Presentations on Rome. Ancient Rome. From the emergence of the city to the fall of the republic. Weapons and equipment
Ancient Rome
History lesson in 5th grade (FSES)
- Geographical location and natural conditions of the Apennine Peninsula.
- Peoples inhabiting the Apennine Peninsula.
- Legends about the founding of Rome.
- The city on seven hills and its inhabitants.
- Management system in Ancient Rome.
Geographical location and natural conditions of the Apennine Peninsula
Review the slide
- Describe the geographical location and natural conditions of the Apennine Peninsula?
- What do the Apennines (where the Roman state was located) and the Balkans, where Greece is located, have in common?
The Etruscans were among the first to process iron and make tools and weapons from it.
Scientists find iron Etruscan battle armor in burials dating back to the 7th century. BC
The Etruscan army was the strongest in the Apennines in the 7th century. BC they subjugated almost the entire peninsula.
- The originality of the Etruscans was manifested in everything, but what is most striking is their burials, which had a bizarre shape.
Education of Rome
The legend of the founding of Rome is considered by most modern historians to be fiction.
Carefully read the text of the legend (p. 204 - 206) and answer the questions.
Education of Rome
Vestals
Education of Rome
Mars is the god of war.
Vesta is the goddess of family and guardian of the hearth.
Vestal Virgin is a priestess of the goddess Vesta.
Lictors were warrior-guards who accompanied the king.
Rome at the beginning of its history
753 BC – date of foundation of Rome
Physical education minute
We decided and wrote,
Together we quietly stood up.
One, two - stretched,
Three, four - smiled,
Five, six - everyone shook themselves,
Seven, eight - turned around.
They sat down, stood up, stood up, sat down,
And they didn’t hurt each other.
Hands up! Wider your shoulders!
One, two, three! Breathe more smoothly!
Exercise will make you stronger
You will become stronger and stronger!
Rome at the beginning of its history
The legendary date of the founding of Rome is 753 BC.
However, settlements on the site of Rome existed long before this date.
On the left bank of the Tiber, on the elevated hills, there were settlements that were later united into one city.
Rome at the beginning of its history
The ancient Romans lived in primitive houses made of willow twigs coated with clay.
Nearby there were a garden and a vegetable garden, and outside the city there were fields and pastures.
As a result of constant wars with neighboring cities, the Romans expanded their subject territory.
Rome at the beginning of its history
The Romans were engaged in agriculture and grew:
wheat,
barley,
grape,
Animal husbandry developed in Rome; the Romans bred:
cows and pigs,
horses and donkeys.
Rome at the beginning of its history
The inhabitants of Rome were skilled artisans - blacksmiths, weavers, potters.
Bread baking reached a huge scale - mills and bread ovens were scattered throughout Latinia.
Several of the oldest mills are still in working order.
Consolidation
Questions:
1.God of war among the Romans (Mars);
2. Council, in which the elders of the clans sat (Senate);
3. The river on the banks of which Rome arose (Tiber);
4.Legendary founder of Rome (Romulus);
5. A warrior from the king’s guard (lictor).
Homework
1.Study the material in paragraph 44.
2.Learn new words.
