at a distance of 50–70 cm from each other, and more often than not, 30–50 cm above the pocket, with the largest one being in the center so that the position of the pocket can be seen during fishing.

On the wings, the sinkers are placed every 90-100 cm, above the entrance to the windrow - after 30-50. The total weight of the load should be 2.5 times the total weight of the floats, then the tackle will not float completely to the surface and will not sink.

At the ends of the wings, above and below, there are rings or ropes for attaching wooden or metal rods (nags), with the help of which the drag is held in an upright position, brought in or pulled ashore. It is important that these poles are comfortable to hold with your hands.

The lower selection of tackle is 10% shorter than the upper one. This design allows you to lift and pull out the drag without losing the fish. Along the edges of the net there are wooden cuttings, or rods, with a rounded cross-section and a diameter convenient for gripping by hand.

Varieties

There are these types of nonsense:

1. Classical. Has a motina and identical wings. Used in shallow reservoirs - bays, ponds.
2. With wings of different lengths. Used on wide bodies of water: the short wing and spindle are placed closer to the shore, and the long one is wound in a semicircle.
3. Without wings (or "Chicken"). Designed for night fishing in narrow places, for example, along reeds.
4. No frills. Used in shallow water to catch small fish and crayfish.

In addition, they can be with detachable wings, valance, curtain, lightweight, specially designed for lake or river fishing. Which one to choose depends on the fishing conditions and the type of fish you intend to catch.

The network fabric of nonsense can have cells of different diameters. In reservoirs overgrown with algae, the fine net twists and turns out more. The most in demand are nonsense with a cell diameter of 25-30 mm.

How to catch correctly

For effective fishing, a drag is used after first studying the reservoir. The most suitable area is a shallow coastal area with a dense bottom, a small amount of aquatic vegetation and a sloping shore.

A net 5-7 m long can be used by 2 people to catch fish. They do it like this:

1. One person holds the tackle by the nag and leads it into the water to such a depth where he can walk, then a second person comes in, holding the second nag vertically.
2. Most often, the drag is pulled along the shore against the current, while it bends, forming a semicircle.
3. The lower part of the tackle should drag along the bottom so that there is no gap into which the fish could escape. The ends of the drag must be slightly lifted and shaken so that the catch moves towards the center.
4. Turning to the shore, the fishermen converge and pull out the gear together. But, if the fish needs to be kept alive, the fishnet is lifted and secured near the shore on sticks stuck into the bottom.

A good drag does not drag along the bottom and can withstand a lot of weight. If a lot of algae or debris gets into it, it must be pulled ashore and cleaned. The longer the net, the more fishermen should participate in fishing - up to 5-6 people.

When pulling out the tackle, it is important not to miss the catch. Therefore, when a drag of 10-15 m in length is brought to the shore and the fishermen pull it out by the wings, folding it next to them, 1 person at this time pulls up and presses the lower pick-ups to the bottom.

A long drag (20-25 m) is difficult to navigate in the water; it is more suitable for catching fish in a small pond, when fishermen do not wade, but along the shore. This fishing option is optimal for autumn, after the vegetation in the water has fallen.

Fishing with a dragnet is a fascinating and exciting activity, but also difficult, especially winter fishing with a seine in winter on the lake. This is only possible if you use a special torpedo that allows you to place gear under the ice.

Fishermen need to cut a large lane to launch and remove the seine, and intermediate ones to run a torpedo with a rope and to create noise with a pole so that the fish do not go beyond the ice hole.

When pulling out the catch, the drag is not pulled out completely; the net is placed around the edge and the fish is taken out with a net.

From the boat

If the bottom of the reservoir is covered with a thick layer of silt or peat and it is impossible to walk along it, fish are caught by dragging from a boat in this way:

1. The lower part of the nags is weighted, for example, with lead so that they do not float up, long strong ropes are attached to them and the tackle is carefully laid in the boat: rope, nag, wing, reel, second wing, nag and second rope.
2. The end of the rope is left on the shore, held by the fisherman.
3. The boat should describe a semicircle. Moving from the shore, they lower the rope and the nag, after which they turn the boat along the shore and gradually sweep out the remaining parts of the gear, making sure that the rope does not twist. When the second wing is in the water, the boat is turned to the shore, the second nag is lowered and the rope is swept out.
4. Fishermen from the boat go ashore and immediately begin to pull out the drag from both sides, hitting the water with ropes so that the fish cannot escape from the covered area, and gradually approach each other.

A 20-25 m long drag with minimal load is suitable for this kind of fishing. A large float located above the central part of the reel helps control the uniform pulling of the tackle.

We make nonsense with our own hands

You can knit a nonsense from threads, fishing line or nylon. The weaving technique is simple and, depending on the size of the product, can take from several days to 2-4 weeks. But more often the tackle is sewn from a ready-made mesh.

The most durable is considered to be a mesh made from twisted nylon or polyamide thread. But, if you fish no more than 4-5 times a year, you can use a plastic net.

Before you make a drag with your own hands, you need to know the proportions between its length, width, the dimensions of the drag and the areas being fished:

• for motni, choose a network with a smaller cell diameter than for wings;
• the length of the motny should be 1.5−2 times the height of the nonsense;
• if the tackle is 10-15 m long, the entrance to the net should occupy a third of its part, i.e., equal to the length of the wing; for smaller drags, the entrance to the pocket occupies more than 1/3;
• the tackle should be 1.5 times higher than the deepest part of the reservoir and wider than the largest area.

In order to open a network, you need a lot of space. The longitudinal edges of the net are positioned along the length of the product, parts are cut out taking into account the following fit coefficients:

• in motna - 0.5;
• along horizontal lines in the wings and drive - 0.67;
• vertically - 0.87.

For a wedge-shaped pattern, 4-6 wedges are cut out. The parts are connected with a seam “in the scar”, taking 3-4 mesh cells from both sides. Do not tighten the seam, otherwise unwanted “pockets” will form in the wings.

Fishing with a nonsense that is incorrectly planted will be unsuccessful; the landing of the upper and lower edges to the pick-ups (cords) is done like this:

• the cord is secured in two places and pulled tight;
• the mesh is tied to the cord with a thread using a shuttle, grabbing every second cell of 2-3 rows and tying it with a slight slack so that the fabric moves.

