Climbing knots: continued. Knots and connections in mountaineering How to tie a strong knot from two ropes

Sailors use it only in exceptional cases, when it becomes necessary to tie two cables very quickly. Although the connection of plant cables with an oak knot is quite reliable, it has a serious drawback: a tightly tightened knot is very difficult to untie later, especially if it gets wet. In addition, a cable tied in such a knot has less strength and, during operation, creates a danger of catching on something during its movement. Its only positive qualities are the speed with which it can be tied and reliability. To connect two cables, their ends must be folded lengthwise together and, stepping back 15-20 centimeters from the edges, tie both ends as one with a simple knot. Do not try to tie synthetic cables and fishing line with this knot: he crawls on them.

This is one of the oldest marine knots, which was used on ships to connect two cables, both thin and thick. In fact, this is the same figure eight, tied with two ends. There are two ways to knit this knot. First, make a figure eight at the end of one of the cables tied together. Towards the exit of the running end from it, enter the running end of the second cable and repeat figure 8, tied on the first cable. After that, grasping each two ends, left and right, evenly begin to tighten the knot, trying to keep its shape. For the final tightening of the knot, pull on the root ends of the cables (see figure). To connect two cables with a Flemish knot in the second way, put the running ends of the connected cables parallel to one another so that they touch each other approximately along the length of one meter. At this point, tie a figure eight with two cables folded together. In this case, you will have to carry around and thread into the loop along with the short running end of one of the cables and the long root. This is precisely the inconvenience of the second method of knitting the Flemish knot. The connection of two cables with a Flemish knot is considered very strong. This knot, even when tightly tightened, does not damage the cable, and is relatively easy to untie. In addition, it has excellent quality - does not slip and holds securely on synthetic fishing line.

No less durable is the connection of two cables with a water knot. To tie it, lay the ropes to be tied with their ends towards each other so that their ends run parallel and touch each other. Holding the running and root ends of two different cables in one hand, begin to knit an oak knot with them, but instead of one run-out of the root end, make two. Before finally tightening the knot, check that one pair of ends comes out of the loop from above, and the second from below, as shown in the diagram. The water unit is simple and reliable. In the Navy, it has not found wide application, because with strong traction it drags on so much that it is very difficult to untie it.

How much irony and disdain can be heard from the side of the sailors to this primitive and, unfortunately, firmly rooted in our life knot. That's exactly what sailors shouldn't do - tie this knot. A naval man who unluckily tied a woman's knot even on the shore will surely be ridiculed by his colleagues. Like, this is a shame for the fleet. But, alas, among land people this knot is a station wagon. The vast majority of people who are not familiar with rigging, or those who, by their profession, do not deal with ropes, ropes, or threads, use a woman’s knot in all cases when they need to tie, tie or tie something . It seems that people, having mastered this knot in childhood, believed in its utility so much that they don’t even want to hear about any other complex sea knots. Nevertheless, seriously speaking, this traitor knot in the entire history of mankind has done a lot of trouble and even claimed a lot of human lives. The Babi knot consists of two half-knots tied in series one above the other in the same direction. If he ties two ropes and pulls, then it is immediately clear that he begins to move along the rope, slide along it. And if you tie it close to one of the connected ends of the rope, then when pulling it, it can slip and will certainly slip if the connected ropes are of different thicknesses. Unfortunately, not everyone knows about this and continues to use it. In our country, this knot got its name due to the fact that from time immemorial, women tied the ends of headscarves with it. Abroad, it is called "grandmother's", "stupid", "veal", "false", "salaga" knot. But, oddly enough, the woman's knot is used in their work by sailors and fishermen of some countries. In addition to its negative qualities (to slip and not succumb to untying), they caught one of its positive properties - under certain conditions, instantly turn into a simple bayonet - into one of the simplest and most reliable marine knots for securing a mooring vessel on the shore for a fell, bollard or mooring bollard . But in order to tie a simple bayonet when mooring, you need to get off the ship ashore and do it directly at the fell or put the end on the shore so that those on the shore do it. But it turns out that a simple bayonet can be tied to a bollard without leaving the ship ashore. And this is done with the help of a woman’s knot despised by sailors ... For this, at the end of the cable, which they intend to bring ashore for fastening it with a simple bayonet around the fell, a loop is made, the running end of which is connected to the root end with a woman’s knot, which is not completely tightened. From the side of the ship, this loop is thrown onto the fell. When jerking at the root of the mooring line, the woman's knot turns into a simple bayonet.

Some people, tying two ropes together, somehow manage to tie a so-called "mother-in-law" knot, somewhat reminiscent of a woman. If at the latter the running ends come out of the knot on one side, then at the mother-in-law's knot they come out from different sides diagonally. The "mother-in-law" knot is as insidious as the woman's (if not more). It should never be used under any circumstances.

Archaeological finds indicate that the Egyptians used it about three thousand years before our era. The ancient Greeks and Romans called it Nodus Hercules - the Hercules or Hercules knot, because the mythical hero Hercules tied the front paws of the skin of the lion he had killed on his chest with it. The Romans used the straight knot to stitch wounds and heal broken bones. It consists of two half-knots, sequentially tied one on top of the other in different directions. This is the usual easiest way to knit it (Fig. a). Sailors, who have been using this knot since ancient times to tie cables, use a different knitting method (Fig. b). Weavers who use a straight knot to tie broken threads of yarn tie it in their own way, in a special way that is convenient for them (Fig. c). With heavy loads on the tied cables, as well as when the cables get wet, the straight knot is strongly tightened. How can a straight (reef) knot be untied, which is so tightened that it cannot be untied and will have to be cut. A straight knot, even wet and tightly tightened, is untied very simply, in 1 - 2 seconds. Tie a straight knot as shown in diagram (d). Take ends A and B in your left hand, and ends C and D in your right hand. Pull them strongly in different directions and tighten the knot as tight as possible. After that, take the root end A in your left hand (so that it does not slip out of the hand, make a couple of hoses around the palm). Take the running end B in your right hand (you can also wrap it around your palm.). Pull the ends sharply and strongly in different directions. Without releasing end A from your left hand, hold the rest of the knot in your fist with your right hand, holding it with your thumb and forefinger. Pull root end A to the left side - the knot is untied. The whole secret lies in the fact that when the ends of A and B are jerked in different directions, the straight knot turns into two half-bayonets and completely loses all its properties. It is also easily untied if you take the root end D in your right hand and pull the running end B strongly to the left. Only in this case, the end of G must then be pulled to the right, and the rest of the knot (half bayonets) to the left. When untying a straight knot in this way, remember that if you pulled the running end to the right, pull the root to the left and vice versa. When untying a straight knot, one should not forget that with what force it was tightened, it is necessary to pull one of its running ends with the same force.

At first glance, it almost does not differ from a direct knot and it seems that it is akin to it. But if you look closely, it becomes clear that the running ends of the thieves' knot come out of it diagonally. The thieves' knot, as well as the women's and mother-in-law's knots, are shown for clarity, to emphasize their similarity and difference with the direct knot. The use of these four nodes is not recommended, as they are unreliable for tying two cables. The origin of the name "thieves' knot" is curious. It appeared on English warships at the beginning of the 17th century. Theft of royal property and the theft of personal belongings of sailors on British ships were considered commonplace. In those years, the sailors of warships kept their simple belongings and food, mainly in the form of biscuits, in small canvas bags. The bag, of course, cannot be closed with a lock, it can only be tied. As a rule, sailors tied their personal bags with a straight knot. Thieves, mostly recruits who were not yet accustomed to the starvation of the ship's diet, having stolen other people's biscuits, could not properly tie the knot with which the bag was tied. They knitted something similar - a knot that the sailors began to call thieves. There is also a second version about the origin of this name: in order to prove the act of stealing from a bag, the owner deliberately tied a knot very similar to a straight one, and the thief, not paying attention to the trick, tied the robbed bag with a straight knot. But be that as it may, the origin of the node itself, like its name, is associated with the Fleet.

They are still used by surgeons to tie threads of ligatures to stop bleeding and to stitch tissues and skin together. Nowadays, medicine has not yet abandoned the use of knots, and doctors skillfully use them. During abdominal operations, surgeons have to suture catgut (a special material obtained from the mucous layer of the intestines of a ram or sheep), which resolves after 3-4 weeks. When tying, the catgut slips, and, making knots on it, surgeons use special clamps. During microsurgical operations, physicians use extremely thin suture material - a synthetic thread 10 to 200 times thinner than a human hair. It is possible to tie such a thread only with the help of special clamps under an operating microscope. These threads are used in the suturing of the walls of blood vessels, for example, in the replantation of fingers, in the suturing of individual nerve fibers. Basically, they use a woman's, straight, bleached, surgical knots and the so-called "constrictor" knot. When tying a surgical knot, first two half-knots are made one after the other with two ends, which are then pulled in different directions. Then they tie from above, but in the other direction, another half-knot. The result is a knot very similar to a straight knot. The principle of the knot is that the first two half-knots do not allow the two ends to disperse in different directions while another half-knot is knitted on top. It is convenient to use this knot when there is a need to pull off and tie some elastic bale or load with a rope, and the tightened first half of the knot on the rope, without releasing its ends with your hands, you have to press it with your knee.

