Presentation on the topic of oceanic nature of the population. Oceania - presentation. Flora and fauna
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Oceania is a geographical, often geopolitical, region of the world consisting primarily of hundreds of small islands and atolls in the central and western Pacific Ocean. Oceania is the world's largest collection of islands, located in the western and central Pacific Ocean, between the subtropical latitudes of the Northern and temperate Southern hemispheres. When dividing the entire landmass into parts of the world, Oceania is usually united with Australia into a single part of the world, Australia and Oceania, although sometimes it is separated into an independent part of the world. The total area of the islands of Oceania is 1.3 million square km.
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The total area of the islands is 1.26 million km² (together with Australia 8.52 million km²), the population is about 10.7 million people. (together with Australia 32.6 million people). Geographically, Oceania is divided into Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia; sometimes New Zealand is highlighted
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Natural features
The islands are of volcanic origin and have mountainous terrain. Coral islands (atolls) have the shape of a continuous or broken ring. In the center of the island there is a shallow lagoon. On some islands, copper, coal, phosphorites, oil and natural gas are mined. Most of the islands lie in the equatorial and tropical zones, so there are high temperatures and a lot of precipitation.
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Flora and fauna
The organic world is endemic and has a poor species composition. The coral islands are poor in wildlife because there is little fresh water. There are many birds; New Guinea is inhabited by echidnas, tree kangaroos, wingless kiwi birds, and the first lizard, the hatteria. There are no mammalian predators. The flora is not rich: palm trees, casuarinas, tree ferns, vines and coconut palms.
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Population of Oceania
Oceania is home to both indigenous people and immigrants from Europe. Asia, America, The indigenous inhabitants of the Melanesian islands, the Papuans, belong to the equatorial race, and the Polynesians (Maori) represent a special group of peoples. The indigenous population carefully preserves their original culture. The Anglo-New Zealand nation was formed in New Zealand.
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Cook Island dancers
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Oceania political map
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Oceania countries
The modern political map of Oceania took a long time to form. Many islands still remain the possessions of the USA (Hawaii), Great Britain, France, and Australia. Until the early 60s of the 20th century there was one independent state - New Zealand, and now there are more than 10. The smallest is Nauru (one island), and Kiribati - 30 islands.
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Economy of Oceania
The main industry is tropical agriculture. Coconut palms are grown on plantations. Tea, coffee. Bananas, sugar cane, pineapples. Copra, the dried pulp of the coconut from which coconut oil is obtained, is especially prized. The indigenous population raises goats and pigs. The traditional occupation is fishing and other types of marine crafts. New Zealand is the only country in Oceania with a well-developed economy.
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International tourism
Oceania is an area of developed international tourism. Many tourists visit the Hawaiian Islands and Easter Island. Tahiti and others. Easter Island has been declared a national park and is included in the World Cultural Heritage List. The island is home to many mysterious stone statues - stylized images of people created by the Polynesians in the late 4th century.
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http://obarcoomundoengalego.files.wordpress.com/2009/06/austalia-mapa.png?w=450&h=450 – Australia. http://notes.yakhnov.ru/20080424-coat-of-arms-of-australia.jpg - coat of arms of Australia. http://net.compulenta.ru/upload/iblock/b3b/e540220-adelaide_river,_australia-spl.jpg – rivers of Australia. http://homepages.abdn.ac.uk/c.p.north/pages/DrylandRivers/assets/pics/CooperInFlood_med.jpg –Cooper Creek. http://data6.gallery.ru/albums/gallery/124013--13759250-m750x740.jpg -rivers. http://img0.liveinternet.ru/images/attach/b/3/28/436/28436604_0.jpg - relief of Australia. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Murray_river_australia.jpg - Murray. http://geographyofrussia.ru/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/murrei.jpg - Murray. http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Darling-near-Bourke.jpg - Darling. http://www.planbooktravel.com.au/region-images/NSW/the-living-outback/the-living-outback-400x272/darling-river-1990-bourke.jpg/image_preview - Darling. http://demiart.ru/forum/uploads1/post-75301-1210323921.jpg - eucalyptus. http://foto.spbland.ru/data/media/11/lrg_106421_IMG0226.jpg - blooming eucalyptus. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/NEO_lake_eyre_big.jpg - Air. http://notes.yakhnov.ru/20080429-eyre-lake.jpg - Air.
