Castile and Leon Spain. Castile and Leon winemaking region. Region of wine Castile and Leon

This Spanish city in the north of the Pyrenean Peninsula is known for the fact that for a long time was the capital of the Kingdom of Castile and served as an obstacle in the path of the Moorish invasion of Europe. Maurus repeatedly ruined him, but the Spaniards restored him again and again. The kings loved Burgos and built a magnificent cathedral in it, which had to be visited by any Catholic, who was walking on the pilgrimage path of St. Jacob.

On the way of St. Jacob

The flourishing and glory of Burgos greatly helped the fact that the city was on the main pilgrimage path of medieval Europe.

The Spanish city of Burgos is located in the north of the Pyrenean Peninsula in the area of \u200b\u200blow hills, which are located between the Cantabrian Mountains in the north and the spurs of the central place in the south. Burgos stretches from the east to the West, taking the valley of the Aronson River - Douro's tributary. Several acts of Aronson himself fall into it in the city, some dry in the summer. Burgos is relatively cool for Spain and windy winter with frequent and abundant snowfall, which is caused by its location on the hill and away from the coast.

The place where Burgos is located is one of the places of detection of the first ancestor of a person in Europe: the remains of hominids are found in the caves of the mountains of Atapuerc, including the bones of Homo Antecessor (predecessor's human) by age at least 800 thousand years. The hominids were fed by cereals and raw meat and did not know how to mine and store fire. Excavations in the Ataporterka district are included in UNESCO World Heritage List.

In 712, Muslim troops invaded the Pyrenean Peninsula and quickly conquered its part of it, except the lands, which lay north of the Cantabrian Mountains. The Christian kingdom of Asturias, which began the war for the liberation of the Peninsula from Mavrov. In the VIII century Asturian troops seized the territory along the Duer River and started their settlement. In 884, the King of Asturia Alfonso III Great (848-910) ordered the Castilian Count of Diego Rodriguez to build a fortress on the hill of the right bank of the Aronson River, which was supposed to be an obstacle to Mauritan raids on Castile and Leon.

The fortress raped quickly to the size of the medieval city and became the center of Burgos county. During the feudal wars, accompanying the reconquist, in the second half of the h., Burgos became the capital of Castile. The appearance of a powerful fortress at the borders of the ownership of Maurians could not help but cause their aggression, and they have repeatedly destroyed it in the X-XI centuries., After which the city had once literally from scratch.

In 1035, Castilia was proclaimed by the kingdom, Burgos became his capital, all the kings of Castile XI centuries were crowned in it. In 1072, the ruler of the united Kingdom of Castile and Leon became Alfonso VI brave (1043-1109). After Toledo capture in 1085, the capital was moved there, but Burgos remained the King's residence before the beginning of the XVII century.

In 1075, the King of Alfonso laid the Royal Church of the Virgin Mary. The current church in its place is built in the Gothic style in the XIII-XIV centuries.

By the XI century The ancient Roman road from La Riochi was restored through Burgos to Galia, which became the basis of the famous path of St. James - pilgrimage from the south of France to the Galician city of Santiago de Compostela. The endless flow of the Bogomolev rich Burgos: only shelters for pilgrims in the city had more than 300.

In 1221 in the center of the Old Town on the site of the former Romanesque temple on the command of the King Ferdinand III, and from the blessing of the Bishop Mauricio began the construction of the Cathedral, which became a mandatory visit site at pilgrimage along the path of St. Jacob. The dust of the Spanish National Hero Rodrigo de Bivar is resting in the temple, better known as El Sid, born in Burgos, and his spouses. There is also Cyson: the sword presumably belonging to Sid. The Cathedral is included in the UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The Aronson River divides the city into two parts. The historic center of Burgos is located on the right bank - an old area area of \u200b\u200bless than 1 km2 with blocks around the Cathedral of the Burglary Virgin Mary of Burgos. In the old town, medieval irregular layout has been preserved. His Western border - the hill, on which the fortress of Burgosa rises. Left bank - houses of ordinary urban development.

Ups and downs of the capital of Northern Spain

The city of Burgos is often referred to as the capital center of the North of the country, recalling his glorious history. But a lot in this story was black pages, and more than once the city turned out to be on the verge of complete destruction.

B XII-XIII centuries. In the Castile, the places were universally created - unions of the noblewood unions: to settle questions with pastures, distillation of livestock and the protection of their interests in front of neighboring territories. In 1273, the places were united to the Honorary Council, meeting in Burgos and received by the King Alfonso X the wise privilege of the string of herd throughout the country.

Wool was exported to France, Holland and England. Money derived from trading operations turned Burgos in the XIII-XVI centuries. One of the largest trade and financial centers of the country. And in the XIV century. The city became one of the places of the meeting of the Spanish version of Parliament - Cortes.

For a long time, Burgos was considered a city where, thanks to the rise in the economy, social problems were almost absent or quickly suppressed. The painting of general well-being has completely changed in the middle of the XIV C.: The country covered the epidemic of plague, which took a third of the population of the whole of Europe. The pilgrimage path of St. Jacob fell into decay, as well as trade. The population has found solving problems in Jewish pogroms. In Burgos, there were many Jews-merchants. According to Castilian laws, managerial positions in cities could only take Christians. Many Jews were baptized (such a conversion called) and concluded marriages with the poor nobles, focusing in their hands the greatest power. Pogroms occurred repeatedly, and in the middle of the XV century. In Burgos, they adopted a law that prohibited people with Jewish blood to hold high positions.

