Why so called the Golden Gate. Golden Gate. Golden Gate - The symbol of the magnifies of the ancient Russia

"Vladimir News" again writes about Old Vladimir and its attractions. Today it will be about the monument to the ancient Russian architecture, built in 1164 at the Vladimir Prince Andrei Bogolyubsky - Golden Gate. They were used as a defensive structure and a triumphal arch, the main entrance to the most rich princely-boyar part of the city.

Andrei Bogolyubsky in 1158 he had hurt the city with a shaft, and in 1164 built five entrance gates. Only the golden gate was survived to this day, and there were still copper, irinines, silver and Volzhsky gates - they constituted a single complex of defensive fortifications of the city of Vladimir. The gate of the gate, which are no longer driven by gilded copper sheets, brightly glistened in the sun, so the gate and called gold. The gate was built by Vladimir architects. This is evidenced by two princely signs carved on one of the stones of the Southern Niche Golden Gate.

According to the legend, in 1238, the Mongol-Tatar regiment approached Vladimir. The townspeople prepared for defense and hid all valuable relics in case the enemy would still break through. The idea was successful: the golden flaps of the Golden Gate were not found so far and officially entered the UNESCO registries as lost masterpieces. In 1970, the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union received an unexpected offer from Tokyo. The Japanese corporation promised to clear the bottom of the Klyazma River and even expand her channel. As payment, the Japanese wanted to pick up everything that would be found at the bottom of the Klyazma. This proposal was not accepted by the Soviet authorities.

Initial view of the Golden Gate (Diorama). Photo: www.ruskiezemli.ru.

Through them, the princely squads returned from the battlefield took into Vladimir.

The shafts on both sides of the gold gate, according to one of the legends, were broken in 1767 by order of Empress Catherine II.
Her coach is stuck in a huge puddle under the arch at the entrance to the city. Then the ridges of the Golden Gate were organized. But without shafts, the gate began to collapse, so lateral fortifications were built soon.

The project of the adaptation of the church over the golden gates for the tank of the urban water supply. Source rozamira.ucoz.ru.

In 1864, during the device of urban water supply, the Water Supply Commission proposed to use the Nuclear Church for the reservoir. On July 2, 1864, workers were injured in the construction of the first water supply system in Vladimir. As a result, the urban water supply commission refused the main reservoir device for the water supply at the Golden Gate. Instead, we decided to build a water tower on a goat shaft.

1893-1897. It costs to pay attention to stars located on the towers. Archive SDMZ. The author of Korenev Vaciily Ivanovich.

Immediately after the revolution, the housing began to adapt the church at the very top of the Golden Gate. For some time, the main fireman lived in her, and in the round towers his family hung underwear on drying. They did not live there for a long time, because this "house" was led by a hundred more steep steps, and there was no heating. The family semism in the church also did not take root, with the onset of colds in the fall of 1943, they left for Myshkin, where his father returned to them from the camp.

Moskovskaya street street. 1910s. The author F.F. Vershetsky. Archive SDMZ. On the right of the Nikolo-Zlatovratskaya Church, demolished in 1930.

In 1948-1956, a building was repaired, but the work was carried out by Vladimir restoration workshops without prior scientific examination of the building, without measurement drawings and studies of the strength of structures.
In 1947, the garment church and the gallery were freed from the archive of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and the northern extension is from tenants. In 1948-49, a wooden staircase was disassembled in the southern average extension. At the same time, installed a contact trolleybus network with a support for the Golden Gate. The office was called "oblast".
In 1953, the chapter, cross, balls and stars were gilded with gold gold. The works of these years did not affect the ancient white-name parts of the monument and were to repair roofing coatings, plaster walls, replacement of floors, winds and doors.

Archive of Hope Meerson. The beginning of the 1950s.

In 1953, a trolleybus route No. 2 "Vladimir Tractor Plant - Golden Gate" was opened. In about 1957, the gate was the exhibition hall of the Vladimir Regional Local Lore Museum. In 1955-1956 there were serious repair and restoration work. As a result, the monument acquired a neat appearance, but the internal ancient parts were not affected. The author of the project and the head of these works - A.V. Counters.

The measurements of the Golden Gate were fulfilled in 1962, and the heat came only in 2 years. Before that, they were heated with two stoves, but in winter the temperature was low enough.

It was to the heating industry that the golden gate was connected in 1971.

In 1977, on the part of the regional leadership, the long-standing attempts to restore the gate was repeated, but this reconstruction was impossible.

Ul. Noble. Stop "Golden Gate" 1977. Photo: PhotoBook33.ru. It is worth paying attention to the fact that the car could be turned on the street. Gogol.