Lukina Olga Vyacheslavovna
Librarian, geography teacher
Municipal educational institution Vesyegonskaya secondary school
Oceania is a geographical region of the world consisting primarily of hundreds of small islands and atolls in the central and western Pacific Ocean.
When all land is divided into parts of the world, Oceania is usually combined with Australia into a single part of the world, Australia and Oceania.
The total area of the islands is 1.26 million km² (together with Australia 8.52 million km²), the population is about 10.7 million people. (together with Australia 32.6 million people).
Geographically, Oceania is divided into Melanesia, Micronesia And Polynesia, sometimes isolated New Zealand.
Micronesia
Polynesia
Melanesia
Geology
Oceania is not a continent: only Australia, New Caledonia, New Zealand, New Guinea And Tasmania have continental origin. In the past, these islands were a single landmass, but as a result of rising levels World Ocean a significant part of the surface was under water. The relief of these islands is mountainous and highly dissected. For example, the highest mountains of Oceania, including Mt. Jaya(5029 m), located on the island New Guinea.
Most of the islands of Oceania are of volcanic origin: some of them are the tops of large underwater volcanoes, some of which still exhibit high volcanic activity (for example, the Hawaiian Islands).
Other islands have coral origin, being atolls, which were formed as a result of the formation of coral structures around submerged volcanoes. A distinctive feature of such islands are large lagoons, which are surrounded by numerous islands whose average height does not exceed three meters. In Oceania there is an atoll with the largest lagoon in the world - Kwajalein in the archipelago Marshall Islands.
Satellite image of Kwajalein Atoll.
Atoll coast Caroline (Line Islands, Kiribati)
Oceania is located within several climatic zones: equatorial, subequatorial, tropical, subtropical, moderate. Most of the islands have a tropical climate.
The climate of the islands of Oceania is determined mainly trade winds, so most of them receive heavy rainfall. The average annual precipitation is from 1500 to 4000 mm.
Most of the islands of Oceania are subject to the destructive effects of natural disasters: volcanic eruptions (Hawaiian Islands, New Hebrides), earthquakes, tsunami, cyclones, accompanied typhoons and heavy rains, droughts.
Many of them lead to significant material and human losses. For example, as a result of the tsunami in Papua New Guinea in July 1999 2,200 people died.
There are large rivers only in South And North Island New Zealand, as well as on the island New Guinea, on which the largest rivers of Oceania are located, Sepik(1126 km) and Fly(1050 km). New Zealand's largest river Waikato(425 km). The rivers are fed primarily by rain, as well as by water from melting glaciers and snow. On atolls There are no rivers at all due to the high porosity of the soil.
The largest number of lakes, including thermal ones, are located in New Zealand, where there are also geysers. On other islands of Oceania, lakes are a rarity
Rivers and lakes
Stream on the island Efate (Vanuatu).
Flora and fauna
Among the most widespread plants of Oceania are coconut tree And breadfruit, which play an important role in the life of local residents: the fruits are used for food, wood is a source of heat, and a building material.
The islands also contain a large number of ferns, orchids y. Largest number endemics registered in New Zealand and Hawaii.
New Zealand and New Guinea have the greatest diversity of fauna. On the small islands of Oceania, primarily atolls, mammals are almost never found: many of them are inhabited only by polynesian rat. But the locals are very rich avifauna. Of the fauna of New Zealand, the most famous are birds. kiwi which have become the national symbol of the country. Other endemics of the country - kea, kakapo (owl parrot), takahe (wingless sultana). All the islands of Oceania are home to a large number of lizards, snakes and insects.
The region contains a large number of protected areas, many of which occupy large areas. For example, Phoenix Islands in the Republic of Kiribati from January 28 2008 are the world's largest marine reserve(area 410,500 km²)
ferns
breadfruit
Population
Portrait of an indigenous woman
New Zealand - Maori.
The indigenous people of Oceania are Polynesians, Micronesians, Melanesians And Papuans.
Farm
Modern inhabitants of Oceania are engaged in agriculture, growing coconut palms, bananas, pineapples, and sugar cane. The traditional occupation is fishing in the ocean. On the islands, non-ferrous metal ores and coal are mined, and phosphorite deposits are developed.