Despite epidemics, wars and social shocks, a large construction was conducted in the city. In the second half of the XV century. The Palace of Connyabley was built, which is in the city center, which has become a place for important historical events. In 1497, Catholic kings took Christopher Columbus in it. The discoverer of the new world argued that he really reached asia, although in fact it was the island of Cuba. In 1506, the King of Castile Philip I was died in the palace, and the famous mourning procession of his widow of Juan I insane began from here.

The next shock city suffered in 1520. The townspeople were extremely unhappy with the politician King Carlos I (1500-1558), who proclaimed himself as a king against the desire of Cortes. In addition, the Spaniards did not like the dominance of foreigners at the courtyard. Burgos became one of the cities that joined the rising commune (commoners). However, the nobles of Burgos, who stood at the head of the uprising, won the guarantee of the king that they would be preserved privileges in the trade of wool and betrayed the rebels. The uprising was suppressed, but Burgos turned out to be hardly the only city where demonstrative mass executions were not arranged.

By the beginning of the XVI century. The Reformation sharply reduced the popularity of the SV. Jacob. The main source of income remained sheep wool. Grew and trade with new light. But in the XVII century. The Spanish economy plunged into a deep crisis due to failing royal policy. Burgas began to gradually fade.

The beginning of the XIX century. Brought to Burgos of war and French occupation. In 1812, the English commander Arthur Wellington was trying to take Burgos to Burgos, but then he left him. In 1830-1840. Burgos was in the center of the Portlist Wars: Prince Carlos supporters advocated the preservation of old urban privileges.

The Great Depression of 1929 aggravated the confrontation between Republicans - supporters of reforms and phalanxists - adherents of old orders. The leader of phalangeists General Francisco Franco raised the uprising, and during the Civil War 1936-1939. Burgos took the phalanxists, turning the city to their headquarters. After the end of the war, until October 18, 1939, Burgos was the capital of all Spain.

Currently, this is the tourist center of the North of Spain.

Curious facts

■ back in the XI century. Burgos became a major center of crafts. However, unlike most European major cities, craft shops as a form of public self-organization of artisans did not develop here. Craftsmen were separated, "free craft" flourished. The reason was the stubborn resistance of the Castilian seniors, the threat of their power and income in the workshop movement was inspired. Separate artisans activists simply drowned in Arlançon, attributing the spread of heresy.

■ Cathedral of Burgos - the third largest in Spain after the Cathedral of Seville and Toledo: its length is 84 m, and the width is 59 m.

■ In the main neopa of the cathedral at an altitude of 15 m, there are hours with a figurine of the character of the folk puppet theater on the nickname papato pump, or a simpler. The figure comes in motion when it comes to repel the next hour. The figure opens his mouth and right hand controls the bell bell. In general, such a device is rather unusual for the interior of the temple, and even more so - the cathedral.

■ The most impressive part of the urban fortress is a limestone dungeon, where in the XII-XIII centuries. The well dug a depth of 61.5 m and a diameter of 1.74 m. Next to it, a staircase is built of six 10-meter vertical cylinders with a diameter of 1.4 m to access the bottom of the well to contain it clean.

■ In 884, as reported by Castilian and AstA-RO-Leon Annals, Castille Count Diego Rodriguez Piselos "settled Burgos." It is believed that this is the date of the foundation of the city, but, apparently, in the wigs, the settlement already existed here. For example,
in 860, the Arab historian mentions the city of Bourci in its work, which is probably the first mention of Burgos. Nevertheless, the official Spanish historical chronology insists on the date 884 g, as the basis of the base of Burgos.

■ In 1080, a church cathedral was held in Burgos, where at the insistence of the Pope of the Roman should have been replaced by the replacement of the ancient Moomarabian worship service to Roman. Mosarabami called Christians, for a long time living on subject to Muslims lands and exposed to the strongest Arabic influence. Mosarabov was a lot, including among the priests, and they violently resisted the replacement of rites, fearing to lose their cultural identity. The fate of the rite agreed to solve the Knight's fight between Mosarab and Pope's supporter. Mosarab won. Dad did not calm down, and in 1085, another test was arranged in Burgos. The bonfire was thrown into the bonfire, the scrolls were thrown out, and the one that was Mosarabsky was not burned. The king of Alfonso Vi was tired of these, as he called them, "games", and the monarch simply commanded to declare the victory of the Roman rite.