Ready-made floats or pieces of foam are attached to the top of the nonsense. They should be white - this will scare away the fish and prevent it from jumping over the surrounded area.

The central lower part is weighted with a chain with an anti-corrosion coating, and the side parts are weighted with lighter weights. Do not use metal objects with sharp edges.

A lead weight weighing 200 g is attached to the tip of the cone-shaped reel, and also if it is intended to fish with the current. This will prevent it from turning out.

Definitions and characteristics of nonsense

Fishing with delirium (from the word “wander”) is an ancient, but still the most popular and popular Russian way to get some fish. Village children always stole window tulle or gauze from the house. In the warm summer river, the children started their first delirium in their lives, and then warmed themselves by the fire, fried the little ones on twigs and seemed like adults.

The wading method of fishing, when the drag is pulled along a river or lake with the help of two or more manpower, distinguishes the drag from its older brother - the seine. According to the official classification, a seine is a large drag, over 100 meters long. Carrying such a long piece of equipment is incredibly hard work. A large number of people will be required. Therefore, the usual length of the nonsense does not exceed 50 meters.

A seine, unlike a dragnet, is a casting fishing tool; it sweeps fish using a swimming device (boat, cutter, seiner), so the efforts of people are spent only on pulling it out. In commercial sea and river fishing with a seine, the process of pulling it ashore or onto a ship is mechanized.

- This is a straining fishing tool that has a fine mesh and a thicker nylon thread compared to. Like any planted and ready-to-install network, an equipped drag also consists of a number of elements:

1. The network fabric is of increased thickness. Usually made of three parts: the right and left flat wings, as well as a special cone-purse (motni, kutka), embedded between the wings. Less common are constructions of nonsense without fluff. Like a net, the fabric of nonsense also has its own fit on the upper and lower selections. The landing is carried out with K = 0.33 (this fabric is stretched more tightly than this mesh fabric), in a rigid way.
2. The upper cord or string of the net is made, in contrast to the cord of the net, from a thicker and stronger cord. This is due to the heavy loads when fishing with drag. Basically, the top pick-up is mounted with large lifting floats.
3. The bottom line is also a thick, durable nylon cord equipped with heavy weights. The non-water fabric is firmly attached to this cord.
4. The moth is made from the same seine material as the wings, but for catching some types of fish, the moth has a reduced cell size. The entrance to the motnya is a rectangular hole. In some cases, a round hole is made and thread is sewn into it.
5. In rare cases, the drag line is pulled directly by the rebounds - this greatly reduces the catchability of the short drag line. The ends of the selection are tied to special smooth sticks, with shallow ring cutouts along the edges for the cord - nags, the height of which is not made more than 2 meters. The lower string is tightly tied at the bottom of the nag, and the upper string is tied closer to the top.

Like any network, nonsense has its own varieties. The usual delirium has wings of equal length and is called “equal-winged”. For better fish coverage, one wing is often lengthened. This allows you to bypass deep places along the shallows. There are other modifications of nonsense.

For catching northern whitefish - vendace and tugun - 50-meter long lines that do not have a hook are allowed. Such nonsense is less catchy than with motney, but it is much easier to pull it.

How to catch fish with a dragnet

There is a golden folk rule for catching fish with drag – don’t chase the length. The length of the drag depends entirely on the size of the river. With an average river width of 10 meters, even a 25-meter long drift will not bring either fish or the joy of fishing. It will catch all the stones, snags and bushes. It is very difficult to work with, and even more difficult to produce a disproportionately long nonsense. For such a river, a 5-8 meter long bridge is enough.

Hooks are the main problem with drag fishing. Car tires and headboards, motorcycle parts and coils of barbed wire - all this falls into the delirium immediately and for a long time. Such objects often tear even the strongest nonsense. It is advisable to remove all hooks from the water and remove them as far as possible. When fishing in shallow places, one more person is desirable - this is the 3rd “number” - the unhooking one, who goes behind the drag. Usually the drag is pulled downstream; the drag should always lag behind the wings. For ease of fishing, the float is usually marked above the center of the fish or 2 floats are placed side by side. In a number of cases, a drag is drawn around the open part of a river bay and pulled up towards its toe.

When fishing in ponds, lakes and reservoirs, aquatic vegetation interferes with prey fishing. The lead weights often lift off the bottom and travel through dense water grass. All the fish run away under them. The place for fishing with nonsense, where algae has been cleared, where snags and other hooks have been removed, is called a toney. The costs of its creation will always pay off with interest. For successful fishing with a large 100-meter long drift, it is advisable to have at least 4-5 people.

To successfully fish with drag in any reservoir, you must immediately select the optimal drag based on length, mesh size, weight of sinkers, you need to have experience or a good mentor. Some information can be gleaned from literature and on relevant websites.

Repair of nonsense

Any fishing takes its toll on nonsense. Sometimes it can be big. There is no need to be afraid of this. Repairing nonsense is not as difficult as correct repairing a network with plucking and untying the cells. You need to have a couple of shuttles in stock - needles, the size of the nonsense cell and, usually 0.5-0.8 mm in diameter. The holes in the brad are simply sewn together with a thick thread, which is positioned vertically.

The role of nonsense in the development of fish farming (aquaculture)

In modern pond fish farming, when it is impossible to completely drain water from reservoirs, drags and seines of various types play a huge role in the removal of marketable fish, as well as in cleaning the pond from weed fish (ichthyological reclamation) and unwanted aquatic vegetation. Breeding is practically the only effective means of saving thousands of fry that find themselves in closed puddles on floodplains after the water in the rivers recedes.

Fishing with delirium (from the word “wander”) is an ancient, but still the most popular and popular Russian way to get some fish. Village children always stole window tulle or gauze from the house. In the warm summer river, the children started their first delirium in their lives, and then warmed themselves by the fire, fried the little ones on twigs and seemed like adults.

The wading method of fishing, when the drag is pulled along a river or lake with the help of two or more manpower, distinguishes the drag from its older brother - the seine. According to the official classification, a seine is a large drag, over 100 meters long. Carrying such a long piece of equipment is incredibly hard work. A large number of people will be required. Therefore, the usual length of the nonsense does not exceed 50 meters.

