The longest bridge in China - dimensions and photos. The world's longest sea bridge has opened in China. He is handsome and chic, but he has already been criticized. However, some strange operational nuances are associated with this handsome man. For example, they can ride on it from

Finally, China froze on the eve of the official opening of the longest sea bridge in the world. This truly gigantic structure with a length of 55 km made it possible to connect the three most important cities of the country - Hong Kong, Zhuhai and Macau. President Xi Jinping, who initiated the creation of this grandiose and significant transport artery, is also expected to attend the opening ceremony of such a large-scale project. But this is far from the first such ambitious creation of a great country that plunged the whole world into shock and admiration at the same time.

It has already happened that when it comes to the most large-scale and amazing super achievements in any industry, whether it be science, technology, art or high technology, the Celestial Empire always strives to take its honorable first place. Bridge construction is no exception. After all, all the longest, highest, most-most ... were created by Chinese engineers and builders in order not only to make life easier for themselves, but also to amaze the whole world with records.

In this review, we have collected their most famous creations, which surprise with their grandeur and eccentricity.

1. The longest sea bridge in the world connects Hong Kong, Zhuhai and Macau

It's done! Finally, the official opening ceremony of the most incredible marine engineering structure to date, which connects three metropolitan areas on the shores of the South China Sea, will take place.

This grandiose project includes the world's longest underwater tunnel, three artificially created islands and the bridge itself, stretching over the sea surface. The total length of the entire structure is 55 km!

According to the designers themselves, such a large-scale structure can withstand even a powerful earthquake with a magnitude of up to 8 points, and the service life can be 120 years. Well, of course, it will fulfill its main purpose - to significantly reduce travel time between Hong Kong and Zhuhai from three hours to 30 minutes.

2. Danyang-Kunshan viaduct - the longest railway bridge in the world

Danyang-Kunshan viaduct is the longest railway bridge.

The Danyang-Kunshan viaduct (a bridge structure that passes over a depression or a large gorge) is located in East China between the cities of Nanjing and Shanghai and is part of the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway.

This large-scale structure is listed in the Guinness Book of Records due to its record length - 164.8 kilometers. The builders did a colossal job, creating a bridge both on land, overcoming all types of difficult terrain, and above water - towering over canals, rivers and lakes.

More than 10 thousand people worked on the grandiose project, and such a large-scale creation was erected in just four years (2008-2011).

3. Beipanjiang - the highest cable-stayed suspension bridge in the world

The Beipanjiang Bridge is currently the tallest suspension bridge in the world.

In order to connect the provinces of Yunnan and Guizhou, one of the most incredible bridges in the world was created. Due to the difficult terrain conditions, the bridge builders had to raise the bridge to a height of 570 meters, and its length is 1341 meters.

4. Over-Water highway - the first bridge in the world that was built along the riverbed

In the Chinese province of Hubei, a very unusual highway was put into operation. Its main feature was a completely non-standard location - the highway was built right along the riverbed. And the reason for such an extraordinary decision is quite banal - local residents and environmental organizations were against the construction of a high-speed road and violation of the landscape of their area (it was necessary to demolish part of the mountain and make a tunnel in it). Thus a compromise was found.

Chinese engineers designed the original 4-kilometer viaduct, which made life easier for motorists. Now this place has become a tourist attraction throughout the province.

5. Zhangjiajie - the longest and highest glass bridge in the world

The longest glass bridge in the world called "Walk in Heaven" was created in the south of China, which is the most fantastic creation of human genius.

Although recently there was information that the top layer of glass cracked only because one of the tourists dropped a metal mug. The visitors who were at that moment on the bridge were not in danger, but the commotion was grandiose.

Engineering structures erected over obstacles - an indicator of development, an index of the technical progress of civilization. Over its thousand-year history, the industrious Chinese have built many bridges. Built during the reign of the House of Han, the Chinese Ba Bridge in Xian (386 m, 64 spans) is revered as one of the oldest multi-span transport structures in the world.

Modern Chinese bridge builders do not forget the traditions of their ancestors: bridge building in the country does not stop even for a moment. Of the twenty longest bridges in the world, thirteen were built in China. All of them have been put into operation already in the current century, all are included in the majestic transport network that densely intertwines the Middle State.

longest over water

The Qingdao colossus links the shores of the Jiaozhou harbor, integrating the wonder city into the industrial area of Huangdao (eastern and western regional outskirts). More than 30,000 passenger and cargo units pass through the Qingdao facility every day without breaks and weekends. A grandiose communication artifact reduces the cargo and passenger logistics of the province by 30 kilometers.