ATTRACTIONS

■ Historical: excavations of hominids (Cave of Atapuerc Mountains, OK. 800 thousand years), Burgos Fortress (X-III centuries, Rear. XVIII - XIX centuries), lepers bridge (2nd floor XII century), Palace Connyabley (1470-1480s.), Arch St. Mary (1536-1553), Palace Castillaphal (1550s.).
■ Cult: Royal C. Virgin Mary (1075, XIII-XIV centuries). Royal Mr. St. Mary de las-Welgas (1187), the Kafed. Cathedral of the Virgin Mary of Burgos (1221-1567), Mr. Sv. Clara (XIII-XV centuries), c. St. Stephen (poked. Chet. XIII - beginning. XIV century), Mr. St. Dorothea (1387-1470), c. St. Egidia (XIV century), Cartesian Mr. de Miraflores (Osn. In 1442).
■ Architectural: Palace Cassa del Cordon (XV century), Town Hall (1791), Espolon Boulevard (XVIII-XIX centuries), General Captitism Palace (1904-1907), Large Market Square.
■ Cultural: Chief Theater of Burgos (1843-1858), Museum of Burgos (OSN. In 1846, Building 1545).

Numbers

Area: 107.08 km2.
Population: 176 608 (2016).
Population density: 1649.3 people / km2.
The lowest point: 827 m, Aronson River Coast.
Average height above sea level: 859 m.
The highest point: 997 m, Las Lomas.
Remoteness: 250 km north of Madrid.

GENERAL INFORMATION

Location: North of Spain.
Administrative belonging: Alfos de Burgos district, Burgos Province, Autonomous Community Castile and Leon.
City status: 884
Language: Spanish.
Ethnic composition: Spaniards.
Religion: Catholicism.
Currency unit: Euro.
Rivers: Aronson, Vienna.
Airport: International Burgos Villafria.

Atlas. Whole world in your hands №376

This was reflected in Heraldry. In 1475, and adopted a new coat of arms. In this emble, the two largest state formations of the Pyrenean Peninsula of the late XV century were presented: the Kingdom of Castile and Leon and the Kingdom.

The coat of arms of the Catholic kings consisted of a shield separated by a quarter. In which the images of the cohesives of the kingdom are alternating (on a red background, an image of a golden castle, with three turrets, with windows and azurevo gate), the kingdom (raised purple lion, topped with a gold crown), kingdom (on a golden background four red stripes) and (on gold Four red stripes background, with two images of eagles). Later, after the conquest of Granada in 1492, her symbolism was added to the coat of arms (on a silver background, an image of a pomegranate with two green sheets). To the left of the shield was an image of the Yarma with a proud node and the motto of the contract between the spouses "Tanto Monta", on top of which the letter "F" was applied - initial name; On the right of the shield was an image of the beam of arrows, on top of which the letter "Y" was applied - initial name. On this Spanish coat of arms for the first time, Yohn the Theologian appears for the first time as a shield holder.

States on site

Castile and Leon.
Kingdom of Castile and Leon, Castilian Crown
Corona de Castilla.

The election of the German emperor in 1519 caused displeasure of the Spaniards and led to the uprising komeros. - Castilian cities led by Toledo in 1520-1522, who did not want to obey and its Dutch advisers. The rebels were graspted, but I had to abandon the idea to take possession of the crowns of the Spanish kingdoms: he remained only a regent at the queen who lost the reason and sharpened in the castle of Tordesillas.

At Spain joined the era of absolutism. Announcing the amnesty to the participants of the uprising komeros., Karl, at the same time, took advantage of the fear that moved to the nobility, in order to narrow the old benefits and liberty. Cortes They were subordinate to the king and unquestionedly supplied it with money for wars, which led. Along with this, in Spain itself due to exorbitant taxes, agriculture, crafts and trade. Not only the nobility, but also the peasants and citizens sought to war in the civil service; On other urban and rural occupations looked with contempt. The church owned large spaces of the Earth, who received it to the detriment of direct heirs; These of these are emptied or applied to pastures, and the amount of cultivated land has ever more and more reduced. Hardworking moriska They were oppressed and expelled, thousands of Spaniards were sent by the inquisition to fires, each acceleration was suppressed. Trade has passed into the hands of foreigners who have gained benefits, both from Spain and from her colonies.

Spain, while continuing to play a leading role in great geographic discoveries, having organized a Magellan's expedition in 1519 to search for the Western way to rich spices of Southeast Asia. During his reigns, the most important events of the Conquists occur - the conquest of Mexico Cortes and the Empire Incas - Pizarro. However, the precious metals from the mines of Mexico and Chile did not go to the development of the economy, but on numerous wars.

On the plateau of the platter. The scenery of Castile and Leon is pretty monotonous: befolded yellow clay plain, covered with hills stones and naked cliffs. But the inexhaustible stream of tourists here is attracted by no natural beauty, but a rich historical heritage.