It is very similar to the surgical knot, differing only in that instead of one second half-knot, it has two of them. It differs from its, if I can say, progenitor - a direct knot in that the running end of the cable is wrapped around the running end of another cable twice, after which the running ends lead towards each district and again run around them twice. In other words, there are two half-knots at the bottom and two half-knots at the top, but tied in the opposite direction. This gives it the advantage that when the rope is heavily loaded, it does not tighten as much as a straight knot and is easier to untie in the normal way.

It has long been considered one of the most reliable knots for tying cables of different thicknesses. They even tied anchor hemp ropes and mooring lines. Having eight weaves, the flat knot never tightens too much, does not creep and does not spoil the cable, since it does not have sharp bends, and the load on the cables is evenly distributed over the knot. After removing the load on the cable, this knot is easy to untie. The principle of a flat knot lies in its shape: it is really flat, and this makes it possible to choose the cables connected by it on the drums of capstans and windlasses, on the welps of which its shape does not interfere with the even overlap of subsequent hoses. In marine practice, there are two options for knitting this knot: a loose knot with tacking of its free running ends to the root or half-bayonets at their ends (a) and without such a tack, when the knot is tightened (b). A flat knot tied in the first way (in this form it is called a Josephine knot) on two cables of different thicknesses almost does not change its shape even with very high traction and is easily untied when the load is removed. The second knitting method is used for tying thinner than anchor ropes and mooring lines, cables, with the same or almost the same thickness. At the same time, it is recommended to first tighten the tied flat knot with your hands so that it does not twist with a sharp pull. After that, when a load is given to the connected cable, the knot crawls and twists for some time, but, having stopped, it holds firmly. It is untied without much effort by shifting the loops covering the root ends. As already mentioned, a flat knot has eight intersections of cables and, it would seem that it can be tied in different ways, there are 256 different options for tying it. But practice shows that not every knot from this number, tied according to the principle of a flat knot (alternating intersection of opposite ends from under and over), will hold securely. Ninety percent of them are unreliable, and some are even dangerous for tying cables designed for strong traction. Its principle depends on the change in the sequence of intersection of the connected cables in a flat knot, and it is enough to slightly change this order, as the knot receives other negative qualities. Before putting this knot into practice for any important business, you must first remember exactly its scheme and tie the cables exactly along it without any, even the most insignificant deviations. Only in this case, the flat knot will serve you faithfully and will not let you down. This marine knot is indispensable for tying two cables (even steel ones, on which a significant effort will be applied, for example, when pulling a heavy truck stuck in mud on half a wheel with a tractor).

In foreign rigging practice, this knot is considered one of the best knots for tying two large diameter cables. It is not very complicated in its scheme and is quite compact when tightened. It is most convenient to tie it if you first lay the running end of the cable in the form of a figure of the number 8 on top of the main one. After that, thread the elongated running end of the second cable into loops, pass it under the middle intersection of the figure-eight and bring it out over the second intersection of the first cable. Next, the running end of the second cable must be passed under the root end of the first cable and inserted into the figure-eight loop, as the arrow indicates. When the knot is tightened, the two running ends of both cables stick out in different directions. The dagger knot is easy to untie if one of the extreme loops is loosened.

Despite its name, this elementary node is quite reliable and can be heavily loaded. In addition, it is easily untied in the absence of traction. The principle of the knot is half-bayonets with other people's ends (a). Sometimes we have to tie two straps: or two ribbons, let's say the reins. For this purpose, the "herbal" knot is very convenient (b). It can be tied by changing a little "Teschin" knot or starting with half bayonets, as shown in diagram (a). When tightening the "grass" knot by the root ends, the knot twists and takes a different shape. When it is finally tightened, the two running ends look in the same direction.

Its name suggests that it is convenient for tying bags and bundles. It is simple, original and designed for quick knitting. The packet knot is somewhat reminiscent of a herbal knot. In terms of strength, it is not inferior to the latter.

In Russia, this knot has long had three names - forest, fishing and English. In England it is called English, in America it is called a river or water knot. It is a combination of two simple knots tied with running ends around other people's root ends. To tie two cables with a fishing knot, you need to put them towards each other and make a simple knot with one end, and pass the other end through its loop and around the root end of the other cable and also tie a simple knot. Then you need to move both loops towards each other so that they come together and tighten the knot. The fishing knot, despite its simplicity, can be fearlessly used to tie two cables of approximately the same thickness. With strong traction, it tightens so tightly that it is almost impossible to untie it. It is widely used by anglers for tying fishing line (not synthetic) and for attaching leashes to the fishing line.

This knot is considered one of the most reliable knots for tying synthetic fishing tackle. It has quite a lot of weaves, is symmetrical and relatively compact when tightened. With a certain skill, they can even tie the strings of the piano. To do this, the place of the string bundle must be carefully degreased and covered with shellac. The snake knot can be successfully used to tie two cables made of any material when a strong, reliable connection is required.

In weaving, there are about two dozen original knots for tying a broken thread of yarn and for connecting new coils. The main requirements imposed by the specifics of production on each weaving knot are the speed with which it can be tied, and the compactness of the knot, which ensures the free passage of the thread through the machine. Experienced weavers are truly virtuosos in knitting their ingenious knots. They tie a broken thread in just a second. They have to do it without stopping the machine. Almost all weaving knots are designed primarily for instant tying, so that in the event of a thread break, the weaving machines will continue to run smoothly. Some of the weaving knots are very similar to sea knots, but differ from the latter in the way they are tied. Some weaving knots have long been borrowed by sailors in their original form and serve them reliably. The weaving knot can be called the "brother" of the clew knot. The only difference is in the way it is tied and in the fact that the latter is tied into a krengels or sail fire, while the weaving knot is knitted with two cables. The principle of the weaving knot is considered classical. Truly this is the embodiment of reliability and simplicity.

This knot is similar to weaving in its principle. The only difference is that in a knotted knot, the running ends look in different directions - this is very important when tying yarn threads. Neither in simplicity nor in strength is it inferior to a weaving knot and is just as quickly tied. This knot is also famous for the fact that on its basis you can tie the "king of knots" - the gazebo knot.

It got its name from the word "sheet" - a tackle that is controlled by a sail, stretching its one lower corner, if it is oblique, and simultaneously for two, if it is straight and suspended from the yard. Sheets are named after the sail they are attached to. For example, the fore-sheet and the main-sheet are tackles with which the lower sails are set - the fore and main, respectively. Mars-sheets serve to set the topsails, jib-sheets pull back the clew of the jib, and the fore-staysail-sheets pull back the clew of the fore-stay, etc. In the sailing fleet, this knot was used when it was necessary to tie the tackle into the fire of the sail, in the middle, such as, for example, the mars-foxle-sheet. The clew knot is simple and very easy to untie, but it fully justifies its purpose - it securely holds the sheet in the crank of the sail. Strongly tightening, it does not spoil the cable. The principle of this knot is that the thin running end passes under the main end and, when pulled, is pressed by it in a loop formed by a thicker cable. When using a clew knot, you should always remember that it holds securely only when traction is applied to the cable. This knot is knitted in almost the same way as a straight one, but its running end is passed not next to the main one, but under it. A clew knot is best used for attaching a cable to a finished loop, krengels or thimble. It is not recommended to use a clew knot on a synthetic rope, as it slips and can spill out of the loop. For greater reliability, the clew knot is knitted with a hose. In this case, it looks like a bramshkot knot; the difference is that his hose is made higher than the loop on the root of the cable around the splash. The clew knot is an integral element of some types of braided fishing nets.

As well as the clew knot, it got its name from the name of the tackle - the bramsheet, which is used to stretch the clew knots of the lower edge of the straight sail when setting the bramsails. If single sheets of the lower sails are tied with a clew knot, then bram-sheets and bom-bram-sheets, bram-halyards and bom-bram-halyards, as well as bram-gits are tied with a clew knot. The clew knot is more reliable than the clew knot, because it does not immediately untie when the pull on the cable stops. It differs from the clew knot in that the loop (or krengels) is surrounded by the running end not once, but twice, and also passed under the root end twice. In the days of the sailing fleet, the bramshkot knot was widely used when working with gear. It was used when it was necessary to take some tackle with the end into the fire, for example, bram-sheets and bram-gits. Usually they tied bram-gintsy into bram-fal and gintsy into topenant of the lower yards. Bramshkotovy knot is also reliable for tying two cables of different thicknesses. It holds well on synthetic cables of equal thickness.

In marine practice, it often becomes necessary to attach a much thinner cable compared to it to a thick rope. Such a need always exists during the mooring of the vessel to the berth, when one or several mooring lines must be supplied from the deck. There are several ways to attach the throwing line to a mooring line that does not have fire, but the most common of them is the use of a docker knot. To tie this knot, the running end of the thick cable to which you intend to attach the thin cable must be folded in half. Insert a thin cable into the loop formed from below, make one run around the root of the thick cable, pass it under the thin cable, then over the running end of the thick cable and, passing under three cables, insert it into the loop. The docker knot is reliable enough to pull out (or lift onto the deck from the shore) a heavy mooring line with a throwing end, and quickly unties. It is best used as a temporary knot.

It seems strange that this wonderful knot, long known to furriers, has so far gone unnoticed by sailors. His scheme speaks for itself. It is relatively simple, has fairly crossed ends, and is compact. In addition, the furrier knot has an excellent property: designed for strong traction, it is tightly tightened, but also untied without much difficulty. This knot can be successfully used for tying synthetic cables and fishing lines.