On August 20, 1983, on the occasion of the city's celebrations of the city, a capsule with a message towards Vladimirzham XXI century was invested in a niche of one of the angular towers.

Holiday from the Golden Gate, on a gantry shaft nor a centimeter of an empty place. 1986. Author Galina Belorussova.

At Easter on April 18, 1993, a congestion was made from the Golden Gate to the Assumption Cathedral, which was attended by Russian President Boris Yeltsin.

Significant repair and restoration work took place in 2001, when the old plaster was practically cleared and the opportunity to observe brickwork appeared.

Now the museum is operating in the church over the golden gate. Military historical exposition (weapons and military equipment of different times are presented. And Dirama, telling about the defense of Vladimir during the attack of the troops of Khan Batya in 1238.

Complain

The historical monument is striking with its greatness, despite the fact that he did not reach this day. Oak gate flaps were covered with gilded plates, for this reason the gate and got their name - gold.

The monument is interesting for its history, architecture and visit it must be. At the top of the structure there is a museum in which the exposition is open, representing the weapon and military equipment of the past centuries - the tips of copies and arrows, the weapons of the times of Catherine and the Patriotic War with Napoleon, as well as the trophy weapons of the XVII-XIX centuries.

Your attention undoubtedly will attract a small diorama with musical and announcer, telling about the storming of Vladimir Khan Batym in 1238. The fee for the entrance to the museum is quite low, but the presentation of the diorama exposition, which is only 15 minutes, will be interesting and adults, and children.

Golden Gate in Vladimir - address

Vladimir, Noborskaya Street, 1a.

How to get to the Golden Gate in Vladimir

The Golden Gate is located in the heart of the city. From the railway and bus stations you can walk in 20-25 minutes: go through two quarters for a communal descent, to a large Moscow street. Turn left and follow a large Moscow street.

In walking distance there are the main attractions of Vladimir, for example, an observation deck, Assumption and Dmitrievsky cathedrals.

Golden Gate - Mode of operation in 2019

Mode of operation of the military historical exposition in the Golden Gate

• Daily from 10:00 to 18:00
• Last Thursday of each month - sanitary day

Golden Gate - ticket prices in 2019

• For adults - 150 rubles
• For children under 16 - free
• For children from 16 years old and students - 100 rubles

From the history

In 1157, Prince Andrei Bogolyubov, the son of Yuri Dolgoruky, suffered the capital of his principality from Suzdal to Vladimir and began to strengthen the city. Around Vladimir, the shafts of 5 km long were bottled, and a wooden fortress wall with towers and a seven gates was built. Some of them were called gold, they were built for 6 years - from 1158 to 1164 on the western side of the wall and served as a parade entrance to Vladimir.

In addition, a silver gate was built, leading to Suzdal, Ivanovo - in Ivanovo, shopping and Volzhsky, copper and irinines gates.

According to legend, Prince Andrei, sincerely loved the city, wanted to please the citizens and open the Golden Gate on the feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The builders did not wait for the shrinkage of the building and immediately after the completion of the masonry hung the gate. As a result, the sash fell and pressed 12 citizens.

Then the prince with a prayer turned to the Queen of Heaven, asking her to save the victims: "If you do not save these people, I, sinful, I will be borrowed in their death." Moluba Andrei was heard and made a miracle: when the gate was raised, it turned out that all people attacked them remained alive and unharmed.

After the murder of Andrei Bogolyubsky in 1174, the grand mining table took his younger brother Vsevolod a big nest, which was also called Vsevolod III.

Before us, the monument of history and architecture has reached a strongly distorted form. For the first time, the travel arch was probably destroyed in 1238 during the storming of the city of Tatar-Mongolian army. They suffered from the gate and from frequent fires, after which their restoration was carried out. The last global restructuring of the work carried out at the end of the XVIII century.

According to the legend, the cause of this reconstruction could be a large puddle, in which Catherine II carriage stuck. The Empress could not drive through the arch and ordered the shallow trees on the side of the span and arrange a passage for his carriage.

One way or another, but in 1795, trees from the north and south from the arch were broken, and counterphores were summed up from two sides to strengthen the Golden Gate (vertical structures to support the walls), disguised by round towers. In addition, the newly reinforced by the Arch Republic was strengthened and on it was built a new Ricazenenskaya Nadracy Church of Brick. In this form, the construction reached our time.

In 1991, the Golden Gate met the relics of Seraphim Sarovsky, who were transported from St. Petersburg to Diveevo (Diveevsky Monastery is located in the Nizhny Novgorod region).