Consequences of human activity
- Valuable tree species have been cut down.
- The coastal waters of many islands are polluted.
- Some atolls have been turned into testing grounds for atomic weapons, and as a result, a number of atolls have been destroyed.
Homework
- Notebook entries
http://www.bugaga.ru/uploads/posts/2009-10/1255810564_island_ocean.jpg
http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F#.D0.93.D0.B5. D0.BE.D0.B3.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.84.D0.B8.D1.8F
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Oceanias_Regions.png
http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Oceania_rus.svg http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Puncakjaya.jpg http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Kwajalein_Atoll.png http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:CarolinePic-Kepler-South.jpg
http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:A_stream_on_Efate,_Vanuatu.jpg
http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:TeTuatahianui.jpg
http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Hinepare.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Kea.jpg/250px-Kea.jpg http://images.yandex.ru/yandsearch?rpt=simage&img_url=www.sciencenewsblog.com%2Fpics%2Fkakapo.gif&ed=1&text=%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF %D0%BE&p=17
http://www.flowersandcruises.com/images/pictures/Arieal_Bora_Bora_Larger.jpg http://900igr.net/datas/geografija/Priroda-Afriki/0068-068-Priroda-Afriki.jpg http://www.uwomen.ru/images/stories/photossite/health/bananovoe-derevo.jpg http://www.ekskurzii.com/images/stories/world/great-barrier-reef/great-barrier-reef-ekskurzii.jpg http://rusdods.ya1.ru/uploads/posts/2011-10/thumbs/1319252255_477px-castle_romeo.jpg http://www.e-drofa.ru/materials/bio11/atoll1.jpg http://www.happyho.ru/files/imagecache/preview/images/2010/08/tailand-khlebnoe-derevo-9042.jpg http://nepom.ru/travel/files/rf_paporotnik.jpg
Korinskaya V.A., Dushina I.V. Geography of continents and oceans 7th grade - M.: DROFA, 2010.
Sources of information.
A presentation on the topic “Oceania” for a 7th grade geography lesson will allow students to get acquainted with a huge cluster of islands located in the Pacific Ocean. This presentation reveals the unique world of plants and unusual animals that inhabit these lands, washed by the ocean on all sides. Much information is given about the discovery of Oceania.
Miklouho-Maclay made a great contribution to the study of these territories. 7th grade students will also learn about this traveler in a geography lesson using this material.
The consideration of the material begins with the introduction of the term Oceania itself. What follows is a detailed description of the geographical location of the islands, the peoples who inhabit them, and the nature that makes them so unrivaled.
The electronic manual, presenting the material on 34 slides, can be used both for geography lessons and for personal study of the material by anyone interested in this subject.
- Introduces you to a group of islands in the Pacific Ocean called Oceania. He will tell you about the people, life, history and other interesting facts of the skeleton.
Format
ppt (powerpoint)
Number of slides
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I. Physiographic position and composition of Oceania This is a cluster of islands in the central and western parts of the Pacific Ocean, which stretch from north to south, from the Hawaiian Islands to New Zealand, and from east to west, from Easter Island to New Guinea. Number - more than 10,000 islands Area - 1.3 million km²
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The islands of Oceania are united into three large groups Melanesia Micronesia Polynesia New Guinea, Solomon, New Hebrides, Fiji, New Caledonia Mariana, Caroline, Marshall, Gilbert New Zealand, Tonga, Samoa, Societies, Marquesas, Tuamotu, Easter, Hawaiian "Melas" - by -Greek “black”, “nesos” - “island”, they are inhabited by Negroid tribes with black skin The area of very small islands “micro” - “small” This group includes the rest of the large number of islands “poly” - “many” - “ islands"
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II. Discovery and Exploration of Oceania The island of New Guinea and the nearby islands of Melanesia were supposedly inhabited by people from Southeast Asia who arrived by canoe approximately 30-50 thousand years ago. About 2-4 thousand years ago, most of Micronesia and Polynesia were inhabited. The colonization process ended around 1200 AD. After gaining independence, most countries in Oceania still have serious economic, political and social problems, which they are trying to solve with the help of the world community (including the UN) and through regional cooperation.
