Kayak, canoe and kayak: terminological nuances. What is a sea kayak? How is the canoe different?

Northern peoples (Aleuts, Eskimos, Inuit, Chukchi and others) sailed on long and narrow hunting boats, on which they fished and hunted, in particular they pursued marine animals. This boat up to six meters long was called a kayak, but in the countries of the former USSR it is traditionally called a kayak, and this name is more understandable for citizens of the CIS.

Characteristic

Historically, a kayak was made of wood or bone - a frame was made from these materials, which was covered with the skins of marine animals - seals, seals, walruses. The hunter was seated sitting, landing was carried out through a hatch in the middle of the boat - the "cockpit". Rowing is carried out using a double-sided paddle, this feature is the main difference between a kayak and a canoe.

Kayaks are divided into two types:

• boats in which the athlete sits inside the kayak, they are called sit-in kayaks;
• Sit-on-top kayaks are a recent invention, in this type of boat, kayakers paddle while sitting on top, they are called sit-on-top.

Frame

Frame kayaks are also called collapsible. It is this type that is the traditional kayak. The frame is made of wood or metal and sheathing (the so-called "skins"), which covers the top of the frame. In the past, "skins" were indeed made from animal skin, but now they are synthetic and easier to care for. Frame kayaks are designed for transporting goods in calm water.

Frame kayaks (kayaks) can be compactly folded, stored in a limited space and transported even in ordinary cars, in this regard they are very convenient. The single-seat kayak was widely used for tourism purposes in the Soviet Union.

Why kayaks are inconvenient:

1. The assembly of a frame kayak takes from half an hour to one hour, depending on the model of a sports vessel. An ordinary kayak is not so compact, but it does not need to be assembled and is ready to be launched into the water immediately after arriving at the reservoir. The speed of installation is considered a negative factor, but rather it is neutral, because it is compensated by the convenience of transportation and storage.
2. But the really negative factor of the frame kayak is the difficulty of ensuring the symmetry of the bow and stern relative to the skin (skin). The quality of tailoring is of great importance.
3. A kayak with a frame is not suitable for swimming in raging water, because if it hits the stones, the shell is damaged in most cases, which can lead to catastrophic consequences for the athlete.
4. Frame kayaks can be quite dangerous as they are not sealed with chambers like modern plastic boats. In addition, the large size and low landing of the athlete make the handling not the best, because due to the too low landing, the body does not take enough part in the management.
5. When meeting with stones, the kayak needs to be constantly repaired - to patch up the skin, repair the damage with foam. For unsinkability, the kayak is equipped with containers, such as inflatable chambers.
6. The frame kayak is clumsy when moving, not capable of sharp maneuvers. It is designed for rectilinear movement on calm water.

Inflatable

Inflatable kayaks are actually inflatable boats that have a kayak-like shape. They also have their drawbacks:

1. The main disadvantage is the lack of rigidity - the rower can bend the inflatable kayak with his weight, with the bow and stern rising above the water. On double inflatable kayaks, this problem is not so pronounced, but it also exists. To solve the problem, the inflatable boat is additionally loaded in front and from the back of the rower, and this is unnecessary worries.
2. The fragility of synthetic materials from which the inflatable body is made. The boards are fairly easy to damage. Instead of cameras for things, at best, not very capacious pockets are provided, but they may not be there either. To make an inflatable kayak more comfortable, some models make a wider bottom, but in this case, streamlining is lost and this sports equipment becomes like a regular inflatable boat.
3. An inflatable kayak is exposed to the wind, in windy weather it is difficult to inflate and paddle. The kayak can change direction with wind gusts and is difficult to deal with. In order to swim in gusts of wind, adhering to a straight line, the movement is stabilized by steering oars.

To reduce the negative properties, they produce combined kayaks - a hard bottom and inflatable sides. It is worth noting the advantages - a large carrying capacity, unsinkability with an intact surface, compact dimensions when not inflated and ease of transportation.

A non-separable type of kayak has a solid, mostly polyethylene hull, which is maximally closed, there is only a place for the rower (the so-called cockpit). A non-separable kayak reaches a length of five meters (with a minimum of 2.5 meters), the width starts from 45 centimeters and reaches 80 centimeters.

Kayaks are made from various polymers, glass polymers, composites and other synthetic materials. There is no serious alternative to non-separable kayaks in sports, they have better performance characteristics and are used in kayaking in most cases.

