Laptevih sea. Laptev Sea Economic Activities Laptev Sea

Laptev Sea is one of the outskirts of the northern ice ocean seas located between the Taimyr Peninsula and the Novosibirsk Islands.

The area of \u200b\u200b672,000 square kilometers, the average depth of 540 meters, in some places more than 3 thousand m. Shipping for all marine ships.

In the sea of \u200b\u200bLaptev, the largest Siberia River - Lena, which exported the forest and other wealth of Siberia. The length of the coast is 1300 km. Many bays, bays, peninsulas and islands.

If you move along the northern sea route to the east, then overcoming, and after, the North Earth is a clean water over the north earth. After the kilk sea cluttered, it seems incredible, but nevertheless it is so in front of you Laptev's Sea.

Such warming over the past two decades, scientists explain the global warming and geographically by the position of the sea of \u200b\u200bLaptev, detonated with the Western Peninsula Taimyr, and from the east by the Novosibirsk Islands. In addition, the big tributary of the Khantanga, Anabar, Olenek, Lena and Yana, also contribute to the formation of laptian coastal water in the sea.

In the cold year, this sea is also covered with a solid ice shell, and frosts here are up to - 35 degrees, there were cases when the temperature was supplied to - 50. Not in vain the discovers of this sea, the names of which it is also named, the cousins \u200b\u200bof Dmitry Yakovlevich and Khariton Prokopyevich Laptevs traveled here on Lena from Yakutsk.

In those days, when the first researchers of the Russian North came here, this sea was called the Siberian or the outskirts of the sea. The beginning of the Great Northern Expedition, the most ambitious of all known, put Peter I at the beginning of the 20th century. This expedition was headed by Commander Vitus Bering, one of the best Petrovsky Savior. The task of this expedition was the study of the Russian shores from the Ugra Bowl to Kamchatka. In the expedition, several detachments worked, the total number of more than 600 people. Two detachments who were commanded by Lieutenant Pronchishchev and Lasinius, coming out of Yakutsk on Lena to the sea, had to examine the coast from the mouth of Lena to the Yenisei, to Kolyma and then to Kamchatka.

However, none of the detachments in front of them could not fulfill the task. Lieutenant Peter Lacinius with a team of fifty people on a two-wave deck bot "Irkutsk" came out of Yakutsk, reached the mouth of Lena, came out in the sea and on August 20, 1735 took the course east. A few days later, because of the fogs and ice, he stopped at the mouth of the Haraulh River. There bot "Irkutsk" and remained frozen in the ice. The fate of the "Irkutsk" team is perhaps the most tragic of all expeditions. During the wintering, the qing began and 42 people, including the Lasinius himself died. Only 9 team members survived after terrible wintering. For their salvation, the Commander Bering sent a specially group led by Schcherbinin, who delivered the survivors to Yakutsk.

After such a failure of Lieutenant Lacinius, the commandor Bering appointed the "Irkutsk" commander of Lieutenant Dmitry Laptev, his best assistant.

Dmitry Laptev and his cousin Hariton Laptev began the maritime service in 1718 by the Gardenaarians in Peter. By the beginning of the Great Northern Expedition, Dmitry was already experienced navigated, so he fell into an expedition. After the order of Bering, preparing for a campaign, he scored the best sailors in the team and with this brave team, on small boats, she got to the mouth of the Haraulh River, where he was an abandoned Irkutsk. Restoring the bot, Laptev led him to the delta r. Lena. There, the bot was loaded with everything necessary, and on August 22, 1736 went out into the sea and took the course to the east. But the time was lost and after four days "Irkutsk" rested into the wall of the ice. Laptev, not to destroy the team, was forced to return to Lena and stand up for wintering in the bushoon area.

The hardest wintering was almost destroyed and this expedition, but Dmitry Laptev, taking into account the sad experience of Lacinius, took everything to save the crew of Irkutsk. There was a qing again, and whatever your sailors from Qingi, Laptev forced everyone to drink decoction from cedar cones, they ate ice cream raw fish and were constantly in work. This time even the qing did not destroy brave sailors. Although everyone sinks, but only one person died. The model of the bot "Irkutsk", built by the Masters of Rogachev and Kuzmin in Okhotsk in 1733-1736, was preserved.