A seine, unlike a dragnet, is a casting fishing tool; it sweeps fish using a swimming device (boat, cutter, seiner), so the efforts of people are spent only on pulling it out. In commercial sea and river fishing with a seine, the process of pulling it ashore or onto a ship is mechanized.

Breden is a straining fishing tool that has a small mesh and a thicker nylon thread compared to gill nets. Like any planted and ready-to-install network, an equipped drag also consists of a number of elements:

1. Network fabric - made from knotless or knotted nylon increased thickness. Usually made of three parts: the right and left flat wings, as well as a special cone-purse (motni, kutka), embedded between the wings. Less common are constructions of nonsense without fluff. Like a net, the fabric of nonsense also has its own fit on the upper and lower selections. The landing is carried out with K = 0.33 (this fabric is stretched more tightly than this mesh fabric), in a rigid way.
2. The upper cord or string of the net is made, in contrast to the cord of the net, from a thicker and stronger cord. This is due to the heavy loads when fishing with drag. Basically, the top pick-up is mounted with large lifting floats.
3. The bottom line is also a thick, durable nylon cord equipped with heavy weights. This cord is durable nylon thread The non-water fabric sits rigidly.
4. The moth is made from the same seine material as the wings, but for catching some types of fish, the moth has a reduced cell size. The entrance to the motnya is a rectangular hole. In some cases, a round hole is made and thread is sewn into it.
5. In rare cases, the drag line is pulled directly by the rebounds - this greatly reduces the catchability of the short drag line. The ends of the selection are tied to special smooth sticks, with shallow ring cutouts along the edges for the cord - nags, the height of which is not made more than 2 meters. The lower string is tightly tied at the bottom of the nag, and the upper string is tied closer to the top.

Like any network, nonsense has its own varieties. The usual delirium has wings of equal length and is called “equal-winged”. For better fish coverage, one wing is often lengthened. This allows you to bypass deep places along the shallows. There are other modifications of nonsense.

For catching northern whitefish - vendace and tugun - 50-meter long lines that do not have a hook are allowed. Such nonsense is less catchy than with motney, but it is much easier to pull it.

What does a seine look like?

Breden is a net with a length of 2 to 70 meters and a width of 2 to 3 meters. The classic drag consists of a left and right wing, and in the middle it has a special “pocket” - a drag. For ease of use, long sticks are attached to the edges of the nets. They help to drag the net along the reservoir and keep the seine in a vertical position.

Motnya is a bag sewn from a net to collect caught fish. The size of this “pocket” depends on the length of the gear. Often it makes up at least a third of the entire network. But the smaller the wingspan, the greater the flutter can be, and vice versa.

Experienced fishermen prefer to use gear specially adapted for them on familiar bodies of water. They are prepared taking into account the characteristics of the bottom topography and the fish that the fisherman is going for.

How to catch drag fish

There is a golden folk rule for catching fish with drag – don’t chase the length. The length of the drag depends entirely on the size of the river.

With an average river width of 10 meters, even a 25-meter long drift will not bring either fish or the joy of fishing. It will catch all the stones, snags and bushes.

It is very difficult to work with, and even more difficult to produce a disproportionately long nonsense. For such a river, a 5-8 meter long bridge is enough.

Hooks are the main problem with drag fishing. Car tires and headboards, motorcycle parts and coils of barbed wire - all this falls into the delirium immediately and for a long time.

Such objects often tear even the strongest nonsense. It is advisable to remove all hooks from the water and remove them as far as possible.

When fishing in shallow places, one more person is desirable - this is the 3rd “number” - the unhooking one, who goes behind the drag. Usually the drag is pulled downstream; the drag should always lag behind the wings.

For ease of fishing, the float is usually marked above the center of the fish or 2 floats are placed side by side. In a number of cases, a drag is drawn around the open part of a river bay and pulled up towards its toe.

When fishing in ponds, lakes and reservoirs, aquatic vegetation interferes with prey fishing. The lead weights often lift off the bottom and travel through dense water grass.

All the fish run away under them. The place for fishing with nonsense, where algae has been cleared, where snags and other hooks have been removed, is called a toney.

The costs of its creation will always pay off with interest. For successful fishing with a large 100-meter long drift, it is advisable to have at least 4-5 people.

A dragnet is a long net, and it is better to use it in places that are known to fishermen. To clear the nets of catch or debris that accumulates during fishing, a wide deserted coast is needed.

Fishing with drag nets is good during the feast, in warm weather in shallow water, but for this it is necessary to equip the seine with a sinker (often a chain is used for this), placed in the middle under the net and floats (you can also use ordinary polystyrene foam).

It is better for fishermen to start moving against the current, alternating between shallow water and depressions. Experienced fishermen, knowing the topography of their favorite fishing spots, try not to use several pools. They are not cleared of snags, algae and debris. In these places, the fish “rest”, the young grow, and spend the winter.

This way you can maintain the same number of fish and be sure that they will not move further down the river.

In addition, they catch fish not only in rivers, but also on industrial vessels. The gear on fishing trawlers is similar to a net or hammock. Thus, fishermen catch not only large fish, but also fry. Afterwards it is sorted and processed.

The general principle of this type of fishing is simple. Two fishermen pull a drag along accessible places. Then they either turn towards the shore or gradually converge. All this time, beaters walk next to them and on their sides at a short distance. When the barge haulers converge, the beaters close the circle, slap the water, and drive the fish into the trap.

Then the bottom of the network gradually rises. Here you need to keep an eye on the top cord. It should not be close to water. Fish driven into a tight circle can jump out over the top. When choosing a net, lift the neck of the fish and select the fish. If you do not violate simple rules, the size of your catch will please you.

Choosing a fishing spot

When fishing on small rivers, the choice of length depends on the width of the river. Good places are river pools and shallow water with riffles. If there are few fishing spots on a small river and the path to them is at a great distance, artificial creeks and pits can be installed on the river. Select a place with a flat bottom surface. A small dam is made that does not block the river, but greatly narrows the passage of water.