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Lesson Plan LESSON PLAN: Periodization of Ancient Roman History Roman Civic Community and the Early Republic Making Rome a World Power
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Age of Kings: 753 BC-510 BC (from the founding of Rome to the expulsion of the last of the kings) Early Republic: 510 BC. – mid 3rd century. BC (from the expulsion of the kings to the Punic Wars) Late Republic, formation of the Roman state: mid-3rd century. BC – 27 BC Early Empire, Principate: 27 BC – 3rd century AD Crisis – 3rd century. Late Empire, dominant: 4th century AD – 476 (fall of the Western Roman Empire
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The basis of the Roman people - the Romans, Sabines, Etruscans The Etruscans - a special influence on Roman history (borrowed: the practice of building cities, the architecture of temples, many crafts) Further development - the Romans, who subjugated the peoples of nearby regions, and then all of Italy. Language – Latin
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KING (ruler, judge, priest) People's Assembly Senate Council of elders of clans (patricians only) Patrician men, later plebeians 510 BC. – the uprising of the Romans, the overthrow of the last king, a new form of government R E S P U B L I C A
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Plebeians are descendants of indigenous people conquered by the Romans, aliens. Free people pay taxes, but do not have the right to serve in the army or participate in government. The main occupations are agriculture, crafts, and trade. The fight for civil rights. Patricians - at first a small group of men who came with Romulus, later formed the dominant group in Roman society, had full rights and responsibilities (landowners, service in the army, participation in government) Result of the struggle: Patriciate + plebeian elite = nobility
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The main features of the Roman civil community The combination of collective and private land ownership, in the presence of the supreme property of the community The connection between the concepts of “citizen”, “warrior”, “farmer” Equality of political and legal rights of citizens The power of the people’s assembly in all important issues The possibilities for the exploitation of fellow citizens as dependent workers, and even more so slaves Acceleration of the transformation of foreigners into slaves
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ROME - a world power 265 BC - the entire Apennine Peninsula was captured The struggle of Rome with Carthage - three Punic Wars (264 - 146 BC) The winner Rome captured Spain and North Africa RESULT: CARTHAGE is destroyed by the redivision of the world .
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SOLVE THE PROBLEM There is information that some Roman rich people at that time had up to 20 thousand slaves. Thus, the slave owner Crassus and Danetry had so many slaves that they could recruit an entire army from them. Pompey actually formed a squadron of 300 of his shepherds; another slave owner had 8,000 thousand slaves. What conclusions can be drawn from these data?
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Sources of slavery in Ancient Rome SOURCES OF SLAVERY IN ANCIENT ROME Piracy children of slaves Captives for desertion for debts sale of children into slavery Slave markets In large cities in the center of Rome on the island of Delos
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Military victories led to an unprecedented expansion of slavery. A huge number of slaves captured in the war poured into Italy. Gangs also operated at sea and on land, kidnapping people and selling them into slavery. Residents of Roman provinces who did not pay taxes were also enslaved.
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Slave markets existed everywhere. The main one was in Rome itself at the Forum Boarium. Here the days of selling cattle and slaves alternated. The markets sold not only strong men, but also old people, women and children. Sellers praised their goods, but on the chest of each seller there had to be a sign with a list of physical defects.
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Ancient Rome as a separate state entity arose on the territory of the Apennine Peninsula, surrounded by four seas: Ligurian, Tyrrhenian, Ionian, Adriatic.
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Rome was founded in 753 BC. e. and only in the IV-III centuries. BC e. Some data on architectural construction appears. Even later - about painting and sculpture. Only from the last centuries of the existence of the republic did Roman art take on any specific forms.
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During the transition of Roman society from the Republic to the Empire, a rapid flowering of the creative powers of artists began, whose creations made Roman art no less great than Greek. The art of Ancient Rome completed the era of antiquity and the art of antiquity in general.
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The culture of Rome did not develop on its own; it was greatly influenced by the highly artistic cultures of Greece and Etruria.
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The name “Italy” itself means “fire island” (possibly due to the volcanoes) and is of Greek origin. The Greeks inhabited the south of the Apennine Peninsula since the 8th century. BC e. They colonized the rich and fertile lands of Southern Italy and Sicily. They even called the south of Italy “Greater Greece.”
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But perhaps the Etruscans had an equally strong influence on Rome and its entire culture.
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Who are the ETRUSIANS? What influence did the Etruscans have on the culture and art of the Roman Empire???
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MYSTERIOUS PEOPLE The culture of the Etruscans has much in common with the cultures of the Ancient East, but still the Etruscan problem has not yet been completely resolved and they continue to be considered a mysterious people. Although it is known, for example, that Etruria was a powerful maritime power. “Peoples of the Sea” - this is what the Etruscans were called in ancient times, because they brought terror and awe to Mediterranean traders and sailors.
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Apparently, it is no coincidence that the two seas washing the shores of Italy bear Etruscan names: one is the Adriatic, associated with the name of the Etruscan city of Adria, the other is the Tyrrhenian, and the Tyrrhenians is another name for the Etruscans. Even the Tiber River, on which Rome stands, even during the Empire, retained the Etruscan name “Ruma”, perhaps it gave the name to the city of Rome itself,
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ART OF THE ETRUSCANS The Etruscans firmly believed that they had only ten centuries to live. Be that as it may, the time period of the existence of Etruria, known to historians, occupies the time from the 8th to the 1st centuries BC. e. Scientists do not know when exactly the Etruscans appeared in the Apennines. Perhaps they came from Asia Minor, perhaps from Lydia, but this is just a guess. What race the Etruscans belong to is also unknown.