Advantages of one-piece non-separable kayaks:

1. Reliability, long service life, resistance to impacts, collisions, even with hard and sharp surfaces. Of course, scratches remain, but the integrity of the surface is not violated. If a dent has formed, it should straighten out if the boat is simply placed in the sun.
2. Good thermal insulation, which is important in cold water, when the rower remains motionless for a long time, and stretching your legs will not work because of the limited space.
3. The rigid design makes it possible to use the whole body for maneuvers, as well as special movements of the oar to turn out of the water (if the athlete rolled over into the water, making an "Eskimo coup").

Choice

If you choose the right kayak, it can be used in different water conditions. However, when active swimming in certain waters, it is advisable to choose a specialized boat, since different kayaks behave differently in different elements.

Sea and expedition type kayaks can be used in any waters, except for places where there is a fast current and rapids, small waterfalls. The limitation is due to the fact that such vessels are long, reaching five meters in length, and they do not have the necessary maneuverability. Short white water kayaks can be used to ride the waves, but their short length makes them uncomfortable in calm waters. Universal kayaks can be used on turbulent rivers, on a calm lake, and on a sea with waves, but they are not of serious sporting interest, but are designed for amateurs.

The most common and most versatile kayaks are plastic, made of polyethylene, made using rotomolding technology, high pressure (no seams), and gluing. Such plastic kayaks are cheap, resistant to wear and tear.

Despite technological progress, now they continue to make kayaks made of wood, which can have a utilitarian recreational use, and can also be fashion items, as they have a rich finish. Wooden kayaks have an advantage over plastic ones - they are lighter, but there are also serious drawbacks - they are less resistant to damage, and over time they can crack with the formation of cracks. Wooden kayaks can be sold as self-assembly kits.

Comparison between sit-on-top and sin-in kayaks

Sit-on-top

Sit-on-top kayaks are designed for outdoor activities. Kayaking is a fairly new mass activity that is rapidly gaining popularity, different from a simple sports competitive or extreme activity. Boats of this type are light, easy to operate and manage. They are quite safe, as when you roll over, a person falls out of the boat, and does not sink headlong into the water, as happens in sit-in kayaks, which use a “skirt” for water protection.

When choosing a sit-on-top, you do not need to learn how to do complex Eskimo flips, because you are in a kayak, not in a kayak. This type of kayak has different modifications - from flat for one rower to four-seaters, they can be used on calm water, as well as on river currents or on sea waves.

Benefits of sin-on-top:

• ease of use, storage, self-help when turning over on the water, which is especially appreciated by beginners,
• light weight makes it easy to carry;
• no need to additionally equip with a skirt;
• it can store more things, which, however, must be packed in waterproof bags or containers;
• can be used for various functional purposes, for example, as a floating base for diving, fishing, it is convenient to place gear and diving equipment on the flat surface of the boat;
• stable on the water, easy visibility, relatively cheap, good for people who find it difficult to move.

Disadvantages of Sit-on-Top Kayaks

• open to the water element, precipitation, for example, this type of boat is inconvenient during rain, so its use depends on the season and even the weather;
• there is no protection against moisture - the rower will always be wet, since a puddle forms on the plastic surface of the cockpit (person's seat); the problem is solved by drainage holes, which in calm water and in good weather are closed with a cork, but in this way the problem is not completely solved, therefore, you either need to row carefully or swim in warm waters and in warm weather, because of this sit-on-kayaks top are called summer;
• in cold weather, you need to use a wetsuit, in addition, winter swimming is extreme and almost impossible;
• the opposite problem - legs can burn in the sun, but this also applies to the whole body;
• difficulty in performing an Eskimo coup (although it is possible);
• the need for additional seats that are adjustable for long voyages;
• difficulty with transportation;
• kayaks with an outside seat are slower than those with a hollow interior; this is due to less stability and the need to make the sit-on-top wider.

In the absence of a skirt, the cockpit quickly fills with water, becomes heavy and the water can only be drained on the shore. You need to learn the "Eskimo coup", which allows you to quickly turn the boat into working position.

Benefits of sit-in:

• are easier to control and can develop more speed with less effort;
• the rower and his belongings are more likely to stay dry;
• better suited for long cruises.

