Migrant workers are who? How many migrant workers in Russia?

Migrant workers are foreigners working on temporary hire. The word itself happened from the German language and is literally translated as a "guest worker". In Russia, it is jargonism and often perceived by people as having a negative color. On the territory of our country, the concept of "guest worker" was widespread since the end of the 1990s, first in and then in conversational speech.

History of the term

In German, this word was introduced into use for the replacement of the concept of "Fredarbayters", which in Nazi times called people brought to Germany for forced labor. The new term was deprived of a negative color inherent in the old one, and had a little different meaning. In the understanding of the Germans, guest workers are workers, voluntarily at the invitation of the German government who came to the country to carry out work.

In Russian, first, the word was used with an emphasis on the second syllable (on the German manner), but later the emphasis was shifted to one syllable closer to the end. In the CIS, the flow of migrants was not, as in Germany, was caused by government invitations, therefore the term is perceived ironically. Often in electronic media, you can see the ridiculous visitors of employees of videos and photos. Migrant workers in the CIS consider to be offensive to these concepts.

Suppliers of labor migrants

In the general sense, migrant workers are immigrants from countries that are the most poor in an economic sense. They are cheap, but at the same time with an unqualified workforce. Previously suppliers of foreign workers in Europe were Romania, Bulgaria, Greece, Russia, Italy, Poland, the countries of the former Yugoslavia (with the exception of Slovenia), Spain, Portugal, Ireland.

Currently, Tajik, Ukrainian, Chinese, Uzbek guest workers, as well as people from Albania, Kyrgyzstan, Turkey, Moldova, and India are the greatest share of the total number of migrants in the CIS. In Europe, the CIS leads in terms of the absolute number of labor migrants, and in the world only the United States is inferior in this indicator, where the Mexicans and other representatives of Latin America are mainly mexicans. The third place in the number of foreign workers is occupied by Germany, where the Turks go massively, although in a short time, it can be fastened to SPAIN from this position, where the predominant part of labor migrants make up Arabs and Latin Americans.

Migrant workers in Russia

Back in the 1970s and 1980s, Vietnam's citizens were massively involved in the USSR to work on Moscow and AZLK. They concluded four- and six-year contracts, which could not be terminated on the initiative of employees. Vietnamese worked in good faith, almost did not use alcohol and actively bought Soviet lots of consumer goods, not in demand from the local population. When the USSR collapsed and the plants went bankrupt, many workers were driving on the CIS and began to work illegally. But then no one nobody called them migrantarbaters. Such a term appeared much later when after 2003-2004. In Russia, the phenomenon of labor migration flows from Central Asia became a reality.

Russian migrant workers felt particularly freely in connection with the adoption of new legislation in 2007, significantly simplifying the procedure for temporary registration in the territory of the country of foreigners who arrived in order to carry out work. Such innovations mainly touched migrants from the states with which the Russian Federation has as a result of such events the number of legally working foreigners in Russia, according to the FMS, has increased in two or three times.

How many migrant workers in Russia

As of December 2014, 11.07 million foreign citizens were located in our country, according to the information held in the federal migration service. Every year about 1.3 million labor migrants arrive in Russia for legal work, and somewhere 2.5 million people work illegally. Or annually receive about 450 thousand foreigners. Now you can imagine how much migrant workers in Russia! The main suppliers to our country is Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Ukraine, Tajikistan, Moldova.

Main professions

Migrant workers in Russia formed a kind of caste on the types of work performed. So, at the lowest stage there are migrants engaged in unqualified severe physical labor: chicken trenches, digging holes, unloading and loading work. Masonry, Tiler are considered more qualified workers. And the highest paid migrant workers are welders and electricians.

In general, the work of labor migrants is low-paid, dirty and heavy. Often, foreigners who came to earn money in their families are the only breadlords, and in their homeland their salary are at times lower than in Russia. Vacancies that occupy migrant workers, the local population does not cause interest due to the low level of income and severe working conditions. In Moscow alone, according to the FMS for 2013, there are 800 thousand labor migrants, although independent experts argue that this figure is strongly understated, and migrant workers in the capital about 2 million people.

Attitude of society

Regarding foreign workers in Russia, several different ideas are common. Prevails the opinion that migrant workers are people disadvantaged and unfortunate, whom the circumstances of life have forced to make money with dirty, heavy, irrevocable labor. They live like bums, in inhuman conditions, suffer from not hosting them, hostile social medium, suffer humiliation and aggressive attitude towards themselves. Russians believe that labor migrants are people of low intellectual and cultural level and therefore can carry heavy conditions for life and labor. Russian citizens pushes the poor knowledge of the Russian language by foreign workers, which makes it difficult to the process of communication, the external ufder and an open demonstration of the absence of culture. At the same time, some Russians celebrate positive communicative qualities of migrant workers. As for issues of obtaining migrants of Russian citizenship, here opinions differ very much.

Finally

Migrant workers in Russia are called "Jamshuts", "Chocks", "Tajiks". Skinheads hunt them, their employers are deceived, they eat badly and sleep a little, but at the same time they perform the most dirty and hard work for a penny. In the distant villages on the expanses of Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Tajikistan, they do not have the opportunity to earn, and to feed the family, they go to our "hospitable" Russia and work on our blessing. Many Russians find it difficult to answer the question of what is more from migrant workers: benefits or harm. This is really a discussion question, but in any case, we should not allow the manifestations of xenophobia and respond about labor migrants is humilly and offensive.