In what city was it founded? When was the city of Kursk founded? Assumption of V. B. Bilinsky

Gennady Chibryakov opens "Secrets of the Uncrowned Capital of Siberia".

Last year, Gennady Grigorievich Chibryakov’s book “Secrets of the Uncrowned Capital of Siberia” was published, which tells about the history of the development of Siberia, the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway, the role of the House of Romanovs in the development of the Ob region, and the chronology of Novosibirsk. The book, neither more nor less, is called a monograph. The annotation to the publication says: “It is a statement of conceptual conclusions and the result of many years of research conducted by a scientist on his own initiative. It answers many questions (with experience) and reveals the secrets in the chronology of the old cities of Russia (on the example of Novo-Nikolaevsk) - the principles and foundations of dating their foundations, as well as the year and date of the start of counting "urban age" for new city formations, definitions named after the specific founders of the city.

Some call this book revolutionary, others a heresy that runs counter to the opinion of academic science. Someone admires the courage of the author, someone accuses him of violating the established opinion about the history of Novosibirsk. Be that as it may, the book is ambiguous and makes you think about many points related to the chronology of our city, the founders of Novosibirsk, and maybe even reconsider and rethink the "truths". Gennady Chibryakov sometimes makes shocking conclusions, trying to "open his eyes" to many secrets from the history of Novosibirsk, to debunk established myths and falsifications. The book is somewhat chaotic, the same conclusions are repeated in different chapters.

To understand where is the truth and where is the lie, to answer many questions that have arisen, we met with the author of the book “Secrets of the Uncrowned Capital of Siberia” Gennady Chibryakov.

Gennady Grigorievich Chibryakov - Professor of the Novosibirsk State Academy of Water Transport (NSAVT), Doctor and Corresponding Member. RANS, honorary academician of RAIiMI, member of the Union of Architects and the Union of Journalists of Russia. Chibryakov worked in various design and research institutes, was a member of the author's collective projects, many of which were implemented not only in the country, but also abroad. He was the chief designer and chief engineer of an unrealized project - an indoor sports complex in Novosibirsk "Siberian Luzhniki". In 1990, Gennady Grigorievich was elected a People's Deputy of the Novosibirsk Regional Council. His social work is multifaceted. He headed the Siberian branch of the International Fund for Humanitarian Initiatives, was the general director of the interregional fund "Culture of Siberia", the chairman of the section of the coordinating Council for spatial structures of Gosgrazhdanstroy, headed the scientific and technical council for the repair and reconstruction of the building of the NGATOiB (until 1992). Chibryakov has more than one hundred published scientific papers, books and articles in the media and magazines.

– Gennady Grigoryevich, how did it happen that you, not a historian by education, decided to study the history of Novosibirsk?

– When in the mid-1950s I entered Sibstrin and, after my small homeland Tatarsk, disappeared into the vast Novosibirsk, a feeling of love and pride arose in me for its mind-boggling scale and speed in its eternal movement towards progress and perfection.

After mastering the specialties of a civil engineer, architect and journalist, a great desire was strengthened in me to reveal to my countrymen the secrets born of the previous regime and to refute the falsification of the history of the beautiful capital of Siberia, as well as to name its founder, the time of foundation and date of birth.

– Do you think that the time of foundation of Novonikolaevsk and its date of birth are different things?

Yes, they are completely different things. The birthday of the city of Novo-Nikolaevsk is December 13, 1904, so in 2014 it will be only 110 years old! And the city was founded 315 years ago. The time has come when the identified historical dates of our city should be approved by law.

– How many years have you been working on the book? Where did you get the material?

– I have been doing research on the history of the city for 25 years. Dozens of reports and articles are devoted to this. As a result, I achieved my goal - the monograph "Secrets of the Uncrowned Capital of Siberia" was published. I worked a lot in the archives, I think that not the personal opinions of even authoritative scientists, but archival materials should be of paramount importance in historical research.

– What secrets of the capital of Siberia do you want to reveal to readers?

– First of all, these are the secrets of the falsification of the history of our city. The Bolsheviks could not allow the tsars to be the founders and reformers of town formation in the Ob region in documents and historical literature. They urgently "found" from "their card index" Novo-Nikolaevsk master Mikhailovsky (Garin), and the fast-growing city was transferred to the rank of "symbol" of the construction of socialist Siberia. And then, ignoring all the traditions and laws of the chronology of cities, they “appointed” his anniversary - either “birth”, or “foundation”. And this bluff was entered into encyclopedias and encyclopedic dictionaries. Obviously, this falsification was a political order.

