Territorial disputes between Russia and other countries. Disputed territories

On September 28, 1939, a Treaty of Friendship and Border between the USSR and Germany was concluded. It was signed by German Foreign Minister Ribbentrop and People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs of the USSR Molotov. We decided to talk about five disputed territories of Russia with other states.

The treaty between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union was concluded on September 28, 1939. It was signed after the invasion of Poland by the armies of Germany and the USSR by the German Foreign Minister Ribbentrop and the People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs of the USSR Molotov. According to this treaty, the territory of Poland was divided between Germany and the USSR. The text of the treaty and a map with the border line between the USSR and Germany were published in the Soviet press. According to this agreement, Lithuania passed into the sphere of influence of the USSR. This ensured the Soviet Union that Germany would not interfere in its relations with Lithuania, which ultimately led to the establishment of the Lithuanian SSR on June 15, 1940.

DISPUTED ISLANDS

The Kuril Islands include 30 large and many small islands. They are part of the Sakhalin region of Russia and have important military-strategic and economic significance. However, the southern islands of the archipelago - Iturup, Kunashir, Shikotan and the Habomai group - are disputed by Japan, which includes them in Hokkaido Prefecture.

Moscow’s principled position is that the southern Kuril Islands became part of the USSR, of which Russia became the legal successor, and are an integral part of the territory of the Russian Federation on legal grounds following the Second World War, enshrined in the UN Charter, and Russian sovereignty over them, having the corresponding international legal confirmation is beyond doubt.

In Japan, they say that the northern territories are centuries-old territories of this country that continue to be under the illegal occupation of Russia. According to the Japanese position, if it is confirmed that the northern territories belong to Japan, it is ready to be flexible in the time and procedure for their return. In addition, since Japanese citizens living in the northern territories were forcibly evicted by Joseph Stalin, Japan is willing to reach an agreement with the Russian government so that Russian citizens living there will not suffer the same tragedy. In other words, after the return of the islands to Japan, it intends to respect the rights, interests and desires of the Russians currently living on the islands.

TOOK ONE AND A HALF ISLANDS

The problem of the disputed islands of Tarabarov and Bolshoy Ussuriysky arose in 1964, when a new draft agreement on the border between Russia and China was developed. And the story was like this. In 1689, the Treaty of Nerchinsk was concluded, when Russia recognized China's rights to lands on the right bank of the Amur and in Primorye. In the middle of the 19th century, taking advantage of China's weakness, Russia annexed 165.9 thousand square kilometers of Primorye, which were under joint management. China was left without access to the Sea of ​​Japan. During World War II, an agreement was concluded between Stalin and the commander-in-chief of the PLA, Mao Zedong, who controlled the northern regions of China, to draw a border line along the Chinese bank of the Amur and Ussuri rivers. Thus, China was actually deprived of the right to use the fairway of these rivers, but received support from the USSR.

In 2004, an agreement was signed between Russia and China on the Russian-Chinese state border on its eastern part. The document defines the border in two sections: in the area of ​​Bolshoy Island in the upper reaches of the Argun River (Chita Region) and in the area of ​​Tarabarov and Bolshoy Ussuriysky islands at the confluence of the Amur and Ussuri rivers near Khabarovsk. Tarabarov was completely given to China, and Ussuriysky - only partially. The border line, according to the document, runs both in the middle of the rivers and on land. The territory of both sections (about 375 sq. km) is distributed approximately in half.

WE WANTED TO CHOP OFF A PIECE

Estonia lays claim to the Pechora district of the Pskov region and the right bank of the Narva River with Ivangorod. On May 18, 2005, the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Russia and Estonia Sergei Lavrov and Urmas Paet signed agreements on the state border and delimitation of maritime spaces in the Narva and Finnish Gulfs, which secured the passage of the state border between the two states along the former administrative border between the RSFSR and the Estonian SSR “with minor adjustments to the conditions adequate territorial compensation." One of the main subjects of negotiations on the Russian-Estonian border is the “Saatse Boot”. It was planned to transfer it to Estonia in exchange for other territories. The treaty was not ratified by Russia due to amendments made to it by the Estonian side.

FISH WAR

For almost half a century, Russia has been waging an undeclared fish war with Norway. Most of the fighting takes place in the famous “twilight zone” in the Barents Sea. This is a disputed body of water the size of half Germany or Italy, two thirds Great Britain.

The essence of the dispute comes down to the fact that Russia drew the border along the coast of the island of Spitsbergen, Norway believed that the border should be equidistant from Spitsbergen on one side and Franz Josef Land and the island of Novaya Zemlya on the other. Since the states were on friendly terms, the border dispute rarely resulted in any action, and Russian fishing vessels were occasionally detained. However, the dispute later escalated, as hydrocarbon reserves were discovered in the Barents Sea, including in the disputed territories. In April 2010, the parties agreed that a new delimitation line would divide the disputed territory into two equal parts; the 40-year-old dispute was finally resolved on September 15, 2010 after the signing of the agreement “On the delimitation of maritime spaces and cooperation in the Barents Sea and the Arctic Ocean” transfer of 90 thousand sq. km. in favor of Norway.