In the summer of 1737, Laptev on Irkutsk, he returned back to Yakutsk, but he no longer caught Bering in Yakutsk. In Yakutsk, Laptev learned about the tragic fate of the Pronchischev team.

The second squad of Lieutenant Pronchischev on the two-volume dubelshloup "Yakutsk" was released from Yakutsk in the summer of 1735. Going along the Lena "Yakutsk" came out into the sea and took the course to the West. However, due to the ice setting, the detachment had to get up on the winter at the mouth of the River Olenek. And only in August 1736, after the ice retreated, Pronchishev could move on. It was not necessary to advance as much as the sail as in the oars or pushing the plane barrams.

His expedition examined all the mouth of the Lena, as well as the east coast of Taimyr: the shores, depths of water, bay. And all this was applied to the map. But north of 77 ° Z1` They failed to move, then the impassable ice stretched.

It was decided to return, but on the rewind of Vasily Pronchishev himself and his wife, Tatiana, who participated in the campaign, died from Qingi with the difference in just a few days. The surviving members of the detachment buried their commander and his wife in the village of Ustowel. There, the grave of these brave spouses remained to this day.

After another wintering, the navigator seed Chelyuskin, who took the command of the crew, brought the ship with the surviving team to Yakutsk.

In order to get permission to further research, Dmitry Laptev went to St. Petersburg. A huge path from Yakutsk to St. Petersburg Laptev overcame on horseback. During this time, he thoroughly thought out the causes of failures and arrived at the Admiralty-Board with a clear plan of action.

The Admiralty College appreciated everything that Lieutenant D. Laptev reported in his report and decided to continue the work of the expedition. At the request of D. Laptev commander to Yakutsk, the cousin Dmitry, Khariton Laptev, who happily accepted this offer was appointed, because he always dreamed of the north.

In March 1738, Dmitry and Khariton Laptev, having received all the necessary gear and food, went to Yakutsk. Arriving in place, they put their vessels in order, the expedition plans worked. And on June 18, 1739, Dmitry Laptev on his "Irkutsk" with a team of 35 people went swimming. On July 5, Irkutsk was already in the open sea, and kept the course east.

At this time, the expedition D. Laptev worked with both the sea and sushi. Having passed the heavy path to the mouth of the Indigir River, the expedition stopped at the winter. We safely overlooked on the shore. During this time, a huge work was performed on the study of the coast. In the spring, to reach clean water, I had to cut a whole channel long in Mile. After this titanic work, the ship, going to the sea, got into the storm and was stranded. But brave sailors, costs of tremendous effort, unloading the ship and removing the mast, removed it from the melels and continued the way to the east along the coast of the East Siberian Sea. The part of the team was sent on foot to the coast of the Kolyma River. Having reached the mouth of Kolyma, D. Laptev stopped his expedition to the second wintering in Nizhnekolmsk. This winter was held relatively calmly, continuing work on land.

In the summer of 1741, Dmitry Laptev took an attempt to go on the east of Kolyma for the third time. But Cape Baranov again met impassable ice, and the expedition had to return to Nizhnekolmsk. Covering all records of the coastline from the Delta Lena to Kolyma, Dmitry Laptev on dog sleds went to Anadyr Ostrog, and made a thorough inventory of the Anadyr River basin. And in the fall of 1742, he arrived in St. Petersburg with a presentation on the work done.

After the Great Northern Expedition, D.Ya. Laptev continued the service on the fleet, in 1762 he retired in the rank of vice-admiral.

With great difficulties, the expedition of Hriton Laptev was completely safely passed. Knowing the brother's stories about the difficulties of swimming in the North Sea, Hariton Laptev arrives in Yakutsk, thoroughly prepared for the upcoming expedition.