Description

The structure is characterized by height and slightness of proportions. Huge oak flaps were covered with gold-plated copper sheets. The wooden walls of the fortress of the new city were adjacent to the gate.

The height of the structure is 14 meters. The Golden Gate of Vladimir is the main, parade, they led to the richest part of the city, where Vladimir Prince and Boyar lived. Accordingly, the functions of this construction performed the most important:

• The Golden Gate served the entrance to Vladimir in the most solemn cases - they opened for important guests and after successful military hikes.
• The construction has played a defensive role, there was a combat site to protect the city from the attacking enemy
• The golden gates that serve as an decoration of the main entrance to Vladimir, emphasized the power and power of the prince, that is, a decorative function was performed. There is an assumption that the doors of the gate were decorated not ordinary gold sheets, but a golden press on the engraved drawing (like the doors of the Virgin-Christmas Cathedral in Suzdal)
• Given that at the top, on the combat site, there was a notable church, the construction had a religious value.

The golden gate is made in the form of a travel arch with a hemispherical arch, around which graceful towers are arranged. Before the shaft was dug deep ditch, it was throwing a wooden magnificent bridge through it, which in case of danger died.

The most ancient part of the golden gate is a travel arch with massive pilasters (fortifications that support the arch from two sides). The white walls are folded from a boob stone on a strong lime-based basis. To our time, the walls went to the ground about 1.5 meters, which means at the beginning of the XII century they were even higher. The arch was cooked from the lighter porous tuff.

Such height of the travel arch created difficulties in the defense of the Western entrance to the city. Therefore, in about the middle of the arch, a jumper was arranged, and the loops were attached to the side of the cloth. These loops and grooves are preserved to our time.

Although the original oak gate was covered with gilded copper, now we will not see gold on them, as gold plates from the target were removed and hidden by residents of the city, when the threat of taking Vladimir's Trojka Khan Batya arose. UNESCO made this relic to the list of lost objects.

There is another version of the loss of the Golden Gate, according to which Khan Bati removed gold and immersed it in the traffic. However, he could not move away the valuable cargo. The thin ice of Klyazma cracked and the travel went under water.

The Japanese offered to clear the bottom of the river, and instead of the fee to take everything they find on the day. But our archaeologists did not agree with such conditions.

The architectural monument was created by princely masters, the confirmation of this are two princely signs of Rurikovich, preserved on the stones of the structure. Currently, the rickely church does not work.

Golden Gate in Vladimir - Official Website

The exposition is part of the Vladimir-Suzdal Museum-Reserve: www.vladmuseum.ru

According to historians, in the XII century, the Golden Gate was a unique building not only in Russia, but also throughout Europe. In Western countries, the fortress towers played only a defensive role, and in Vladimir the Golden Gate, except for this function, served as a parade entrance and an important decorative element.

Golden Gate - Monument to the Old Russian architecture, located in the city of Vladimir. UNESCO World Heritage Monument. Built in 1164 at the Vladimir Prince Andrei Bogolyubsky. The golden gate was used as a defensive structure and as a triumphal arch. They made the main entrance to the richest princely-boyar part of the city.

Encyclopedic YouTube.

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  Most likely, the golden gate was built by princely masters. This, in particular, is evidenced by the princely sign left by the builder on one of the white-changing blocks. The construction is composed in the technique of semi-chute masonry, widely spreading in Vladimir-Suzdal architecture. The strict proportions of the travel arch, blocked by a powerful semi-curvous arch, and the special elegance of a small church at the top attached to the construction of a majestic nature that is well-corresponding to its intended purpose. The bookmark date of the gate refers to 1158, the end of construction - April 26, 1164, when the noteworthy rizoforn church was consecrated.

  During the reign of Andrei Bogolyubsky, the city was looking forward to the extended shaft and had seven entrance gates (except for gold, these are copper, irinines or orinines, silver, Ivanovo, shopping and Volzhsky). Only the Golden Gate reached this day.