CRIMEA - TERRITORY OF DISPUTES

For many years, controversy has not subsided around, perhaps, the most beautiful and favorite vacation spot of the Soviet people. Crimea is not only an “all-Union health resort”, but also a strategic territory.

In 1991, when the Soviet Union collapsed, relations between Ukraine and Russia worsened. The people living in Russia, after the loss of so many territories, remembered Crimea, which could be returned, because... many did not approve of its transfer to Ukraine in 1954. At the same time, 80 percent of Crimean residents said that they consider themselves citizens of Russia, and Crimea is part of its territory. But Ukraine still had one very significant lever of pressure on Russia - the Black Sea Fleet. In January 1992, the then President of Ukraine L. Kravchuk announced taking the Black Sea Fleet under his wing. This was a disaster for Russia. But the transfer of Crimea to Ukraine is a very huge loss for Russia.

Read more: http://smartnews.ru/

If you look at the map, you can clearly see the borders separating one state from another. Everything looks clear and unambiguous. Unfortunately, the reality is not so rosy. Every day, borders change: some states disappear, others appear, others strive to expand their territory at the expense of their neighbors. We offer an overview of disputed territories that are claimed by several powers without recognizing each other's rights.

Greece and Turkey have never been able to coexist peacefully, and the Cyprus problem gives them the opportunity to fully express their dissatisfaction with each other. After changing hands several times, the island's territory is now divided into two parts. 37% is under Turkish control, 63% of the southern part is the Republic of Cyprus, between them there is a buffer zone under NATO control.

These cities on the northern coast of Morocco are Spain's only remaining territories in Africa. Morocco regularly appealed to the Spanish government to grant them independence, but the local population categorically rejected such an idea. At the moment they are officially part of the EU.

Relations between the Singaporean and Malay governments have never been easy, and most recently Malaysia accused Singapore of illegally managing its lands. Point 20, a small piece of reclaimed land in Singapore, is claimed by Malaysia to be within its territorial waters.

People are ready to fight for anything in the modern world, and New Moore Island is proof of this, not even an island, but a spit of 10 square meters. It appeared in 1970 in the Bay of Bengal after a cyclone and disappeared in 2010 due to rising sea levels. This is what India and Bangladesh have been fighting for for 40 years.

Another surprising territorial dispute involving an uninhabited island in the North Atlantic. It is claimed by Great Britain, Iceland and Ireland.

Although no one shed blood for this territory, it has long been divided, empty and hypothetical. And therefore, issues of ownership constantly arise.

The dispute began when an Argentine whaling company established a base in the Falkland Islands around the time Britain annexed them. During the Falklands War they came under Argentine rule for a short period, but soon returned to British jurisdiction.

Although there is no acute conflict between Great Britain and Spain over territories, they are still opponents on this issue.

The region, which is mostly desert, is one of the most sparsely populated areas in the world. It once belonged to Spain, but is now claimed by Morocco and the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.

It has long been known that Sudan is anything but calm. The country has been torn apart by civil war and bloodshed for years, and South Sudan has achieved its independence. Abyei is a region located at the heart of the conflict between the two countries. And although it is claimed by South Sudan, it is ruled by its northern neighbor.

Unusual disputed territory. Its peculiarity lies in the fact that two countries are not fighting for it, but two countries are trying to get rid of it - Egypt and Sudan.

Despite gaining independence in 1981, Belize has been fighting off Guatemala's territorial claims for 30 years. On some maps of its restless neighbor, Belize is listed as the 23rd district.

If you think that if three million people declare independence and form a new state, then all the other 200 countries will happily nod their heads and recognize it, then you are mistaken. In 1991, Somaliland declared independence from Somalia, but no one batted an eyelid. Perhaps it was necessary to choose a different name for the state?

More recently, there was a war between Argentina and Britain, which ended with the recognition of the islands as British territory. And in 2007, the President of Argentina again proposed resuming negotiations.

Although most of the world community perceives Tibet as an autonomous region within China, the Tibetan government, which is in exile in India, categorically disagrees with this.

After decades of brutal conflict, Kosovo, which was part of Serbia, declared independence in 2008. It has since been recognized by 88 countries, including the US, UK and France. Russia and China, not to mention Serbia, were categorically against it.

Although the Kuril Islands officially became part of the USSR after the end of World War II, Japan still calls them its northern territories.

The narrow strip between Ukraine and Moldova turned into a self-proclaimed republic, recognized only by two countries - South Ossetia and Abkhazia, which themselves have the same status. For the rest of the world, it is an autonomous territorial unit within Moldova.