Having gathered everything you needed and retrofitting the team of Lieutenant Pronchischev's most strong and experienced sailors, he at the end of July 1738 at Yakutsk took a course north. On August 17, Xameriton Laptev, having reached the first big bay of Taimyr, explored these places and gave her the name "Normvik". Then "Yakutsk" went further to the Khatanga lip exams its shores and coastal waters. And at the exit from it, it was opened and recorded an island of transformation. After that, the expedition began to move along the eastern shore of Taimyr, exploring his coast. But at Cape Fadey solid ice wall blocked the path. Ahead was winter and Xariton Laptev, knowing the tragedy of his predecessor, turned back and stood on the wintering in the Khatanga lip, at the mouth of the river the prodigal.

Prudant Hariton, the team by the team quickly built a small house from the fin, in which the expedition was safely overwhelmed. During the wintering time, the time was not lost, all available places were examined, as well as everything was prepared in the spring to continue work.

In the spring, leaving the stocks of food and equipment on Zimovka, H. Laptev sent a part of the team to the Taimyr research. And he himself with the remaining part of the team, immediately at the opening of ice, once again tried to bypass the Taimyr from the north, but the ship was tightly clamped and crushed by ice. And although all the cargo was unloaded in advance on the ice, all this was on foot in the ice axes had to drag on it to the place of wintering. In the way, 4 people lost, who did not bring the weight of the transition, but the remaining still got to the place. At the old place, the expedition quite successfully led the winter, continuing to work on land.

In the spring of 1741, the expedition of Hyriton Laptev, now no longer having a ship, continued to study the Taimyr Peninsula. After breaking the expedition into three detachments, H. Laptev put them the task to examine the Taimyr coast.

And although due to incredible difficulties, not all the tasks of H. Laptev were fulfilled, in general, the work of the expedition could be considered successful. The ball has a reliable map of Taimyr. One of their groups was led by Semyon Chelyuskin, who continued to study the Arctic, whose name was wearing the northernmost point of Asia. The rocky "Cape Chelyuskin" is located at 77 ° 43 'northern latitude and 104 ° 17' East longitude.

X. Laptev himself examined all available places in the depths of the Taimyr Peninsula. On foot on Ice Toros, I'll tell you on the dogs, he reached Lake Taimyr, and fully described its surroundings.

After that, along the River Taimark, Khariton descended to the sea and moved to meet Chelyuskin. Having finished the work, Khariton Laptev and Semyon Chelyuskin on dogs got to Tourukhansk on the Yenisei River. In Turukhansk, Laptev and Chelyuskin spent the winter. But the time was not lost. For this winter, they led to all the records of individual expedition groups and all this was put on the map. Almost there, in Turukhansk a detailed map of the eastern coast of the sea Laptev and Peninsula Taimyr was compiled.

After the end of the expedition, Hariton Prokopyevich Laptev returned to St. Petersburg, where his work was highly appreciated. After he continued the service on the fleet. He completed the service in the rank of the captain of the first rank.

Very informative in the description of the Harriton Laptev expedition history, the book of Owned Alexandrovich Troitsky "Notes Harriton Lapteva". The author of the book describes the life and travel of a participant in the Great Northern Expedition, the Owner of Taimyr, Hriton Lapteva (1736 - 1743). The book describes in detail how the first Taimyr map was created, as the islands in the Laptev Sea were opened, a complete geographical description of this edge was given.

At different times, this sea was called differently. In the XVI-XVII centuries, on the maps, it was called the Tatar or Lensky Sea, in the XVIII-XIX centuries he was called Siberian or Arctic. In 1883, the Norwegian researcher of the Arctic Furoof Nansen called him the "sea of \u200b\u200bNordenšelda".

But despite the fact that many times have passed a lot of time, the Motherland has not forgotten the discovers of this distant and important sea for Russia. In 1913, the Russian Geographical Society proposed in honor of the discovers of the brothers Dmitry and Hriton Laptev's brothers this sea called the "Sea Laptev". Officially, the name "Sea Laptev" was legalized only in 1935 by the decision of the CEC of the USSR. This name was recognized by all countries with now so it is applied on the maps.

Laptev Sea for Russia and currently plays a very big role. In principle, this is the sea gate of Central Siberia. Hence all over the world, ships are loaded by the Siberian Forest and other wealth of this edge. In addition to the sea of \u200b\u200bLaptev, is a kind of reserve of Russia's strategic oil and gas reserves.

