Where the Turks live the capital. Which city is the capital of Turkey: Istanbul or Ankara? Office hours
Previously, completely different peoples lived on the territory of Turkey: Armenians, Greeks, Jews, Assyrians. Where did the Turks come from? Who are they?
Seljuks
According to official science, the first Turkic-speaking peoples appeared in Asia Minor in the sixth century. Byzantine rulers settled the Bulgars here, the Arabs brought in Turkic-speaking Muslims from Central Asia, and the Armenian kings settled the Avars to protect the outskirts. However, these tribes perished, having dissolved in the local population.
The real ancestors of the Turks were the Seljuks, the Turkic-speaking nomadic peoples who lived in Central Asia and Altai (the Turkish language belongs to the Altai language family), who concentrated around the Oguz tribe, whose rulers converted to Islam.
These were Turkmens, Kynyks, Avshars, Kayy, Karamans and other peoples. First, the Seljuks strengthened in Central Asia, conquered Khorezm and Iran. In 1055, they captured the Caliphate capital of Baghdad and moved west. Farmers from Iran and Arab Iraq joined their ranks.
The Seljuk empire grew, they invaded Central Asia, subjugated Armenia and Georgia, occupied Syria and Palestine, prettyly squeezing Byzantium. In the middle of the XIII century, the empire, not surviving the invasion of the Mongols, collapsed. In 1227, the Kayi tribe moved to the territory of the Seljuks, ruled by Ertorgrul, whose son Osman became the founder of the Turkish state, which was later called the Ottoman Empire.
Mixture
The Mongol invasion caused a new flood of immigrants, and in the XIII century tribes from Khorezm came to Asia Minor. And today, the ancient Horsum tribe roams around Turkey.
From the 12th century, the Turks began to settle down, mixing with indigenous peoples, which marked the beginning of Islamization and Turkization of the population. At the same time, the Pechenegs, Romanians, and Eastern Slavs migrated from the northwest to Asia Minor.
The Turkish people formed by the end of the century. Already in 1327, the official language in some areas of Turkey was Turkic, not Persian. Modern Turkish science believes that the population of Turkey consists of 70% of the descendants of the Seljuk Turks and 30% of the indigenous population.
Another version
Russian science believed otherwise. The encyclopedia of Efron and Brockhaus indicated that the ancestors of the Turks were “Ural-Altai tribes,” but due to the mass of immigrants of other nationalities, they have long lost their authenticity, and now the Turks are the descendants of the Greeks, Bulgarians, Serbs, Albanians and Armenians.
It turned out that such confidence is based on the history of warlike Ottomans. First they conquered the territory of Byzantium, then the Balkans, Greece, Egypt. And everywhere they took prisoners and slaves.
Slaves paid the conquered peoples, children and wives were taken for debts from the Slavs. Turks married Armenians, Slavs, Greek women. And the children inherited the features of these peoples.
There was another process that led to the "ureturing" of the Greeks and other peoples who were previously under the patronage of Byzantium. After Constantinople was barbarously plundered by the crusaders in 1204, the Greeks ceased to regard the Latins as allies.
Many chose to stay "under the Ottomans" and pay jizyah - a tax for infidels, instead of leaving for Europe. Just at that time, Islamic preachers appeared, broadcasting that there were not many differences between religions and persuading the Byzantines to convert to Islam.
Genetics
Genetic studies confirm that the Turks are heterogeneous. Almost a quarter of Anatolian Turks can be attributed to autochthonous peoples, a quarter to Caucasian tribes, 11% have a Phoenician gallogroup (these are descendants of the Greeks), 4% of the population have East Slavic roots.
Anthropologists believe that the average Turk is a representative of the European race, but the Seljuk Turks were not Caucasian. Central Asia is still inhabited by monogoloid peoples.
What do Turks think
Turkish ethnographer Makhturk became interested in this issue. He traveled to Central Asia and Altai to find there ethnic groups related to the Turks, to find common legends, identical elements in patterns and clothes, common rituals. He climbed into remote villages and remote camps, but found nothing.
Moreover, he was surprised that anthropologically people in Central Asia are very different from the Turks. And then the professor came up with the theory that official history embellishes reality, and in the 12th century, Turkic tribes began their migration because of a nonsense. They moved first to the southeast, and then to Iran and Asia Minor.
The ethnographer noted that there are still purebred Turks in Turkey, they have retained a Mongoloid appearance and compactly live in only a few areas of the country.