After World War II, the Korean Peninsula was divided along the 38th parallel. As a result, the DPRK was formed in the north, and the Republic of Korea in the south. Both states claim their rights to the entire peninsula, once this already led to the Korean War, after which a demilitarized zone appeared between them.

There are two countries that claim the name "China". These are the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China (Taiwan). Both are completely unwilling to acknowledge each other’s existence and claim the same territory.

21. Spratly Islands

The territory of Kashmir, located between India and Pakistan, is effectively divided between three powers - India in the south, Pakistan in the northwest and China in the northeast. Neither side agrees to recognize the rights of others to these territories.

One of the most conflicted regions on the world map for many centuries. The territory passed into the hands of various states many times. After the creation of the State of Israel in 1947, the situation did not improve; there is constant shooting here, and serious military clashes occur from time to time.

The last territorial conflict in the modern history of Ukraine and Russia.

No one undertakes to predict how such conflicts might end, but scientists have included them in

"Ogonyok" presents a dozen completed and not yet resolved territorial disputes between the constituent entities of the Russian Federation

Prepared by Olga Shkurenko

1. Sunzha and Malgobek districts

The conflict arose in 1992 after the division of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Ingush President Ruslan Aushev agreed with the leaders of Ichkeria that they would not “divide the regions.” Since then, the issue of the border between the regions has not been resolved. The conflict escalated in 2012, when the head of Chechnya, Ramzan Kadyrov, accused his neighbors of seizing “original Chechen lands” and promised to document his claims. Now two administrations have been established in the Sunzhensky district - Chechen and Ingush, and Malgobeksky is under the control of Magas.

2. Suburban area

In the fall of 1992, a dispute over the ownership of the Prigorodny district resulted in an armed conflict between Ossetians and Ingush, which stopped only after the introduction of federal troops and claimed the lives of over 500 people. The area was transferred to North Ossetia in 1944 after the deportation of the Ingush and the liquidation of the Chechen-Ingush autonomy. The conflict remains frozen, and the issue of the return of refugees who fled their homes in 1992 has not been resolved.

3. Norilsk

Since 1992, the authorities of the Krasnoyarsk Territory and the Taimyr Autonomous Okrug have been arguing about the distribution of taxes from the Norilsk MMC. The fact is that Norilsk, located on the territory of the Okrug, was transferred to regional subordination in 1953 by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR. Twice - in 1995 and 2002 - the presidents of the Russian Federation personally intervened in the dispute and supported Krasnoyarsk. After the latest aggravation, the idea of ​​uniting the regions arose, its implementation brought the conflict to naught.

4. Sokolsky district

In February 1994, the Federation Council approved the transfer of the Sokolsky district of the Ivanovo region to the jurisdiction of the Nizhny Novgorod region. Local residents have been seeking this since the 1950s, since after the filling of the Gorky Reservoir they found themselves cut off from the main territory of the Ivanovo region. In 1993, a local referendum was held in which 80 percent of participants were in favor of the transition. After this, the regional authorities agreed to change the borders.

5. Sheremetyevo, Shcherbinka and MKAD

Since the mid-1990s, Moscow and the Moscow region have been unable to agree on the ownership of about 30 sites. The prerequisite has traditionally been the legal uncertainty of the Soviet era. The most heated disputes revolved around the territory of Sheremetyevo Airport (in 2006, the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation assigned it to the Moscow region), 390 hectares in Shcherbinka (in 2008, the Supreme Court gave it to Moscow) and lands adjacent to the outer side of the Moscow Ring Road. Only in 2011, as part of the process of Moscow’s expansion, the parties agreed to resolve mutual claims.

6. Black lands

In January 2003, the Presidium of the Supreme Arbitration Court declared Kalmykia's claims to the "Black Lands" - 390,000 hectares on the border with the Astrakhan region - illegal. The case was initiated by Elista, who had been trying to get these territories for a long time. The origins of the dispute lie in the events of the 1940-1950s, when the Kalmyk ASSR was temporarily liquidated and its lands were divided between its neighbors. In 2004, after lengthy negotiations, Kalmykia also renounced its claims to seven islands in the Caspian Sea, including Maly Zhemchuzhny.

7. Mouth of the Nemda River

In December 2006, the Kostroma Regional Duma appealed to the president with a request to resolve a dispute with the Ivanovo region about the passage of the border in the area of ​​​​the mouth of the Nemda River, rich in fish. The conflict began in 1956, when by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR the estuary was assigned to the Kostroma region, and on a map compiled on the basis of the decree - to Ivanovo region. In 2007, Kostroma residents prepared an appeal to the Constitutional Court, but its filing was not reported. The last negotiations between the parties took place in 2011.