This is primarily due to the oil and gas potential of the Laptev Sea. The sea is fairly shallow and therefore there is gas and oil here just from the shore or from bulk islands. And this can significantly reduce the cost of mining. In addition, Laptev Sea is located in the very center of the Northern Sea Route, which gives a great advantage for transportation.

In addition, there is a real opportunity to attach these deposits to the Eastern Siberia - Pacific Ocean oil pipeline system. What is behind this region, you can not doubt. Moreover, recently, the Russian government began to pay great attention to the development of the Northeast of the Russian Federation, improving the living conditions of the local population, enhance their employment and in general the development of this region.

These places and tourism are quite attractive. Of course, the lack of tourist infrastructure while makes these places inaccessible for a wide visit, but nevertheless lovers of Northern Extreme are increasingly visiting these edges. Well, for hunters and fishermen here is a real paradise. After all, the impertons of the centuries are indigenous local population: Nganasans, Enzi, Dolgans, Nenets, Evenks, Khanty, Mansi, Komi, Selkups and Yakuts were nomaded in these places and were mainly fishing and hunting.

In abundance and now there are various beasts and marine animals. You can hunt for seal, nerpe, walrus and deer. It can easily meet, sheby or even.

Well, the birds are like dirt, especially greyhounds, ducks, tundra and northern partridges, kelits, bunches and of course geese. They are just not reading here.

But is there always a hand on such beauty as a chamber.

Although the main types of fish are mainly found here: Koryushka, Sayka, Moja, Navaga and other gravy, but quite often you can find perch, ciga, salmon, sturgeon that go into the sea for feeding, but such a fish is far from the mouth of the rivers are not deleted. Not uncommon in the local waters of Muksun, Nelma, Harius and of course the time. But such Arctic Goltsi, on the local "Kunga" you can catch only here. Fish is caught mainly in the bays, in the bays and in the mouths of the rivers.

Having been in these places, it is necessary to ride in narts harnessed by the reindeer.

Well, the northern lights will not leave anyone indifferent. Such beauty can be seen only here.

Of course, rest in the local places will not be very comfortable, but the days spent here will remain in your memory for a long time. And we are confident, sometimes in these harsh places, you will be amazed by this northern beauty, she will always bear you to themselves, and someday returned here.

Laptev Sea - the outskirts of the northern ice ocean. Located between the northern shores of Siberia in the south, Peninsula Taimyr, the islands of the Northern Earth in the West and the Novosibirsk Islands in the East, and its name was in honor of Russian polar researchers - the cousins \u200b\u200bof Dmitry and Hriton Laptev. The harsh North Sea has a difficult story of its research and establishing accurate boundaries.

Geographical position

The Laptev Sea area is 672 thousand square meters. km. The largest river flowing into the sea Laptev - Lena with her big delta. Rivers also fall into the sea: Hatanga, Anabar, Olenek, Yana.

By the type of location, the Laptev Sea is the outskirts. The neighboring sea is Kara, with him the Laptev Sea connects to the Wilkitsky strait, as well as the East Siberian Sea, with which it is connected by the Sannikov strait and Dmitry Laptev.

Fig. 1. Sea Laptev on the map

The coastline is strongly cut and forms bays and bays of various sizes. Coastal landscape is diverse, with low mountains. Large bays:

• Khatanga;
• Oleneksky;
• Faddey;
• Yansky;
• Anabar;
• bay of Maria Bronchishcheva;
• Ebeli lip;
• guba Bore-hey.

Relief DNA

The maximum depth is 3385 meters, the middle depth is 540 meters. More than half of the sea occupies a gentle continental shallow. Where the shelf is located, the middle depth is about 50 meters. In the northern part of the sea, the bottom cool breaks down to the ocean false with depths of the order of one kilometer. In shallow areas, the bottom is covered with sand and sludge with impurities of pebbles and boulders. At high depths, the bottom is covered with sludge.

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a brief description of

The main characteristic of the sea of \u200b\u200bLaptev is the low temperature of the water. In winter, under the ice, the water temperature ranges from -0.8 ° C in the southeastern part to -1.8 ° C. Above the depth of 100 meters, the entire water layer has negative temperatures (up to -1.8 ° C). In the summer, the nature of the temperature distribution of surface waters is largely associated with the position of the ice edge, which determines the area of \u200b\u200bthe sea susceptible to summer heating.