Disadvantages of sit-in:

• more difficult to get in and out;
• small cockpit;
• you need to use a skirt with strong waves;
• the body must be in a certain position, which is not very convenient if you need to actively move within the boat;
• in hot weather, there can be high air temperatures below deck, especially with a skirt;
• access to things is difficult.

Types by purpose

Kayaks are divided into types according to their purpose:

1. For fishing - mostly Sit-On-Top, less often - Sit-In, they are also made with a pedal drive.
2. For surfing - up to three meters long, with a flat bottom and a high nose, it is convenient to ride on high waves.
3. With a pedal drive - trimarans, on which you can put a sail, the boat is pushed forward not by a propeller, but by peculiar fins.

Types of kayaking

1. Recreational - for walks, mostly doubles or triples, for family vacations.
2. Tourist - universal, for swims for the whole day or for several days.
3. Extreme - swimming on turbulent rivers.
4. Sea - sailing on the waves of the sea.
5. Expeditionary - durable kayaks for long-distance voyages, boats of this type are sometimes called oceanic.
6. Surfing - A kayak is similar to a surfboard.
7. Slalom - professional sport "rowing slalom in kayaks and canoes", an Olympic sport since 1992.

Kayaking can be a sport, a way to relax on the water or an opportunity to move around the water surface for fishing, traveling.

06/08/11 7:37 PM

Kayak, canoe and kayak: terminological nuances

However, one English word "kayak" denotes both types of boats. In such a water sport as rowing slalom, there are two types of vessel - a canoe and a kayak. The main distinguishing feature that can immediately catch the eye between these two classes of vessels is the seating of the rower. So, the rower controls the canoe, kneeling, and the kayak, sitting on the bench. The rowing method is also different - a canoe is rowed with one blade, and a kayak is rowed with a two-bladed oar. A canoe differs from a kayak in terms of technical characteristics, such as the width of the boat and the shape of the seat. So, outwardly, the canoe seems wider than the kayak. Between the words "kayak" and "kayak", which mean the same concept, the athlete will choose the word "kayak" for his vessel. A kayak is a tourist boat or a vessel for smooth sports rowing.

What is better to buy, a kayak or a canoe.

Kayaks and canoes have a lot in common. They have great maneuverability, have a narrow elongated shape with pointed bows and stern, are able to easily move through swampy, reed-covered water bodies, overcome stormy rapids, and navigate the seas. The design of kayaks is somewhat different from the design of kayaks, but both are used in tourism, water sports, for hunting, long hikes, family walks.

The fundamental differences between kayaks and canoes include the method of landing, the arrangement of oars and the bottom. The kayaks have a narrow bottom, two-blade oars, the landing of the rowers implies the location in the cockpit or on it with legs stretched forward and the back leaning against the stop. Canoes have a flattened bottom, a single-bladed oar, and require rowers to land when resting on one knee or sitting on a bank. At the same time, the main difference between these two small boats is the position of the center of mass of people, which is below the water level for kayaks, and higher for canoes. It is this factor, together with differences in the range of dimensions, that causes a significant difference in the technical performance of the boats. Each of them in comparison with the other has some advantages and disadvantages.

Advantages of kayaks and canoes

Models of kayaks are available in single (kayaks), and triple versions. To transport luggage, they have special sealed compartments that can accommodate cargo, the volume of which depends on the modification of the boat. Canoes are larger than kayaks. There are models designed for seven or more people. However, separate compartments for things in the canoe are not provided. The luggage in them is folded to the bottom or in the compartments available on the outrigger, if it is present.

Speed

The speed advantage among kayaks and canoes is relative. A light plastic kayak about 2.5 meters long can easily overtake the same canoe in relatively calm water. However, even the longest kayak will not be able to develop the same speed with which a canoe of maximum length can go.

The speed of a canoe in open waters (sea, ocean) is inferior to the speed of kayaks if the ships are not sailing. This is due to the fact that the windage of kayaks is lower, and they are less affected by the direction of the wind. The speed of walking family models in both cases does not exceed six to eight kilometers per hour. Such boats are usually equipped with additional safety systems that increase the weight and have a hull shape that does not provide for fast movement.