8. Village Zarechnoye

In February 2007, the Federation Council approved the transfer of the village of Zarechnoye, which was previously part of the Amur Region, to the Jewish Autonomous Region. The settlement was originally located on the territory of the Jewish Autonomous Region, but in the 1940s, due to a cartographer’s error, it fell under the control of its neighbors. In 2006, at a village meeting, residents of Zarechny voted to move under the jurisdiction of Birobidzhan, which provided them with light, heat, communications and transport. But Blagoveshchensk still has arable land under its jurisdiction, which villagers now have to rent.

9. Villages of Central and Gruzdevsky

In 2008, the governors of the Nizhny Novgorod and Vladimir regions created a working group to resolve the issue around the villages of Tsentralny and Gruzdevsky, as well as the Bolshoye peat enterprise. The situation arose because, as a result of expansion, settlements crossed the administrative border. The issue is supposed to be resolved through an exchange: Central will completely go to the Nizhny Novgorod region, and Gruzdevsky and Bolshoye to the Vladimir region.

10. Pastures in the Neftekumsky district

In 2012, the plenipotentiary mission of the President of the Russian Federation in the North Caucasus Federal District began resolving a dispute over the ownership of pastures in the Neftekumsky district of Stavropol. In 1954, by resolution of the USSR Council of Ministers, these lands were transferred to Dagestan collective farms. In the 1990s, they came under regional subordination, and in 2009, local authorities handed over the plots to Stavropol tenants on the basis of a competition. Attempts by the Dagestan farms that previously occupied them to defend their right in the courts were unsuccessful. A working group has been created to resolve the dispute.