The length of the man-made object: 42.5 km (26 of them rise above the surface of the bay), the spans of the structure are supported by 5200 supports.

Important! The official cost of construction: one and a half billion dollars. A number of reputable publications claim a significant overestimation and a total release price of 8.8 billion dollars.

The majestic Qingdao masterpiece is the leader among water crossings, and deservedly reigns in the Guinness Register in the China section.

Ideology

The Qingdao project was developed and implemented as part of a national program to improve the interconnections between the rapidly developing and growing provinces of the PRC. Strategically important for the development of the entire country, it simply suffocated in the absence of a modern transport infrastructure.

Cargo terminals of the city - the port of Qingdao.

From the coastal metropolis to the industrial region of Huangdao (across the sea), a ferry service operated regularly. The capacity of the ferry service was critically insufficient for a decent cargo flow.

The six-lane colossus, coupled with a high-speed underground tunnel, became the foundation of a huge national project: the Qingdao-Lanzhou highway.

Construction stages

Started in 2007, the grandiose construction lasted four years. More than ten thousand builders worked around the clock on the giant site. It took more than 450 thousand tons of steel and about 2.4 million cubic meters of concrete to erect the monumental object. During the construction of the transport colossus, the most modern equipment and ultra-advanced construction technologies were used.

first phase: spanning (simultaneously from both banks, with a planned meeting with a “bow” in the center of the bay);
second phase: construction and arrangement of entrances to the object, and improvement of the structure itself (electricity supply, fencing, asphalting, marking, etc.).

Special Features

The designers of the transport facility claim that the Qingdao project is a real engineering masterpiece - if necessary, the facility will withstand an eight-magnitude earthquake, typhoon, tsunami, and even a collision with an out-of-control ocean vessel with a displacement of up to 300,000 tons.

The Jiaozhou Estuary is ice-bound for two winter months: the bridge is the largest man-made structure in the icy expanses of the Celestial Empire. Experts guarantee a hundred-year operational period of the transport pearl of the bay.

Other bridges of the Middle State

Throughout the history of ancient civilization, Chinese architects and builders introduced the world community into shock and awe. The Celestial Empire has always loved and knew how to surprise: from the Great Wall of China to majestic palaces and pagodas.

Important! The construction of transport arteries is a separate page in the formation of the state.

The difficult terrain stimulated the development and implementation of the latest engineering solutions and technologies. Bridge builders and their products are the pride and heritage of the country.

Danyang-Kunshan Viaduct

The main obstacle for transport routes is the discontinuity of the relief (ravines, gorges, canyons). Transport and communication facilities erected in places with significant elevation differences are called viaducts.

Danyang - Kunshan is the largest viaduct bridge in the world between Shanghai and Nanjing.

The industrial masterpiece of Danyang - Kunshan (164.8 km) is located in the Jiangsu region. It is part of the Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed Railway, which connects the two industrial cities of Shanghai and Nanjing.

The viaduct was built in record time: 2008-2010.

Hong Kong - Zhuhai - Macau

The world's greatest sea bridge Hong Kong, Zhuhai and Macau is a masterpiece of bridge building art. The grandiose transport facility combines a series of spans, a series of underground crossings and a group of man-made islands in the sea.

The long construction time (by Chinese standards, eight years is a very long time) is justified by the strict framework of the region's environmental safety. Also, the "long-term construction" was facilitated by long-term administrative approvals: allocated administrative units of the Celestial Empire.

The total length of the transport facility is 55 km, the length of the main span of the bridge is about 30 km. The 420 thousand tons of metal required for the construction would be enough for the construction of sixty Eiffel Towers.

hangzhou bridge

The majestic Hangzhou Bridge connects Shanghai and Ningbo. The grandiose construction realized the ideology of billions of investments in the transport infrastructure of the state. The center of the economy, the consumer goods exporter port of Ningbo, needed guaranteed transport access to China's financial and business headliner, the metropolis of Shanghai.

The length of the transoceanic structure is 36 km, the permitted speed of movement is 100 km/h, the warranty period of operation is more than a hundred years. Bridge cost: 11.8 billion yuan.

transparent transition

In the Hebei region (China), the longest glass bridge in the world is opened for pedestrians. 488 m of a nerve-wracking walk at an altitude of 230m: a 100% tourist highlight and a fetish for adrenaline junkies.