According to statistics, 89 million Turks now live in the world. 59 million of them live in Turkey, five in Syria and Iraq, and almost seven in Europe.
The largest number of Turks in Germany is four million, 800,000 Turks live in Bulgaria, and half a million in Britain. A million Turks live in the Netherlands and in Austria. In Belgium - 200,000 Turks, in Greece - 120,000, in Switzerland - 100,000, in Macedonia - 78,000, in Denmark - 60,000, in Romania - up to 80,000, in Italy - 21,000. There are 500,000 Turks in the USA . Only 105,058 Turks live in Russia.
Konya is one of the oldest cities in Turkey. People began to settle here as early as 4 thousand BC, and in Chatal-Hyuk, which is nearby, even in 7.5 thousand BC The city existed under the Hittites, Phrygians, Greeks and Romans. The Greco-Roman Iconium is mentioned in the New Testament, the apostles Paul and Barnabas preached here. According to legend, the Christian Saint Paraskeva-Friday was born here.
In the 11th century, Iconium was captured by the Seljuk Turks, it received a new name - Konya. In the 12-13 centuries, Konya is the capital of the Rumsky (Seljuk) Sultanate. The city has become the main cultural center of the Seljuk state. Here lived Jalaladdin Rumi, a poet and Sufi mystic, founder of the Order of the Dervishes of Mevlevi. In this regard, Konya is still the largest Islamic religious center.
Alaadin Keykubad Mosque (12th century) The oldest mosque in Konya, in its courtyard is the mausoleum-tomb of the Seljuk Sultans. It has a hipped roof typical of the Seljuk mausoleums.
I arrived in Konya from the resort of Alanya. It’s not very long to go there - less than 5 hours. To get from the coast to the inland areas of Turkey where Konya is located, the bus needs to cross the Taurus Range. There may be snow even in summer.
View of the Taurus Range from the north. After mountain serpentines, the bus descends to the plain and makes a stop. Here you can evaluate the path done.
The area in the Konya region resembles Central Asia. That is why the Seljuks chose it as the capital. In addition, the Konya region is the all-Turkish granary, here it is very fertile land.
Life here is leisurely, as in any provincial city. Although the population is decent - more than a million people.
It is believed that Konya is a very conservative and religious city, but it seemed to me that this was somewhat far-fetched. Konya is certainly not a resort, but I did not notice a special religious fundamentalism, as they say in many guidebooks.
I stayed in a small hotel near the Sharafeddin Mosque. There are a lot of cheap hotels in the city, all of them are located near the Mevlana complex - the main tourist and religious pilgrimage center in Konya. I bargained a small room with breakfast included for 30 lira, it is worth noting that meals in local lokant are also inexpensive, I dined for only 6 lira.
Below, the mausoleum of Sharafeddin, combined with a mosque. There are many such tented mausoleums in the city. All of them are built of bricks, with the exception of stone mausoleums in the former Konya citadel, on the Alaaddin hill. 
The Great Mosque or Al Al-Din mosque in the former citadel. 
Unfortunately, Konya has now lost all of its once numerous defensive installations. There are no outer walls or walls of the Citadel. Interestingly, European travelers saw the fortress walls of Konya almost in full in the 19th century. Several drawings of the Seljuk fortification have been preserved. But then all the walls magically disappeared, and in a short time - by the beginning of the 20th century, almost nothing remained.
Konya Citadel Hill at the end of the 19th century. A lonely tower is visible in front of the mosque - this is all that remains of the palace of the Seljuk sultans. 
Of course, the city was subjected to earthquakes, which destroyed a lot, but it should be noted that there have always been earthquakes in Asia Minor. The only conclusion that follows from this is that the Turks themselves destroyed all the fortifications and the remains of other medieval buildings. An interesting paradox manifests itself here - the Turks completely destroyed their own legacy, destroying Konya - their old capital in Asia Minor, but preserved, for example, the Byzantine walls of Constantinople ....
It is worth noting that the walls of the Konya Citadel, which was located on a hill, did not bother anyone, there is now no development there - just a city park. Why they did this is incomprehensible.
The Grand Mosque is the only surviving structure on the hill of the Citadel. Before it, Byzantine buildings were located here, which partially became part of the mosque.
The mosque was built by many Seljuk sultans, in several stages. Therefore, now inside it is a "dream of a mad architect" - it is an almost chaotic cluster of walls, columns and pillars. Everything is diverse, the floors and ceilings are at different levels, the prayer hall is now narrowing, now expanding. It can be seen that there was no clear plan initially - each sultan built something of his own ..