This knot, although not widely used in the fleet, is also among the original and reliable knots for tying cables. It is unique in that, with a very simple interlacing of each end separately, it holds tightly with very strong traction and, moreover, it is very easy to untie after removing the load on the cable - just move any of the loops along the corresponding root end and the knot immediately crumbles. It does not slip on synthetic fishing line and can be successfully used by anglers.

In our time, to invent a new knot is an almost unbelievable thing, since no more than 500 of them have been invented in five millennia. Therefore, it is no coincidence that the invention of a new knot by the English retired doctor Edward Hunter in 1979 caused a kind of sensation in the maritime circles of many countries. British patent experts, issuing Haiter a patent for his invention, recognized that the node is really new. Moreover, it holds perfectly on all cables, including the thinnest synthetic lines. In essence, the hunting knot is a successful interlacing of two simple knots tied at the ends of the cables. Dr. Hunter did not pursue the goal of inventing a new knot, but tied it quite by accident. Since the name Hunter in English means "hunter", we called this knot a hunting knot.

In this article, I will list the simplest knots that will come in handy for those trips when it is not supposed to use special climbing equipment (carabiners, harnesses, rollers, etc.). When you just need to set up a camp in the forest, tie a boat, a bowler hat, secure cargo on a kayak, etc. Each knot will have a link to beautiful animation-illustrations for knitting them on the site www.animatedknots.com. If you are interested in the topic of knots in principle, go there, and here there will be only those that I really use in practice with a description of what for. The main point of selection is simplicity and versatility. If you learn a lot of knots and don't use them, you'll forget quickly. It is better to know less, but well, and strain the brain, applying the knowledge that is.

An article about climbing knots separately.

About how to use a rope and a minimum of equipment for insurance, for moving around the terrain.

Bayonet http://www.animatedknots.com/roundturn/index.php

It is used if you need to tie a rope to something. Yes, these few elementary wraps around the rope are even called a knot. Each run is a “bayonet”, two runs are a double bayonet, three are triple. The theory says that it makes no sense to do more than 3 runs, but when people are afraid, for example, for the fate of a kan lowered into the river on a rope, they will do more - it's okay 🙂

Tie this knot not to the support or handle of the kan, but ... to another bayonet! Now you have already tied two ropes and maybe you no longer need to read that article further 🙂

Stirrup

In the photo, a stirrup knot on a pole. Tied in the middle of the rope. An awning is tied to the left, and a rope goes down to the right to a peg in the ground. Under normal load, it tightens tightly and does not go anywhere. At the same time, I can adjust the tension only by slightly loosening the knot without untying it - using the example from above, I can give the rope towards the awning or to a peg in the ground.If the pole is removed from the knot, then it will untie itself - no need to waste time unraveling the knots. On a peg in the ground, the rope is fixed with the same knot.

It is useful to learn how to knit this knot not only in the middle of the rope, but also with the end of the rope. It is very convenient to tie the awning guys to the trees in this way - you can adjust the tension even after the knot is tied and it is easy to untie.

If in the stirrup knot at the end of the rope one of the branches (opposite to the one to which something is tied) is made with a loop, then you will have a knot that can be quickly untied even under load.

If you are afraid that someone will accidentally pull the “pulling off” tail, then leave the loop longer and tie a bayonet to it.

The stirrup should not be confused with the semi-grip http://www.animatedknots.com/girth/index.php - this one doesn't tighten as much and doesn't hold much. On a semi-grip, you can hang some kind of loop on your climbing harness, for example.

Witch's saddle/towing knot http://www.animatedknots.com/lightermans/index.php

Continuing the topic of setting awnings. The strength of the hands is not always enough to pull the awning guy, and such a knot creates additional tension in the process of attaching the awning to the tree. Fasten the end of the rope with the same bayonet and the job is done.

Direct http://www.animatedknots.com/reef/index.php

For tying two ropes. For example, they tie their shoelaces (only there you first do it with a single lace, and then fold it in half - to make it easy to untie). Usually they try to make it straight, but it turns out to be a woman (on the animation in animatadknots at the link above, it is shown in the “Granny” tab).

anyway on my own straight knot not very reliable - it will untie if the load appears then disappears (the rope will be pulled). Its advantage is that it is easy to learn and knits quickly. If you want to increase the reliability of the knot, tie the ends of the "control" from the remnants of the tips - they will not allow the knot to untie.

In life, in addition to tying shoelaces, it will come in handy to build up the rope when setting up the same awning. Or to make a small loop and hang a crossbar on it over a fire for a bowler hat.

Bowline http://www.animatedknots.com/bowlineonehand/index.php

The link will show how to knit this knot with one hand. Useful if you fell off the boat / fell through the ice and want to tie a non-tightening loop around the torso. If you want to tie around a tree and (oh miracle!) Forget the bayonet (by the way, its loop is tightened) - tie a bowline. Just do not forget the control - without it, the bowline will untie when the load changes.

Austrian Explorer http://www.animatedknots.com/alpinebutterfly/index.php

Such a loop in the middle of the rope

• Slightly reduces the strength of the rope;
• Does not slip and does not tighten;
• Works in any of three directions (towards the loop or towards the ends);
• Easily untied after the load applied to it.

It will come in handy where you want to create a loop, you know that it will be often or strongly pulled, and at the same time you want to untie it easily later. For example, dragging a raft from one side of the river to the other, hanging a kan over a fire, etc.

In my trips (information about the trips in which I expect participants is laid out here.

Flemish node (Fig. 21). This is one of the oldest marine knots, which was used on ships to connect two cables, both thin and thick. In fact, this is the same figure eight, tied with two ends. There are two ways to knit this knot. The first one is shown in the diagram.

First, make a figure-eight at the end of one of the cables tied together (see Fig. 3). Towards the exit of the running end from it, enter the running end of the second cable and repeat the figure “8”, tied on the first cable. After that, grasping each two ends, left and right, evenly begin to tighten the knot, trying to keep its shape. To finally tighten the knot, pull on the root ends of the cables.

To connect two cables with a Flemish knot in the second way, put the running ends of the connected cables parallel to one another so that they touch each other approximately along the length of one meter. At this point, tie a figure eight with two cables folded together. In this case, you will have to carry around and thread into the loop along with the short running end of one of the cables and the long root. This is precisely the inconvenience of the second method of knitting the Flemish knot.

The connection of two cables with a Flemish knot is considered very strong. This knot, even when tightly tightened, does not damage the cable, and is relatively easy to untie. In addition, it has excellent quality - does not slip and holds securely on synthetic fishing line.

water node(Fig. 22). No less durable is the connection of two cables with a water knot. To tie it, lay the ropes to be tied with their ends towards each other so that their ends run parallel and touch each other. Holding the running and root ends of two different cables in one hand, begin to knit an oak knot with them (see Fig. 20), but instead of one run-out of the root end, make two. Before finally tightening the knot, check that one pair of ends comes out of the loop from above, and the second from below, as shown in the diagram (see Fig. 22).

The water unit is simple and reliable. In the Navy, it has not found wide application, because with strong traction it drags on so much that it is very difficult to untie it.

Rice. 22. Water knot

Babi knot(Fig. 23). Let us make a reservation in advance that the author deliberately placed this knot in the book, as an example to explain the principle of other marine knots.

A woman's knot... How much irony and disdain can be heard on the part of sailors towards this primitive and, unfortunately, firmly rooted knot in our life! What sailors shouldn't do is tie a woman's knot. The naval man, who unluckily tied this knot even on the shore, will surely be ridiculed by his colleagues: they say, a shame for the fleet! But, alas, among land people this knot is a station wagon. The vast majority of people who are not familiar with rigging, or those who, by their profession, do not deal with ropes, ropes, or threads, use a woman’s knot in all cases when they need to tie, tie or tie. It seems that people, having mastered this knot in childhood, believed in its utility so much that they don’t even want to hear about any other complex sea knots. But, nevertheless, seriously speaking, this traitor knot has done a lot of trouble in the entire history of mankind and even claimed a lot of human lives.

The Babi knot consists of two half-knots tied in series one above the other in the same direction. If he ties two ropes and pulls, then it is immediately clear that he begins to move along the rope, to slide along it. And if you tie it close to one of the connected ends of the rope, then when pulling it, it can slip and will certainly slip if the connected ropes are of different thicknesses. Unfortunately, not everyone knows about this and continues to use it.

In our country, this knot got its name due to the fact that from time immemorial women tied the ends of headscarves with it (it is very convenient for this purpose). Abroad, it is called "grandmother's", "stupid", "veal", "false", "salaga" knot.

But, oddly enough, the woman's knot is used in their work by sailors and fishermen of some countries. In addition to its negative qualities (to slip and not succumb to untying), they caught one of its positive properties - under certain conditions, it instantly turns into a simple bayonet (see Fig. 10) - into one of the simplest and most reliable marine knots for securing a mooring vessel on the shore for a fell, bollard or mooring bollard. But in order to tie a simple bayonet when mooring, you need to get off the ship ashore and do it directly at the fell or put the end on the shore so that those on the shore do it. But it turns out that a simple bayonet can be tied to a bollard without leaving the ship ashore. And this is done with the help of a woman's knot despised by sailors ... To do this, at the end of the cable, which they intend to bring ashore for fastening it with a simple bayonet around the fell, a loop is made, the running end of the cable is connected to the root end of the woman's knot, which is not fully tightened. From the side of the ship, this loop is thrown onto the fell. When jerking at the root of the mooring line, the woman's knot turns into a simple bayonet.