It is made from any available materials. The water level is rising. In this place, fish remain after spawning, as well as “local” fish. You just need to catch fish in a businesslike manner, without barbarism, while simultaneously creating comfortable conditions for growth and development. Trees can be dropped here and bait can be added. And then this place will bring a stable catch.

On large and medium-sized rivers, the length of the drag increases. Good places here are bays, channels among reeds and sedges. Weak currents in floodplain areas attract fish. The fishing technology here is different. A short haul will bring only small change in the catch. To catch large fish, you should use longer gear.

On large lakes and rivers, fishing with this method directly depends on the length of the drag. It is better to fish in shallow places, but only before spawning and at other times when fish gather in schools.

Ponds, if they are small and have a clean bottom, can be fished without going into the water. Here you should look for places with streams flowing here, holes and edges between them.

Fishing methods

Before starting fishing, you should determine the tactics of dragging in a given place and the place of access to the shore.

Repair of nonsense

Any fishing takes its toll on nonsense. Sometimes it can be big. There is no need to be afraid of this. Repairing nonsense is not as difficult as correct repairing a network with plucking and untying the cells. You need to have in stock a couple of shuttles - needles, the size of a nonsense cell and a skein of nylon thread, usually 0.5-0.8 mm in diameter. The holes in the brad are simply sewn together with a thick thread, which is positioned vertically.

In modern pond fish farming, when it is impossible to completely drain water from reservoirs, drags and seines of various types play a huge role in the removal of marketable fish, as well as in cleaning the pond from weed fish (ichthyological reclamation) and unwanted aquatic vegetation.

Breeding is practically the only effective means of saving thousands of fry that find themselves in closed puddles on floodplains after the water in the rivers recedes.

There are four types of nonsense:

1. Classic nonsense. It consists of two wings of equal length and a flap. Fishing with this type of fishing gear is carried out in shallow reservoirs, rivers and lakes. Two people pull the nets along the chosen place, and the third collects the catch accumulated in the reel.
2. No frills. This is a regular network, no more than 4 meters long. It is excellent for fishing at a depth of no more than 50 centimeters. The method is effective in the autumn-spring period, when the fish warms itself in water warmed by the sun's rays.
3. "Chicken". This is a moth without wings. Ropes are attached to the edges of the net (nags). They help keep the entire system afloat. Fishermen, passing with a seine along the entire reservoir, do not pull out the catch, but, lifting the net, take out the fish caught in it.
4. The wings of the net are of different lengths. This kind of drag is suitable for fishing in places where it is impossible to pull a seine along both banks of the reservoir. A semicircle is created from nets, fencing off the section of the river where fishing will take place.

Construction of nonsense.

The drag consists of two wings, two drives and a flywheel. All parts of the nonsense are cut out from mesh fabric, while the mesh fabric is placed with longitudinal edges along the length of the nonsense.

Each part is cut out separately, taking into account the landing coefficients. For this fishing gear, the following landing coefficients are most often used: for horizontal landing in the wings and drive 0.67, in the reel 0.5, for vertical landing for all parts the landing coefficient is 0.87.

The parts to be cut out are rectangular in shape and are obtained by cutting in a straight line. All separately cut parts are connected to each other with a seam “in the scar”.

In this case, 4 cells are inserted into the seam on each side. It is also necessary to ensure that the seam does not receive more tension than the del mesh, as this leads to the formation of “pockets” in the wing, which is undesirable.

How to plant a delirium correctly

Design and production of nonsense

The design of the drag line is visible from Figure 5 (many fishermen involved in drag fishing have no idea how the components of the gear are correctly named). The net is used with a fairly small mesh, usually 25-30 mm on the wings, 20-25 mm in the reel.

The floats on the top line are larger and are tied more often than on the fixed net; The lower selection is also made much heavier.

The design of the drag line is visible from Figure 5 (many fishermen involved in drag fishing have no idea how the components of the gear are correctly named). The net is used with a fairly small mesh, usually 25-30 mm on the wings, 20-25 mm in the reel. The floats on the top line are larger and are tied more often than on the fixed net; The lower selection is also made much heavier.

Rice. 5. Breden and its components: 1 – right wing (2nd part); 2 – right wing (1 part), 3 – right drive; 4 – motnya; 5 – left drive; 6 – left wing (2nd part); 7 – left wing (1 part); 8 – valance; 9 – shirt; 10 – upper selection; 12 – right nag; 13 – left nag; 14 – upper chamfer; 15 – lower chamfer. It must be said that the rigs sold in stores are almost always underloaded, and their float lines do not have sufficient buoyancy. As a result, purchased baits are suitable for more or less successful fishing only in the most ideal, greenhouse conditions: in reservoirs without current, with a flat, hard bottom and a complete absence of snags and underwater vegetation. In real conditions, it is not easy to catch something with a purchased fishing rod: the current, even a slight one, submerges the upper catch, allowing the fish to escape; at the slightest snags and delays, the lower catch rises - with the same result, and on heavily grassy reservoirs a strange thing generally happens: the cargo the cord is twisted with the top one into a tight bundle, and the fish cannot in any way get into the reel.

Therefore, having bought a drag, do not rush to the pond with it - it is better to disassemble the tackle and reassemble it, with normal floating and loading. Or at least hang additional floats and sinkers (both of them are made cylindrical, with a cut on the side so that you can put them on the cords without disassembling the tackle; after landing on the cord, the lead sinkers are lightly tapped with a hammer, and the cut on the floats is made of solid foam is held together with two small aluminum wire staples). The bottom line in most cases is made shorter than the top (the difference in length reaches 10 percent, sometimes more), and when pulling out the central part of the line, as fishermen say, it “cuts” the fish that did not have time to get into the line, preventing it from escaping at the last moment . A properly constructed drag moves through a pond like a tank through a children's sandbox, crushing all obstacles: it uproots sticks and small snags, rake stones and algae into the windrow, and presses not too thick reeds or cattails to the bottom. The landing of the drags on the cargo and floating cords is done differently than in a fixed net, in which the landing thread is pulled through several upper (lower) cells of the mesh fabric, then attached with a knot to the upper (lower) pick-up, then pulled again, etc. This landing, called “running”, allows the net to move relative to the selection, and helps to better entangle the fish. It is not suitable for nonsense: the goal is to confuse the fish in the wing of the nonsense; it is only necessary to achieve maximum strength for the gear, which experiences loads during fishing that are incomparable to those experienced by a fixed net. Therefore, the so-called “hard” landing is used (see Fig. 6), in which a landing thread (increased in strength compared to fixed meshes) attaches each of the outermost cells of the mesh fabric to the lower and upper selection.