The main mihrab of the Great Mosque of Konya. 
In the courtyard of the Grand Mosque are two mausoleums. The one with the conical roof served as the main tomb for the Sultans of Rum. It is still unknown who was buried in the neighboring one.
Actually the tomb is the basement, this is the lower door in the photo. Upstairs was a prayer room, where there were simply tombstones.
The Turba Mausoleum, which became the burial place of the Seljukid sultans, was originally built for the Sultan Kalych Arslan II in 1188 by the master Yusof ibn Abdul Ghaffar.
It is worth noting here that Turkish architecture had a great influence on the structures of the Golden Horde. The Mongols borrowed tent roofs from the Seljuks. In the Middle Ages, similar tower tent mausoleums stood on the Volga in hundreds, but now in Russia there is only one similar mausoleum in Bulgaria.
The very origin of the tent buildings in Asia is covered in fog. Different versions come up. Turks love to claim that the shape of such mausoleums comes from the Turkic nomadic yurt. Looking at the Kalych Arslan mausoleum, this is unlikely to come to mind, it is very tall for a yurt. There is an opinion about the Armenian origin of these structures, since the Turkic mausoleums are similar in shape to the bell towers and heads of Armenian churches, and it was often Armenian masters who built them. The "Persian" version also seems plausible - the Turks borrowed the form of their burials from the Zoroastrians of Central Asia and Iran .. In general, this secret is great :)
The burial of eight Seljuk sultans in the Grand Mosque, among them lies Ala ad-Din Keykubad I - the most famous Seljuk ruler, who gave his name to this mosque and the resort city of Alanya. 
The external walls of the mosque, as always, is a "fortress in a fortress" .. 
For the construction of the mosque were stones from Byzantine buildings. 
This piece of wall is all that remains of the palace of the Sultans of Rum. The Turks hid him under an intricate roof.
Madrasah Inje Minare (1264). Now here is a museum of stone carving. About him, as well as about other museums in Konya, I will make separate posts. 
Facade of Inje Minare - one of the masterpieces of the Seljuk "baroque". 
Karatay Madrasah (1251). Now here is a museum of ceramics. 
A small mausoleum near the Karatai madrasah. 
The streets of Konya. 
The second oldest mosque in Konya is Iplikchi Jami, it was built in 1202. According to legend, Mevlana himself - Jalaladdin Rumi was engaged in meditations in it. 
This gloomy brick structure is somewhat reminiscent of a Byzantine basilica. 
Ottoman Selimiye Mosque, it is located next to the Mevlana complex. 
Mausoleum of Ishaq Pasha 
Late Ottoman mosque Aziziye Jami. 
Mausoleum of 1421 inside a residential quarter. 
Portal of the Sahip Ata Kullliesi Mosque (1258). Once this portal was decorated with two minarets on both sides. 
Sahip Ata is one of the oldest wooden mosques in Turkey. 
Another tent-mausoleum belonging to the vizier of the Sultan of Keykubad (1239) 
In the background is a huge modern mosque .. 
To be continued....
My other posts are about Turkey.
“Is Ankara or Istanbul the capital of Turkey?” - many foreign tourists wonder. And they are very surprised when they hear that the main city is located somewhere in the north-west of the country. What makes people think that the capital is Istanbul? Probably, the sensational series "The Magnificent Century", an epic in which he described the ups and downs in the family of Suleiman Kanuni (Just). Yes, the city on the Golden Horn was the capital. And by the way, not only during the sultans. What about Ankara? Is it a “new building”, like, say, the Kazakh capital Astana? Read about the ups and downs of the fate of the two cities in this article.
The foundation of Istanbul
The honor of laying the "first stone" in the city belongs to the Greek colonists. In 658 BC e. they arrived from Megara and founded a settlement on a small island that was located between the Sea of \u200b\u200bMarmara and the Golden Horn Bay. They named their city in honor of their leader Byzant. The favorable geographical position, which made it possible to control the passage of ships from to Chernoye and vice versa, contributed to the enrichment of residents, the development of crafts and trade. The city of Byzantium - the future capital of Turkey, Istanbul - quickly became one of the main Greek policies. In 74 BC e. Asia Minor conquered Rome. The city, whose territory had long stretched far beyond the original islet, continued to flourish. But the invasion of the barbarians, which was the beginning of the end of the Roman Empire, shook the well-being of the inhabitants of Byzant. By the third century AD, the city fell into decay.