"The village of Krivoshchekovo - the progenitor of Novonikolaevsk"?

– In your opinion, should the age of Novonikolaevsk be counted from the village of Krivoshchekovo?

– In 1699, in order to ensure the security of Russian territories in the Ob, Peter I founded the village of Krivoshchekovo (the initial stage of Novonikolaevsk), next to which a “chain” of settlements grew up, which in the future (after merging and repeatedly renaming) Novonikolaevsky village, transformed by the last emperor of Russia Nicholas II to the city of Novonikolaevsk (December 13, 1904).

In the studies of the writer A. Sadyrov, in historical stories there is information that, according to the letter written at the behest of Peter I, on February 15, 1699, the commandant of the Kuznetsk prison Boris Sinyavin sent the serviceman Fyodor Krinitsyn (nickname "Krivoshchek") to strengthen and protect the left bank of the Ob with a family. Soon, on the left bank, near the bay, there was a hut ...

Historian N.A. Minenko wrote in her book “On the Old Moscow Road”: “At the beginning of the 18th century, the first Russian settlement was founded on the territory of the future Novosibirsk - the village of Krivoshchekovo, which immediately became one of the centers of Russian-Teleut trade. The village got its name by the name of the founder - the service man Fyodor Krivoshchek.

Sadyrov also notes that in 1604 Evdoka Gusev was planted on the right bank of the Ob, apparently, the first village was named after him. (A. Sadyrov. Novonikolaevsky Torochki. Novosibirsk, 2000, p.15).

However, the year 1604 cannot be taken as the time of the founding of Novonikolaevsk, because in domestic and foreign historiography there is a specific tradition - the history of the city should begin from the time the first settlement appeared in its place, information about which did not disappear in subsequent years.

There is a document in the GANO where the inhabitants of the village of Novonikolaevsky write: “Our village arose two years ago from several courtyards transferred from Krivoshchekov ...”. When the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway began, the route of which was supposed to pass through the village, some of the residents moved to the right bank of the Ob. Considering that part of the original village moved to a new place, which later became known as the Novonikolaevsky village (and in the future the city of Novonikolaevsk), the year of foundation of our city should be considered from the moment the settlement of Krivoshchekovo was founded ( 1699)- his progenitor.

- That is, Novosibirsk is now 315 years old?

– Not certainly in that way. The city was founded 315 years ago, but in December 2014 it will be only 110 years old. The birthday of the city should be considered December 13, 1904, when, after the fulfillment of all the requirements of the City Regulations of 1892, the permission to open the actions of the city public administration followed. It was the city's birthday.

The fact is that on December 28, 1903 (January 10, 1904), the Sovereign Emperor "deigned to command the highest - the settlement of Novo-Nikolaevsk ... to raise to the degree of a city without a county of the same name ... to introduce in the village ... public administration according to the City Regulations of 1892 ...". Work went on throughout the year. Initially, the evaluation Commission was elected at the general meeting, then the persons entitled to participate in the electoral Assembly for the election of representatives for the first four years to the Public Assembly of Novo-Nikolaevsk were elected. In September 1904, these commissioners were elected to the public governing body of the city. And only on December 13 was followed by permission to open the actions of the city public administration.

"Peter I and Nicholas II - the founding fathers of Novonikolaevsk"

– Who do you consider the founders of our city?

- First of all, the first Russian emperor Peter the Great - the founder of the first Russian village (settlement) in the Ob region Krivoshchekovo and the last emperor of Russia - Nicholas II, the converter of the village of Novo-Nikolaevsk into the city of Novo-Nikolaevsk (1904). In the book, I show what role the Russian emperors played in the development of the Ob region, in the construction of land roads, the Trans-Siberian Railway and the development of settlements located along its route. So, Peter I organized the development of the Ob region and the concentration of the Russian population on its territory. It became the root cause of the laying of the route of the first land Siberian (Moscow tract) near (parallel) latitude 56 degrees.

Emperor Nicholas I issued in 1833 the Law on the improvement of roads in Russia. During the reign of Anna Ioannovna, in 1735, the construction of the Siberian overland tract began. Under Emperor Alexander II, the Ministry of Communications was created. Under Alexander III, the Siberian Road Committee was created, and in 1891, by his decree, its construction began. On February 10, 1893, Nicholas II headed the committee of the Siberian Railway and, until its completion, led this complex and responsible process. The construction of the Great Siberian Railway was completed ahead of schedule with good quality. Russia has become a transport power.