"Teschin" knot(Fig. 24). Surprising but true. Some people, by tying two ropes together, somehow manage to tie a so-called “mother-in-law” knot, somewhat reminiscent of a woman. If at the latter the running ends come out of the knot on one side, then at the mother-in-law's knot they come out from different sides diagonally.

The "mother-in-law" knot is as insidious as the woman's (if not more). It should never be used under any circumstances. The author placed it in the book in order to show how not to tie knots. However, from this dangerous knot, you can make a beautiful knot, called "grass" (see Fig. 31).

straight knot(Fig. 25). This wonderful knot is worthy of being told in more detail about it. Archaeological finds indicate that the Egyptians used it about five thousand years before our era. The ancient Greeks and Romans called it Nodus Hercules - the Hercules or Hercules knot, because the mythical hero Hercules tied the front paws of the skin of the lion he killed on his chest in this way. The Romans used a direct knot for stitching wounds and in the treatment of bone fractures. It consists of two half-knots, sequentially tied one above the other in different directions. This is the usual, easiest way to knit it (Fig. 25, A).

Sailors who have been using this knot since ancient times to tie cables use a different knitting method (Fig. 25, b). Weavers who use a straight knot to bind broken threads of yarn tie it in a special, convenient way for them (Fig. 25, V).

The author of the book takes the liberty of declaring that a gross mistake was made in interpreting the characteristics of the direct knot and in the recommendations for its use, published in all domestic publications without exception. It has not been corrected until now, they forgot about it and believed that this knot "reliably serves to bind two cables of approximately the same thickness" and that "it is very difficult to untie it if it is tightened."

This is what modern marine reference books and textbooks published in our country in recent years tell us about the direct knot. “A straight knot is used to tie two cables of approximately the same thickness. With strong tension and getting wet, the straight knot is tightened and it can be very difficult to untie it. Therefore, when tying thick cables with a direct knot, it is necessary to insert a “toggle” into the knot (Handbook of marine practice. M .: Voenizdat, 1969, p. 192). Almost the same is said about the straight knot in the atlas of V. V. Grigoriev and V. M. Gryaznov “Ship rigging” (M.: Traneport, 1975, p. 3): “A straight knot is used when tying cables of approximately the same thickness. With heavy loads on the tied cables, as well as when the cables get wet, the straight knot tightens strongly. To prevent over-tightening, a wooden insert is inserted into the loops of the knot.

The idea of ​​taking reefs with a direct knot will seem absurd to today's sailors. But it was with them, with a direct knot, that in the days of the sailing fleet they took reefs on ships with direct armament: with two reef seasons they tied the upper part of the straight sail panel to the reef leer. The reef knot (see Fig. 94) was used to take reefs on small vessels (yawls, longboats and yachts), picking up part of the sail along the luff, and tying it to the reef-shterns.

A few years ago, the author of these lines drew attention to the fact that in almost all marine dictionaries and textbooks on marine practice published in our country in the last century, the knot in question had two names - “straight”, and, as this is not strange, he is also “reef”. For example, let's look at the “Explanatory Marine Dictionary”, compiled by V.V. Bakhtin and published in St. Petersburg in 1894 (pp. 265-266): “A straight knot or reef knot (Reef Knot; Right Knot) is knitted from two ends . First, a simple knot is knitted, then the end, extended with the right hand, is passed to the left, and the other end, taken over the first, is threaded under it and fitted. From this it can be seen that the reef knot consists of two simple knots knitted one above the other. The corresponding ends of both simple knots must be on the same side of the whole knot, then only it is called straight; otherwise, a skew knot will come out.”

The Soviet Admiral K.S. Samoilov in his two-volume “Sea Dictionary” (M.-L.: Voenmorizdat, 1939-1941, p. 465) also gives the second name of this knot: “The straight knot (Reef Knot) is a knot that binds two ends for weak traction, since with strong traction (if the toggle is not placed in the middle of the knot), it is so tightened that it cannot be untied and will have to be cut.

Having made an excursion into the old and modern encyclopedias, reference books, dictionaries and textbooks on maritime affairs published abroad, the author can state the following.

In English, the straight knot was called and is still called “The Reef Knot” - the reef knot. This name was introduced into his marine dictionary by the English Admiral John Smith in 1627. The term "straight knot" (The Square Knot) was introduced into the English marine language by the American writer Richard Dana in 1841. He is known for the fact that, being a lawyer by profession, he was hired as a simple sailor on a merchant sailing ship, sailed for two years and after that he published an excellent book “Two Years as a Sailor” and compiled an excellent English explanatory marine dictionary. In addition to these two names, English-speaking sailors call the straight knot sailor's, correct, strong and ordinary. But the official and most common name for the knot, which we call the direct knot, is still “The Reef Knot” in English - a reef knot. Scandinavian sailors call it a reef knot: the Swedes - “Rabandsknop”, the Danes and Norwegians - “Raabandsknob”.

It turns out that in the days of the sailing fleet, a straight knot was used primarily not “for tying cables of approximately the same thickness”, but for taking reefs. Here is what is said about this in one of the best English marine sailing dictionaries - “Dictionary of Marine Terms”, compiled by A. Anetsd in 1897, which since then has been regularly reprinted every 5-7 years in Glasgow: “The most common knot for a bunch is a reef, or straight, node. It is applicable in many cases, as, for example, for tying the luff of a sail to a gaff, to a yard, etc., but it got its name (reef) due to the fact that reef seasons have always been knitted with this knot.

The exact and exhaustive formulation of the direct knot is given by Rene de Kershov in his International Marine Dictionary (New York, 1972): It was usually used to take the reefs of sails because of the ease with which it can be torn apart.

What we mean by the name "reef knot" (see fig. 94) in all marine manuals in English is called not just "The Reef Knol", but "The Slipped Reef Knot" (sliding reef knot) or "The Draw Knot" and "The Half Bow Knot". Rene ds Kershov writes about it this way: “The sliding reef knot - a knot similar to the usual reef knot, is untied even more easily. Also called The Half Bow Knot.”

How, then, is a straight knot untied, which, according to the characteristic unanimously accepted by our specialists, is tightened so that it cannot be untied and will have to be cut”? A straight knot, even wet and tightly tightened, is untied very simply, in 1-2 seconds. Tie a straight knot as shown in the top diagram of fig. 25, G. Take the ends in your left hand A And B, and to the right - the ends IN And G. Pull them strongly in different directions and tighten the knot as tight as possible. After that, take the root end in your left hand A(so that it does not slip out of the hand, make a couple of hoses around the palm). Take the running end in your right hand B(it can also be wound around the palm of your hand). Pull the ends sharply and strongly in different directions. Without releasing end A from your left hand, hold the rest of the knot in your fist with your right hand, holding it with your thumb and forefinger. root end A pull to the left side - the knot is untied. The whole secret lies in the fact that with a jerk of the ends A And B in different directions, the straight knot turns into two half-bayonets and completely loses all its properties. It will just as easily untie if you take the root end in your right hand. A and strongly pull the running end IN to the left. Only in this case the end A then you need to pull to the right, and the rest of the knot (half bayonets) - to the left. When untying a straight knot in this way, remember that if you pulled the running end to the right, pull the root to the left and vice versa.

When untying a straight knot, one should not forget that with what force it was tightened, it is necessary to pull one of its running ends with the same force. Even a wet straight knot tied on the thickest vegetable cable, which was under strong traction (without an inserted toggle), can always be untied by taking one of the running ends onto a capstan or winch. In any case, you do not need to cut the cable.

So, the reader now apparently agrees that the characterization of the direct knot, which has appeared for some unknown reason over the past seventy years in our country, is erroneous. Moreover, it is extremely important for our authors of manuals on marine practice and rigging to reconsider the interpretation of the very essence of the direct knot and the recommendations for its use.

Apparently, only in our country there is an unreasonably respectful attitude towards this knot. Sailors of other countries treat him more soberly and even with prejudice. For example, in no foreign manual on knots there is such a dangerous recommendation for a straight knot, which is contained in the “Handbook of Marine Practice” we mentioned: “A straight knot is used to tie two cables of approximately the same thickness.”

The Ashley Knot Book (New York, 1977), widely known abroad, says the following about a direct knot:

“Previously, this knot had a specific purpose in the navy - they tied reef seasons of sails when they took reefs. Previously, sailors had never used it to tie two ropes if the latter were of different thickness or dressing. It should not be used to connect two cables that will be subject to strong traction. This knot creeps and is dangerous when it gets wet. After tying the knot, each of its running ends must be grabbed with a line to the root end. Elsewhere in his book, Ashley writes: "This knot, used to tie two cables, claimed more lives than a dozen other knots combined."

Not very enthusiastic about the direct knot was the well-known American sea captain Felix Riesenberg, the author of one of the best textbooks for sailors in English: “Model Maritime Practice for Merchant Marines” (New York, 1922). He wrote: “The reef, or straight, knot, as its name indicates, was used for knitting reef seasons ... This knot is used in many cases, although it can never be reliable enough if its running ends are not tacked. It should not be used for tying ropes for traction. This is a good knot for wrapping things, bundles, etc.”.

Unfortunately, many compilers of various manuals and manuals for riggers, builders, firefighters, rock climbers and mine rescuers still recommend a straight knot for tying two cables. Try to tie two nylon cables of “approximately the same thickness” with a straight knot and you will immediately see that even with not very strong traction, this knot does not hold, and if you accidentally jerk at one of its running ends, it will surely lead to tragedy.