Antique Ankara
If you ask which ancient city is Byzantium or Angira (this is the former name of the capital of Turkey), it should be recognized that both modern megalopolises arose at about the same time, in the 7th century before Christ, but Ankara has something to plug Istanbul . Not far from it is the unique Neolithic city of Chatal-Hyuk. Yes, and in the territory of modern Ankara in the XI century (long before the arrival of the Greek colonists) there was a fortress, which was one of the links in the defensive chain of the Hittite civilization. Interestingly, the Greek name “Angira” translates as “anchor”. Where does such a ship symbol come from in a city remote from the seas? Angira lay at the crossroads of many roads connecting Asia Minor with Europe and Africa. Due to its favorable position, the city was constantly becoming the target of attacks. It was owned by the Persians, Phrygians, Celts. A special impetus for economic development was given by the Roman conquest. Emperor Augustus built his summer residence here. In Angir, as in ancient Byzantium, there were such benefits of civilization as sewage, water supply, street lighting, the fire service and the police monitored the order.
Times of decline
The eastern part of the vast Roman Empire was less affected by the invasion of the barbarians than the western. Therefore, the native of Trier (modern Germany) Constantine the Great decided in 324 to move the capital of his state to Byzantium. In order for the city to fall into a certain decline in line with metropolitan standards, the emperor started large-scale construction. He introduced for potential immigrants - artisans and merchants. For six years, the area of \u200b\u200bthe city has increased several times. He, of course, was smaller than modern Ankara or Istanbul. The capital of Turkey at that time was a small city. But Byzantium, which Constantine renamed New Rome, flourished. The emperor really wanted his capital to overshadow the Eternal City with his luxury. In addition to benefits for entrepreneurs, he handed out bread, olive oil and fuel to the needy from the treasury. From Athens, Ephesus, Rome and Corinth, sculptors and artists, architects and clergy were invited to New Rome.
The times of Byzantium
The name did not take root, and after the death of the emperor, the city was renamed to Constantinople. It was a real metropolis from the early Middle Ages. The relics of the main saints were brought here, magnificent temples, baths, tanks, a hippodrome were built. The city, given under the patronage of the Virgin, had several commercial and military ports. After the final collapse of the Roman Empire, Constantinople became the capital of a new state - Byzantium. This mighty power, led by the basileus, extended much further than today's Turkey. The capital (the map clearly demonstrates this) was then almost in the center of the country. The spiritual influence of Byzantium extended even further. Religion of the Slavic peoples came to us from there. And also the alphabet - Cyrillic. But Tsargrad (as the Slavs called Constantinople) was the object of military campaigns. Kings of the West, crusaders, Slavs, Huns, Persians, Avars, Arabs and Pechenegs dreamed of mastering it.
Ankara during the time of Byzantium
The luxury and splendor of the great empire, albeit indirectly, also affected the eastern neighbor of Constantinople - the modest Angira. A major highway to the East, to Asia passed through this city. Arabs and crusaders fought for control of the Silk Road. With the weakening of the Byzantine Empire, Ankara - the capital of Turkey in the future - became the property of the Seljuks. This happened after the Battle of Malaysia in 1073. Under the Seljuks, the city did not decline. But here the Ottomans appeared in the historical arena. At the beginning of the 15th century, their troops led by Sultan Bayazid I fought in the Angora battle with the army of Timur. The city and its surroundings were severely destroyed. True, the troops of the Sultan in this battle were defeated, and he himself was captured.
Magnificent century
561 years ago, on May 29, 1453, Constantinople was taken by the army of Mehmed II Fatih (Conqueror). Konstantin XI Paleolog, the last basileus, died in battle. Thus ended the more than 1,100-year-old history of the Byzantine Empire. Constantinople was renamed Istanbul. The “Brilliant Porta” (as contemporaries called the Ottoman Empire of the Turks), having inherited such an economic potential, has become one of the prominent players in the political arena of the world. Mehmed Fatih did not have a question - Ankara or Istanbul. The Ottoman capital of Turkey was supposed to conquer the imagination of foreign ambassadors with luxury and unprecedented scope. It is here that grand mosques and, naturally, the Topkapi Sultan's Palace are built.