Emperor Nicholas II and his government were attentive to all the requests of the townspeople, this is indicated in the letters of the city headman I.T. Surikov.

The special merit of the emperor to the townspeople is that until the end of his life he took care of "our city", which, after the birth of the legitimate heir to the throne, Alexei, could become the capital of the entire Empire. However, the terrorists of V. Ulyanov (Lenin) prevented this accomplishment.

Considering that Nicholas II is the reformer of the settlement into the city of Novonikolaevsk, I suggest that the city of Novosibirsk return its former name Novonikolaevsk, as well as the original name of the main avenue of our city - Nikolaevsky, and erect an "equestrian" version of the monument to the creator of the city - the holy Emperor of Russia Nicholas II in its center. The place of erection of the monument is the intersection of Ordzhonikidze Street with Red Avenue - along the axis of the chapel.

–But what about the writer Nikolai Georgievich Garin-Mikhailovsky?

– This is the false founder of Novonikolaevsk. Time has shown that N. Garin (Mikhailovsky) was neither a patriot nor a moral person, as politicized "writers" and librarians represent him to this day. This is confirmed by the memoirs of his contemporaries, which I cite in the book. It turns out that Nikolai Georgievich was a traitor to the tsar and the Fatherland, a bigamist, a spendthrift, an embezzler, a Don Juan, a brawler.

And the fact that the forecourt, the metro station and the library in our city was named in his honor undeservedly, only for political reasons without proper discussion with the townspeople, is a crime.

Garin-Mikhailovsky tried to impose the introduction of narrow-gauge railways in Russia, including the huge Siberian railway, which he saw without railway bridges (but with ferries), without beautiful station buildings, and much more.

In addition, while standing on the bank of the Ob near Krivoshchekovo, Garin could not determine the alignment of the bridge, since he had not been to these places in 1891 at all. Obviously, this is a falsification of the party writer A. Nikulkov. Not only the alignment of the bridge, but also the route of the Trans-Siberian Railway was plotted back in 1888-90 by the specialists of the military ministry on a geographical map. Honored railway worker, Ph.D. namesake K.Ya. Mikhailovsky, having worked for barely a month and a half - from mid-June to the end of July 1891 - a month and a half - from mid-June to the end of July 1891 - Nikolai Georgievich drops everything and goes to Samara. By the way, he never visited the territory of the future Novo-Nikolaevsk, he was mainly engaged in searching for a route to Tomsk and, in general, believed that building the Ob across the bridge was too expensive. Enough for the first 15 years of a temporary ferry crossing. As you can see, if Novosibirsk has something to thank engineer N.G. Mikhailovsky, then only because he failed to defend his views.

Kursk- a city in Russia, the administrative center of the Kursk region (consists of 3 districts: Central, Zheleznodorozhny and Seimsky). In ancient times it was the capital of the Kursk principality. Kursk was part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (since 1360). Provincial city (since 1797). Kursk - the place of bloody battles of the Great Patriotic War, the "City of Military Glory" (since April 27, 2007), was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree "for the courage and steadfastness shown by the working people of the city during the Great Patriotic War, as well as successes in the economic and cultural construction” (April 9, 1980).

Origin of the city's name

Etymologically, other Russian. Kursk comes from the name of the river Kur. The hydronym is possibly associated with the folk term kurya - "river bay, narrow channel of the river, backwater." Although, according to legend, it was the Kur that was once a full-flowing, navigable river, and then became shallow. If you look geographically, then in the place where the Kur now flows from two sides there are hills, on the right downstream the area of Pushkarnaya Street - on the left is Kozatskaya - perhaps all this is the place where the Kur flowed. The same relief can be observed along the entire length of the river.

The first mention of Kursk

According to archaeological research, on the site of the current Znamensky Monastery of Kursk, there was a large settlement no later than the 8th century. Kursk is first mentioned in the Life of Theodosius of the Caves (not earlier than 1032 when the Dnieper left bank came into the possession of Yaroslav the Wise). In this chronicle, Kursk is described as a large city with developed trade and a significant number of inhabitants. It is this year that is considered to be the date of foundation of the city of Kursk.

Modern Kursk

Kursk is rich in architectural monuments of the 19th century. The most significant are the mansion of the merchant Khloponin (mid-18th century), the Kazan Cathedral (1778), the building of the former Assembly of the Nobility (late 19th century), the building of the former male gymnasium, the building of city hospital No. Mazepa (XVIII century).