Rice. 6. Hard landing used for ravings. In the old days, when it was very difficult, almost impossible, to buy a ready-made mesh fabric, you had to construct “patchwork” nonsense from all kinds of scraps (for example, I made my first nonsense from waste mesh production, bought by weight at the Skillful Hands store). The gear turned out to be unsightly, multi-colored, but the fish were caught quite successfully. Factory-made badminton nets were very popular as a material: two six-meter-long nets were put on the wings, a thread was cut out of the third, all that remained was to tie up the cargo and float cords - and the result was a cheap, but quite catchy net (though not high, suitable for fishing on shallow depths). Nowadays, when networking materials are available to amateurs, polyethylene networking fabrics, produced by the Japanese corporation “MOMOI FISHING” and sold by dealers in Russia under the names “Polyethylene Networking”, “Universal Networking”, “Multi-Purpose Networking”, etc., are very popular. Immediately I’ll make a reservation: it makes sense to use polyethylene netting materials for seines and nets only for amateurs who do not engage in the corresponding fishing too often. This material is not suitable for constantly fishing professionals: it is less strong and durable than a conventional net made of twisted nylon or polyamide thread. However, if you go fishing with dragnet 5-6 times a year (and many amateurs fail more often), then tackle made from polyethylene thread will last for many years. The advantages of polyethylene network materials (hereinafter referred to as PES), listed below, in my opinion, completely compensate for their shortcomings. 1. Affordable price. PES is 2-3 times cheaper than similar nylon nets, which is of particular importance when constructing seines and long hauls. 2. The specific gravity of dry PES is less than that of nylon network materials. It is not always possible to get directly to the fishing spot by vehicle, and it is less labor-intensive to carry light tackle to the reservoir. 3. PES absorbs water significantly less than nylon. Accordingly, it is much easier and faster to dry PES bales in the field, on a pond. If this is impossible to do (due to rainy weather or other reasons), wet tackle weighs significantly less than the same nylon tackle, and it is easier to remove it from the reservoir. 4. The last two properties of PES determine another advantage of the gear made from them: guiding a drag line or seine through a reservoir requires less physical effort. 5. Polyethylene twisted threads are more rigid than nylon threads. If for a fixed net this is a disadvantage, then for a nonsense, on the contrary, it is an advantage - the fish become less entangled in the wings of the tackle and do not interfere with continuing fishing. It should be noted that gear made from PES requires more careful care and conservation. The melting point of polyethylene is lower than that of nylon, and PES nonsense that accidentally ends up not far from the fire will suffer faster. In addition, polyethylene is more sensitive to direct sunlight - it is necessary to dry the nonsense in the shade, in a windy place. When making tackle from PES, it is necessary to take into account the positive buoyancy of polyethylene: floats can be placed in slightly smaller sizes than on tackle made from polyamide, which has zero buoyancy. The floats on the nets are large, made of white foam, and are not painted (unlike fixed nets), since a bright white float can scare away the fish, which sometimes tries to escape from the net by jumping over the upper catch, and prevent it from leaving the area of ​​the reservoir surrounded by the net. . On small drags, intended mainly for fishing on narrow rivers, the lower catch is sometimes replaced with a solid metal chain, only sections of cord 1-1.5 m long are tied at the ends. It is believed that the chain better fits all the unevenness of the bottom, allowing you to catch more bottom-dwelling fish . Another advantage of the chain: when hooked, you can pull it safely, with all your strength, without the risk of breaking, which sometimes happens with cords that have been used for a long time. The main disadvantage of drags equipped with chains is that they are too heavy, so in fairly long drags a chain 6-7 m long is tied only in the central part, under the reel, and under the wings - ordinary cords with lead weights. Chains that do not have an anti-corrosion coating quickly rust, and the rust “overwhelms” the parts of the network in contact with the chain, so it’s worth painting the chain links in several layers with waterproof paint, and only then attaching them to the chain. The ends of the upper and lower harness are tied to light but strong poles, the so-called “nags”, for which fishermen drag the gear across the pond. Motnya is a net bag in the middle of the tackle where the caught fish is collected. The shape of the bag is a cone with a narrowed end; when fishing in the current, a lead weight weighing 200 grams or more is attached to the very end of the reel. and higher - otherwise, when guiding the tackle downstream, the fishing rod may turn inside out under the pressure of water and end up in front of the wings. In the most commonly used sizes (10-15 m), the drag takes up about 1/3 of the entire length of the tackle, i.e. That is, the span of the entrance to it is approximately equal to the length of the wing. For large-sized drags this ratio changes in favor of the wings, for short ones - in favor of the wings.

Rice. 7. Position of the short drag when fishing (top view): 1 – drag; 2, 3 – wings; 4 – load cord; 5 – floating cord. In fact, the fishing rod is used for the most part for local fishing, not far from home - and therefore, during construction, it is “tailored” for a specific body of water or group of bodies of water. However, we must remember that it is difficult to successfully fish a river or pond 10 meters wide with a ten-meter dragnet - the size of the tackle should be 1.5 times wider than the widest part and 1.7 times higher than the deepest part of the reservoir. When river fishing, crucian carp are usually caught in the delirium mostly by accident, as bycatch. Their main fishing with crucian carp occurs in small closed reservoirs: in dug or dammed ponds, in lakes located in floodplains, etc. On rivers, for catching crucian carp, they choose channels, spills and creeks with weak currents, floodplains in floodplains; It is rarely possible to conduct a drag line, stretching it from shore to shore, and the catches directly depend on the length of the gear: in a short drag, large fish will rarely be caught, and most of the catch will be small fish. On large rivers and lakes, delirium is also caught in any shallow places with a flat bottom, but only during periods of mass concentration of fish, otherwise the rare fish scattered throughout the reservoir will not in any way repay the efforts of catching them. For pond fishing, either small dug ponds are convenient, where you can wade without going into the water (see above), or large, but relatively shallow and with a flat bottom. In the second case, night fishing will be much more effective (as, indeed, in all reservoirs where the wings of the nonsense do not go close to the banks).