The salinity of the Laptev Sea rapidly increases with increasing depth. A strong influence on this indicator is provided:

• ice melting;
• stock Siberian rivers.

Due to the relatively weak winds and small depths of the Sea of \u200b\u200bLaptev relatively calmly, with waves usually within 1 m. In July-August, a wave of up to 4-5 m can be observed in the open sea, and in the autumn period to reach 6 m.

Fig. 2. Sea of \u200b\u200bLaptev almost always covered with ice

The frosty of the Arctic winters cause a significant formation of sea ice, which covers the water water system for almost all year. The development of the ice also contributes to the shallow water of the sea and the small salinity of its surface waters. As a result, Laptev's sea is the largest source of Arctic sea ice.

Despite the freezing of the sea, navigation is the main type of human activity in the region, and one of the major ports is Tiksi.

Fig. 3. Port Tiksi

Biological resources of the sea Laptev

Features of the organic world of the Laptev Sea are caused by an extremely harsh climate. The vegetation of the sea is represented by diatomic algae and a slight amount of green and blue-green algae. Also in the sea there are about 30 types of zooplankton. The coast flora is represented by mkhami, lichens and several species of blooming plants.

There are constantly inhabited mammals: walrus, sea hare, nerve, greenland seal, sandy, reindeer, wolf, ermine, polar hare and polar bear.

Despite the extremely harsh climate, several dozen bird species live on the sea coast. Some of them are settled and live here constantly (Punch, Polar Owl, Black Camera), while others are soaked in the sugar areas or migrate from the south, creating large colonies on the islands and the mainland coast (Gagarka, White and Polar Seagull, guillemot).

The main environmental problems of the sea are Laptev:

• pollution from numerous factories and mines;
• periodic oil spills;
• sound and floating decompanying wood.

What did we know?

According to the 8th grade of the course of geography, we learned, the ocean's pool is the sea of \u200b\u200bLaptev, it is incense or inner who discovered and in honor of whom this North Sea is named. If you briefly describe it, then this is a shallow water, not too salted sea of \u200b\u200bthe Arctic Ocean, with a harsh climate, which is covered with ice for almost all year.

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The Laptevian Sea is the peripheral or outskirts of the Northern Ocean, which is located near the northern shores of Russia, in Asia. In the West, it is limited by the Taimyr peninsula and the North Earth Islands, in the East - Novosibirsk Islands.

The neighboring sea is Kara, with him the Laptev Sea connects to the Wilkitsky strait, as well as the East Siberian Sea, with which it is connected by the Sannikov strait and Dmitry Laptev. The sea of \u200b\u200bLaptev is named after Russian navigators and researchers of the North Harrit and Dmitry Laptev, who explored this harsh territory in the XVIII century. In the language of indigenous people, Yakuts, the name sounds like Laptevtar. One of the previous names is Nordencheld.

Sea area - 672 thousand. KM.KV.

Prevailing depths 30 - 80 m.

The average depth is 540 m.

The greatest depth is 3385 m.

Geographic coordinates - 76 ° 16'07 "S.Sh. 125 ° 38'23 "VD.

The salinity of water is low.

The coastline has a length of 1300 km and is quite cut. What is why there are many bays and bays on the coast. The main bays: Oleneksky, Khatangsky, Faddey.

The climate is arctic continental and very stern. For more than nine months, the temperature is kept below zero degrees Celsius. And only for two months, August and September, the sea is freed from the molding of his ice. The temperature of the water in summer in the south is +12 to + 15 °, in the north of +1 to + 6 °. In winter, the temperature of the water under the ice: -1.5 ° C. Polar night and day last more than three months each. The air temperature in January comes to -50 ° C, and in July it rarely comes to + 5 ° C

The density of the indigenous population (Yukagirov, Chuvantov, Evenks and Evenov) is very low. Their traditional classes are reindeer herding, fishing, hunting. And this despite the fact that the local flora and fauna is very scarce. In the sea of \u200b\u200bLaptev, 39 types of fish are the mains of which are the Golots, Omul, Sig, Ostr, Rocky, Nelma and Sea Beast - Nerpe, Morce, Beluga. On the islands and coast - the polar bear, the sands.