  These were the most parade gate of the city in the XII -XIII centuries. The Ipatiev Chronicle reports that the prince of their gold "teaching", bearing in mind that they were covered with sheets of gilded copper, brightly shining in the sun and the imaginable imagination of contemporaries. Close to goal from the north and south, bulk shafts were adjacent with deep miles from the outdoor side. Through the gates, a bridge was held from the gateway. Arch height reached 14 meters. The massive oak gate gates hanging on forged loops were adjacent to the arched jumper, which remained and now. At the top of this jumper, wooden flooring was arranged, which served as an additional combat site. From the flooring, only nests are preserved for beams in the wall laying. The entrance to the site was carried out through the doorway in the southern wall, in the thickness of which a stone staircase with a creeping box arch was held. At the same level, on the opposite side of the ladder, there was an exit to the southern line of earthen shafts. From the north on the shafts there was a passage straight from the parley through the door in the wall. The staircase in the southern wall led further on the upper battle area, which had gear walls in the form of boys. In the center of this site was erected by the proportional white church of the situation of the Ries of Our Lady. Most likely, she represented a rather slim temple of the already familiar to the buildings of Yuri Dolgoruky Type: Square in terms of four-roll with three altar apsides with internal and outer blades on the walls, three arched portals, a cylindrical drum and a modest decoration in the form of a decorative belt, which goes in the middle of height facade.

  The gate is preserved with strong restructuring. The ancient parts of this structure include a wide travel arch with powerful side pylons and a combat site over them, which has become fragmentary.

  Frequent devastating fires and the invasions of enemies significantly distorted the appearance of the Golden Gate. According to written sources, the repair of the Nekvochet Church was carried out in 1469 under the leadership of the architect and sculptor V. D. Yermolin. In 1641, by decree of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich, the Moscow architect Antipa Konstantinov compiled a estimate for the repair of the gates, but restoration work was started only at the end of the 17th century.

  Museum Golden Gate

  The Golden Gate is managed by the Vladimir-Suzdal Museum-Reserve. The Military Historical Exposition is located in the garment church. The central place in the exposition is occupied by Diorama, transmitting the dramatic events of February 1238: Protection of Vladimir during the assault by the troops of Khan Batya (Author - Popular Artist of the RSFSR Efim Dialyt, 1972).

  The exhibition presents weapons and military equipment of different times: battle bolts of throwing machine, arrows and copies of the XIII century, Kolchug, Berdyss, the trophy Polish crossbow of the early XVII century, flint guns of the Ekaterininsky era, Steel Kirase and Musketeer of the Patriotic War of 1812, Rifle, Mundir, banner and rewards of the late XIX century, trophy Turkish weapons.

  The exposition continues on a former combat site, turned into a closed gallery-pale in the beginning of the XIX century. Here is the "Gallery of Heroes-Vladimirtsev": portraits, memorial things, documents, photographs of 160 heroes of the Soviet Union - participants in the Great Patriotic War and heroes of peacetime. The exposition presents samples of small arms created by the gunsmith designers from the city of Kovrov: Vasilya Degtyarev, Sergey Simonov, George Schpagin and others. An unusual showcase was a cosmonaut's things Valery Kubasov.

  Other information

  • According to some researchers, in particular, Nikolai Voronina, the Vladimir Golden Gate had no analogues in medieval Europe; The architecture of the European Middle Ages knew only purely fortress tower facilities, while the Golden Gate in Vladimir, in addition to the defensive functions, served as a parade entrance to the city and served directly religious purpose - they had a valid Rispunity Church.
  • According to one of the legends, in June 1767, the carriage of Empress Catherine II, when she drove through Vladimir to Nizhny Novgorod, at the entrance to Vladimir stuck in the arc of the gate in a big puddle. By order of the Empress, the shafts were partially broken (disassembled) on both sides of the golden gate, and driveways were arranged by round the gate. The left shaft was subsequently broken at all. Its remnants can be seen by the building of the Pedagogical Institute near the Golden Gate.
  • In the middle of the XIX century, in connection with the gasket in Vladimir, the Golden Gate is intended at that time, the Golden Gate was supposed to adapt to the dispenser, but the project was not destined to come true. For these needs, a special building of the water tower was built near the gate, in which the museum and sightseeing site are now located.
  • During the construction of the Golden Gate, a partial collapse of the arch happened, fortunately, without sacrifice. Prince Andrei Bogolyubsky ordered a gratitude prayer about this and replaced the builders brigade. According to the legend, they became the Italian masters who arrived from the emperor of the Sacred Roman Empire

  1. The Golden Gate was built by princely masters in 1164, during the reign of Andrei Bogolyubsky. This is spoken by a special princely sign, which builders left on one of the white-named blocks.

  
  

  3. The appearance of the gold gate is significantly different from the initial one. This was contributed to frequent fires, raids of enemies and civilians. From the ancient buildings, only a travel arch, powerful side pylons and part of the combat site above them remained. Everything else was repaired many times, it was completed and changed. A rebounds and the progressive risophozen church were reinstared, the side elements were added, which was originally not.