1077 glass panels cover the exotic structure. An additional nervous shake-up is guaranteed by the option specially announced by the designers: the bridge sways during the passage.

The Hebei Bridge turned out to be fifty meters longer than the previous "transparent" leader: the "Cloud Crossing" through the canyon was moved from the top position of the transparent sights of China.

Duge Bridge

The highest suspension bridge in the world connects the banks of the Beipanjiang River and, respectively, the two provinces of Guizhou and Yunnan.

The complexity of the mountainous terrain required exclusive engineering solutions from the designers of the Duge Bridge. According to the type of construction, the bridge is classified as a cable-stayed bridge: tower supports and a span suspended on cables-cables.

The Duge Bridge sags at a height of 564 m above the river canyon and amazes motorists with its length (one and a half kilometers).

Lupu building

Lupu does not interfere with navigation on the Huangpu River, its height above the surface of river waves is 46 m. The "silver" world position in the nomination of arched transport structures commutes two halves of Shanghai. A visiting card of the metropolis and a tourist attraction, the central bridge arch stretches for 750 meters.

The modern design of the majestic building is captivating, the bridge looks most effective at night in the lights of illumination.

Important! At the apogee of the bridge arch, an observation and selfie zone was built: one and a half kilometers along the roadway, a high-speed elevator and ... exhausting 367 steps.

The total length of the famous Shanghai bridge is 3900 m.

Sutong

The 8206-meter cable-stayed giant across the Yangtze connects the cities of Nantong and Changshu (east of mainland China).

The enchanting structure was put into operation in 2008. The design brings the two counties closer together and impresses tourists and business partners of the country with its ultra-design.

Jiaxing-Shaoxing

The pearl of bridge building in the Middle State, a beautiful multi-pylon transport facility, decorates Hangzhouwan and brings together the two industrial centers of Jiaxing and Shaoxing.

The total length of the combined transoceanic bridge crossing is 10,138 meters. The bridge impresses with its urban design and powerful magnificence.

How are bridges built in China?

Thoughtful and wisely sluggish, China simply amazes with the pace of construction. They build in the Celestial Empire quickly and very high quality. The Chinese love the latest technological innovations and cutting-edge mechanisms. For the construction of roads and the construction of majestic bridges, an incredible giant construction complex SLJ900 / 32 was created and put into operation in China.

The dimensions of the giant bridgelayer are impressive: 90 meters long and 9 meters wide. The ultramodern monster weighs just over 580 tons.

Conclusion

The bridge is one of the most ancient engineering structures invented and implemented by mankind. Building bridges in China is a paramount task: the explosive pace of China's economic development would not have been possible without majestic highways. All the latest built bridge-building masterpieces of China not only connect industrial and commercial regions, but also give the inhabitants of the Celestial Empire the right to be proud of their country.

Officially opened in the south of the country the longest bridge in the world. The ceremony, which took place in Zhuhai, was attended by the leaders of Hong Kong and Macau. For regular traffic, one of the sections of the bridge will open on Wednesday, October 24. However, the whole crossing will be put into operation only next year.

The total length of the bridge is 55 km. It connects three coastal cities, the two autonomous self-governing territories of Hong Kong and Macau, with the mainland city of Zhuhai.

According to the creators of the bridge, it was built using 400,000 tons of steel and is able to withstand earthquakes up to magnitude 8 and typhoons. The bridge should last at least 120 years.

About 30 km of the total length of the bridge are located in the Pearl River Delta. In order for the ships to be able to sail through without hitting the bridge, a section of 6.7 km in the middle is lowered into a tunnel located between two artificial islands.

They built the crossing for nine years. Its cost was about 20 billion dollars. It was assumed that all work will be completed in 2016, but they were delayed. The reason was the protests of the Hong Kong authorities against the destruction of the ecosystem of the bay, which would have been inevitable if the companies that built the bridge had used traditional technology to fill the islands. It involves lifting soil from the bottom of the sea and pouring it out in a specified place to form artificial islands. Instead, they had to use the technology of driving hollow metal piles into the seabed, which were then filled for stability with an inert material.

However, despite this compromise, according to the Hong Kong branch of the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), the bridge could cause serious harm to marine life in the area, including the critically rare Chinese white dolphin. Their number over the past 10 years has decreased from 148 to 47 individuals. In addition, dolphins no longer swim up to the bridge.