Insulation

With regard to the isolation of rowers, kayaks have undeniable advantages. Firstly, in traditional sit-in models, rowers are located inside the cockpit close to its walls, so they are not as afraid of the piercing wind as canoes that are open on all sides. Secondly, the design of kayaks provides for equipping with dense waterproof aprons and skirts that protect the inside of the hull from splashes and water ingress. Canoes usually do not have such devices. Only in some sailing options, designed for long-distance voyages across the seas or oceans, there are closed superstructures. But these are free-standing small vessels with a narrow range of applications.

Controllability

As for the handling advantage of kayaks and canoes, everything is relative here too. Canoes are steered only by oars with one paddle-blade. In some situations, this is very convenient - a compact paddle allows you to quickly turn the boat and push it through shallow water or among dense thickets of reeds. Kayaks have two-bladed oars, stops, can be equipped with steering and pedal control. This allows you to control the movement of the boat not only with the oars, but also with the body or by turning the feet. However, on rivers with a turbulent current, the stops and steering often become a hindrance, and canoes on them often have an advantage over kayaks.

What to choose for a beginner - kayak or canoe

The question of choosing between kayaks and canoes for beginners is usually decided in favor of kayaks. If a person has a poor understanding of the technique of owning one oar on a boat, it will be difficult for him to quickly learn how to swim in a canoe. With alternate repulsion from the water, then on one side, then on the other, even a long boat will begin to spin, scour, constantly go astray. Therefore, initially it is better to master rowing in a kayak. Its two-bladed oars allow you to learn how to control the movement of the boat in a short time, since in this case the rowers only need to get used to their rhythmic rotation.

What is the difference between a kayak and a canoe?

Boats such as kayaks, kayaks and canoes are in great demand nowadays due to their maneuverability, light weight, shallow draft and extremely high cross-country ability. They are able to easily move where a classic boat will not pass - along shallows, wetlands, canals overgrown with reeds, stormy rivers of shallow depth. That is why kayaks, canoes, kayaks are preferred by fishermen, hunters, lovers of rafting and water travel.

At the same time, not everyone knows what is the difference between these three types of boats and they often confuse not only their names, but also their designs. For amateurs in such matters, this is not difficult - kayaks, kayaks, canoes have an elongated narrow shape with a pointed bow and stern, are controlled by oars, and are made of the same materials. However, there are still differences between them.

Construction of kayaks, kayaks and canoes

Kayaks and kayaks are similar in their design, only kayaks can be either four-seater, kayaks can accommodate no more than two people. In recreational kayak options, there may also be a folding seat for a child. Canoes belong to a different category of boats.

The difference between them lies primarily in the design. If kayaks and kayaks are equipped with supports for legs, backs, cockpits, decked deck, then they are absent in canoes. Kayaks and canoes have predominantly straight fore and aft parts, a keeled bottom, in canoes the extremities are raised, symmetrical along the midsection, and the bottom is flattened.

In kayaks and kayaks, paddlers sit either in the cockpit or on top of the boat; in canoes, they sit inside the hull. Kayaks and kayaks are operated by two-bladed oars, canoes by single-bladed ones. In the first two cases, ships are equipped with luggage compartments, hermetic chambers, unsinkable tanks, in the latter they are not, and the luggage is folded right to the bottom. Many canoes have transoms for motors or equipment to mount them. Among kayaks and kayaks, such options are rare.

In canoes, paddlers either sit on canoes or stand on one knee. The point of the center of gravity of people in this case is above the water level. In canoes and kayaks, they sit with their legs stretched forward on anatomical seats, and the center of gravity falls below the level of the vodka. As a result, boats are more stable, more stable, and easier to steer than canoes.

The length range of canoes is much larger than that of kayaks and kayaks. They can accommodate up to 20-30 paddlers and pick up solid speeds that exceed those of the longest kayaks. In mass versions, canoes for seven people are often found, among kayaks such are not present at all.

In windy and cold weather, paddlers in kayaks and sit-in kayaks are more comfortable than in canoes. They are covered with polyprene aprons and skirts to prevent spray from entering the cockpit. People in canoes have no such protection. Only in ocean sailing versions, in the center of the vessel, there can be a superstructure, in which, if necessary, you can hide from wind and rain.

Specifications for kayaks, kayaks and canoes

Specifications for all three types of boats are model-specific and often overlap. For example, the mass of , canoes and kayaks is between 6 kilograms and 22 kilograms. At the same time, the maximum weight of solid and frame kayaks is 40 kilograms, and the weight of canoes can reach 70 kilograms or more.