Ankara during the Ottoman Empire
The current capital of Turkey, even before the fall of Constantinople, first went to the Seljuks, and then to the Ottomans. This city on the Anatolian Highlands has long been accustomed to the life of a border outpost. From the 6th to the 9th centuries (even under the Byzantine basileus), a citadel with a double ring of defensive walls was built in the city. The capital of Turkey, Istanbul, was linked to Ankara by a trade route. Consequently, the provincial city was still not a backwater. Mosques are built here - some directly on the basis of Christian churches, which, in turn, were erected on the site of pagan temples. The oldest Muslim building in Ankara is the Hadzhibayram mosque, built in the 15th century on the ruins of the Temple of Augustine and Rum. This religious building still performs its functions. Inside is the tomb of Haji Bayram, the saint and founder of the deceased in 1430.
Ankara - the capital of Turkey
In the 18-19th centuries, weakened by constant wars, fell into decay. Even in World War I, Turkey decided to support Germany - and as a result shared the bitterness of defeat with it. Therefore, in 1918, Istanbul was occupied by the armies of France, Great Britain and Greece. But soon, after the struggle for independence, the world recognized the sovereignty of Turkey. In 1923, the leader proclaimed the overthrow of the monarchy and the formation of the Republic. He wanted to distance himself as much as possible from the "Sultan" of Istanbul, especially since there were many supporters of the old regime. In addition, Atatürk wanted to move the capital away from the "line of war." Ankara was not chosen by chance. This city was in relative proximity to Istanbul, moreover, it was connected with it by a railway line. But the new capital of Turkey (the photo of those years is eloquent evidence) was a complete backwater. In the city there was no water supply, lighting, sewage. Ambassadors sarcastically mentioned that donkeys are tied to the lattice window of the country's Foreign Ministry.
The capital of Turkey is now
Ataturk invested a lot in the arrangement and development of the city. Now it is a multi-million megalopolis. The main attraction of Ankara is the mausoleum of the national leader Ataturk. Next to the latest buildings, narrow medieval streets and ancient mosques adjoin here. But numerous embassies and government buildings dispel any doubt about which city - Ankara or Istanbul - is the capital of Turkey.
In my opinion, many consider it to be the capital of Turkey, but this is far from the case. Simply - this is one of the largest cities in Turkey, where infrastructure, industry is well developed, this city is considered the cultural center of Turkey. And in terms of population, he ranks first in the country. And already - the capital of Turkeytakes second place. Well, historically, it turned out that it was Ankara that became the capital of Turkey, it was transferred to this city. Going deeper in more detail when answering this question, you can find the truth, you only need to know a few historical facts. Let's look at them.
Facts from the story
Once upon a time, when the Byzantine Empire still existed, the capital of today's Turkey was Constantinople, but during the fall of this empire, a new Ottoman Empire was founded. Everything has changed: laws, charters, even cities have been renamed. So Constantinople was renamed the capital of the Ottoman Empire - Istanbul, one of the largest cities with its own port. Later, namely in the 20 years of the twentieth century, when the Ottoman Empire fell, Mustafa Kemal proclaimed the creation of the new Turkish Republic, the capital of which was the city. To this day, it is the capital of Turkey, but simply one of the largest resort and tourist cities of this country.
That is precisely why Istanbul did not become the capital of Turkey. But this does not prevent him from further developing dynamically. The city today thrives on tourists and a well-developed resort business.
Tour operators who organize group cultural and historical tours consider Ankara as a "place for a passing stop overnight," then to go on a tour of other sights of the country. For example, bus tours that start from Istanbul and include sightseeing inland (tours to Cappadocia or throughout Turkey) usually include a one-day visit to Ankara. For independently traveling tourists, Ankara is also not the most popular destination, but in order to see the richness of the history and culture of Anatolia and Turkey, you must definitely visit the capital Ankara.
History of Ankara
It is difficult to determine the exact date of foundation of Ankara, but it is assumed that as early as the Khet period (1800 - 1180 BC) the city already existed under the name “Ankuvash”. The Phrygians who replaced the Hittites (in the 7th century BC) renamed the city “Ankira”. Arriving from Thrace, the Phrygians occupied Anatolia from the Sea of \u200b\u200bMarmara to the river. Phrygian cities were considered today's Afyon, Ankara, Eskisehir and ancient Gordion. The ancient capital of Phrygia, Gordion, is 90 km away. west of Ankara, near the modern village of Yassıhüyük. Gordion received the name on behalf of the Phrygian king Gordia, the founder of the city. The most famous story related to the city of Gordion is the story of Gordian knot. The origins of the phraseology “The Gordian Knot” date back to mythological times when Phrygia did not have a ruler.