History

The Pyrenean Peninsula is a place where different cultures and civilization coexisted for a long time replaced: in the V-III centuries. BC e. Celts came here and mixed with the local tribes of the Iberians; After the Punic Wars (III-II. BB. BC. E.) The conquest of Iberia began the Romans, and from the second half of the V century n. e. Westges, vandals invaded here.
alans and founded their kingdoms. In fact, when in 711, the invasion of Africa began, there was no such nation as Spaniards: it can be said that Spain was formed in the process of resting territories from Arabs, Castile and Leon played a crucial role in the cohesion of the state. Initially, Castigly was part of the Kingdom of Leon, the lot during the reconquitors, this Union broke up several times and united. By the way, the modern province of Castile and Leon was established by a decree on independence recently, in 1983, as a result of the combination of two historical districts, Leon and the old Castile, from which the districts of Santander and Logrono separated.
So, in the course of history on the lands of Castile and Leon, an impressive number of various monuments of different eras have accumulated, from the rocky painting of the Ataport Caves and Siega Verde of the Paleolithic era to modern masterpieces of human genius. Especially allocated numerous vintage fortresses. No wonder the name of Castile comes from "Castello" - "Castle, Fortress": many cities rose on the site of ancient defensive structures. So, on the site of the Celtic fortresses, called Romans, Salamanca, Cloony, Termes arose. Leon (from "Legio" - Legion) originated at the location of the Sole Roman Legion in the province of Spain, guarding the Golden Ministers of Las Medullas. And the Arabs built a whole system of defensive structures here, so Moorish in many Spanish cities are called the Arab word Alcazar ("Fortified Castle").
In the ancient Spanish cities, as a rule, it is easy to distinguish between the characteristic Mauritan, Romanesque or Gothic architecture historical quarters: Arabic, Jewish and Christian. By the way, Castilian kings, starting with an enlightened sovereign Alfonso X Wise (1252-1284), was called "kings of three religions" for a long time. The monarch, who returned from the campaign, the people sat down to meet the people greeted in three languages: Arabic, Spanish, Jewish.
The King of Castile Alfonso X Wise was very enlightened for his time by the monarch, who attracted the best scientists, poets and translators to his yard, was openly proclaimed by the synthesis of Christian, Jewish and Arab cultures.
With it, the flourishing of sciences and arts came, the first "Code of Laws" was published on Castilsk, as well as many scientific, philosophical and historical works with Arabic.
It is symbolic that in the significant year of the capture of Granada (when the Masters and Jews were ordered to leave the peninsula in a three-month period, and Christopher Columbus only managed to gain a team of prisons and still open America) Together with the end of the reconquils, the formation of the Spanish people and Castile was completed Language: 1492 was the year of the release of the first Spanish grammar Antonio de Neurikh (1441-1522).
The oldest object of mass pilgrimage (in the literal) is the path of St. Jacob, or, otherwise, the road to Santiago de Compostell, the segment, which passes along the lands of Castile and Leon. For the union, a certain overall banner was required, a single shrine. The sign of the reconquists was the acquisition of the relics of St. Jacob - Santiago, in Galicia, in the town of Compostela. "Santiago!" - Martial cry of Christians. The peaceful apostle receives a nickname "Santiago-Matamoros", that is, "Santiago-fighter of the Maurus". In the Middle Ages, this path to the relics of the Apostle Jacob was known to every Catholic. Since the beginning of the 1930s, the popularity of the route continuously increases: so, if in 1978 there were only 13 people in 1978, then e 2009 - more than 145 thousand.
The representative of the Higher Castilian nobility, the legendary hero of the war with Maurmi Rui (Rodrigo) Diaz de Bivar, is better known as LED ("Mr., Leader" in Arabic), became a figure of a figure, the hero-symbol and sample for imitation. Warrior "Castile), Shot in the" Song of My Side "poem,
Real LED. Of course, it was not such a sample of virtue, how his legends are drawn; He willingly served not only by Christian kings, but also to Muslim emmales, in the Arab chronicles it is written: "This man was a beach of his time, but in his love for glory, the wise hardness of character and heroic valor he was the true miracle of the Lord." The national heritage of Spain - the Side Side Side is stored in the Cathedral of Our Lady in the city of Burgos (1221-1567, he began to build as the main temple of the Kingdom of Castile). Currently, this cathedral is the brightest sample of Spanish Gothic, also part of UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Burgos Castle is not less known - the fortress on the San Miguel hill, towering at 75 m above the city, built in 884 by the Graph of Diego Rodriguez during the reconquituers period.
From the four hundred years of the presence of the Romans in Spain, a lot of architectural monuments remained in Spain, but perhaps the most grandiose remains known throughout the world of the Aqueduct in Segovia - a length of 728 m and 28 m height, highly standing over the city and surroundings. This is the longest Ancient Roman aqueduct, preserved in Western Europe.
The other miracle of Segovia is Alcazar, the favorite residence of the Castilian kings, built in the XII century. At the site of the Moorish fortress. Alcazar served the functions of the fortress, the Royal Palace, the State Prison and the Royal Artillery Academy, currently - the Museum.
Las Medullas is also part of the world heritage of UNESCO and is protected by the state: this is the area of \u200b\u200bancient gold mining. Development was carried out in the I-III centuries. n. e. hydraulically. About these places Pliny Senior wrote: "What is happening in Las Medullas is superior to the work of Titans." Fantastic landscape of Las Medullas is also a heritage of Romans. It was formed as a result of intensive mining of mines and subsequent floods that filled the mines with a huge amount of water, after which the breed was seated.
The most interesting object of tourist pilgrimage is a fortress wall in the ancient city of Avila was built in the XI-XIV centuries. At the site of the former Roman and Arab fortifications.
In the wall 88 towers and 9 gates, and its total length is over 2500 meters. Here is the Avilian Catholic Cathedral, built as a fortress temple and considered the first Gothic Cathedral in Spain.
The pride of Castile and Leon is the ancient city University of Salamanca with the adjacent old (in the Romanesque style) and the new (Gothic) cathedrals, ancient Roman bridge over the River Tormes, the clove tower of the end of the XV century., Gothic house with seashecks of the XVI century. and the main square decorated the third of the five architects of Churgerger, Alberto (1676-1750), in the style of radical baroque at the beginning of the XVIII century.
39 of the 44 facilities in the Kingdom of Spain are included in the UNESCO World Heritage List on Cultural Criteria. On the territory of Castile and Leon is the Burgos Cathedral; Old Town of Salamanca; Ancient city with Roman aqueduct; Part of the path of St. Jacob; Roman gold mines Las Medullas. Some of the last objects that replenished this list were the caves of Atapuurgoes near Burgos - with valuable archaeological finds, and Siega Verde under Salamanca - with the onset pictures of the Paleolithic era.