List of territories about which there are disputes and whose sovereignty is in question. This category contains information about territories that do not independently claim the status of a separate sovereign state, and disputes between recognized and partially recognized states are considered as disputes between recognized states.
EUROPE
1. Lake Constance is a latent conflict about the ownership of the lake between Austria, Germany and Switzerland.
2. Veliki Shkolzh and Mali Shkolzh - administered by Croatia, disputed by Bosnia and Herzegovina.
3. The summit of Mont Blanc - a dispute about the ownership of the peak between France and Italy.
4.Military complex near Sveta Gera, in the region of Žumberak - administered by Slovenia, disputed by Croatia.
5. Gibraltar - Spain claims that the territory belongs to it under the Treaty of Utrecht. Operated by Great Britain.
6.Piran Bay – a long-running dispute between Slovenia and Croatia.
7. Ivangorod and Pechersk region - Russia recognized them as part of Estonia under the Treaty of Tartu 1920. After the fall of the Soviet Union, the region remained with Russia. Formally, Estonia has no claims in this area.
8.Imia or Kardak is part of the Aegean dispute between Greece and Turkey.
9.Carlingford Lough is a border dispute between Ireland and Great Britain.
10. Lough Foyle - border dispute between Ireland and Great Britain.
11. The settlements of Vasilyevka, Dorotskoye, Kochieri, Koshnitsa, Novaya Molovata, Pogrebya, Pyryta, Kopanka and part of the city of Bendery (village Varnitsa) - controlled by Moldova, disputed by the Transnistrian Moldavian Republic
12.The area around the Montmalus peak - between Andorra and Spain.
13. Olivenza - administered by Spain, disputed by Portugal.
14. Vukovar Island - administered by Croatia, disputed by Serbia.
15.Tuzla Island and the Kerch Strait have been disputed between Ukraine and Russia since 2003.
16. The island of Sherengrad - during the existence of Yugoslavia, it was part of Croatia. During the war it was controlled by the armed forces of the Serbian Krajina. After the war, it came under the control of Serbia and is disputed by Croatia.
17.Isthmus between Gibraltar and Spain - Spain claims that Britain is illegally occupying the territory because it was not included in the Treaty of Utrecht.
18. Prevlaka – administered by Croatia, disputed by Montenegro.
19.The Danube area, parts of the Osijek and Sombor areas – dispute between Croatia and Serbia.
20. Sarych – administered by Ukraine, disputed by Russia. The conflict is based on the division of the Black Sea Fleet and the lease agreement for Sevastopol facilities.
21. Sastavsi - administered by Serbia, disputed by Bosnia and Herzegovina.
22.Northern Kosovo - under local government and controlled by KFOR, disputed by the Republic of Kosovo and Serbia.
23.Rockall Rock - administered by Great Britain, disputed by Ireland, Denmark (Faroe Islands) and Iceland.
24. The mouth of the Ems and the western part of Dollart Bay - a dispute between the Netherlands and Germany.
25. The Aegean dispute is a wide range of controversial issues regarding the ownership of national airspace, territorial waters and the exclusive economic zone between Greece and Turkey.
ASIA AND OCEANIA
1.Aasal, Al-Qaa, Al-Qasr, Deir Al-Aashayer, Kfar Kouk and Tufail - disputed territory between Lebanon and Syria.
2. "Point 20", a small piece of land reclaimed from the sea in Singapore - Malaysia claims it is in its territorial waters.
3. Abu Musa - administered by Iran, disputed by the United Arab Emirates.
4.The Azerbaijani exclaves of Karki, Yukhari, Askipara, Bakhudarli and Yaradullu are controlled by Armenia after the Nagorno-Karabakh war.
5. Aksai Chin - ruled by China, disputed by India.
6.Albert Mayer - administered by Tonga, disputed by New Zealand
7. Bhutanese enclaves in Tibet (Cherkip Gompa, Dungmar, Gesur, Gezon, Itse Gompa, Khochar, Nyanri, Ringang, Sanmar, Tarchen and Zufilphuk) - administered by China, disputed by Bhutan.
8. Artsvashen/Bashkend is an exclave of the Gegharkunik region of Armenia, held by Azerbaijan after the Nagorno-Karabakh war.
9. Beveridge - administered by Tonga, disputed by Niue (an associated state with New Zealand)
10.Great Tunb and Lesser Tunb - administered by Iran, disputed by the United Arab Emirates.
11.Boraibari - administered by Bangladesh, disputed by India.
12. Gilgit-Baltistan - administered by Pakistan, disputed by India.
13.Golan Heights - Syrian territory captured by Israel in 1967 and annexed by Israel in 1981.
14.The Bakdu Mountains are a disputed territory between North Korea and China, which is also claimed by Taiwan and South Korea.
15.Daihata-Dumabari - administered by India, disputed by Bangladesh.
16.Demchok, Chumar, Kaurik, Shipki Pass, Jadh and Lapphal are disputed areas located between Aksai Chin and Nepal, controlled by India but disputed by China and Taiwan. Demchok controls China.
17. Jammu and Kashmir - divided between Pakistan, India and China, disputed by India and Pakistan.
18.Doi Lang - administered by Burma, disputed by Thailand.
19. Isfara Valley - administered by Kyrgyzstan, disputed by Tajikistan.
20.Shaksgam Valley - administered by China, disputed by India.
21.Indo-Bangladeshi Enclaves - There are 103 Indian enclaves within main body of Bangladesh while there are 71 Bangladeshi enclaves within main body of India. In 1974, Bangladesh approved a proposed treaty to exchange all enclaves in each other's territories, but India never ratified it.
22.Karang Unarang is a disputed territory between Indonesia and Malaysia.
23. Korean Peninsula - Northern and Southern territories consider each other's territory to be theirs.
24. Kula Kngri and mountainous areas west of this peak, western Haa region - administered by China, disputed by Bhutan.
25. Siachin Glacier and Saltoro region - captured by India in 1984, they are disputed by Pakistan.
26. Durand Line is a tribal area partly ruled by Pakistan and Afghanistan, Afghanistan claims all lands inhabited by Pashtuns.
27. Lifitila - administered by India, disputed by Bangladesh.
28.Minerva - ruled by Tonga, disputed by Fiji
29.Monastery complex of David Gereji - border dispute between Georgia and Azerbaijan.
30.Small parts of Oecusse region - administered by East Timor, disputed by Indonesia.
31. Some islands on the Naf River are disputed between Bangladesh and Burma.
32.Several areas in the Fergana Valley are disputed between Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan.
33. Niloson (Lancaster) - disputed by France (French Polynesia).
34. Oarukh and Umm Al-Maradim - administered by Kuwait, disputed by Saudi Arabia.
35. Kalapani region, Sasta River dispute, Antudanda and Nawalparasi - administered by India, disputed by Nepal.
36.The Prachin Buri region is disputed between Thailand and Cambodia.
37. Revival Island (now a peninsula) is a disputed territory between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.
38. Swains Island - administered by the US, disputed by Takelau, which is dependent on New Zealand, which also does not recognize US sovereignty over the island.
39. Hawar Island - administered by Bahrain, disputed by Qatar
40. South Talpatti Island or New Moore, a come and go island that was disputed between India and Bangladesh from the 1970s to the 2000s, still affects the uncertainty of the maritime boundary.
41. Islands in the Torres Strait between Australia's Cape York Peninsula and New Guinea Island - administered by Australia, disputed by Papua New Guinea
42. Macclesfield Islands - administered by China, disputed by Taiwan and Vietnam.
43. Matthew and Hunter Islands – disputed between Vanuatu and France.
44. Senkaku Islands (Daoyu Islands) - administered by Japan, disputed by China and Taiwan.
45. The Spratly Islands are disputed between China, Taiwan, Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia and Brunei.
46. ​​The islands of Ukatny, Rigid and the disputed island of Malozhemchuzhny - administered by Russia, disputed by Kazakhstan.
47. Huria Miruya Islands - administered by Oman, disputed by Yemen.
48. Paracel Islands - completely controlled by China, disputed by Taiwan and Vietnam.
49. Three Pagoda Pass – disputed between Burma and Thailand.
50.Pirdiwah – Administered by India, disputed by Bangladesh.