Gordian knot - legend
“In those days there lived a peasant named Gordios, who predicted that one day he would become king. Another prophecy said, however, that the king of Phrygia would be the man who first entered the city on a harness with oxen tied to the harness with such a knot that no one could untie. Both prophecies came true, and Gordios became king of Phrygia. His team was preserved in memory of these events. ”
After phrygians Ankara owned lydians and Persians. Later, in 333 BC, on the way to India, the army of Alexander the Great passed by the city. Centuries later, when Alexander the Great stopped near Ankara in Gordionewas intrigued by a complex knot. Without philosophizing and without thinking for a very long time, I cut Gordian knot by the sword. It is assumed that turkish knot is famous Gordian Knot.
In 25 BC e. located at the intersection of caravan routes Ankira ( Ankara), became the administrative center roman province of Galatia. It was later owned the Byzantinesconquered arabs, crusaders and seljuks. Mid 14th century Ankara was conquered ottoman Turks.
Ankara - The Capital of the Republic of Turkey
World War I (1914) actually put an end to the Ottoman Empire. Turkey entered the First World War on the side of Germany, and after the defeat, Turkey was occupied by Entente troops. It was during these years (1918 - 1923) that Ankara became the center of the national liberation movement. After the founding of the Republic of Turkey in 1923, Kemal Atatürk transferred the capital from Istanbul to Ankara. In those days, Ankara was a small city with a population of only 60,000 people.
Attractions Ankara
Old part of the city Ankara called Ulus. All historical sights are located in this part of the city. The modern city center is called Kyzylay (Kızılay).
Museum of Anatolian Civilizations in Ankara
One of the main attractions Ankara is one of the richest museums in the world - Museum of Anatolian Civilizations.Here is a unique collection of exhibits from all over Anatolia (Asia Minor) and the world's largest collection of monuments hittite culture. Along with this, the museum contains collections from the Paleolithic period, Neolithic stone products, Bronze Age items and material culture monuments that apply to all civilizations that lived on Anatolia (Phrygians, Assyrians and Urartu). Virtual tour of the museum halls
Photo of museum exhibits
The solar disk - Bronze. III millennium BC
Ceremonial standard - III millennium BC
Anitkabir - Mausoleum of Ataturk
One of the modern architectural monuments of Ankara is the mausoleum of the founder and first president of the Republic of Turkey Mustafa Kemal Ataturk. The mausoleum is located in the new part of the city. Built 15 years after death Ataturkin 1953, in honor of this legendary person. The mausoleum consists of 3 parts. The first part is Lion way (262 meters) is lined with statues of seated lions, 12 on each side. The lion's path leads to the second part of the mausoleum - Ceremonial Square.And the third part is the main building of the mausoleum.The sarcophagus with the remains of Ataturk is stored inside the mausoleum. In the hall with the sarcophagus are vases filled with earth brought from all provinces Turkey . Near the mausoleum there is a museum where Mustafa Kemal's personal items are presented. The museum is worth attention already thanks to its amazing historical panoramas of the war of independence accompanied by thematic music.
Photo of Aniktkabir in Ankara
Ethnographic Museum in Ankara founded in 1925 and is considered the first museum open after the proclamation of the republic. This museum contains collections of items related mainly to Seljuk and Ottoman period. These are household items and everyday life of the Turks, which clearly demonstrate the folk traditions and the specifics of various crafts.
Museum of the War of Independence in Ankara
The museum is located on the square Ulus.The museum displays the history of the events of the war of independence and as exhibits here are mainly photographs and documents. The museum highlights the events of the 20s of the XX century, when an independent modern state was created on the ruins of the Ottoman Empire that collapsed during the First World War. In this building was the first parliament Turkish Republic.
Haji Bayram Mosque in Ankara
Haji Bayram - oldest in Ankara - has more than six centuries. Built in the middle of the XV century, and is still operational. In the mosque is the tomb of Haji Bayram - the head of the monastic order in the fifteenth century. The Temple of Augustine and Roma is connected by a common wall with haji Byram Mosque. It was built during the reign of Emperor Augustus.
Temple of Augustine and Roma in Ankara
Temple of Augustine and Romalocated in the vicinity of the mosque Haji Bayram, was erected in the 1st century BC during the reign of Emperor Augustus . It is in this period Ankara was declared the capital of the Roman province Galatia.
Roman Baths in Ankara
Entrance to roman bath located on анкankırı caddesi boulevard. Roman baths were erected in the 3rd century AD under the control of the emperor Caracalla and dedicated to the god of medicine and healing. Bath size 80 x 130 m.