In 2015, it was planned to open the bridge only in 2021. However, later it was decided to build the crossing at an accelerated pace to the detriment of security.

So, since 2010, according to BBC, 18 workers were killed during the construction, about 600 people were injured. Because of this, some local media called the crossing the "bridge of death." In addition, 21 employees of the company responsible for the bridge's compliance with safety standards were arrested for data forgery.

Previously, the journey from Zhuhai to Hong Kong took about four hours, now this distance can be covered by the bridge in just half an hour. However, not everyone will be able to cross the crossing. To do this, you must obtain a special permit, which will be allocated according to the quota system.

In addition, the passage on the bridge will be paid. It will not run public transport routes - only private buses.

In China, the construction of such a project was criticized by some and said that it would not bring any economic return.

Chinese officials say the bridge will bring in about $145 billion annually, but this figure is questioned by some politicians.

According to legislative adviser Tanya Chan, representing Hong Kong Island, the bridge will not be able to generate that kind of money if only a small number of motorists use it.

Recall, as Gazeta.Ru previously reported, on August 14. Then a 200-meter section of the Morandi bridge collapsed, which was at a height of about 45 meters. All cars, and these are 35 cars and three trucks, fell down from a great height. Many cars were literally "crumpled into a cake." The collapse killed 43 people, four of whom were children.

The collapse of the viaduct occurred, including on residential buildings. Due to the threat of collapses, 311 families, and this is 632 people, were forced to leave their homes.

Later it became known that the Autostrade per l "Italia company, which was in charge of the collapsed bridge, notified the Italian Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport back in February that the bridge's supports had lost 20% of their strength, which means that the structure needed a major overhaul However, no action was taken to carry out the repair.

BEIJING, Oct 23 - RIA Novosti. The world's longest sea bridge with a length of 55 kilometers has been opened in southern China, China's Central Television reports. It connected Hong Kong, Macau and Zhuhai city of Guangdong province.

The ceremony was held in Zhuhai. It was attended by Chinese President Xi Jinping, Hong Kong Chief of Staff Carrie Lam, Vice Premier Han Zheng, Guangdong Provincial Party Committee Secretary Li Xi and about 700 other guests.

Now the trip from Hong Kong to Zhuhai will take half an hour instead of three hours. Free traffic will open on October 24.

According to preliminary estimates, by 2030, more than 29,000 vehicles and more than 120,000 passengers per day will pass through the bridge. It is expected to greatly contribute to the economic integration and development of the three most important cities in the Pearl River Delta economic zone, as well as to tourism in Hong Kong and Macau.

The bridge consists of several surface parts with a total length of 22.9 kilometers, an underwater tunnel 6.7 kilometers long, several artificial islands, as well as special border checkpoints between mainland China, Hong Kong and Macau.

The weight of the bridge exceeds 400 thousand tons. It should last up to 120 years and is designed to withstand the strongest typhoon with wind speeds over 300 kilometers per hour, as well as an earthquake of magnitude eight.

The design also took into account the fact that this area is one of the most navigable in China. Thus, the spans of the bridge are located at the proper height, and the distance between the supports is sufficient so as not to disturb the movement of ships.

Construction history

The idea to bridge Hong Kong and Guangdong appeared in the late 1980s. In 2003, the Chinese central government ordered to begin preliminary calculations and development of the project. Hundreds of research organizations were involved in the design. The number of registered patents involved in the construction exceeded one thousand.

Hong Kong and Macau are special administrative regions that became part of China in 1997 and 1999 under the "one country, two systems" principle. Each of the three governments agreed to build the necessary infrastructure on their territory, but for a long time they could not agree on financing the main part of the bridge.

Construction began in December 2009 and was due to be completed in 2016. But the opening was delayed due to corruption, budget revisions, accidents, accidents and adverse weather conditions.

In addition, the project has been criticized by environmentalists, primarily because of the decline in the population of Chinese white dolphins - the symbols of Hong Kong. According to the district government, from April 2007 to March 2018, only about 50 individuals were recorded in the waters of Hong Kong.