51.Border dispute between Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates.
52.Pratas - administered by China, disputed by Taiwan.
53. Pulau Batek - transferred by Timor to Indonesia as compensation in 2004.
54.Various territories: Dac German, Dac Dang, La Dranc zone, Bae, Milyu, Eyu, Peak, and North Piratis islands are disputed between Vietnam and Cambodia.
55. Muharaja River Island - controlled by India but disputed by Bangladesh.
56.Minerva Reefs - administered by Tonga but claimed by Fiji.
57.Sabah (North Barneo) - administered by Malaysia. The Philippines maintains a claim to Sabah on the grounds that it is a historical part of the Sultanate of Sulu, of which the Philippines is the successor country.
58. Gaza Strip - ruled by Hamas, contested by the Palestinian National Authority, formed from representatives of Fatah
59. The village of Perevi - in Soviet times, was partially part of the South Ossetian Autonomous Region, on the basis of which part of the village (the so-called Maly Perev) is considered by the South Ossetian authorities to be the territory of the republic. The reason for the controversial status is the impossibility of access to the Georgian part of the village, bypassing the South Ossetian one. In 2008-2010 Perevi was completely controlled by Russia. Since 2010, it has been transferred to the control of Georgia (including Maly Perev).
60. The village of Aibga, Gagra region of Abkhazia with the adjacent territory (160 sq. km) - is disputed by Russia as part of the single village of Aibga, divided in Soviet times by the administrative border along the Psou River between the RSFSR and the Georgian SSR. Controlled by Abkhazia.
61. Liancourt Rocks - administered by South Korea, disputed by Japan.
62.Scarborough - administered by China, disputed by the Philippines and Taiwan.
63.Sir Creek - small areas of swamp land, disputed between India and Pakistan.
64.Teva-i-Ra (formerly Conway) - administered by Fiji, disputed by France (New Caledonia)
65.Tuva - administered by Russia, disputed by Taiwan
66. Wake - administered by the United States, disputed by the Marshall Islands.
67. Fasht Ad-Dibal and Qitat Jaradeh - disputes between Bahrain and Qatar, not included in the division in the judgments of the International Court of 2001.
68.Shabaa Farms is a disputed territory between Israel and Syria, which is also claimed by Lebanon.
69.Jiandao - administered by China, disputed by Taiwan, North Korea and South Korea.
70.Part of Poipet Commune - administered by Thailand, disputed by Cambodia.
71.Part of the sovereign base of Akrotiri - administered by Great Britain, disputed by Cyprus.
72.Part of the sovereign base of Dhakelia - administered by the UK, disputed by Cyprus.
73.Shatt Al Arab is a disputed territory between Iraq and Iran.
74.Southern Kuril Islands - administered by Russia, disputed by Japan.
75.Southern Tibet - Administered by India but disputed by China and Taiwan, which do not recognize the legitimacy of the McMahon Line.
AFRICA
1.Abyei - Both Sudan and South Sudan claim the area, but Sudan controls it after South Sudan declared independence in 2011.
2. Bakassi - the area was transferred to Cameroon by Nigeria by decision of the International Court of Justice and the conclusion of the Greentree Agreement.
3.Banque du Geyser - France claims that the islands are part of a group of islands in the Indian Ocean within the French Southern and Antarctic Lands. Disputed by Madagascar and Comoros.
4.Basas da India, Europa Island and João de Nova Island are de facto part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands, disputed by Madagascar.
5.Bure – administered by Ethiopia, disputed by Eritrea.
6.The Caprivi Strip is a disputed territory between Botswana, Namibia, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
7.Ceuta - administered by Spain, disputed by Morocco.
8.Chagos Archipelago - Great Britain administers the archipelago within the British Indian Ocean Territory. Disputed by Mauritius and Seychelles.
9.Part of Gicumbi District, Northern Province - Administered by Rwanda, disputed by Uganda.
10. The Glorieuse Islands are de facto part of the French Southern and Antarctic lands, disputed by Madagascar, Seychelles and Comoros.
11.Halaib Triangle - was previously under the joint governance of Egypt and Sudan. Egypt now claims full control.
12.Heglig – claimed by both Sudan and South Sudan, controlled by South Sudan, internationally recognized as part of Sudan.
13. Ilemi Triangle - administered by Kenya, disputed by South Sudan.
14. Islas Chafarinas - administered by Spain, disputed by Morocco.
15. Jodha - claimed by both Sudan and South Sudan, controlled by South Sudan.
16.Part of the Kabale region - administered by Uganda, disputed by Rwanda.
17.Kafia Kingi - claimed by both Sudan and South Sudan, controlled by South Sudan.
18.Kaka - claimed by both Sudan and South Sudan, controlled by South Sudan.
19.Ka-Ngwane - controlled by South Africa. Swaziland claims the territory was confiscated during the colonial wars.
20.Part of the Kahemba region is a disputed area between Angola and the Democratic Republic of Congo. The countries agreed to end the dispute in July 2007, but the issue has not been fully resolved.
21.The village of Koualou is disputed between Benin and Burkina Faso.
22.Village of Kpeaba – Guinean troops have occupied the village since January 2013, but de jure belongs to Côte d’Ivoire.
23. Moyo district, area near Logoba - disputed between South Sudan and Uganda.
24. Lanchinda-Pweto Province - administered by Zambia, disputed by the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
25. Islands in Mbamba Bay and Lake Nyasa - administered by Tanzania, disputed by Malawi based on the Anglo-German treaty of 1890.
26.The islands of Mbanje, Cocotiers and Congo are disputed between Gabon and Equatorial Guinea.
27.Melilla - administered by Spain, disputed by Morocco.
28. The surrounding area of ​​Migingo Island and further north, near the islands of Lolwe, Owasi, Remba, Ringiti and Sigulu in Lake Victoria are disputed between Kenya and Uganda.
29. Ogaden - belongs to Ethiopia, but is inhabited by ethnic Somalis, which became the reason for the claim from Somalia. This was the reason for two Ogaden wars - 1962 and 1977.
30. Several islands on the Ntem River are disputed between Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea.
31.Several villages near the Okpara River are disputed between Benin and Nigeria.
32.Orange River Border - Namibia claims the border runs down the middle of the river, while South Africa claims it lies along the northern bank.
33. Peñon de Alusemas - administered by Spain, disputed by Morocco.
34. Peñon de Vélez de la Gomera – administered by Spain, disputed by Morocco.
35.Perejil Island - administered by Spain, disputed by Morocco. After the 2002 incident, both countries agreed to return to the status quo of the previous incident.
36. Ras Doumeira and Doumeira Island - administered by Eritrea, disputed by Djibouti.
37. The Rufunzo and Sabanerwa valleys are disputed between Rwanda and Burundi.
38. Rukwanzi Island and the Semliki River Valley are disputed between Congo and Uganda.
39. Sindabesi Island - administered by Zambia, disputed by Zimbabwe.
40.Soqotra Archipelago - Somalia does not officially claim the archipelago, but has asked the UN to look into the “status” of the archipelago, whether it should belong to Yemen or Somalia.
41.Southeastern Algeria - disputed by Libya.
42. Tiran and Sanafir Islands - administered by Egypt, disputed by Saudi Arabia.
43. Tromelin Island is de facto part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands, disputed by Mauritius and the Seychelles.
44. Tsorona-Zalambessa is a disputed territory between Ethiopia and Eritrea.
45.Wadi Halfa - administered by Egypt, disputed by Sudan.
46. ​​Yenga coast, left bank of the Macona and Moa rivers - administered by Sierra Leone, disputed by Guinea.
47.Badme - the reason for the 1998 Ethiopian-Eritrean war. Currently under Ethiopian control.
48. Mayotte - in a 2009 referendum, the population decided to become an overseas department of France, but the Comoros Islands lay claim to the territory.
49.Southeastern part of Western Sahara - administered by Morocco, disputed by Western Sahara.