And, finally, finishing the reasoning about the direct knot, we note that here the most paradoxical thing is that the ancient Romans called it the “female knot”, because it was "herculean knot" young Roman women tied the sashes of their tunics on their wedding night. The young spouse had to untie this knot. And, according to legend, if he did it quickly, the bride was not threatened with infertility.

Rice. 25. Straight knot
A - the usual way of knitting; b - marine knitting method;
V - weaving method of knitting; G - maritime way of untying

Thieves knot(Fig. 26). At first glance, it almost does not differ from a direct knot (see Fig. 25) and it seems that it is akin to it. But if you look closely, it becomes clear that the running ends of the thieves' knot come out of it diagonally. The thieves' knot, as well as the women's and mother-in-law's knots, are shown for clarity, to emphasize their similarity and difference with the direct knot. The use of these four nodes is not recommended, as they are unreliable for tying two cables.

The origin of the name "thieves' knot" is curious. It appeared on English warships in the early 17th century. Theft of royal property and the theft of personal belongings of sailors on British ships were considered commonplace. In those years, the sailors of warships kept their simple belongings and food, mainly in the form of biscuits, in small canvas bags. The bag, of course, cannot be closed with a lock, it can only be tied. As a rule, sailors tied their personal bags with a straight knot. Thieves, mostly recruits who were not yet accustomed to the starvation of the ship's diet, having stolen other people's biscuits, could not properly tie the knot with which the bag was tied. They knitted something similar - a knot that the sailors began to call thieves. There is also a second version about the origin of this name: in order to prove the act of stealing from a bag, the owner deliberately tied a knot very similar to a straight one, and the thief, not paying attention to the trick, tied the robbed bag with a straight knot. But be that as it may, the origin of the knot, like its name, is connected with the fleet.

Rice. 26. Thief's knot

Surgical node(Fig. 27). As already mentioned at the beginning of this book, knots have long been used for various purposes, not only in maritime affairs, but also in medicine. They are still used by surgeons to tie threads of ligatures to stop bleeding and to stitch tissues and skin together. Nowadays, medicine has not yet abandoned the use of knots, and doctors skillfully use them. During abdominal operations, surgeons have to suture catgut (a special material obtained from the mucous layer of the intestines of a ram or sheep), which resolves after 3-4 weeks. When tying, the catgut slips, and, making knots on it, surgeons use special clamps.

During microsurgical operations, doctors use extremely thin suture material - a synthetic thread 10-200 times thinner than a human hair. It is possible to tie such a thread only with the help of special clamps under an operating microscope. These threads are used in the suturing of the walls of blood vessels, for example, in the replantation of fingers, in the suturing of individual nerve fibers. Basically, women's, straight, bleached, surgical knots and the so-called “constrictor” knot, which will be discussed later, are used.

When tying a surgical knot, first two half-knots are made one after the other with two ends, which are then pulled in different directions. Then they tie from above, but in the other direction, another half-knot. The result is a knot very similar to a straight knot. The principle of the knot is that the first two half-knots do not allow the two ends to disperse in different directions while another half-knot is knitted on top.

It is convenient to use this knot when there is a need to pull off and tie some elastic bale or load with a rope, and the tightened first half of the knot on the rope, without releasing its ends with your hands, you have to press it with your knee.

academic node(Fig. 28). It is very similar to the surgical knot, differing only in that instead of one second half-knot, it has two of them. It differs from its, if I may say, progenitor - a direct knot in that the running end of the cable is wrapped around the running end of another cable twice, after which the running ends lead towards each other and again run around them twice. In other words, there are two half-knots at the bottom and two half-knots at the top, but tied in the opposite direction. This gives the academic knot the advantage that when the cable is heavily loaded, it does not tighten as much as a straight knot and is easier to untie in the conventional way.

Rice. 28. Academic knot

flat knot(Fig. 29). The name "flat knot" came into our maritime language from French. It was introduced for the first time in his Dictionary of Marine Terms by the famous French shipbuilder Daniel Lascals in 1783. But the knot was, of course, known to sailors of all countries long before that. What it was called before, we do not know. It has long been considered one of the most reliable knots for tying cables of different thicknesses. They even tied anchor hemp ropes and mooring lines.

Having eight weaves, the flat knot never tightens too much, does not creep and does not spoil the cable, since it does not have sharp bends, and the load on the cables is evenly distributed over the knot. After removing the load on the cable, this knot is easy to untie.

The principle of a flat knot lies in its shape: it is really flat, and this makes it possible to choose the cables connected by it on the drums of capstans and windlasses, on the backs of which its shape does not disturb the smooth overlap of subsequent hoses.

In marine practice, there are two options for knitting this knot: a loose knot with tacking of its free running ends to the root or half-bayonets at their ends (Fig. 29. a) and without such a tack, when the knot is tightened (Fig. 29. b). A flat knot tied in the first way (in this form it is called “ josephine's knot”), on two cables of different thicknesses, almost does not change its shape even with very high traction and is easily untied when the load is removed. The second knitting method is used for tying thinner than anchor ropes and mooring lines, cables, with the same or almost the same thickness. At the same time, it is recommended to first tighten the tied flat knot with your hands so that it does not twist with a sharp pull. After that, when a load is given to the connected cable, the knot crawls and twists for some time, but, having stopped, it holds firmly. It is untied without much effort by shifting the loops covering the root ends.

As already mentioned, a flat knot has eight interlacing cables and it would seem that it can be tied in different ways - there are 2 8 = 256 different options for tying it. But practice shows that not every knot from this number, tied according to the principle of a flat knot (alternating intersection of opposite ends “under and over”), will hold securely. Ninety percent of them are unreliable, and some are even dangerous for tying cables designed for strong traction. Its principle depends on changing the sequence of intersection of the connected cables in a flat knot, and it is enough to slightly change this sequence, as the knot gets other - negative qualities.

In many textbooks and reference books on maritime practice published in our country and abroad, the flat knot is depicted in different ways and in most cases incorrectly. This happens both due to the negligence of the authors, and due to the fault of the graphs, which, redrawing the knot scheme from the author's sketches in one color, cannot always make out whether the end passes over or under the other end. Here is given, one of the best forms of a flat knot, tested and tested by practice. Other valid variants of this node are deliberately not given by the author so as not to scatter the reader's attention and not give him the opportunity to confuse the scheme of this node with any other. Before putting this knot into practice for any responsible business, you must first remember exactly its scheme and tie the cables exactly along it without any, even the most insignificant deviations. Only in this case, the flat knot will serve you faithfully and will not let you down.

This marine knot is indispensable for tying two cables (even steel ones, on which a significant effort will be applied, for example, when pulling a heavy truck stuck in mud on half a wheel with a tractor).

Rice. 29. Flat Knot:
a - the first knitting method: b - the second knitting method

dagger knot(Fig. 30). In foreign rigging practice, this knot is considered one of the best knots for tying two large-diameter plant cables. It is not very complicated in its scheme and is quite compact when tightened.

It is most convenient to tie it if you first lay the running end of the cable in the form of the number “8” on top of the root end. After that, thread the elongated running end of the second cable into the loops, passing under the middle intersection of the figure eight, and bring it out over the second intersection of the first cable. Next, the running end of the second cable must be passed under the root end of the first cable and inserted into the figure-eight loop, as indicated by the arrow in the diagram in Fig. 30. When the knot is tightened. two running ends of both cables stick out in different directions. The dagger knot is easy to untie if one of the extreme loops is loosened.

Rice. 30. Dagger knot

"Herbal" knot(Fig. 31). Despite its name, this elementary assembly is quite reliable and can withstand heavy loads. In addition, it is easily untied in the absence of traction. The principle of the knot is half-bayonets with other people's ends (Fig. 31, and). Sometimes we have to tie two straps or two ribbons, let's say the reins. For this purpose, the “herbal” knot is very convenient (Fig. 31, b). It can be tied by changing the knot a little bit (see fig. 24) or by starting with half bayonets, as shown in the diagram (see fig. 31, A). When tightening the “grass” knot by the root ends, the knot twists and takes a different shape. When it is finally tightened, the two running ends look in the same direction.

Rice. 31. "Herbal" knot:
a - the first knitting method; b - the second way of knitting

Packet node(Fig. 32). Its name speaks , that it is convenient for tying packages and bundles. It is simple, original and designed for quick knitting. The packet knot is somewhat reminiscent of a herbal knot. In terms of strength, it is not inferior to the latter.

Fisherman's knot(Fig. 33). In Russia, this knot has long had three names - forest, fishing and English. In England it is called English, in America it is called a river or water knot.

It is a combination of two simple knots tied with running ends around other people's root ends. To tie two cables with a fishing knot, you need to put them towards each other and make a simple knot at one end, and pass the other end through its loop and around the root end of the other cable and also tie a simple knot. Then you need to move both loops towards each other so that they come together and tighten the knot. The fishing knot, despite its simplicity, can be fearlessly used to tie two cables of approximately the same thickness. With strong traction, it is so tightly tightened that it is almost impossible to untie it. It is widely used by anglers for tying fishing line (not synthetic) and for attaching leashes to the fishing line.

snake knot(Fig. 34). This knot is considered one of the most reliable knots for tying synthetic fishing tackle. It has quite a lot of weaves, is symmetrical and relatively compact when tightened. With a certain skill, they can even tie the strings of the piano. To do this, the place of the string bundle must be carefully degreased and covered with shellac.