There are a couple of dozen islands in the sea, on which the remnants of the mammoths were found, which were preserved in good condition. The largest portowie village - Tiksi.

The following rivers flow into the sea of \u200b\u200bLaptev: Lena, Anabar, Hatanga, Olenk, Yana and other smaller rivers.

Today, the main type of human activity in this region is navigating and mining.

Video: Tiksi. Laptevih sea.

Group "Lips" - Sea Laptev (Reggae with Adriano Celentano. Comedy Club

Laptevih sea - the outskirts of the Northern Ocean. Sea surface area 662,000 km². Located between the North Coast of Siberia in the south, the Peninsula Taimyr, the islands of the North Earth in the West and the Novosibirsk Islands in the East. Historical names: Tatar, Lena (on maps of the XVI-XVII centuries), Siberian, Arctic (XVIII-XIX century). In 1883, the Polar Researcher Furoof Nansen called the sea with the name of Nordenšeld. This name has persisted after it until 1935. In 1913, at the proposal of Okeanograf Yu. M. Shokalsky, Russian Geographical Society approved the current name - in honor of the cousins \u200b\u200bof Dmitry and Hriton Laptev, who explored this harsh territory in the XVIII century. Officially, it was fixed only by the decision of the USSR CEC dated June 27, 1935. In the language of indigenous people, Yakuts, the name sounds like Laptevtar.

The shores are strongly cut. Large bays: Khatangsky, Oleneksky, Faddeya, Jansky, Anabar, Bay of Maria Bronchishcheva, Bore-Haya. In the western part of the sea and delta rivers there are several dozen islands. Frequent storms and flows due to melting of ice lead to their strengths of their erosion, so for example, Semyanovsky and Vasilyevsky Islands, open in 1815, have already disappeared. The most significant groups of the islands: Northern Earth, Komsomolskaya Pravda and Faddey. The largest single islands: Big Begichev (1764 km²), Belkovsky (500 km²), Small Taimyr (250 km²), pillars (170 km²), Starokadovsky Island (110 km²), and sandy (17 km²). In the southwestern part of the sea are the islands of Komsomolskaya Pravda. Rivers flow into the sea: Hatanga, Anabar, Olenek, Lena, Yana. Some rivers form large delta.

Marigue

The coast of the Laptev Sea has long been populated by the Aboriginal tribes of Northern Siberia, such as Yukagira and Chudans. Traditional classes of these tribes were fishing, hunting, nomadic reindeer herding, as well as wild deer hunting. Starting from the II century began the gradual assimilation of Yukagirov Euments and Evenks, and from the IX century, much more numerous Yakuts, and in the further koreas and chukchi. The Russians began to explore the sea coast of Laptev and nearby islands in the XVII century, melting along the flow of Siberian rivers. In 1629, Siberian Cossacks went down to Lena until the mouth. In 1633, the detachment of Ivan Piliryev went from Zhigansk down on Lena, then half of the detachment led by Ivan Rebir reached the mouth of the Olenek River, and the Perfiriev himself passed to Jan. By 1638, the Khatanga River and the industrialists were discovered with Lena climbed on it, they were moved by the waters on the inner waters of Taimyr on the 10th and hunted on the shores of Yenisei. In 1735, at the Dubelt-Boat "Yakutsk", Lieutenant Vasily Pronchishyev passed from Lena to the mouth of Anabara and to the eastern shore of Taimyr. After the death of Vorkishchev from Qingi in 1736, his work on Yakutsk continued Hariton Laptev, whose cousin Dmitry Laptev in 1739 passed on the bot "Irkutsk" from the mouth of Lena to the east to the mouth of the Chrome River, which flows into the East Siberian Sea. The shed between the two seas is called Dmitry Laptev. And the Siberian Sea itself is named after Laptev, since they were the first to put on the map of his shore.