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III. Features of the nature of Oceania Types of origin of the islands Continental Volcanic Coral New Guinea New Zealand Hawaiian New Caledonia New Hebrides Fiji Samoa Great Barrier Reef
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Relief of the islands The relief and geological structure of the Pacific Ocean floor in the Oceania region has a complex structure. From the Alaska Peninsula (part of North America) to New Zealand there are a large number of basins of marginal seas, deep ocean trenches (Tonga, Kermadec, Bougainville), which form a geosynclinal belt characterized by active volcanism, seismicity and contrasting topography.
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Mineral resources of the islands On most of the islands of Oceania there are no mineral resources, only the largest of them are being developed: nickel (New Caledonia), oil and gas (island of New Guinea, New Zealand), copper (Bougainville island in Papua New Guinea), gold (New Guinea, Fiji), phosphates (on most islands the deposits are almost or already developed, for example, in Nauru, on the Banaba, Makatea islands). In the past, many islands in the region were heavily mined for guano, the decomposed droppings of seabirds, which were used as nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer. On the ocean floor of the exclusive economic zone of a number of countries there are large accumulations of iron-manganese nodules, as well as cobalt, but at the moment no development is being carried out due to economic inexpediency.
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Climate of the Islands of Oceania Oceania is located within several climatic zones: equatorial, subequatorial, tropical, subtropical, temperate. Most of the islands have a tropical climate. The climate of the islands of Oceania is determined mainly by trade winds, so most of them receive heavy rainfall. Average annual rainfall ranges from 1,500 to 4,000 mm, although some islands (particularly due to topography and downwind areas) may have drier or wetter climates. Oceania is home to one of the wettest places on the planet: on the eastern slope of Mount Waialeale on the island of Kauai, up to 11,430 mm of precipitation falls annually (the absolute maximum was reached in 1982: then 16,916 mm fell). Near the tropics the average temperature is about 23 °C, near the equator - 27 °C, with little difference between the hottest and coldest months.
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Climate of the Islands of Oceania Most of the islands of Oceania are subject to the destructive effects of natural disasters: volcanic eruptions (Hawaiian Islands, New Hebrides), earthquakes, tsunamis, cyclones accompanied by typhoons and heavy rains, droughts. There are glaciers high in the mountains on the South Island of New Zealand and on the island of New Guinea, but due to global warming, their area is gradually decreasing.
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Features of the flora and fauna of Oceania Among the most widespread plants of Oceania, the coconut palm and breadfruit stand out, which play an important role in the life of local residents: the fruits are used for food, wood is a source of heat, a building material, copra is produced from the oily endosperm of coconut palm nuts, which forms the basis of exports of countries in this region. On the small islands of Oceania, primarily atolls, mammals are almost never found: many of them are inhabited only by the small rat. But the local avifauna is very rich. Most atolls have bird colonies where seabirds nest. Of the fauna of New Zealand, the most famous are the kiwi birds, which have become the national symbol of the country. Other endemic species of the country are kea, kakapo, and takahe. All the islands of Oceania are home to a large number of lizards, snakes and insects.
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IV. Population. Features of the settlement of Oceania The indigenous inhabitants of Oceania are Polynesians, Micronesians, Melanesians and Papuans. Many languages of Oceania are on the verge of extinction. In everyday life they are increasingly being replaced by English and French. Recently, the proportion of immigrants from Asia (mainly Chinese and Filipinos) has been increasing in the countries of Oceania. For example, in the Northern Mariana Islands, the share of Filipinos is 26.2%, and the Chinese are 22.1%. The population of Oceania mainly professes Christianity, adhering to either the Protestant or Catholic branches.
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Economy Most countries in Oceania have a very weak economy, which is due to several reasons: limited natural resources, remoteness from world markets for products, and a shortage of highly qualified specialists. Many states depend on financial assistance from other countries. The basis of the economy of most countries in Oceania is agriculture (copra and palm oil production) and fishing. Among the most important agricultural crops are the coconut palm, bananas, and breadfruit. Possessing huge exclusive economic zones and not having a large fishing fleet, the governments of the countries of Oceania issue licenses for the right to catch fish to ships of other countries (mainly Japan, Taiwan, the USA), which significantly replenishes the state budget. The mining industry is most developed in Papua New Guinea, Nauru, New Caledonia, and New Zealand. Recently, measures have been taken to develop the tourism sector of the economy.