The snake knot can be successfully used to tie two cables made of any material when a strong, reliable connection is required.

weaving knot(Fig. 35). In weaving, there are about two dozen original knots for tying a broken thread of yarn and for connecting new coils. The main requirements imposed by the specifics of production on each weaving knot are the speed with which it can be tied, and the compactness of the knot, which ensures the free passage of the thread through the machine. Experienced weavers are truly virtuosos in knitting their ingenious knots! They tie a broken thread in just a second. They have to do it without stopping the machine. Almost all weaving knots are designed primarily for instant tying, so that in the event of a thread break, the looms will continue to run smoothly.

Some of the weaving knots are very similar to sea knots, but differ from the latter in the way they are tied. Several weaving knots have long been borrowed by sailors in their original form and serve them reliably.

The weaving knot shown in fig. 35, can be called the "sibling" of the clew. The only difference is in the way it is tied and in the fact that the latter is tied into a krengels or sail fire, while the weaving knot is knitted with two cables. The principle of the weaving knot is considered classical. Truly this is the embodiment of reliability and simplicity.

Versatile knot(fig. 36). This knot is similar to weaving in its principle. The only difference is that in a knotted knot, the running ends look in different directions - this is very important when tying yarn threads. It is not inferior to a weaving knot in terms of simplicity or strength and is just as quickly tied. This knot is also known for the fact that on its basis it is possible to tie the “king of knots” - the gazebo knot (see Fig. 76).

Rice. 36. Versatile knot

Polish knot(Fig. 37). It can be recommended for tying thin cables. It is widely used in weaving and is considered a reliable knot.

Rice. 37. Polish knot

clew knot(Fig. 38). It got its name from the word “sheet - a tackle that is controlled by a sail, stretching it by one lower corner, if it is oblique, and simultaneously by two, if it is straight and suspended from the yard. Sheets are named after the sail they are attached to. For example, the fore-sheet and the main-sheet are tackles with which the lower sails are set - the fore and main, respectively. Mars-sheets serve to set the topsails, jib-sheets pull back the clew of the jib, and the fore-staysail-sheets pull back the clew of the fore staysail, etc. In the sailing fleet, this knot was used when it was necessary to tie the tackle into the fire sails in the middle, such as mars-foxle-sheet.

The clew knot is simple and very easy to untie, but it fully justifies its purpose - it securely holds the sheet in the crank of the sail. Strongly tightening, it does not spoil the cable.

The principle of this knot is that the thin running end passes under the main end and, when pulled, is pressed against it in a loop formed by a thicker cable. When using a clew knot, you should always remember that it holds securely only when traction is applied to the cable. This knot is knitted in almost the same way as a straight one, but its running end is passed not next to the main one, but under it.

A clew knot is best used for attaching a cable to a finished loop, krengels or thimble. It is not recommended to use a clew knot on a synthetic rope, as it slips and can spill out of the loop. For greater reliability, the clew knot is knitted with a hose. In this case, it looks like a bram-sheet knot; the difference is that his hose is made higher than the loop on the root of the cable around the splash. The clew knot is an integral element of some types of braided fishing nets.

Rice. 38. clew knot

Bram-sheet knot(Fig. 39). Just like the clew knot, it got its name from the name of the tackle - the bram-sheet, which stretches the clew angles of the lower edge of the straight sail when setting the bramsails. If single sheets of the lower sails are tied with a clew knot, then bram-sheets and bom-bram-sheets, bram-halyards and bom-bram-halyards, as well as bram-gits are knitted with a clew knot.

The brahm-sheet knot is more reliable than the clew knot, because it does not immediately untie when the pull on the cable stops. It differs from the clew knot in that the loop (or krengels) is surrounded by the running end not once, but twice, and also passed under the root end twice.

In the days of the sailing fleet, the bram-sheet knot was widely used when working with gear. It was used when it was necessary to take some tackle with the end into the fire, for example, bram-sheets and bram-gits. Usually they were used to tie bram-gintsy into bram-fal and gintsy into topenant of the lower yards.

Bram-sheet knot is also reliable for tying two cables of different thickness. It holds well on synthetic cables of equal thickness.

docker node(Fig. 40). In marine practice, it often becomes necessary to attach a much thinner cable compared to it to a thick rope. Such a need always exists during the mooring of the vessel to the berth, when one or several mooring lines must be supplied from the deck. There are several ways to attach the throwing line to a mooring line that does not have fire, but the most common of them is the use of a docker knot.

To tie this knot, the running end of the thick cable to which you intend to attach the thin cable must be folded in half. Insert a thin cable into the loop formed from below, make one run around the root of the thick cable, pass it under the thin cable, then over the running end of the thick cable and, passing under three cables, insert it into the loop. The docker knot is reliable enough to pull out (or lift onto the deck from the shore) a heavy mooring line with a throwing end, and quickly unties. It is best used as a temporary knot.

Rice. 40. Docker node (lower right - another version of the node)

furrier knot(Fig. 41). It seems strange that this wonderful knot, long known to furriers, has so far gone unnoticed by sailors. His scheme speaks for itself. It is relatively simple, has enough crossed ends and is compact (Fig. 41, A). In addition, the furrier knot has an excellent property: designed for strong traction, it is tightly tightened, but also untied without much difficulty. This knot can be successfully used for tying synthetic cables and fishing lines. On fig. 41, b the second way of its knitting is shown.

Rice. 41. Furrier knot:
a - the first knitting method; b - second knitting method

creeper knot(Fig. 42). This knot, although not widely used in the Navy, is one of the original and reliable knots for tying cables. It is unique in that, with a very simple interlacing of each end separately, it holds tightly with very strong traction and, moreover, it is very easy to untie after removing the load on the cable - just move any of the loops along the corresponding root end and the knot immediately crumbles. It does not slip on synthetic fishing line and can be successfully used by anglers.

Rice. 42. Liane knot

hunting knot(Fig. 43). The invention of a new knot by the English retired doctor Edward Hunter in 1979 caused a kind of sensation in the maritime circles of many countries. British patent experts, granting Huntsr a patent for his invention, admitted that the knot was indeed new. Moreover, it holds perfectly on all cables, including the thinnest synthetic lines.

In essence, the hunting knot is a successful interlacing of two simple knots tied at the ends of the cables. Dr. Hunter did not pursue the goal of inventing a new knot, but tied it quite by accident.

Since the name Hunter means "hunter" in English, this knot is named here hunting.

Rice. 43. Hunting knot

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Everything happens in life. Let's say you need to climb a small height, tie down a load, or pull a car out of a hole. In such cases, a properly tied rope is indispensable, so the ability to knit reliable knots is an extremely useful skill.

website decided to help you master the 8 most simple and useful knots that will come in handy in any situation.

Tight knot

How to do. We take the edge of the rope and fold it with the letter "Z". With the short end, we make 3-4 turns around the rope and thread it into the lower loop. We tighten the rope with the help of the upper, working loop.

Where to apply. Such a knot is convenient to attach to various objects. For example, to raise or lower objects with a narrow neck.

Pole tying

How to do. To begin with, we make a regular knot on one of the slats. Then we apply the second to it and make 5-8 turns around. With the remaining end we tighten the harness, threading it between the poles.

Where to apply. Such bindings are quite strong and can be used to make one long pole, repair a fracture, or simply tie two or more sticks together.

Node "Constrictor"

How to do. Make a loop in the center of the rope. Then we turn one of the sides over so that the rope is in the shape of a figure eight. Now we take the center of this figure eight (the intersection) and simply fold the loops into a finished knot.

Where to apply. The peculiarity of this knot is that after tightening it in the opposite direction, it will not untie itself. The Constrictor is great for tightening bags, pinching a leaking rubber hose, tightening a rolled carpet, you can even use it as a tourniquet.

Node "Ladder"

How to do. In the left hand we take the end of the rope. With the right hand, with a reverse grip, turn the loop over and fix the rope in the left hand. We repeat the same with the remaining rope. Then we thread the end of the rope (which dangles from below) into the loop, grab it, throwing the rest. Now the entire rope is in knots, the gap of which is equal to the size of the loop.

Where to apply. Such a rope can be used when descending, climbing to a height, or to pull the car out of the pit.

"Barrel" knot

How to do. We put the item on the rope and tie it with the most common knot with which we tie the shoelaces. Then we stretch the loop of the knot onto the walls of the object and tighten it.

Where to apply. Such a knot is often used to lift heavy round objects. In addition, they are convenient to lift several items at once. Or use instead of a handle for buckets, cans, barrels.

Knot "Prusik"

How to do. We take the edge of the loop from a thin rope and make 3-4 turns around the main rope, while passing the end through the loop. Without load, this knot slides perfectly along the rope and can be easily moved by hand. But if a load is applied to the knot, then it is tightened tightly and will not budge.

Where to apply. With the help of such knots, you can easily climb the rope to any height or hang any object.

Node "Handle"

How to do. Take two ropes and cross them (red over blue) to form a half knot. Cross them again (red over blue) and tighten both ends to form a straight knot.

Where to apply. One of the easiest knots to tie two ropes together. Can be used if you need to temporarily tie something up for light loads. With heavy loads on the tied cables and when they get wet, the straight knot is strongly tightened. But untying it is very easy.