NORTH AMERICA
1. Hans Island - Canada and Denmark (on behalf of Greenland) claim ownership of the island.
2. Continental shelf in the eastern Gulf of Mexico beyond 200 miles - the ownership of a small gap beyond the 200 nautical miles of the economic zones of the United States, Cuba and Mexico has not yet been definitively determined.
3. Machias Seal Island - US and Canada cannot determine ownership.
4.North Rock - USA and Canada cannot determine ownership.
5. Strait of Juan de Fuca - US and Canada cannot determine ownership.
6. Dixon Entrance - The United States and Canada cannot determine ownership.
7.Portland Channel - US and Canada cannot determine ownership.
8. Beaufort Sea - US and Canada cannot determine ownership.
9. The Northwest Passage and some other Arctic waters are in Canadian territorial waters, but the United States claims navigation rights
CENTRAL AMERICA
1. Isla Aves - administered by Venezuela, Dominica renounced claims to the island in 2006, but continues to lay claim to the surrounding seas.
2. Bajo Nuevo - governed by Colombia. Honduras recognized the sovereignty of Colombia, Nicaragua, Jamaica and the United States did not.
3. The southern half of Belize is disputed by Guatemala, which previously claimed all of Belize.
4. Northern part of Calero Island - administered by Costa Rica, disputed by Nicaragua.
5. Conejo Island - administered by Honduras, disputed by El Salvador.
6. Navassa - administered by the United States, disputed by Haiti.
7.Sapodilla Cay - administered by Belize, disputed by Guatemla and Honduras.
8. Serranilla - Jamaica recognized the sovereignty of Colombia, Honduras, Nicaragua and the United States do not recognize it.
SOUTH AMERICA
1.Guyana West of the Essequibo River - Venezuela and Guyana have overlapping claims to the maritime zone. Barbados and Guyana also signed an agreement on joint cooperation in this area.
2. Ancoca Islands - administered by Venezuela, disputed by Guyana.
3. Arroyo de la Invernada (Rincon de Artigas) and Vila Albornoz - Uruguay disputes 237 sq. km. the Invernada river near the Masoller region.
4. Falkland Islands (Malvinas) - administered by Great Britain, disputed by Argentina.
5. French Guiana west of the Marouini River - administered by France, disputed by Suriname.
6.Guaira Falls (Set Quidas) - disputed islands, partially controlled by Brazil and Paraguay, were flooded by the Itaipu Reservoir.
7. Guyana east of the upper arm of Quarantine - administered by Guyana, disputed by Suriname.
8. Isla Brasiliera - Administered by Brazil, but Uruguayan officials claim the island is part of their Artigas department.
9.Isla Suarez - administered by Bolivia, disputed by Brazil.
10.Maritime boundary of the Gulf of Venezuela - Colombia claims that it has a right to the waters in this gulf.
11.South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands - administered by Great Britain, disputed by Argentina.
12. The ice field of Southern Patagonia between Monte Fitz Roy and Cerro Murallion - the border has not yet been officially defined, however, both Argentina and Chile have their own claims here.