The city has many museums, 3 exhibition halls, 8 libraries, 3 theaters, a philharmonic society, a planetarium, 14 houses of culture, 9 cinemas, 33 temples.

The architecture of the modern city is becoming more and more diverse. Central streets are being actively rebuilt. In recent years, buildings of a shopping center have been erected here at the intersection with the street. Sadovaya, as well as the shopping center "Pushkinsky", which made noticeable changes in the appearance of the city.

Monuments

Currently, the city has a large number of monuments:

Monument to Kursk Antonovka on the street. Lenin, sk. Klykov V. M.;
a monument to the submariners of the APRK "Kursk", on the Alley of submariners, (made from fragments of a submarine hull);
Arc de Triomphe (2000);
a monument-bust twice to the Hero of the Soviet Union Borovykh A.E. in the garden named after May 1 (September 18, 1948, sketch Efimov-Trofimov V.K.);
V. I. Lenin on Red Square (opened November 5, 1956, building Manizer M. G., architect Velikanov A. P.);
monument-bust of Zelenko E.I.
monument-bust to A. A. Deineka (1999, artist Krivolapov N. P.);
a monument to Marshal G.K. Zhukov;
a monument to Alexander Nevsky in the garden of May 1 (2000, sketch Klykov V. M.);
A. S. Pushkin on Theater Square (2000, artist N. Krivolapov, I. Minin, V. Bartenev);
a monument to military doctors at the main building of the Kursk State Medical University (June 17, 2005, artist Zautrennikov M., artist Krivolapov N., Minin I.);
a monument to Marshal K.K. Rokossovsky on Rokossovsky Square (opened on August 23, 2005, sk. Klykov V.M.);
a monument to the submariners of the APRK "Kursk" on the Alley of Submariners (made from fragments of a submarine hull);
a monument to the composer G.V. Sviridov at the corner of Lenin and Zolotoy streets (opened on September 23, 2005, sk. Minin I., Krivolapov N.);
writer E. I. Nosov at the corner of Blinova and Chelyuskintsev streets (October 2005, sk. Bartenev V. I.; Mikhailov V. N., Tsukanov M. E.);
a monument to the sculptor V. M. Klykov on Klykov Avenue (opened on November 3, 2007, sk. Klykov A. V.);
a monument to the writer K. D. Vorobyov at the corner of Perekalsky and Blinov streets (October 2009, architect Bartenev V. I., architect Tsukanov M. E.);
a monument to V. I. Lenin in Pioneer Park (opened on July 25, 2009; previously stood at the USSR Embassy in Berlin);
monument to F. E. Dzerzhinsky (1952);
monument-bust of K. Marx;
monument to Kursk Antonovka, on the street. Lenin (opened August 19, 2008, sculptor Klykov V. M.).

Education

Higher education is represented by:

Kursk State Medical University (KSMU);
Kursk State Agricultural Academy. prof. I. I. Ivanova;
Kursk State University;
Southwestern State University;
Institute of Management, Economics and Business;
Kursk Institute of Social Education (branch) RSSU;
Regional Financial and Economic Institute;
Regional open social institution;
Kursk Institute of State and Municipal Service;
All-Russian Correspondence Institute of Finance and Economics (branch).

Official symbols

Coat of arms
The coat of arms of Kursk was approved by the decision of the Small Council of the Kursk City Council of People's Deputies No. 48 on February 27, 1992. The modern emblem is the historical coat of arms of the city, known since the 18th century: in a silver shield there is an azure band - a ribbon on which three flying partridges are depicted.

Flag
The flag of Kursk, in accordance with the decision of the Kursk City Assembly dated May 26, 2000 No. 56-2-RS, is a rectangular panel of azure color with a diagonal blue-blue stripe. The blue-and-blue stripe depicts three flying partridges of silver color. The width of the diagonal stripe is one third of the width of the flag. The ratio of the flag's width to its length is 2:3.

Hymn
The "Hymn of the city of Kursk" was established as the official symbol of Kursk in accordance with the decision of the Kursk City Assembly dated July 25, 2007 No. 360-3-RS. The words of the anthem were written by Vadim Korneev, the music - by Yuri Pyatkovsky.

Moscow- the capital of the Russian Federation, but it is quite a young city compared to others. How much do we know about the founding of Moscow?