How to tie knots. 38 reliable tested knots

The year of publishing: 1995

Publisher: Moscow. The science. Fizmatlit

Material type: book

Moscow. The science. Fizmatlit. 1995

(scanning: Andrey Dementiev, processing: Viktor Evlyukhin)

Introduction

The knot is one of the oldest inventions of mankind. Since ancient times, a person cannot do without ropes and the ability to knit knots. But is it really so important in our time to know how to tie knots, because metal and synthetics provide us with a reliable fastening of a wide variety of objects? It turns out it's important. In our life, we need to be able to tie knots in shoes, tie piles of books, tie bags, tie things to the trunk of a car, pull and securely tie ropes, securely tie hooks to fishing line. But the vast majority of people have a very primitive idea of ​​\u200b\u200bhow to tie knots.

In this little book, you will find 38 knots that can be useful in a variety of situations. All these knots have been carefully tested, tying schemes and explanations for the schemes are given for them, areas of application, existing limitations and shortcomings are indicated. If you want to learn more about knots, then I advise you to refer to the wonderful book by L.K. Skryagin "Sea knots" (Moscow, Transport, 1982).

Learning knots takes time and patience. Take a thin soft rope and sit down with it and a book at the table. Start studying the pattern, moving from the root end of the rope to its running end, and then tie a knot with the rope exactly according to the pattern. The running end of the rope is its loose free end, which moves when the knot is tied, while the root end of the rope is either fixed motionless or remains motionless when the knot is tied. In the book, the running and root ends are indicated as follows:

After you understand the pattern, tie the knot several times, choosing the method of tying that is most convenient for you. After all, different people tie the same knot in different ways.

Inexperienced people surprisingly easily forget the way to tie a knot. Therefore, if you want to constantly use a knot, then you need to tie it many times, bringing the tying process to full automatism. And then you need to periodically repeat the tying training again.

Of the 38 knots, the reader will choose the ones he needs. But everyone should know the simplest knots, for example, any reader should master the woman and reef (straight) knots and clearly understand the difference between them.

A few words about node names. Only some of the nodes have established names. If you look, for example, in English literature, you can find out that the same node can have different names. Often the name of the knot changes depending on the way it is tied. Therefore, some of the names adopted in the book are to some extent conditional, for example, the name "grinner" knot is not a translation from English, but conveys the sound of the English word.

At the end of the book you will find general recommendations. But you should always remember about one recommendation. If you need to use a rope or fishing line of an unknown material, then test the knot that you want to use on it. After all, the properties of knots change even for a rope (fishing line) with the same material, but with different thicknesses.

And once again we recall that only numerous trainings and repetitions lead to the successful use of knots.

simple knot

This is the most famous knot, the knotting scheme of which is shown in figures 1 and 2. After tightening on the rope, a small knot is obtained that is difficult to untie. A simple knot strongly bends the rope, so its strength is significantly reduced. If you have accidentally formed a simple knot on your fishing line, then you should remove it and tie the fishing line with another knot (for example, a snake knot, see p. 24).

In everyday life, a simple knot can be used as a stop knot so that the rope does not slip out of the hole. It is also used at the end of the thread so that it does not slip out of the fabric, and also to prevent the end of the rope from unwinding.

With a simple knot, you can very easily and quickly tie two ropes (Fig. 3), but then the knot is difficult to untie. In addition, at the junction, the rope weakens. Do not use a simple knot to tie synthetic ropes and fishing lines, he crawls on them.

Eight

The scheme for tying a figure eight is quite simple (Figures 1 and 2). Unlike a simple knot, it does not weaken the rope much and is relatively easy to untie. This node is used as a stop node and as an element of other nodes.

blood knot

The name of the node has a long origin. It was tied at the end of whips, which in the past were used to punish the sailors of the navy.

To tie a bloody knot, make a loop, wrap the running end several times around the root end (Figures 1 and 2), and then tighten the knot. It turns out a neat knot, which as a result thickens the rope and is used as a stopper knot. The bloody knot is included as an integral element in a number of other knots.

Babi knot

This node is known and used by almost everyone. Encircle the running end of the right rope around the running end of the left rope (fig. 1), then repeat this operation (fig. 2) and, finally, tighten the resulting knot (fig. 3). This is how many people tie knots.

This knot can be used on coarse ropes with high friction. Since ancient times, women have tied the ends of headscarves with this knot.

However, it must be remembered that this is an unreliable knot; when the ropes are pulled, this knot slides easily. That is why sailors treat the woman's knot with disdain.

However, this knot can also be made strong. First, tie a simple knot or figure eight at the running ends of the ropes, and then tie the ropes with a woman's knot. This knot will not untie.

Reef (straight) knot

Look at the scheme for tying this knot (Figures 1, 2, 3). At first glance, it seems that we again get a woman's knot. However, look closely at figures 2 and 3 and you will see the difference. It would seem that such a small change allows you to get a completely different, much stronger than a woman, straight knot.

However, it is necessary to point out the disadvantages of the direct node. With a lot of tension on the tied ropes, especially when they get wet, it tightens up a lot. A straight knot is not very reliable on synthetic ropes, and when you jerk one of the running ends towards the root end, it is easily untied.

If you want to be sure of the strength of a straight knot, then tie, as in the case of a woman's knot, a simple knot or figure eight at the running ends.

Surgical node

The natural development of a direct knot with the aim of strengthening it is an increase in the number of runs with running ends. This results in a more durable surgical knot compared to a direct one. In this case, you need to follow the direction of the drifts.

On fig. 1 run-outs are made against the direction of movement of the clock hand, if viewed from the root of the left rope, and in Fig. 2 run-outs are made clockwise, if viewed in the same direction. If we do not change the direction of the run-outs in Figures 1 and 2, then we will get an improved woman's knot, not as strong as the surgical one.

It is easier to tie a surgical knot than a straight one if the rope is under tension, since after the completion of the indicated in fig. 1, the running ends do not slip, and the actions indicated in fig. 2.

Quick release reef knot

In essence, this is the same reef knot (see p. 9), one of the running ends of which is folded in half. When jerking at the end of the folded running end, the knot is instantly untied. This knot is widely used in everyday life, it is often called a knot with one bow. However, we must remember that it is not very reliable.

Pay attention to the technique of doubling the running end (see pictures). With this technique, a number of knots can be made quickly untied.

A reef knot can be used to tie a rope to an object (for example, a pole). The reader can easily do this if he understands the diagrams in Figures 1 - 3.

double reef knot

Here, unlike the previous node, in the second series of revolutions, both running ends are folded in half (Fig. 2). Double reef is also instantly untied if you pull on one running end (Fig. 3). It is widely used for tying shoelaces, ropes, bows, bundles, boxes. However, it is not always reliable, so it is better not to use it in serious situations.

weaving knot

If you want to securely tie two ropes, even if they differ in thickness, then use a weaving knot (see pictures). This is a classic knot that is easily untied by sliding the loop of the left rope along the root of the right rope. However, it slips on the line, so the weaving knot cannot be used to tie the line.

water node

Fold the two ropes with the running ends towards each other and begin to tie a simple knot (see p. 6). However, do not make one turn, but two (see picture). After tightening, a very strong knot is obtained, even if the ropes have different diameters. This knot is very difficult to untie, so it is used to permanently connect ropes. Unfortunately, when tying this knot through the loop, you have to pull the short running end of one rope and the long root end of the other rope, so tying long ropes with them is inconvenient.

This knot is widely used by fishermen to attach the leash to the main line. If you want to strengthen the fastening, then increase the number of revolutions from two to four. An important feature of the water knot: it practically does not weaken the fishing line and binds fishing lines of different diameters well.

Simple half bayonet

A simple half bayonet is a widely used knot. Its scheme (see pictures) is simple. By itself, this knot is fragile, but it enters as an element in many knots.

simple bayonet

A simple bayonet consists of two identical half bayonets (Fig. 1). Pay attention to the fact that the direction of the run-out in both half-bayonets is preserved (in Fig. 1, the running end is carried out against the direction of the clock hand, when viewed from the root), since then a stronger knot is obtained. It does not make sense to use more than three half-bayonets, since more half-bayonets usually do not strengthen the knot. A simple bayonet is used very often, for example, for securing cargo to the trunk of a car. If the running end in a simple bayonet is attached to the root end (Fig. 2), then such a knot is not tightened. Then it can be used in the presence of strong traction, for example, for attaching anchors.

cow knot

Reliable widely used knot (Fig. 1). If you need to properly tighten the rope, then such a knot is great for doing this. It usually holds traction well. But if you want to be completely sure of the strength of the cow knot, then add a half-bayonet (Fig. 2). The cow knot is indispensable for motorists: when tying things to the trunk, this knot with a half-bayonet securely completes the fastening process. True, a cow knot wet in the rain is not always easy to untie. To prevent this from happening, when tying the half-bayonet, fold the running end in half (Fig. 3). Such a knot is reliable and easily and quickly untied in any conditions.

vyblenochny knot

One of the well-known knots. There are two ways to tie it. The first way is shown in Fig.1.

In the second method, two loops are formed (Fig. 2), after which the right loop is inserted behind the left loop and both loops are put on the object. Then the vyblenochny knot is tightened. This is how anglers sometimes attach the float, after wetting the fishing line. It must be remembered that the faded knot is reliable only with a constant pull of the rope.

Constrictor

The constrictor is one of the most tightly tightened knots. It is quite difficult to untie. Therefore, often the constrictor is used once. The scheme for setting the constrictor is easy to understand as follows (see figure). Start tying a knotted knot, then pass the running end on the right under the right loop and tighten the resulting knot.