Kayaks and canoes are capable of carrying loads from 150 kilograms to 400 kilograms, the carrying capacity of a canoe can be over 700 kilograms. The width of the first two boats is from 62 centimeters to 96 centimeters, the length is from 2.5 meters to 5.2 meters. The width of the canoe is from 50 centimeters (sports) to one meter two centimeters, the length is from 2.5 to 7-10 meters.

Finally, long canoes can row at speeds up to 12 kilometers per hour, kayaks and kayaks move at a maximum speed of 7-8 kilometers per hour.

Popular kayaks, kayaks and canoes

Now on the market there are a lot of different models of kayaks, kayaks and canoes with completely different prices. They are made of polyethylene, plastic, composites, plywood, aluminum, PVC-coated waterproof fabric, they are hull, frame, inflatable, sports, walking. The most popular among lovers of fishing and waterfowl hunting at the moment are inflatable boats, which have low cost, compactness, obedience in management. These are domestic models of the Pike kayak, and Argus canoe, and kayaks Canyon Solo, Khatanga, Viking, and many others.

The frame models of such small boats are collapsible and are also in great demand among enthusiasts of water activities. They are quickly assembled, do not create problems during transportation, are well equipped and are convenient for tourist trips through relatively quiet waters. The most common of them include the models "Tourist", "Taimen", "Hummingbird".

Solid-cast hull canoes, kayaks, kayaks are preferred by professionals. These are the strongest and most durable boats that can withstand heavy loads. Canoes "Predator", "Bullet", "Taimyr", "Ostrov", kayaks "Winner", "Dolly", kayaks "Piranha", "Pure S Creeker", "Cross Club" are very popular now.

Scope of kayaks, kayaks and canoes

Kayaks, kayaks, canoes are boats that are used for a variety of purposes. They are able to easily overcome stormy rapids, sail, and are convenient for fishing, hunting, and long-distance crossings. Narrow long kayaks and canoes are widely used in slalom, non-separable and inflatable short kayaks are suitable for extreme rafting on mountain rivers, rodeos, surfing.

Now there are many models designed for recreational recreation on the water. They are equipped with child seats and provide an excellent opportunity to spend time on weekends or holidays with the whole family. On kayaks, kayaks and canoes they go on distant expeditions, cross the seas and oceans, explore new places.

These are universal small-sized vessels that allow you to pass winding narrow channels, wetlands, shallows. They are obedient in handling on waves, keep their course in headwinds and crosswinds, rarely get damaged and can be quickly repaired right on the shore. The main advantages of kayaks, kayaks and canoes are compactness and the ability to navigate the most difficult areas of almost any body of water. That is why they are actively used by fishermen and hunters who want to return home with a great catch and prey.

There are children's boats of this type, providing the child with a fun holiday and excellent physical development. On such kayaks, kayaks, canoes, a reliable security system is provided, thanks to which kids can manage them on their own, without the help of adults. These are boats that make it possible to have a great time, get a lot of impressions and solve a lot of problems.

What is the difference between a canoe and a kayak.

A canoe is a narrow small boat of light weight, capable of traversing shallow water, reedy areas, wetlands, rugged rapids and rivers with waterfalls. Analogues of the modern boat were created millennia ago by the American Indians and in those distant times they were canoes hollowed out of wood or made of birch bark. They covered long distances, hunted, fished, explored new territories.

Modern canoes are made of laminated plywood, aluminum alloys, fiberglass, plastic, composite materials, PVC. They are used in tourism, water sports, family outings, rowing slalom, rafting and remain one of the most preferred among hunters and fishermen. Canoes are capable of picking up good speed, have excellent stability and buoyancy, are unsinkable, durable, and convenient for travels involving land crossings. Light weight and compact dimensions make it easy to carry boats on your hands and transport them to the place of launching by public and passenger transport.

In principle, the same can be said about kayaks, which, it would seem, have exactly the same qualities. What is the fundamental difference between these boats?

The difference between canoe and kayak designs

In principle, kayaks and canoes have a lot in common. They have an elongated shape, pointed in the stern and bow area, a small draft, are made of almost the same materials and have the same range of applications. However, kayaks and canoes are structurally different, and this greatly affects their properties. For example, kayaks are equipped with knee, foot, and back supports; they are absent in canoes. In the main part of tourist models of kayaks there are sealed chambers and luggage compartments, in canoes they usually do not. Frame kayaks are covered with a skin-shell; such models do not exist among canoes. In addition, there are a number of significant differences between them.