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Many Etruscan monuments are known, but the content of the myths that are embodied in them is unknown. There are many Etruscan inscriptions, but they are very difficult to read, although the Etruscans used the Greek alphabet. They wrote from right to left and without spaces between words. The Etruscan gods are similar to the Greek ones, and the names of the gods, in all likelihood, were eventually used by the Romans to call their own, for example: Uni - Juno, Menva - Minerva. The functions of these gods are completely special and also not fully understood.
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It is also known for sure that the Romans borrowed from the Etruscans gladiator fights and baiting of animals, stage games and sacrificial rituals, fortune telling and belief in good and evil spirits. Thus, the Romans acquired penates and laras - good spirits of the home.
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The Etruscans, like the Egyptians, believed in life after death, so the main monuments preserved after the Etruscans are associated with burial. The cult of ancestors and the veneration of the dead contributed to the development of a special type of tomb among the Etruscans, which were more like dwellings with richly furnished chambers. The only thing that reminded us of the purpose of these structures were the funeral urns in the shape of a human figure or monumental sarcophagi with sculptural images of the dead on the lids. Therefore, the history of Etruscan art begins and ends with tombs.
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Architecture The Etruscans left behind entire “cities of the dead” - necropolises: the impression was created that life took place here, perhaps another, otherworldly, but life. The Etruscan tombs were magnificently decorated, painted with colorful frescoes, furnished with furniture and rich utensils, and they contained many luxurious funeral gifts, even carts. And the dead were showered with gold jewelry.
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The Etruscan tombs had geometric shapes, and this is no coincidence. In ancient times, the shape of objects carried a deep meaning. For example, a square was a symbol of the earth, and a circle was a symbol of the sky. If the deceased was buried in a round tomb, it means that in the eyes of the living he was already an inhabitant of the sky, that is, a god.
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But time has not preserved the Etruscan cities where people lived. But it is known for sure that the Etruscans were the first to use a regular layout when building a city. They were not only sea robbers, but also excellent engineers. It was from them that the Romans learned to build bridges and arches, pave roads and drain swamps.
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Unfortunately, not a single Etruscan temple has reached us, since they built everything from raw brick and wood. It is known that the temple was square in plan, decorated with columns on three sides, stood on a high base and had a deep portico that opened into three rooms at once into the depths of the temple. The Etruscans worshiped the gods in triads - triplets. The main triad was Tinia, Uni and Menrwa. The Etruscan temple hid all its secrets within itself. The will of the gods could be interpreted and conveyed to people only by priests and soothsayers who mastered the art of divination by the flights of birds, by lightning, and by the entrails of animals.
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Sculpture Like the Greek temple, the Etruscan temple had sculptural decoration. The pediments of the temples were filled with figures of deities, but made not in stone, but in clay (terracotta). The edges of the roof were decorated with terracotta masks of the Gorgon Medusa; satyrs, sileni and maenads, constant companions of the god Fufluns (Dionysus). They were brightly colored and were intended to protect the interior of the temple from the invasion of evil gods and demons.
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The Etruscans not only created the main temple, they determined the emblem of Rome - the she-wolf (beginning of the 5th century BC), but the legend that nurtured its future founders, the twins Romulus and Remus. The Capitoline Wolf, made by an unknown artist in bronze, is significant not only as a symbol of Ancient Rome, but also as a highly artistic work. The Etruscan master managed to embody in this image both a formidable animal and a merciful mother who fed human cubs. But most importantly, he showed the spiritual power of wild nature, which nurtured the courage and belligerence of the Romans. The time when the Etruscans built the temple on the Capitol and cast the legendary she-wolf was the end of their “golden age.” (The Capitol is one of the seven hills on which the city of Rome is built).