Despite a good education, many still have the questions “who founded Moscow” and “in what year was Moscow founded”. On the one hand, the questions seem to be simple. But in fact, there are no exact answers to them. There is only information that is considered official. Moscow was founded by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky in 1147.

Moscow was built on Borovitsky Hill, at the confluence of the Moscow River and the Neglinnaya River, just above the Yauza River. Despite the fact that 1147 is considered the date of foundation of Moscow, even the century of foundation of the settlement is unknown. Some historians believe that the settlement was founded in the 9th century by Prince Oleg, and later built up as a city by Yuri Dolgoruky. According to another, more common version, Moscow was founded in the 12th century, but the exact year is unknown. In the Ipatiev Chronicle, Moscow was first mentioned in 1147, which is why this year is considered the year of foundation of Moscow. Then Yuri Dolgoruky convened a military council and called Prince Svyatoslav Olegovich "to Moscow." It is believed that earlier Yuri Dolgoruky ordered the construction of a guard fort to protect his borders on a high hill at the confluence of three rivers. In 1156, Moscow, by order of Yuri Dolgoruky, was fortified with a moat and wooden walls.

It is known that the first name of the city was Kuchkov, in honor of the boyar Stepan Kuchka, who owned these lands. However, the boyar was executed by Yuri Dolgoruky, and the city was named after the river - Moscow. It is worth noting that there is no information about whether Yuri Dolgoruky visited the city after its foundation.

What does the word "Moscow" mean? There is no exact answer to this question either. There are several versions of the origin of the word:

The Old Slavic word "mosk" means "wet, wet" or (double meaning) "mind". It is quite logical, because the river was originally called Moscow.
Several Mari words for "bear" and "mother" form the word "Moscow".
In the Komi language "Moscow" means "Cow River". To date, this version is the most common.

The history of the founding of the city of Moscow is the first thing a tourist encounters when coming to this city! And I was no exception. A visit to the tour of Red Square was a mandatory program of my trip around the country. It's so interesting and exciting to see with your own eyes what was told in the classroom at school!

Date and history of the founding of the city of Moscow

The foundation of the city dates back to 1147, based on the first mentions in the annals.

The first settlement was erected on a hill near the Moscow River.

The city was originally called Kuchkov, in honor of the boyar Stepan Ivanovich Kuchko, who owned these lands at that time. Just imagine, our capital could be called differently! Let's go to Kuchkov?))

Founder of the city of Moscow

Whom to thank for the possession of such a capital? Of course, Yuri Dolgoruky!

The Grand Duke of Kiev, Yuri Dolgoruky, who convened a military council, gave the order "To Moscow!" This event was reflected in the annals, giving rise to the history of the founding of the capital.

The prince executed Stepan Kuchka for resisting and unwillingness to give up land. Created a wooden fortification around the city. Spread Christianity.

The monument to Yuri Dolgoruky stands on Tverskaya Square in Moscow, next to Red Square.

The Kremlin is ancient Moscow

A few more interesting facts:

The territory of the Kremlin can be walked around the wall in 15 minutes! This is the area of the settlement.
When the city had a fortification in the form of a wooden wall, Moscow was wooden. Later, in 1366, under Dmitry Donskoy, a wall was built of white stone, from there Moscow Belokamennaya.
And only in 1485 the Moscow Kremlin acquired its present form. The red brick wall was built according to the Italian fashion, so in Italy you can find architecture in a similar style.
Even the red wall, in the Soviet Union, was whitewashed! For holidays and events. Then they stopped doing this, the whitewash faded over time, and we are seeing the Kremlin in its original form.

Such interesting facts can be learned not only from textbooks and the Internet, but also by visiting the capital of our Motherland, having been on a tour of Red Square!

Who founded Nizhny Novgorod and in what year? Nizhny Novgorod was founded in 1221. The city appeared territorially at the confluence of the Oka and the Volga, and founded it as "Nov Grad" by Vladimir Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich, who at that time entered into princely powers after the death of his father, Prince Vsevolod. Despite the fact that Yuri (Georgy) was an outstanding politician of his time and tried to avoid military clashes, Nizhny Novgorod was founded at the time of one of the major military movements of troops in the direction of the Volga Bulgaria. The total number of campaigns during the reign of Yuri Vsevolodovich reached 14.

Calling the name of Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich, it is rather difficult to understand who founded Nizhny Novgorod, since this person is not covered much in our history. Meanwhile, his historical and political contribution is very significant in the formation of Russian statehood, as well as the fortified town-planning complex he founded, which was later called Nizhny Novgorod because of its southern location.