The net most often runs along the surface, less often at half-water, and even less often at the bottom.
They catch swimming mainly for moving fish, that is, moving upstream against the current at certain times of the year. Much less often, downstream fish (swimming downstream after spawning) are caught with floating nets.
In the northern and Siberian rivers - Northern Dvina, Pechora, Ob, Yenisei, Lena - salmon, salmon, omul, muksun, roach, sterlet, etc. are caught with smooth nets.
For swimming, choose a place that meets the following requirements:
The swim must be fishy, ​​that is, the main routes of fish must pass through it;
the river section should be flat, without sharp turns or bends;
the current should be parallel to the shore; Such sections of the river are undesirable for swimming, in which the main stream of the current is pressed first to one bank, then to the other;
on bottom float, the river bottom should be smooth and clean, without holes, bumps, snags, etc.;
on bottom water, sandy or silty soil is desirable, since with a rocky or shell bottom the nets wear out greatly.
Floating nets are used to fish from boats, usually from two boats. Each boat has a crew of two people. But there are specialists in this fishing who manage to fish alone and from one boat, and from fairly frivolous vessels: from small dugout shuttles, or even from single-seat inflatable ones. In this case, the second end of the floating net is tied to a pole, loaded at one end and standing vertically in the water. A white buoy is tied to the top of the pole, sometimes even painted with phosphorescent paint: fishing takes place at night, and the white buoy allows you to see the position of the gear in the dark. A light bulb with a battery placed in a plastic two-liter bottle serves this purpose even better.
If you consider that such fishing is carried out on northern rivers, where smooth reaches give way to seething rapids, and even waterfalls, and they fish in the fall, in the iciest water, then we must admit that swimming alone is a very extreme activity. Moreover, if the object of fishing is salmon, and if the “mother” of one and a half pounds flies into the net, then go and figure out who caught who here. But such fishing is much more active and interesting than fishing with huge salmon nets, which are also very labor-intensive to install and retrieve.
A net floating in water can take different positions:
the net floats on the surface of the water;
the net floats at half-water, that is, under the surface;
the net moves near the bottom.
In the first case, the net moving in the middle of the river often overtakes the boat, since the current there is stronger than at the shore, and the middle of the net begins to bulge. To level the net, the fishermen in the boat (or boats) row from time to time.
When fishing along the bottom, on the contrary, the net moves slower than the boats. To even out the order, the movement of the boats must be slowed down, from time to time rowing the oars in the opposite direction.
When fishing by floating in mid-water, the net is supported at a given depth by additional buoys attached to the net on buoy streamers or buoy thinners. By taking a larger or smaller length of the buoy streamer, you can lower the net deeper or, conversely, raise it closer to the surface, depending on the horizon on which the fish is holding. The so-called buoys used to serve as buoys; now plastic lemonade and beer bottles are used everywhere.

Design
The river flowing net is a rectangular mesh fabric with a mesh size corresponding to the size of the intended prey. The length of the net when planted is from 50 m and above, the height is from 1.8 m (both sizes depend on the width of the given river and other local conditions). The net is planted on the upper and lower selections with a landing coefficient of 1/2. Such a dense planting increases the catchability of the net.
Planting methods are different: for example, large mesh nets for catching salmon are planted by passing the nets through the mesh and garters every fifth or sixth mesh. To increase catchability, sometimes the net is placed only on the upper, floating cord, while the net hangs freely, like a curtain on a window. Such flowing nets are called self-floating nets.
If the net is intended to float on the surface of the water, then the float cord must hold the net and sinkers in the water. At the same time, no less than double buoyancy reserve is provided. If the net is intended for catching bottom fish and must float along the bottom, then the flotation cord should only hold the net in the water, without taking into account the weight of the weight cord. The sinkers will force the net to lower, the lower catch will fall to the bottom, the floats will straighten the net fabric and the net will take its working position.
River floating nets, as well as fixed ones, can be gill (single-walled), double-walled (there is no point in using three-walled ones - 95% of fish fly into the tackle from one side) and frame. The knitting in double-walled flowing nets is made from thick threads; its mesh size is 3–5 times larger than the mesh size of the particle.
Both screens and floating nets are most similar to fixed nets both in design and in their operating principle: the fish are either wrapped in a mesh fabric or entangled in a mesh bag. But if the fixed net is designed to expand the fishing zone due to the movement of the gear, then the screens, on the contrary, narrow the zone due to a sharp reduction in the size of the gear. Oddly enough, the second when fishing is sometimes no less necessary than the first. Example: there is a net perpendicular to the bank of the river, but the fish gets entangled only in one section of it, no more than a meter long - because it goes along the bank along a narrow “path”, without turning to the sides. As a result, 85% of the gear gets wet and wears out completely in vain.
Screens are also much cheaper and easier to manufacture and use than networks. The most primitive screen can be made even on a pond, in the field, from a piece of an old net found on the shore. Once, in my presence, an asp weighing more than 4 kilograms was caught: a piece of a net one and a half meters long and the same height, without any equipment, was stretched around the corners with four fishing lines in a narrow, shallow and fast-flowing channel between reed thickets, where they used to chase small things a large asp that did not allow anyone to approach him with a spinning rod or live bait fishing rod. No one seriously believed in success, but the most primitive tackle worked! The next morning, a large float tied to one of the lines (an antifreeze canister) swayed on the water ten meters downstream, and at the bottom lay an asp, swaddled like a baby.