The constrictor can be made a quickly untied knot by bringing a double-folded running end under the loops.

Remember that after tightening the constrictor, both the running and root ends of the rope run perpendicular to the axis of the object to which the rope is attached.

double constrictor

This knot is more complicated than the single constrictor described, it tightens even more. Using a single or double constrictor, you can tie a bag very tightly, tighten a rubber hose, tighten a rolled carpet, apply a tourniquet to a wounded hand.

Python knot

A reliable and durable knot, somewhat reminiscent of a constrictor. However, after tightening it, the running and root ends are parallel to the axis of the object being tied, while in the constrictor it is perpendicular.

A python knot can be used to tie hooks to a fishing line, although it is better to use more reliable knots for this purpose (see pp. 23, 26).

blind loop

Let a fixed (non-tightening) loop be tied at the end of the rope (see, for example, p. 20). Then, with the help of this loop, a so-called blind loop can be formed.

Anglers use a blind loop to quickly tie a lure. To do this, you need to bring a fixed loop into the eye of the spinner and stretch its front part to the side of the spinner closest to us (Fig. 1). Then the front part must be lowered down (pictures 2 and 3). Such a loop is easily untied in reverse order.

It is sometimes referred to as a tag loop, as it is used to tie and hold items with a hole.

Gazebo (booline) knot

The arbor knot shown in the picture is the famous classic knot, known to the Egyptians and Phoenicians as far back as 3000 BC. In English literature, he is sometimes referred to as the king of knots. The arbor knot is easy to tie, does not damage the ropes, does not slip and, if necessary, is easily untied. Its only drawback is that it weakens the line somewhat. However, some anglers use it to tie a fixed (non-tightening) loop.

The gazebo is indispensable for motorists when towing or pulling a car out of a ditch. Motorists can use it to tie things to the trunk in the following way. First, tie a small loop at one end of the rope using a bow knot. Then wrap this loop around the trunk rod and thread the other end of the rope through it. So it turns out a reliable fastening of the rope to the trunk, which is then easily untied. Finish tying things to the trunk with a cow knot (see p. 15).

simple loop

This is the simplest of the non-tightening loops: fold the running end of the rope in half, as shown in the figure, and tie it with a simple knot. A simple loop can also be used on synthetic rope, it is strong and does not change its size. However, it greatly weakens the rope. If you try to use it on a fishing line, then the line, even with a relatively small tension, will break at the knot of a simple loop. Therefore, anglers should use the fishing loop. In addition, it should be remembered that a simple loop is very difficult to untie.

fishing loop

Fold in half the running end of the fishing line and begin to tie a simple knot. However, do not make one turn, but two (see figure). In this way, a very strong, non-dimensionally changing loop is tied. This loop is very difficult to untie, so it is usually used by anglers to tie a permanent loop at the end of the fishing line. A loop with two turns still weakens the line somewhat. If you want to avoid this loosening, then do more turns (four or five).

English loop (fisherman's fire)

The English loop can be tied both at the end and in the middle of the rope. When tightening, you need to bring the resulting nodes together.

This loop can be used on a fishing line, but it is not as reliable as a fishing loop and weakens the line somewhat.

Simple running knot

With the help of a simple running knot, a tightening loop is formed. To do this, make a loop and pull the root of the rope through it (Fig. 1). The resulting loop (Fig. 2) is tightened by pulling on the root part. A knot can be tied anywhere on the rope. With it, you can tighten the bag or tie a rope to an object.

Untying simple running knot

A simple running knot can be turned into a quick knot. To do this, you need to fold the running end in half and insert it into the resulting loop (Fig. 1). The resulting loop is tightened by pulling on the root end of the rope. It is easily untied by pulling on the running end. This is a very common knot, they can be tied, for example, to a boat. To prevent the knot from accidentally untying, insert the running end into the loop (Fig. 2). This knot creeps on the fishing line, so it cannot be used.

knot grinner

One of the most suitable knots in case you need to firmly tie a rope or fishing line to an object. The scheme for tying this knot is clear from the figure. Anglers often tie a lure to a fishing line with this knot. They can also tie a hook with an eye to the fishing line. With this knot, you can securely tie the fishing line to the spinning reel. The grinner knot is very difficult to untie.

Improved Grab Knot

A simple, strong knot for tying a rope or fishing line to an object. The scheme for tying this knot is clear from the figure. To tie the fishing line, it is necessary, as shown in the figure, to pass the running end through a large loop, otherwise the knot will turn out to be fragile. Anglers use this knot for tying spinners and for tying fishing line to a spinning reel. An improved gripping knot is very difficult to untie. Since it practically does not weaken the fishing line, it can be used to tie a hook with an eye to the fishing line.

Palomar Knot

This secure knot can be used to tie eye hooks or lures to any type of line. From the picture you can see that it is tied easily. This knot is convenient for tying fishing line to a spinning reel.

snake knot

One of the best knots for tying lines of the same diameter. The scheme for tying it is clear from figures 1 and 2. After tightening, a symmetrical compact knot is obtained.

It can also be used to tie ropes, however, it must be remembered that the snake knot is untied with difficulty.

Do not use this knot to tie lines of different diameters, such a connection is unreliable.

Albright knot

A good reliable knot for tying lines of different and the same diameter. When winding a thin fishing line on the folded running end of a thick fishing line, make sure that the turns do not intersect and lie neatly against each other. Albright knot
untied with difficulty.

Double grinner knot

To securely tie two lines of different or the same diameter, use a double grinner knot. First tie the grinner with the right line on the left line (fig. 1), then tie the grinner with the left line on the right line (fig. 2). Tighten the resulting knots and bring them together.

Step knot

A strong knot for tying a hook without an eye to a fishing line. However, often anglers simplify this knot by not making the first two turns shown in the figure around the hook. This option of tying the hook is also quite reliable.

Knot

A widely used reliable knot for tying a hook without an eye to a fishing line. You can also use it for a hook with an eye, then before tying a knot, you need to pass the running end of the fishing line through the eye. This knot is widely used by fishermen at sea.

Leash with figure eight

A reliable way to attach the leash to the main line. First form a figure eight on the main line. Then pass the leash through the figure eight and tie it to the main fishing line and tighten the figure eight. Strictly follow the pattern shown in the figure, then the tied leash will deviate from the main fishing line.

Improved stop knot

A good locking knot to stop the float on long casts. Attach a needle to the main line and wind the locking line around the main line and the needle according to the pattern shown in the figure. Then, insert the end of the locking line into the eye of the needle and pull the needle out of the locking line towards the point of the needle. Remove the needle and pull the knot tightly over the ends of the locking line. After that, cut off the excess ends.

Noose with half bayonets

A noose with half bayonets is used to lift and move logs and other cylindrical objects. The method of tying a noose without half bayonets is shown in fig. 1 and 2, with half bayonets - in fig. 3. This knot is used by lumberjacks, so it is also called a log knot.

The noose with half bayonets is a strong and reliable knot that is tightly tightened, and after use it is easily untied. First, two half-bayonets are made, shown on the left side of fig. 3, and then they tie a noose, which must be tied a little away from the middle of the log. Before moving, the slack between the half bayonets and the garrote must be taken up. The location of the half-bayonets is also important, they should be on the side of the noose in which the thrust is directed. Lifting heavy objects with a noose without half bayonets is dangerous.

eskimo loop

When pulling the bowstring, it is required to change the size of the loop; for this purpose, the Eskimo loop is used. First, a loop is tied (Fig. 1), resembling a simple running knot (see p. 21). However, unlike a simple running knot, here, when the loop size changes, the running end of the rope moves, and not the root end. Next, the bowstring is pulled with the running end and a half bayonet is tied with it (Fig. 2). The Eskimo noose can be used in a variety of situations to pull the rope.

Fishing bayonet (anchor knot)

Tying a knot to an anchor is one of the most important operations in maritime affairs. The knot shown in Figures 1 and 2 has been tested by marine practice, it is recognized by sailors as the most reliable knot for attaching a rope to an anchor.

The fishing bayonet (anchor knot) is very similar to a simple bayonet (see p. 14). When using it, you need to attach the running end to the root end. Then the fishing bayonet is not tightened and holds firmly even with very strong traction.

Knot of success

In Japan, this knot symbolizes success. Fold the rope on the table according to the pattern shown in the figure. Then begin to slowly pull the rope in the directions indicated by the arrows. Make sure that the running end, which will turn down, does not slip out of the loop. Gently help tighten the knot with both hands. The result is an original knot, forming a cross on one side, and a square on the other.

1. Many knots can be made quickly untied if the running end is folded in half at the end of the knot.
2. Many knots can be made more reliable by tying either a simple knot or a figure eight at the running end, which prevent the running end from slipping out.
3. In new conditions or in the case of using a rope (fishing line) from an unfamiliar material, the knot should be carefully tested before use.
4. Good knots look neat and tidy.
5. The more turns a node has, the more reliable it is.
6. If the knot looks doubtful, then it needs to be tied up, and cut out on a fishing line.
7. Knots must be tightened slowly and carefully, sharp jerks weaken the knots.
8. The knots on the fishing line must be moistened before tightening.
9. The ends of the knots on the fishing line should be carefully trimmed. Do not use a dull knife or fire to loosen the knot.
10. Constantly practice tying knots. The results of training will affect when the knot needs to be applied in a real situation.