The mouth of the Oka - strengthening the frontiers in the XIII century

At the mouth of the Oka at the end of the first millennium of our era, the military squads of Russian princes were traditionally located, which were brought to the battle lines as military threats arose. Nizhny Novgorod retained this function for several centuries, already in the 17th century, during the Time of Troubles, the Nizhny Novgorod militia, led by Minin and Pozharsky, played a significant role in removing False Dmitry from the throne and liberating Moscow.

Volga Bulgaria is the historical name of the state in the Middle Volga region and on the banks of the Kama River, which existed from the 10th to the 13th century AD, then included in the Russian lands. The main population of this state consisted of Muslims, namely the population of Turkic-speaking tribes.

According to ancient chronicles, Arab historians considered Bulgaria to be the northernmost country and placed it in the 7th (most recent) climatic zone of the Earth.

The first mention of the Volga Bulgaria dates back to 903-913, the description of the lands is present in the ancient encyclopedia "Dear values" of the Arab historian Ibn-Rust. It is worth noting that in the 1st millennium AD, on a large territory of modern Ukraine and in the modern western lands of the Russian Federation, the powerful Khazar kingdom was located with the official religion of Judaism.

Ibn-Rusta wrote that the Bulgars lived on the banks of the Itil (Volga) River, which flows into the Khazar (Caspian) Sea. The southeastern border ran along the Yaika (Ural) River. The Bulgars were constantly in close proximity to the Slavs, including on the Lower Volga.

The population of Bulgaria led a semi-sedentary way of life, so their resettlement posed significant threats to the young Russian state. In connection with these threats, which constantly arose on the lower borders, Yuri Vsevolodovich decided to strengthen the borders at the mouth of the Oka, where at that time Russian squads were almost constantly located.

The name "Nov Grad" implies the fact, which many historians agree on, that there was also an old city on this site, most likely, it was a fortification without an explicit urban planning device. The name "Nizhny" appeared in connection with the location on the Lower Volga and the appearance of other Novgorods.

In this case, it is with the great history of Nizhny Novgorod that many historical events of the Russian state are connected, and, as a result, with those who founded it. Earlier events in the formation of the Volga Bulgaria allow us to assess the significance of the military-political decision of Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich.

Nizhny Novgorod - a protected frontier of Russian statehood from Muslims

During the period of the 1st millennium AD, the fall of Imperial Rome, and then Byzantium, as well as the development of Christian statehood, Europe experienced troubled times. The Moscow princes were left to their own devices, since the historical events in Rome (including its sack and capture by barbarians) did not allow Imperial Rome to subjugate new territories.

However, this also caused Muslim raids and the seizure of lands bordering on the lands of the Slavs. Back in the 7th-8th centuries, one of the hordes of the Kutrigur tribes, led by Kotrag, expanded the lands of Great Bulgaria and settled on the banks of the Volga and Kama, previously inhabited by Finno-Ugric tribes, where the Volga Bulgaria was later formed.

The Bulgars created a strong and developed state with a clear governance structure, in 922 the Baltavar, the leader of the Bulgars, invited a delegation from Baghdad to protect themselves from the Khazar state and introduced Islam of the Hanafi persuasion as the state religion. However, such a political step was not positively perceived by the Bulgar aristocracy, which subsequently led to the division of the state into five parts, and then to its collapse.

Military and political achievements of the Russian prince Yuri Vsevolodovich

Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich, having founded Nizhny Novgorod and strengthened the southern borders of the Rostov-Suzdal principality, continued the work begun by Yuri Dolgoruky, who in 1120 led the campaign of Russian princely troops against the Volga Bulgars. Recall that during the XII century, the location of the Russian capital changed several times. First, Yuri Vsevolodovich Dolgoruky transferred her from Rostov to Suzdal, then his son moved to Vladimir.

Prince Dolgoruky founded Moscow during his reign, for this reason the influence of the Nizhny Novgorod militia on the events of the accession of False Dmitry to the Russian throne in the 17th century becomes clear. The Rostov-Suzdal principality played a special role in the formation of Moscow lands. Subsequently, this function was performed by Nizhny Novgorod.

Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich continued the work of his ancestors - a glorious story of the formation of the first Rostov-Suzdal principality, and then the Russian state. His predecessors were Vladimir Monomakh, his son Yuri Dolgoruky, Prince Yaropolk.