"TV"

I don’t even know why fishing regulations pursued this gear so mercilessly for many years. It is not distinguished by supernatural catchability - in terms of catches, “screeners” have always been inferior not only to “netters”, but also to anglers. No particular damage to fish populations was observed either; in terms of the impact on the ecosystem of a river or lake, a “TV” compared to, say, a seine is like a sniper’s shot compared to a nuclear explosion.
However, it was prohibited. It came to a paradox: networks in the region are allowed, but “TVs” are persecuted.
Perhaps the whole point is that it is much more difficult for fisheries protection to detect screens placed throughout the reservoir than to hook a net with a “cat” and check for the presence of a tag on it indicating “legality”. (Not to mention the lovers of nonsense, who are always in full view.) But there are plenty of baits for pike and donoks for burbot, and it won’t be easy to find them... In general, it’s a mystery.

Rice. 4.“TV” (summer version of fishing line attachment): 1 – float; 2 – mesh fabric; 3 – cargo; 4 – traction; - main line.
The “TV” is designed very simply: the same fixed net, only short, 1.5–2 m in length, and the load cord is replaced by a hard long weight (metal rod), and the floating one is replaced by a hard long float (a stick, well dried and several times longer). layers of painted waterproof paint, or a plastic pipe with tightly plugged ends). There are combinations of a rigid sinker with a flexible floating cord and, conversely, a rigid float with a cargo cord.
Two rods are attached to the ends of the float, and to them is a fishing line with a diameter of 0.7 mm, sometimes thicker. A small float can be attached to the fishing line, which is in working position on the surface of the water and signals that a fish is entangled in the screen.
Like fixed nets, “TVs” can be double-walled, three-walled or framed, but most often they are caught on the principle of a single-walled gill net.
The mesh pitch on the mesh fabric can be very different, from 15 mm in designs designed for catching live bait, to 50 mm or more in gear designed for catching large fish.
“TVs” are displayed mainly in two ways: lowered on a fishing line from boats, bridges, dams, or thrown from the shore. In the latter case, each tackle is attached to a separate pole of the appropriate length, or one pole with a flyer at the end is used, which allows you to pick up the fishing line. When fishing with one “TV”, you can tie it to the line of a spinning rod or telescopic rod with the whip removed.
“TV” is rarely used as an independent tackle; it usually performs auxiliary tasks when fishing. For example, lovers of catching burbot on bottoms and subs very often set up a couple of fine-mesh screens so as not to be distracted by the fishing of live bait. Float anglers also often place “TVs” next to the fishing site, insuring themselves against a possible lack of bite. In addition, the “TV” allows you to diversify the possible prey - for example, when catching scavengers with vegetable bait, you can place two or three screens where the perch chasing the fry splashes, and hook several striped predators, which by definition are not interested in vegetable bait.
Exclusively “TV” fishing, due to the very small area of ​​the gear, is only possible with a surge or in places with a high concentration of fish. In the first case, the fisherman uses no more than 1-2 gear and installs them most often on small but fairly deep steep rivers, perpendicular to the shore. Then he “botts” - with force he vertically lowers the end of the same pole with which he installed the gear into the water (a neck cut off from a plastic half-liter bottle is tightly put on the pole). Some of the fish, frightened by sharp sounds, become entangled in the screens. This fishing is popular and quite active, but its lovers can rarely boast of big catches.
Placing screens in the path of the spring fish movement may be much more effective, but to do this you need to know how the “fish paths” run in the reservoir; just miss by a few meters and the “TV” will remain empty.
Some fishermen try to lure fish to the screens by attaching cake baits or capsules with aromatic oily substances to the sinker. It is difficult to assess the effectiveness of such methods; sometimes the catch is pleasing, sometimes not a single fish hits the screen.
Winter, ice fishing with “TVs” is possible, but is used less frequently than fishing with “kerchiefs,” which will be described below. In winter, the fishing line is attached to one end of the sinker and passed through a loop attached to the end of the float.

"Klondike"

This gear is very similar in design and principle of operation to a “TV”, the only difference is that its mesh fabric is not rectangular or square, but triangular. The float, accordingly, is not a stick, but a foam cylinder.
It is not difficult to understand that the closer to the bottom a fish stays, the more likely it is to become entangled in a net that narrows upward. Therefore, “kerchiefs” are more often used in winter, when all types of fish huddle close to the bottom.

Fishing with Pioneer nets

I’m afraid that the next generation of fishermen will not be able to determine where the name of this gear comes from. But for those who in childhood tied a scarlet tie made of artificial silk around their neck every morning, such a question does not arise - the “pioneer” is exactly this item of clothing. In fact, this is a small “scarf” - an isosceles triangle (base 50–60 cm, height 25–30 cm, other proportions are possible), cut from net fabric.
However, the “pioneer” is a highly specialized tackle; fishing with it has a number of features, which is why it is worth talking about it separately.
The “pioneer” is intended only for catching large bleak. The net is used from monofilament, with a mesh size of 15–18 mm; At the top, close to the net, a large egg-shaped float made of white foam plastic (not painted, since white plays an important role in fishing) is placed. The sinker is made of thick aluminum wire, and its weight is not capable of sinking the float.
Fishing is mainly done from bridges, embankments, dams - in those places where large (more than 15 cm) bleak is found in sufficient quantities.
If the distance to the water allows, then the “pioneer” is attached with a thick fishing line to the pole, so that the tackle can be lifted up in one movement.
If it is too high, then use a rigid spinning rod with a reel, or a telescopic rod with the upper legs removed.
The fishing technique is simple: the “pioneer fish” is lowered into the water, bleaks from all sides rush to the float to see if it can be eaten? Seeing that the float twitched and danced on the water, the catcher lifts the tackle and, if he does not see the fish entangled in the meshes of the net, immediately lowers it. If there is fish, the “pioneer” is quickly lifted up, and the fisherman shakes it over a bucket with the catch or over the neck of the cage. Bleak, as they used to say in the old days, is a “runaway” fish, narrow, and also does not have time to get entangled properly - and in nine cases out of ten, you don’t have to touch it with your hands to free it from the tackle.
Obviously, successful fishing is only possible where there are a lot of large bleak and they are hungry. However, by reducing the size of the “pioneer” cells, you can catch small (7-10 cm) bleaks in the same way, but such fishing is nothing interesting. Where large bleak abounds, but for some reason is full (which happens quite rarely), sometimes pieces of cake or crackers are used as bait (tied to a float), dripping unrefined sunflower oil on them, but the results of fishing with natural bait are always turn out more modest.
But in those places where the bleak easily throws itself onto the inedible foam, the “pioneer” amazes with its catchability. Perhaps, if you divide the weight of fish caught per hour by the area of ​​the net, the “pioneer” is by far the leader among other net tools. I myself had the opportunity to see how in two hours a “pioneer” caught a full 12-liter bucket of selected bleak. (In St. Petersburg there is a small community of “pioneers” who hunt on the rivers and canals of the Northern capital; the catch is mainly sold; old cat ladies willingly buy inexpensive small items for their pets.)
But what is the joy of raising and lowering a “pioneer” with the monotony of an automatic machine? Even catching bleak on top with a float rod is more interesting, there is at least a chance of a bite from a chub or a roach that has risen to the surface...
However, some of the “pioneers” - those who knit their own gear - sometimes make “pioneer” ones of a larger size, and the cells of the lower rows gradually increase in size, reaching 30–35 mm. The point here is that a perch or pike, attracted by the bleak pandemonium, can also get entangled in the “pioneer fish” in the excitement of the hunt. Occasionally this actually happens, but it is still better to catch predators with gear specially designed for them.