At 36 kilometers long, this bridge is the longest bridge in the world to cross an ocean. It crosses Hangzhou Bay in the East China Sea and the Qiantang River in the Great Yangtze River Delta. In addition to its length, it is currently one of the most beautiful bridges in the world. We invite you to take a virtual tour of Hangzhou with us

At the time of this writing, Huangzhou was the record holder, but now a new bridge has been built, which has intercepted the palm and is the longest in the world - this is Qingdao Bridge, built in 2011

There is a belief that the Chinese can't build reliable buildings... Maybe soon these prejudices will dissipate, thanks to projects such as this bridge. So, bridge over hangzhou bay built in the shape of the letter S and is the most important section of the China East Coast Super Highway. The bridge starts at Jiaxing in the north and ends at Ningbo in the south of the country.

The construction of this facility reduced the land transport distance from Ningbo to Shanghai by 120 km, and the transit time was reduced from four hours to two. The highway with two directions contains six lanes, the speed limit here is 100 km/h. According to the project, the bridge is guaranteed to last 100 years, after which it can be easily reconstructed.

Wang Yong, chief engineer for the construction of the Hangzhou bridge, said that this bridge is one of the most important not only in China but also in the world. It is not only the longest (by sea), but also built in the most difficult marine environment - one of the three strongest currents on Earth flows here, typhoons often occur, and the seabed is extremely heterogeneous. The map shows the location of the bridge:

Exploration work at this site began as early as 1994. Construction officially started in June 2003, and completed in 2008. The bridge was launched in 2009, 45,000 - 50,000 vehicles pass daily

Of the total project cost of CNY11.8bn ($1.42 billion), approximately CNY149m ($18 million) was contributed by 17 non-governmental enterprises in the region. Approximately 35% of this amount was raised from private companies in Ningbo; 59% were secured as loans from China's central and regional banks. The Songcheng Group is the largest non-governmental shareholder in the project with its investment accounting for 17.3% of the capital stock. Investors say the construction of a new sea-crossing bridge across the Hangzhou Bay is a sign of China's growing economic power, and its construction has greatly accelerated economic development in the Yangtze River Delta.

According to the governor of Zhejiang, China's fourth largest economy, “The bridge will help form a more convenient and efficient transportation network in the Yangtze River Delta, allowing each side to develop much closer relations with each other… We believe the bridge will open up many more development opportunities for the area.” and greatly increase its economic strength and competitive power.”

China Railway Bridge Bureau Group Co. Ltd. was the main contractor for the project. The consulting and maintenance contract was concluded with the renowned company Hardesty & Hanover, LLP. Ty Lin International is the designer of the bridge. Ben C Gerwick provides shipwreck protection systems for the project. Pictured is the opening ceremony of the Hangzhou Bridge

Hangzhou Bay is a bay in the East China Sea where one of China's natural wonders, the Qiantang River flow, is observed, creating fast water currents and large waves. The area is also prone to frequent typhoons. These factors made the task more difficult for the planners, with the development of the design and construction plan only completed after nine years of consultation and more than 120 technical studies involving more than 700 experts worldwide.

The cable-retained bridge design was chosen as it was considered the best to withstand adverse conditions, multidirectional currents, high waves, and site geological conditions. The structure of the bridge was also designed according to seismic criteria and maintains the integrity of the bridge in earthquake conditions up to seven points on the Richter scale. The 36 km bridge has six lanes, 3.75 meters each, three in each direction. The total width of the bridge will be 33 m. Designed for 100 years of service, the 62 m high bridge allows fourth and fifth generation container ships to pass under the arches. The total length of the rope used in the project will be 32.2 km.

One of the main problems faced by the Hangzhou builders is natural gas emissions in the deep water along the bridge line. A special study was carried out to investigate the distribution of gas and soil characteristics at the time of gas release. As a result, this problem was solved, and the possibility of damage to the bridge structure was excluded.

All bridge components were cast on the ground, and then the finished components were transported to the site for assembly and final installation. Giant floating cranes with precise anchoring devices were used to ship and install the girders at sea. The Hangzhou Bay Bridge consists of nine sections, 50 RTK5700 GPS systems have been installed in order to dock all plates and sections of the bridge with perfect accuracy

In the middle of Hangzhou, there is a 10,000 m2 driver's rest island, where you can relax and enjoy a full range of services, including hotels, restaurants, gas stations and an observation deck. The island is popular with tourists who love to watch the famous river flow. The maintenance island is built entirely on a pier to avoid destruction and is equipped with the latest security and monitoring systems. There are public parks on both sides of Hangzhouwan.