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The Romans were increasingly gaining strength, both military and state, which helped strengthen their influence in the Apennines. And the Etruscans, on the contrary, having lost their former power and the formidable glory of sailors, were heading towards their decline. Therefore, the Etruscan sculpture that has come down to us reflects two periods: the joyful and bright period of the heyday and power of Etruria and the period of deep pessimism, when the Etruscans began to lose their independence.
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Etruscan sculptors loved to work in bronze and clay. Their work often had a functional, that is, practical, significance. They decorated mirrors, tall figured lamps - candelabra, tripods - vessels, lamps, stands for anything with a base in the form of three legs. Sculpture was widespread, serving as architectural decoration. An example is the terracotta statue of the god Apollo that adorned the ridge - the upper corner of the roof - of the temple in Veii, which was presumably made by the master Vulca in 520-500. BC e. This is the only known name of an Etruscan sculptor that has come down to us.
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The statue of Apollo shows a man with an athletic build, which can be seen through thin clothes. The master managed to convey this rapid movement. Apollo's figure is full of strength, energy and youth, his facial expression is filled with bright joy, and a smile is frozen on his lips.
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The faces of the married couple shine with the same joy, which was created by an unknown Etruscan sculptor from Cervetere at the beginning of the 6th century. BC :x The terracotta group is a decoration on the lid of the sarcophagus, and, in all likelihood, bears a portrait resemblance to the dead. Hugging each other, they gesticulate cheerfully, discuss something heatedly, forgetting that their bed is a bed of death.
Ancient Rome, one of the leading civilizations of the Ancient World and antiquity, got its name from the main city (Roma), in turn named after the legendary founder - Romulus.
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The center of Rome developed within a swampy plain, limited
- Capitol,
- Palatine
- Quirinal.
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The official language of the ancient Roman state was Latin, and the religion was polytheistic for most of its existence.
- Neptune (god of the seas)
- Hephaestus (god of fire)
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The unofficial emblem of the empire was the golden eagle.
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- Fire brigades
- Central heating
- Apartment buildings
- Paved roads
- Christianity
- Hourglass
- Aqueduct
- Water wheel
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According to legend, the daughter of the local king Rhea Silvia and the Roman god of war Mars gave birth to sons Romulus and his twin brother Remus.
The Legend of the Founding of Rome
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The mother of Romulus and Remus, Rhea Silvia, was the daughter of the legitimate king Numitor, who was removed from the throne by his younger brother Amulius.
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Amulius did not want Numitor’s children to interfere with his ambitious plans: Numitor’s son disappeared during a hunt, and Rhea Silvia was forced to become a vestal virgin, which doomed her to a 30-year vow of celibacy. In the fourth year of her service, the god Mars appeared to her in the sacred grove, from whom Rhea Silvia gave birth to two brothers.
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Parental home of Remus and Romulus...
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Rubens "Romulus and Remus". Wolf Cave
The enraged Amulius took her into custody, and ordered the babies to be put in a basket and thrown into the Tiber River. However, the basket washed ashore at the foot of the Palatine Hill, where they were suckled by a she-wolf.
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and the mother’s worries were replaced by the arrival of a woodpecker and lapwing. Subsequently, all these animals became sacred to Rome.
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The she-wolf who suckled Romulus and Remus...
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Then the brothers were picked up by the royal shepherd Faustul. His wife, Akka Larentia, who had not yet been consoled after the death of her child, took the twins into her care.
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When Romulus and Remus grew up, they returned to Alba Longa, where they learned the secret of their origin
They killed Amulius and restored their grandfather Numitor to the throne.
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There is another version of this legend...
Romulus and Remus overthrew the criminal king and returned power over Alba to their grandfather. They themselves and their retinue moved to the banks of the Tiber - to the places where they were suckled by the she-wolf.
Here they decided to found a new city, but they could not agree on who would reign in it, because the twins had no advantage over each other.
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Finally, relying on the will of the gods, the brothers began to follow the heavenly signs (signs).
Remus, who was fortune-telling on the Aventine Hill, was the first to see a good sign - six kites soaring in the sky.
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Romulus, sitting on the Palatine, saw 12 birds a little later.
Each of the brothers interpreted the signs in their favor, a quarrel broke out between them, and Romulus, rashly striking his brother, killed him on the spot.