Oars

Passengers in kayaks row with one oar. They have two blades and are operated, in fact, like oars in ordinary rowing boats, but without oarlocks. That is, rowers make equal circles alternately with both hands.

Canoes also have only one oar, but with one blade. In this case, the rowers constantly throw it from left to right and back, pushing the boat forward with jerks. This has its advantages. Canoes are more nimble than kayaks when it comes to traversing rough rapids or waterfalls.

rower position

The position of rowers in kayaks and canoes is completely different. In the classic sit-in kayak, they sit slightly below the water level with their legs slightly bent at the knees forward. People's center of gravity is below the water level, resulting in a boat that is more stable and less wobbly in choppy water. In sit-on-top kayaks, the rowers sit on the hull in the same position. Their center of weight shifts slightly above the water level, but these models have a modified bottom so they maintain the stability of sit-in kayaks.

In canoes, paddlers either kneel or sit on canoes. In them, the center of gravity of people is much higher than in kayaks. Therefore, canoes become more agile in rough water, and good experience is needed to manage them in such a situation.

Number of rowers

Kayaks are designed for one, two, three, maximum four people. Walking models are often equipped with folding seats for children. Canoes are much more spacious than kayaks due to the wider range of lengths. Moreover, among them there are much fewer single models than among kayaks. Canoes are usually mass-produced with a capacity of two to seven or even ten people. Ocean options can generally be designed for fifty rowers. These qualities of canoes are due to the original suitability of such canoes for long-distance trips. While the peoples of the North, who were the first creators of kayaks, used them mainly for fishing and hunting, the Indians who invented canoes went on them to explore new places hundreds of kilometers away.

Steering wheel

On sale there are kayaks with devices for steering or with the possibility of installing it. Often in them the steering wheel is combined with a pedal drive, which is mounted instead of stops to the feet and connected to special fins located under the bottom. Steering in kayaks greatly facilitates navigation in wide waters and deep waters. On rifts, shallow water, the steering wheel is not used.

In a canoe, the rudder is not installed at all. These boats have a transom for low power motors, but they can only be steered with an oar. The exception is models under sails, which can be equipped with a steering feather.

Specifications of kayaks and canoes

Technical characteristics of kayaks and canoes depend on the model and its accessories, and in some cases repeat each other. So, the weight of inflatable kayaks ranges from 6 kilograms to 22 kilograms, the weight of inflatable canoes is approximately in the same range. But frame and inflatable kayaks weigh from 18 to 40 kilograms, while canoes of this type can carry up to 70 kilograms (seven-seater).

The carrying capacity of kayaks is from 150 to 370 kilograms. The carrying capacity of a canoe is from 150 to 500 kilograms. The width of kayaks is from 60 centimeters to one meter, the width of canoes is from 85 centimeters to one meter. The length of the kayaks is from 2.3 meters to 5.2 meters, the length of the canoe is from 2.5 to 7 meters. There are also canoes 10 meters long. Kayaks are never that long.

Kayak and canoe speed

In general, the difference in top speed between kayaks and canoes can be significant due to the fact that canoes are longer. On calm water, they quickly pick up acceleration and are able to confidently slide forward at speeds up to 10-12 kilometers per hour. Kayaks of such speed can reach in rare cases. Their traditional maximum is 8 kilometers per hour. However, in windy weather, canoes are inferior to boats due to their decent windage. Their flattened bottom also prevents this.

A significant difference between kayaks and canoes lies in the degree of isolation of rowers from external factors. Sit-in kayaks are usually equipped with skirts, aprons, which hermetically close the interior of the cockpits, protecting it from water and keeping warm. They can travel in any weather.

The hull of the canoe is completely open, and in rain, wind or in the cold season, rowers are uncomfortable in them. Ocean models can be supplemented with separate superstructures in which people can take shelter from cold spray and biting wind, but traditional canoes do not have such superstructures.

And finally, there are differences between kayaks and canoes in the level of boat handling. Sit-in kayaks seem to be put on rowers and are controlled not only by oars, stops, but also by body movements. In order to achieve the same virtuosity of control in a canoe, it is necessary to master special techniques.