Navigation in the sea of \u200b\u200bLaptev became possible thanks to the work (1821-1823) of Lieutenant Peter Anju, who described the mainland and all the Novosibirsk Islands, which he traveled in the narts in search of a non-land found land found. Anjou conducted the first studies of the dominant winds of the sea of \u200b\u200bLaptev, its mobile and packing ice. He produced the probe of depths, moving on the water on the boat, then on ice on the sleigh.

The first one who managed to make swimming through the whole sea of \u200b\u200bLaptev from Cape Chelyuskin in the West to Cape Holy Nose in the East, became the Swedish Baron Adolf Eric Nordsheld. His sailing and steam vessel "Vega", accompanied by a steamer "Lena" on August 19, 1875, anchored at Cape Chelyuskin, August 27 reached the mouth of Lena, where Lena was gone, heading to Yakutsk. On August 30, "Vega" was in the Strait of Dmitry Laptev off the coast of the island of Big Lyakhovsky. In 1893, the Norwegian research schooner "Fram" FramoFa Nansen was held almost all the All Sea of \u200b\u200bLaptev, which squeezed into the ice from the Novosibirsk Islands, from where her drift started to the north.

At the beginning of the 20th century, Russian expeditions were crossed several times in the Taimyr and Vaigach iceplaces. Since 1932, the northern seaway, regular flights from 1935, along the sea of \u200b\u200bLaptev, is the shortest navigation period on all over the northern sea route - only in August and September. Basic port - Tiksi, there are also ports in the mouths of the rivers - Khatanga, Ust-Olenek, Nizhneyansk.

Relief DNA

Laptev Sea is located in the shelf zone, the mainland slope and takes a small area of \u200b\u200bthe ocean bed. Due to this location, the relief of the bottom is a plain, which breaks down sharply in the north. Depths up to 50 m predominate, the highest depth of 3385 meters, the average depth of 540 meters. In shallow areas, the bottom is covered with sand and sludge with impurities of pebbles and boulders. At the coast, river precipitations accumulate at high speed, up to 20-25 centimeters per year. At high depths, the bottom is covered with sludge.

Climate and hydrological regime

The climate of the sea Laptev - Arctic continental and, due to the remoteness from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, is one of the most severe among the Arctic seas. Polar night and polar day last about 3 months a year in the south and 5 months in the north. The coldest month is January. The average temperature in January to -31 ° C and -34 ° C, and the minimum is -50 ° C. In July, the temperature rises to 0 ° C +5 ° C, however, it can reach and + 22-24 ° C on the coast in August. Strong winds, blizzards and snow storms are usual in winter. Snow drops even in the summer and alternates with fogs.

The sea is characterized by low water temperature. In winter, water temperature ranges from -0.8 ° C-1.8 ° C. In summer, in free from ice areas of the sea, the most upper water layer can warm up to 4-6 ° C, in the bays up to 8-10 ° C. The salty of sea water near the surface in the north-western part of the sea in winter is 34, in the southern part - to 20-25. Near the mouth of the rivers it is less than 10. A strong effect on the salty of surface waters is the melting of ice and stock of Siberian rivers. Most of the river flow (about 70%) falls on the fraction of Lena. Other rivers that make a significant contribution to the cumulative drain: Hatanga, Olenek, Yana and Anabar. Riding an average of up to 50 centimeters high. The magnitude of the tides significantly reduces ice cover. In the Hatang Gulf due to his funnel-shaped form, a tidal wave can reach 2 meters. Absessing relatively weak winds and small depths of the sea of \u200b\u200bLaptev relatively calmly, with waves usually within 1 meter. In July-August, a wave of up to 4-5 m in the open sea can be observed, and in the autumn period to reach 6 meters.

The frosty of the Arctic winters cause a significant formation of sea ice, which covers the water water system for almost all year. The development of ice also contributes to the shallow content of the sea and the small saline of its surface waters. Laptev Sea is the largest source of Arctic sea ice.