general information

Administrative composition: 9 provinces (Leon, Salamanca, Avila, Segovia, Valladolid, Palencia, Burgos, Samora and Soria) with the capitals of the same name.

Capital: Valladolid. 313 437Hell. (2011).

Language: Spanish (Castile).

Ethnic composition: Spaniards.
Religion: Catholicism.

Currency unit: Euro.

Large settlements (population population): Leon - 497,799 people., Burgos - 375 657., Salamanca - 352,986 people, Samora - 193 383 people, Palencia - 171 668 people, Avila - 172 704 people, Segovia - 164 169 people, Soria - 95 223 people.
The largest rivers: With tributaries (right - Tormes, Adaha, left - Pureurg, Esla).
The largest airports: International Airports Alicante (Tourist) and Valencia (Business).

External borders: Autonomous Communities in Spain (La Rioja, Basque Country, Cantabria and Asturias - in the north, Galicia - in the North-West, Extremadura - in the south-west, Castile La Mancha and Madrid - in the south, Aragon - in the East) and Portugal - in the West.

Numbers

Area: 94 222 km 2 (18% of Spain Square).

Population: 2 558 463 people. (2011).
Population density: 27.2 people / km 2.
The highest point: Mount Torre de Serrier (Cantabry Mountains, 2648 m).

Climate and weather

Economy

Industry: Mining, Metallurgical, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical, Chemical, Automotive, Food.

Agriculture: Crop (grain - wheat, oats, barley, rye; sugar beet, viticulture, vegetable growing), animal husbandry (cattle, sheep, pig breeding).

Winemaking.
Services: Financial, Transport, Information, Travel.

sights

Curious facts

■ Before the arrival of the Romans, most of the Castile were settled by the assimilant tribes of the Iberians and Celts. They lived in fortified settlements on the tops of the hills, later called the Kastrums later by the ancient Romans. In Spanish "Castello" means "castle, fortress", that is, Castile is a country of fortresses. The Arabs also called the North-West of the Pyrenean Peninsula Al-Kila - "Earth of Fortresses", meaning its own system of fortress structures - Alcasar.
■ Castilles traditionally attribute pride, desperate courage, a tendency to adventurism, the ability to endure adversity. It is believed that these qualities began to appear after the decree published by the first independent of the Kingdom of Leon Count Castile (970-995) Garcia Fernandez, according to which any person, regardless of its origin, who has a combat horse and consisting of military service, was equivalent to rights To infansons (the estate of small nobles). This allowed many non-standard Castillas to break into a noble estate.
■ When by the middle of the XIII century. The Maurians were practically expelled from the Pyrenean Peninsula, many small knights lost source of income and turned into ordinary robbers. To combat them and maintain public order, the Castillas created the hull of mercenaries - "Holy Ermandad" (literally "Holy Brotherhood"), in which the townspeople and mercenaries consisted are the same impoverished knights.

The autonomous community of Castilla and Leon (Castilla y Leo "N, sometimes Castile - Leon), located in the north-west of Spain, in the northern springs. The landscape of the area is predominantly plain, but most of the territory lies at an altitude of about 600 meters above sea level and away. From him, therefore, the climate here is suspier enough. And nevertheless Castile and Leon today is one of the most important agricultural and, that is important, the wine regions of Spain. Also this cradle Reconquisters, the birthplace of the legendary Side Campaadora (Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar - National Hero of Spain) And Teresa de Jesus, the foundation of the first university of the country and the construction of the last Gothic Cathedral of Spain. If you add beautiful landscapes and many unique old cities to this, it will be clear why this region attracts more tourists from all over the land.

The capital and the largest city of the region lies in the center of the site, at the confluence of the Pueuerg and Esgev rivers.

The administrative center of the eponymous province, the city lies on a rocky hill 90 km north-west of Madrid.

The ancient capital of the Kingdom of the same name and the modern capital of the Autonomous Region and the same province, the city lies in the north-west of Spain, in the southern spurs of Cantabrian Pyrenees.

The capital of the province of the Autonomous Community of Castile and Leon, a small (only 160 thousand inhabitants), the city is considered the most elegant in Spain.