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On the Palatine Hill, where brotherly blood was shed, the first fortifications of the city, which received the name of its founder, were erected.
He was named Roma in honor of Romulus.
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Founding of Rome.
The legendary date of the founding of Rome is 753 BC
However, settlements on the site of Rome existed long before this date.
On the left bank of the Tiber, on the elevated hills, there were settlements that later united into one city.
- Quirinal
- Viminal
- Esquiline
- Caelium
- Aventine
- Palatine
- Capitol
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At first, Romulus's main concern was increasing the population of the city. To this end, he granted the newcomers the same rights, freedoms, and citizenship as the original settlers. For them he set aside the lands of Capitol Hill.
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Thanks to this, fugitive slaves, exiles and simply adventurers from other cities and countries began to flock to the city.
Citizens of ancient Rome
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The ancient Romans lived in primitive houses made of willow twigs coated with clay.
Nearby there was a garden and a vegetable garden, and outside the city there were fields and pastures.
As a result of constant wars with neighboring cities, the Romans expanded their territory.
In addition to the patricians, settlers from Latin settlements conquered by Rome, as well as from other regions of Italy, lived in the city.
They were called plebeians.
Only patricians took part in the governance of ancient Rome.
The elders of the clans sat in a council called the Senate.
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The king was elected by the people's assembly for life (until 510 BC)
The procedure for forming the Senate in ancient Rome
Common holidays, mutual assistance
People's Assembly
- Family
- Family
- Family
- Family
- Family
- Elder
- Elder
- Senate
One elder from each clan (300 clans)
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People's Assembly (consisting of male patricians)
- Declared war
- Made peace
- Elected a king (for life)
- Senate
- Patrician clans
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Rome
Slides: 12 Words: 467 Sounds: 0 Effects: 64Ancient Rome. Lesson plan: 1.Education of Rome. 1.Foundation of Rome. 1. Founding of Rome. The ancient Romans lived in primitive houses made of willow twigs coated with clay. Nearby there was a garden and a vegetable garden, and outside the city there were fields and pastures. As a result of constant wars with neighboring cities, the Romans expanded their territory. The Romans were engaged in agriculture and grew: wheat, barley, grapes, flax. Animal husbandry developed in Rome; the Romans raised cows and pigs, horses and donkeys. The inhabitants of Rome were skilled artisans: blacksmiths, weavers, potters. Several of the oldest mills are still in working order. - Rome.ppt
History of Rome
Slides: 10 Words: 404 Sounds: 0 Effects: 16History of Ancient Rome. The beginning of Rome. Ordinary city life. It is generally accepted that in the 2nd century. n. e. The population has already exceeded one million people. Borders of the Roman Empire. Countries with an ancient and developed culture came under the rule of Rome. Roman culture. Coliseum. Gladiator battles took place in the Colosseum arena. Noisy and bloody spectacles were held for the amusement of the spectators. Rise of Spartacus. Decline of the Roman Empire. The civilizational heritage of Rome. Dozens of kingdoms arose on the territory of the former Roman Empire. Roman legal norms are reflected in the laws of many European states. Thus passes the glory of the world. - History of Rome.ppt
Rome in ancient times
Slides: 8 Words: 78 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Ancient Rome. Map of ancient Rome. The state of Ancient Rome arose on the Apennine Peninsula. The Colosseum was like this. And he became like this. Trevi Fountain. Spanish Steps. Pantheon. Capitol. - Rome in antiquity.pptx
Ancient Rome lesson
Slides: 48 Words: 1014 Sounds: 0 Effects: 122Repeating and generalizing lesson on the topic: “ANCIENT ROME”. ? Can Ancient Rome be considered one of the sources of modern European civilization? Lesson assignment: What is “CIVILIZATION”? Select the signs that reveal the concept of “CIVILIZATION”? Civilization. Territory. Related languages. High yield. Proximity to the sea. Religious community. Community of culture. Universal literacy. Similar lifestyle. Development of science. Organization of the economy. State structure. WHAT IS CIVILIZATION? Chronology of ancient Rome. Roman conquests. Remove warriors from territories not conquered by the Romans. - Ancient Rome lesson.PPT