Flora and fauna

Flora and fauna are few due to the harsh climate. The vegetation of the sea is presented mainly by diatomic algae, which are more than 100 species. The sea marked 39 species of fish, mostly typical of a stralywate water medium. The main ones are different types of smoking and segi, such as Muksun, Chir, Omul. Sardine, Beringovomorsky Omul, Polar Koryushka, Navag, Sayka, Kambala, Arctic Caucas and Nelma are also common. There are constantly inhabited mammals: walrus, sea hare, nerve, greenland seal, hoofed lemming, sandy, reindeer, wolf, ermine, polar hare and polar bear. Seasonal migrations to the shore makes Beluha.

Several dozen bird species live here. Some of them are settled and live here constantly. This is a bunk, sea sand and a polar owl and a black chamber. There are those that roam over the sugar areas or migrate from the south, creating large colonies on the islands and the coast of the mainland. These include gagarka, ordinary clearance, white seagull, kayra, rzhanko-shaped and polar seagull. Pumps, paint, silly, burgomaster, pink seagull, sailor, gaga, gagars and white partridges are also found. In 1985, a Ust-Lena Reserve was organized in the Lena River Delta. In 1993, all the islands of the Novosibirsk archipelago were also included in his security zone.

Economic significance

Sea Laptev - the only Russian sea, where there is not a single inhabited island with a permanent population without taking into account the polar stations and military facilities. Hunting and fisheries are weakly common and focused mainly in the river delta. Hunting for marine mammals is practiced only by indigenous people. In particular, the walrus hunt is allowed only by scientific expeditions and local tribes that it is required for existence. The Northern Sea Path is the most important way to deliver cargo to the remote areas of Russia - the north of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, Yakutia and Chukotka. Sea Laptev is a place of various scientific research. Scientists are studying how the water circulates is observed for ice balance, hydrometeorological forecasts make.

Ecology

Pollution of water is relatively low and mainly due to the work of numerous plants and mines located on the Lena River, Yana and Anabar. Waste these enterprises contain phenols, copper and zinc and are constantly washed away into the sea with a current of river waters. Another constant source of pollution is the village of Tiki's urban type. During the navigation period, and in the process of oil production, periodic spills occur. Another major source of pollution - sunken and floating decomposing wood, which in water as a result of decades of the continuously implemented forest flashes.

The seasons of the northern ice ocean belong to the sea of \u200b\u200bLaptev. It spreads between the Peninsula of Taimyr, the islands of the North Earth and the Novosibirsk Islands. The water area has an area of \u200b\u200babout 672 thousand square meters. km. The maximum depth is almost 3390 m, and the average depth is 540 m. This sea received its name through Russian researchers and navigators - Dmitry and Khariton Laptev. They conducted the North Sea studies in the 18th century. Yakuta (indigenous people) call this pond "Laptevtar".
Sea features

Laptev Sea map shows that its shores are strongly cut. The sea has large bays: Khatanga, Anabar, Yansky, Oleneksky, etc. In his extensive water area there are many islands. They are concentrated, mainly in its western part. The largest island groups: Faddey, Wilkitsky and Komsomolskaya Pravda. Of the single islands, a small Taimyr, sandy, Big Begichev, Starokadovsky et al.
The rugged sea coast of Laptev forms a variety of peninsula, lips, capes, bays and bays. At this sea, rivers are carrying their waters: Yana, Anabar, Khatanga, deer and Lena. They form extensive delta in places of sign in the sea. Salt of sea water is low.

Climatic conditions

Laptev Sea is considered the most severe among the Arctic seas. The climate is close to the continental, but has brightly pronounced polar and sea features. Continentality is expressed in significant fluctuations in annual temperature. The climate in different areas of the sea is inhomogeneous. In the fall over the sea, winds are formed, which are easily enhanced to storms. In winter, here is calm and clouded. Rare cyclones are happening, causing cold and strong winds.

Using the sea Laptev

The sea is located far from the center of the country, in the harsh climate. Therefore, its economic use is difficult. For the Russian economy, the Laptev Sea is of great importance, as the area is transported by the sea northern way. There is a transit of cargo and their delivery to the port of Tiksi. Locals are engaged in fisheries. The density of the indigenous people is very low. Evenks, Yukagira and other nationalities live on the shores. Sea Laptev is a place of various scientific research. Scientists are studying how the water circulates is observed for ice balance, hydrometeorological forecasts make.