Around Salamanca worth visiting a small town Alba de Tormes (20 km south-east of Salamanca) with his monastery of Convention de Las Carmelitas, founded by Sveti Teresa in 1571; Famous with its oldest walls and dozen Romanesque churches town SAMOR (62 km north of Salamanca), the place of the famous battle of 1476 - the city Toro. (Home Military Citadel Castilian Kings in the North-West of the country), known as "Alhambra Castile" City Tordesillas. (It was here that an agreement was signed on the division of spheres of influence in the new world between Spain and Portugal), one of the largest castles of the region - Castillo de la Moth (XII-XV century) in Medina del Campo, quiet city Ciudad Rodrigo With its oldest defensive structures and mansions, the Dé Las Batuekas Natural Park, as well as the picturesque mountainous areas of Sierra Penas de Francia (1723 m) with a charming old village La Olberka. (50 km southeast of Siudad Rodrigo), announced by the National Monument.

The administrative center of the province of the same name, lies on the right bank of the Adaho River, halfway between Salamanca and Madrid. This is the most "high-altitude" provincial capital in Spain (1117-1182 m above sea level), as well as one of the oldest cities of the peninsula.

The modest provincial capital is allocated by impressive churches and monasteries.

The capital of the old Castile for almost five hundred years and the Motherland of Sida is notable for its characteristic medieval entourage with an abundance of dark stone and forged lattices. In the vicinity of the city also a lot of interesting facilities - the tiny Westgoth Church of the Ermita de Santa Maria de Lara (VIII century) with its arch and unique sculptural nearby, a small town Kovarrubias. with its picturesque white historical center, Benedictine Abbey Santo Domingo de Silos (XI century) is one of the largest Christian monuments of Spain, the natural park of La Yeshek with his impressive gorge, as well as many old towns on the famous path of fire De Santiago.

Palencia (47 km north of Valladolid) wears a pronounced medieval character - its main decorations are the beautiful Cathedral (XV century) in the style of late Gothic, Palace Palace-episcopal (now the Museum of Church Art) and the Wonderful Archaeological Museum.

20 km north-east of Palencia lies the birthplace of the sculptor Alonso Berroup - town Paredes de Nava, famous for its beautiful restored church of Iglesia-Miseo de Santa Eulalia with a magnificent Romanesque tower.

And the whole series of beautiful medieval castles, which have fallen by the once Christian world from the South, stretches, - the famous Coca (1453, is considered the most beautiful in Spain), Castillo-de-Los Dukhes de Albukek (XV century) in Cuelllar , Turkino (XV century), Pedras (XVI century), Penafel (1466), Castillo-Foretles-Califel de Gamas (X-XIV centuries, one of the biggest fortifications in Spain), Berland de -Deuro, as well as the picturesque ruins of the castle in the Sepulved, from which only the Romanesque Church of San Salvador remained. Here, according to the valley of the Duero River, one of the largest wine-making areas of the country stretches - www.riberadelduero.es Ribera del Duero.

Castile and Leon (Castile Leon) is the autonomous community of the North-West of Spain with the capital of Valladolid.

Castile-and-Leon is a peaceful edge with a glorious collection of castles, which even names the name (Castilla in Per. "Country Castle"). This is a real core of Spain, free from obsessive stereotypes, mounted by endless plains and architecture masterpieces.

Castile and Leon are a huge region of Spain, the birthplace of the classic Spanish language. Everything else - dialects. Its territory has preserved the most historical monuments of almost all periods of human life - from ancient Romans to modern times. There are especially many locks and fortresses here, which even reflected in the title - Castile.

Landscapes and sights of Castile and Leon you can rate, looking at this video:

What makes this edge special? The famous Alcazar fortress in the city of Segovia (Segovia), ancient Roman aqueduct there, Cathedrals in Salamanca, Samora and Leone, the ruins of the first civilized settlements of a person in Atapuerc (AtaPuerca), Palaces and Museums in the former Spanish capital - Valladolid (Valladolid).

Castile and Leon are widely known among the winemakers of the whole world - the best brands of wines in Spain are manufactured here. One of the varieties is the favorite guilt of Prince William from the UK.

Every year, many holidays and festivals are held in this region, which are celebrated with a truly Spanish scope: people are carefully prepared for each of them. Most of the attention of tourists are attracted by the following events:

Leonskaya Carnival in February - various costume processions are held on the streets, theatrical ideas are given on the move, traditional music sounds everywhere, and people dance national dances. Participants choose the Queen of the Carnival and even conduct separate events for children.

The passionate week is celebrated everywhere in April, but the holiday is in Valladolid attracts a huge number of viewers. 19 fraternities take part in the main procession, which moves through the streets of the historic city center.

The folk art festival of Castile and Leon is traditionally held in the first half of June. At this time, the city is one large theater, in which performances are carried out there, there are street performances. Each person from the world of art seeks to show everything he can.

The sale season in Castile and Leone is the same as everywhere: immediately after the new year until the end of February and in the summer from the second half of July until the end of August. At the beginning, the discount is not very large, but it is a large range of products. At the end, the sales discounts can be up to 70-80 percent of the initial cost of goods, but the range is already poorer.

Geographic differences

In the landscape of autonomy, the plains are replete with the plains in the middle of the mountains. Even in the Middle Ages, local forest arrays were turned into pastures. But the remaining forests are amazing, for example, in the vicinity of Salamanca Forest sheltered the rarest animals, such as a mountain goat of Pyreneev and a mountain cat.