  4. Now the museum is operating in the church over the golden gate. Military historical exposition (weapons and military equipment of different times are presented. And Dirama, telling about the defense of Vladimir during the attack of the troops of Khan Batya in 1238.

  5. One of the best specialists in the ancient Russian architecture, Vladimir Archaeologist Nikolai Nikolayevich Voronin believed that the architecture of the Golden Gate in Vladimir is unique for medieval Europe. For the West, only tower facilities were characterized, performing pure defensive functions. The Vladimir Golden Gate was built not only in defensive purposes, they served as the main front entrance to the city, as well as they had a religious purpose - the church of the counting was acting.

  

  6. The shafts on both sides of the gold gate, according to one of the legends, were broken in 1767 by order of Empress Catherine II. Her coach is stuck in a huge puddle under the arch at the entrance to the city. Then the ridges of the Golden Gate were organized. But without shafts, the gate began to collapse, so lateral fortifications were built soon.

  7. In the XIX century, the Golden Gate wanted to make a waterborne distributor. Fortunately, this idea was not implemented, but for these needs a water tower was built, in which the museum and the observation deck now operates.

  8. One of the legends says that during the construction of the Golden Gate Code partially collapsed, the burrs of 12 people. No one has had doubts that people died. Andrei Bogolyubsky ordered to bring a miraculous icon and began to pray for the Mother of God, asking for the salvation of workers. As a result, people under the rubble remained alive, and the prince ordered to build a small church of the Ries of the Virgin at the gate at the gate.

  

  9. After the case with the collapse of the arch Andrei Bogolyubsky replaced the brigade of Masters - the Italian builders ended the work, who later built Dmitrievsky and the Assumption Cathedrals, the Church of Pokrov-on-Nerley and the Prince's residence.

  10. In February 1238, the troops of Khan Batya could not get into the city through the front golden gate - they perfectly withstood the onslaught of the invaders. But still the city was taken - Tatar-Mongols penetrated there through a break in the wooden wall of the fortress. Oak gate lined with gilded copper, not yet found. During the export in the Horde, they sank in Klyazma.

  Year of construction: XI century. Architectural style: Byzantine, Old Russian. Nearest metro: Golden Gate. Location: At the intersection of the streets of Yoslavov Val and ul. Vladimir.

  The Golden Gate is one of the most famous and oldest defensive structures of the modern city of Kiev, which built Yaroslav Wise in 1037 according to the mention of the "Tale of Bygone Years". The main purpose of the construction of this fortification building was rather not a defensive function, and the military-political one - it was necessary to show the power of Kievan Russia as neighboring abroad and their tribesmen. Yaroslav was succeeded, the effect was a striking - the golden gate at the time were the most huge stone structure in the entire Kievan Rus with the top-operated church crowned with golden domes.

  Of course, the Golden Gate fully fulfilled its purpose and in the protection of the city. They were part of the military defensive system of the then city of Kiev (at that time the city was named Yaroslav). The system had the appearance of a closing ring around the city and started from the Lviv gate (modern Lviv Square) passed through the street. Yaroslavov Tree to the Golden Gate and descended to the Lady Gate (modern Maidan Independence) and closed the chain climbing the streets of Malaya and Big Zhytomyr. The Golden Gate was the main entrance to the city. Before the construction of the Golden Gate, Kiev had repeatedly seized enemies, but as soon as this architectural Divo appeared - no one could go through them. Even the Tatars, which in those days owned the newest instruments of the capture of buildings, could not go through the Golden Gate. These outlines had initial Kiev.

  Ruin. This kind of golden gate had at the beginning of the 20th century.

  There are several theories, why these gates called gold. One of them claims that Yaroslav copied the building and the name of the almost identical structure located in Constantinople - the capital of the neighboring huge powers of Byzantium, which was also a source of Christianity in Russia. This version of scientists consider the most truthful. But some also suggest that their names of the gates are carrying from golden domes that decorated the church located above the gates. Another theory leans to the fact that such a name was given because the princely treasures were hidden under them.

  
  Monument to Yaroslav wise near the Golden Gate.

  In its original form, the Golden Gate resisted only 200 years and then partially destroyed, but for modern Kiev residents they have already carried a symbolic purpose. There was a festive return of troops with a victory over the enemies to the ringing of the Bells of the Annunciation Church, a variety of processions of the city guests, including the most famous people of that time, one of them is the legendary Bogdan Khmelnitsky.

  Then the golden gate with some periodicity tried to restore, save the paramount view, but this is our ancestors, unfortunately failed. The current restorers had to hide the remnants of the walls under the thick layers of modern building materials, for the fact that we would have the presentation as the golden gate looks 1000 years ago.