Fishing with Dorozhka nets

This recently appeared tackle has nothing to do with fishing with spoons from a boat floating under oars, sail or motor - a coincidence of names, nothing more. It would be more correct to call it a “network with a rubber shock absorber”; a small one – “a screen with a rubber shock absorber”.
The general layout of the track (see Fig. 6), and fishing with it is not much different from fishing with a donkey with a shock absorber: the fisherman throws a heavy load with a rubber thread tied to it into the reservoir, and then, as it shortens, inserts a small fixed net into the reservoir , planted on the cargo and floating cords.
The net itself is usually not involved in casting: the fishing line and elastic band are connected using two large metal carabiners (similar to those that attach leashes to dog collars), and after casting, the carabiners are disconnected and attached to loops made at the ends of the floating cord. The weight of the carabiners is compensated by two large foam floats, which also help ensure that the residual tension of the elastic does not prevent the net from standing in the water in a regular rectangle.

STRAINING AND WINDING NET GEAR

Straining fishing gear is designed to cover a certain area of ​​the reservoir, along with the fish located there; By reducing the area covered to the minimum possible, fish are concentrated in one place.
Straining nets include all kinds of trawls, nets of various designs - casting nets, purse nets, bottom nets, mudniks (set nets are classified as trapping tools), winding tools - dragnets, dragnets and the so-called “hens”.
Some experts also classify small net equipment used exclusively by amateurs as straining tools: sacks, lifts, casting nets. This, in my opinion, is not entirely true, since the coverage of any water area

Nets of this size are out of the question, as well as straining - lifts, saki and casting nets are more accurately called catching tools.

Trawls and seines

Trawls

Trawls are practically not used in recreational fishing and are exclusively fishing gear. A trawl is a fishing gear in the form of a specially shaped mesh bag, towed in the water column or near the bottom, and filtering only those fish that are encountered along the path of the trawl. The gear is quite large, requires at least a powerful boat for towing and is used on inland waters only on reservoirs and large lakes. It is impossible to reduce the trawl to a size that allows it to be used by amateurs - catching large fish will become impossible.
Only for catching live bait in small and heavily overgrown crucian ponds do amateurs use a miniature analogue of fishing gear, also called in some places a “trawl” - a bag made of metal mesh with a wide-open entrance, tied to a strong rope. The tackle is thrown into the reservoir and immediately quickly pulled back, raking in small crucian carp along with the algae.

seine

Seines have been used for fishing for a long time; this is one of the most catchy fishing gear for inland waters, but the use of seines by amateurs is rarely permitted and with great restrictions.
The design of the seines depends on the fishing conditions and the biology of the fish being caught; In general, the seine consists of wings, drives and nets.
The wings are designed to cover the water space and scare away the fish towards the drives that serve to direct the fish into the net (net bag for collecting the catch). Wings can be the same or different in length and height; accordingly, seines are divided into homopterous or heteropterous, and equal or unequal.
The mesh on the wings is usually 1.5–2 times larger than in the motney. The mesh fabric is placed on pick-ups, of which the upper one is equipped with floats, and the lower one with sinkers.
The length of seines can vary greatly - from 50 to many hundreds of meters, even more than a kilometer, the height sometimes exceeds 10–12 m. Naturally, gear of this size is not used in recreational fishing.
The favorite tool of amateur fishermen is called by fishing science as follows: a clockwork homoptera seine. And in common parlance - nonsense. We begin to describe fishing for them.

Breden (dragging, dragging)

Question: what is the difference between a dragnet and a seine and isn’t the word “breden” a synonym for a small seine? Answer: structurally no different, the difference lies in the method of application.
The classic seine is a casting tackle; it is swept out from a boat or boats, surrounding a certain part of the reservoir, after which the tackle is pulled ashore or onto the ice (during winter fishing). Breden is a winding tackle, they bring it into a reservoir and wade it to the fish, without the help of boats. There is almost no winter fishing with nonsense, with the exception of non-freezing rivers, and even then during the thaw, when the air temperature is above zero.
The length of the drags can be very different - from 6 to 70 m, but usually does not exceed 30 m. It is difficult to drag a drag longer than 30 m in the classical way, by wading, especially in deep places - the greater the depth, the more difficult it is for the fisherman to apply significant effort to the tackle ( the catcher’s own positive buoyancy interferes with good adhesion to the bottom). Therefore, long drags are often used to catch small crucian carp ponds (in autumn, when aquatic vegetation falls off), while fishermen walk on dry land, along the shore. This option is possible if the banks are sufficiently clean, without submerged bushes, etc. However, fishermen who want to achieve good catches when fishing for nonsense always prepare places for fishing in advance: they cut down trees that have fallen into the water, clear the bottom of snags and thrown into the water items.
It must be said that the rigs sold in stores are almost always underloaded, and their float lines do not have sufficient buoyancy. As a result, purchased fishing rods are suitable for more or less successful fishing only in the most ideal conditions: in reservoirs without current, with a flat, hard bottom and a complete absence of snags and underwater vegetation.