Climate

Castile-Leon Mediterranean continental climate with long-term cold winters (2-4 ° in Jan.), as well as short, dry and warm summer (19-22 ° C). Mountains detain wet winds off the coast. Many villages are forced to fight - in the summer with heat, and in winter with a cold.

How to get and move on site

Why go

The main goal of the trip to Castile and Leon is a magnificent architecture. Entire quarters and even whole cities (Segovia) entered the UNESCO World Heritage. This is the edge of locks, delicious meat dishes and the silent villages. The local mountains are well suited for winter skiing.

When to go

In March-April, the exciting action of a passionate week is held, in June - Fiesta in Burgos, Segovia and Soria, and in September, the student holidays of Salamanca. In winter, you can go skiing.

Cultural and historical differences

It was Castilia and Leon headed by the reconquist - the rest of the earth at Mavrov back to Christians, and also returned most of the new world. Castile is the patrimony of the Spanish aristocracy, and the Castilian adverb is based on the literary Spanish language. And despite all these merits, the Castiles will be heard with rokles, revaluable their own significance.

Castilian festivities are bunciful, for example, jumping through babies after the holiday of the Body of Christ from Castillo de Murcia or walking on red coals on St. John's Day in San Pedro-Manric. Valladolid is the capital and a city in which a lot is connected with the name of Cervantes.

What to see

Castile and Leon, perhaps the richest area of \u200b\u200bSpain. Since there was once a political center of the country, then in Valladolid and around it there are many luxury palaces and estates. Being centers of endless battles with the Moors, almost every self-respecting village acquired its own fortified fort, to reflect the attacks of the invaders. We collected the top 10 most worthy places that cannot be missed.

Aqueduct in Segovia (Segovia) - The most photographed object in all Castilla - Leone. This construction of ancient Romans in Spain has been preserved best, despite the fact that he has been for almost 2000 years.

Cathedral in Burgos (Burgos) - The construction of this cathedral began at the beginning of the 13th century. Construction took several centuries, so there are elements of various styles in the building. The windows are richly decorated with stained glass windows.

Fortress Wall in Avila (Avila) - The wall stretches for as much as 2.5 kilometers, served for the inhabitants of the old city. In the development of the city of the wall, it was many times completed and rebuilt. In terms of its size, this building is inferior only to the famous Great Chinese Wall and is the largest serf wall throughout Europe.

- This is a huge deepening labyrinth and caves near the city of Burgos. They found the remains of ancient people who can trace the evolution of a person as a species. As happened many times, this discovery was done by chance during the construction of the railway.

Alcazar in Segovia (Segovia) - It is not known when this fortress was built, but it was reliably clear that it happened during the reign of Romans in these places. Under it, many underground strokes and secret premises.

Saint Isidor Basilica in Leon (Leon) - The famous constructions in the Romanesque style. Thanks to the relics of St. Jacob, which are stored here, this basilica has become one of the most revered Christian shrines.

Home Square in Salamanca (Salamanca) - Beautiful area, buildings around which are built in the style of Baroque. They all have the same height and similar decorative elements. The area is rightfully considered one of the most beautiful in all Spain.

- The former capital boasts an excellent cathedral, in which the skillful masters richly decorated it inside and outside.

- A wonderful architectural monument has retained many masterpieces of art inside, each of which deserves special attention.

- Initially, a rather modest structure was rebuilt in the 16th century and acquired the current pompous appearance. And in the university library, the richest meeting in 160,000 volumes.

Main places and city attractions

Segovia - ancient city and epicenter of landmarks:

1. Grand Ancient Roman aqueduct;
2. Royal Palace of La Granha de San Ildondonso;
3. Alcazar Castle, which became a prototype of Disneyland emblem.

Other interesting cities:

1. Salamanca attracts sophisticated buildings from the Renaissance era;
2. Avila with her fortress wall and castle is the embodiment of the fairy tale;
3. In Burgos and Leone, who lie on the pilgrimage path of St. James, there are the most grandiose cathedrals in the Gothic style;
4. Authentic villages of La Alberke and Kowarrubias.

What to do in Castile and Leone

It is impossible to study Castile and Leon - in every town and every village a huge number of attractions. But still do not try to argue the immense, but to limit the twenty mandatory things that should be done:

1. Drink a glass of beloved wine British prince Charles from Valladolid wine relatives. Interestingly, in it is so special?
2. Go to the reading room of the university library in Salamanca - how much time it takes to read all these works! And also to find the basic admission to students who have a safe surrender of exams - a small figurine of a frog sitting on one of the skulls on the veiled walls.
3. Make selfie against the background of the aqueduct in Segovia - no wonder this is the most popular object in photographs of tourists who were here.
4. Sit in a cafe overlooking the main square in Salamanca. This paradex paradise is the same building height, a single style. Bliss!
5. Visit one of the Christian shrines - the Basilica of St. Isidor in Leon.
6. Go to the cathedral in Valladolid and surprise the beauty of the decor.
7. Climb to Alcazar and imagine numerous battles and sieges that sustained this powerful fortress. And there is it turns out to go down to the mysterious dungeon, then it is a big luck!
8. Try to guess what is depicted near the ruins of Atapurki - a silhouette of a horse or a bear. Unified faithful response, unfortunately, does not exist.
9. Go along along the entire fortress wall in Avil - how did you manage to create such a miracle of defensive art so many centuries ago!
10. Compare the inner interior of the Cathedral in Burgos - in almost every more or less large settlement of Castile and Leon there is a cathedral and find two similar practically impossible.
11. Bypass all the sophisticated sights of Salamanca.
12. Tracking on the forests and ridges of Sierra de France and Sierra de Bahar in Salamanca Okolitsa.
13. Visit the fabulous segovia with its Disneyland castle and legends.
14. See the world through the mysterious light through the stained glass windows of Santa Maria Cathedral in Leone.
15. Forget about the bustle among cute houses of the village of Sierra de France.
16. Fombing to dreams, walking along the paved streets of the mysterious mednasel;
17. Tries to the roasted lamb or milk piglet on the top of the hill in the picturesque city of Lerma or Sepulved.
18. To visit the historic village of Kovarrubias, where the style of houses resembles the Fakhverk.
19. Buy local delicacies on the Sunday market of beautiful villages of La Alberka.
20. See gothic in all greatness in Burgos or Leone.

Shopping (what and where to buy)

In Castile and Leone, there are large shopping centers and network supermarkets in which everything you need is sold. We have collected tourists and chose the top 5 most popular souvenirs from this region:

1. Wine - hundreds of brands are leaving from here in the baggage of tourists to remind subsequently about beautiful Spain.
2. Figures depicting participants of the passionate week in traditional clothes are the most popular trifle in memory of the trip.
3. Frogs from Segovia - a souvenir promising well-being and good luck in all endeavors.
4. Cairro Buttons - a unique and unique element used in many decorations of Castile and Leon.
5. A copy of the aqueduct - in any of its expression: a magnet, a mug, a figurine, an image on a T-shirt and so on. Fantasy manufacturers of souvenirs is limitless in this sense.

Where to live

In Castile and Leone, a large number of good and affordable hotels for numerous guests of this edge. We chose the top 5 most worthwhile tourists:

1. Exe Casa de Los Linajes (Calle Doctor Velasco 9, 40003 Segovia) - the excellent location and the unique atmosphere of the hotel will not leave anyone indifferent. Comfortable rooms and delicious breakfasts are attached.
2. Parador de Segovia (Carretera Valladolid S / N, 40003 Segovia) is an unusual design and a chic view of the old town. Spacious rooms equipped with everything necessary for a good rest.
3. Ibis Valladolid (Avenida Euro 7 | Centrolid, Ronda Norte, 47009 Valladolid) - 24-hour reception, international service standards, comfortable rooms. Free parking for guests by car.
4. EUROSTARS LEON (CALLE VELAZQUEZ 18, 24005 Leon) is a good location a 15-minute location of the main attractions. Literally around the corner of a large shopping center. Comfortable rooms with modern appliances.
5. Apartahotel Exe Campus San Mames (Calle Vegamian 13, 24007 Leon) - a small hotel in a quiet area near the city center. Large rooms and delicious breakfasts.

Plan of vouchers, tours for 1-3-7 days

We accounted for a rather detailed plan of the trip along Castile and Leon, based on reviews and impressions of experienced tourists.

What and where there is

In each Spanish region, the kitchen and dishes have their own special features. Castile and Leon is also no exception. We have chosen top-5 Must-Try traditional dishes:

1. The milk piglet is entirely baked in the spices of a piglet whose meat becomes amazingly gentle and fragrant.
2. Forewood soup - despite the fact that it is mostly meat edge, but fish dishes are also regularly prepared here.
3. Cheeses - here are their huge many for every taste and color in the literal sense of the word, since some of the cheeses in the manufacture add a special mold, which gives the finished product the original shade.
4. Wine - Ask the seller of the store a brand of wine from grapes growing off the coast of the Douro River, considered the most suitable for winemaking.
5. Morsilla's blood sausage - it can be boldly called the gastronomic symbol of the city of Burgos.

Kitchen

Castilian cuisine mainly meat: baked milk piglets, roasted lambs, blood flowing, smoked sausage of cantipalos, ham guy and sausages Saratan. The second product of the region is cheese - from young to cheeses with mold. Among the local wines it is necessary to note the wines of Ribera del Duero.

Top Excursions for reviews

Do not always tourists manage to learn everything about the region. We recommend paying attention to the following excursions:

1. The City-Museum of Segovia - a professional guide will hold up with winding streets and will show a direct connection between Rome and this Spanish city.
2. Segovia's wine cellar is an opportunity to visit the best and most famous winemaking workshops, and also to understand how to roast good wine and how to distinguish it from poor-quality fakes.
3. A pedestrian tour of Leone - the largest number of monuments of architecture of different eras has been preserved in this city.
4. Unknown Salamanca - this city is considered one of the oldest existing ones in Spain. Its central area is one of the most beautiful in this country.
5. Walking in Burgos - just passing personally through the streets of this city, you can feel his unique atmosphere and rhythm.

Segovia's beauty you can see in this author's video:

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