History of Ancient Rome
Slides: 12 Words: 452 Sounds: 0 Effects: 54Ancient Rome. ? The ancient Roman state is called the successor to the traditions of Ancient Greece. 1.Geographical location and natural conditions of the Apennine Peninsula. 2. Etruscans. 3.Education of Rome. 4. Rome at the beginning of its history. The ancient Romans lived in primitive houses made of willow twigs coated with clay. Nearby there were a garden and a vegetable garden, and outside the city there were fields and pastures. The Romans were engaged in agriculture and grew: wheat, barley, grapes, flax. Animal husbandry developed in Rome; the Romans raised cows and pigs, horses and donkeys. Several of the oldest mills are still in working order. - History of Ancient Rome.PPT
Beginning of Roman history
Slides: 22 Words: 880 Sounds: 0 Effects: 45The beginning of Roman history. Country and population. Etruscans. The originality of the Etruscans. The legend of the founding of Rome. The founding date of Rome is 753 BC. Activities of the Romans. The Romans were engaged in agriculture. Residents of Rome. Management system in Ancient Rome. Formation of the Roman Republic. Senate. People's Tribunes. Dictator. People's Tribune. Concepts. Names. Founders of Rome. Dates. Founding of Rome. - The beginning of Roman history.PPT
"Ancient Rome" 10th grade
Slides: 19 Words: 3473 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Ancient Rome. Nature of the Apennine Peninsula. The emergence of the city of Rome. Legend about the founding of Rome. The growth of Rome in the first centuries of its existence. Roman army in the 1st century BC. Punic Wars. The defeat of the Syrian kingdom. Slavery in Rome. Rise of Spartacus. Caesar's seizure of power in Rome. The Roman army under Octavian Augustus and his successors. Culture of the Roman Empire. Water mills. Sculptors abandoned frontal compositions. The rise of literature. Culture. Decline and death of the Roman Empire. - “Ancient Rome” 10th grade.ppt
Development of Ancient Rome
Slides: 10 Words: 701 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Stages of development of Ancient Rome. The legendary foundation of Rome. The she-wolf feeds Romulus and Remus. The enraged Amulius ordered the babies to be put in a basket and thrown into the Tiber River. Then the brothers were picked up by the royal shepherd Faustul. A quarrel broke out, during which Romulus killed his brother. Ancient Roman god of war Mars and Rhea. Royal stage. Republican stage. Early Republic. Late Republic. The formation of ancient Roman civilization was strongly influenced by the cultures of the Etruscans, Latins and ancient Greeks. - Development of Ancient Rome.ppt
State of Ancient Rome
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Ancient Roman state
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Periods of the history of Ancient Rome
Slides: 35 Words: 1012 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0History of Rome. Three stages. Features of the position. The Legend of Romulus and Remus. Founding of Rome. Capitol Hill. Inhabiting peoples. Inhabiting peoples. The beginning of Rome. Bride in Ancient Rome. Tsarist period. Romulus. Numa Pompilius. Tullus Hostilius and Ancus Marcius. Tarquin the Ancient. Servius Tullius. Tarquin the Proud. The fall of royal power. Stratification. Political structure. The struggle between plebeians and patricians. Domestic policy. Foreign policy. Etruscan offensive. Second Latin War. I Punic War. Hannibal's War. Hannibal Barca. Macedonian War. III Punic War. - Periods of the history of Ancient Rome.pptx
World History "Ancient Rome"
Slides: 16 Words: 308 Sounds: 0 Effects: 43Rome is a city on seven hills. Geographical location and natural and climatic conditions. Read the text of the legend carefully. Mars. Mars is the god of war. Legendary date of the founding of Rome. Rome and its inhabitants. The ancient Romans lived in primitive houses made of willow twigs. The Romans were engaged in agriculture. Residents of Rome. Management in Ancient Rome. Patricians are descendants of the original inhabitants of Rome. - World History “Ancient Rome”.PPT
Army of Ancient Rome
Slides: 18 Words: 1091 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Army and weapons in Rome in the era of the kings. The era of kings. Roman army. Centuries. Centurion. Legion. Late period. Eagle. The structure of the legion. Armament. Armor. Short dart. Warlike kings. Ankh Marcius. Lucius Tarquinius Priscus. Lucius Tarquin the Proud. -