Territorial dispute is an international dispute between states over the legal ownership of a certain territory. Demarcation disagreements between the parties, as well as a unilateral territorial claim, are not a territorial dispute.

Currently, approximately 50 countries around the world dispute certain territories with their neighbors. According to the calculations of American researcher Daniel Pipes, there are 20 such disputes in Africa, 19 in Europe, 12 in the Middle East, and 8 in Latin America.

In the post-Soviet space, the most serious territorial dispute arose due to Nagorno-Karabakh, a territory in southwestern Azerbaijan inhabited by Armenians. In 1991-1994. There was a war between Armenia and Azerbaijan over the territory of Nagorno-Karabakh. Nowadays, Nagorno-Karabakh is a de facto independent state, calling itself the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. Azerbaijan and the international community consider Nagorno-Karabakh to be part of Azerbaijan.

In December 1963, due to the aggravation of relations between the Greek Cypriots and the Turks caused by outside interference in internal affairs Cyprus, the joint activities of the Greek and Turkish members of the House of Representatives ceased. Turkish Cypriots do not participate in the work of the House of Representatives, the Council of Ministers and other government bodies of Cyprus. The Greek Community Chamber was abolished in March 1965. The Turkish Cypriots created a “temporary Turkish administration” in December 1967.

The Executive Council of the “Turkish Provisional Administration”, headed by the Vice-President of the Republic, exercised executive power in the Turkish regions of Cyprus. On February 13, 1975, the leadership of the Turkish community unilaterally proclaimed the so-called “Turkish Federative State of Cyprus” in the northern part of the island. Rauf Denktash was elected as the “first president” of the “Turkish Federative State of Cyprus”. In June 1975, the Turkish community approved the constitution of this “state”. On November 15, 1983, the legislative assembly of the “Turkish Federative State of Cyprus” unilaterally proclaimed the so-called. an independent Turkish Cypriot state called the “Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus”. The “Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus” is still recognized only by Turkey.

Some islands of the Kuril chain are the subject of Japanese territorial claims to Russia. The Japanese link the conclusion of a peace treaty with solving the problem Southern Kuriles.

Kashmir is a disputed area in the far north of the Indian subcontinent. India lays claim to its entire territory. Pakistan and China dispute India's rights, with Pakistan initially claiming ownership of the entire area and now effectively incorporating northwestern Kashmir. The northeastern part of Kashmir is under Chinese control. The rest is occupied by the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir.

One of the most important problems in relations between China and India over the past fifty years remains the unresolved territorial border dispute around Tibet. On August 25, 1959, the first widely publicized Sino-Indian armed incident occurred. Following this incident, China presented significant territorial claims to India.

The conflict between Syria and Israel has not been resolved Golan Heights. In 1967 they were occupied by Israel. In 1973, the UN established a buffer zone between Syrian and Israeli forces. In 1981, the heights were annexed by Israel. The new status is not recognized by the international community.

Argentina claims Falkland Islands (Malvinas) in the South Atlantic. Disputes between Argentina and Great Britain over the ownership of the islands began in the early 19th century, when the first British settlers appeared on the islands.

Territorial dispute erupts between Canada and Denmark Hans Islands, located near Greenland. Large deposits of oil and gas have been discovered on the shelf between Greenland and Hans, and both countries lay claim to these resources.

Strategically important islands Bassa da India, Europa, Juan de Nova and Glorioso(Indian Ocean near the African coast of Madagascar) are the subject of a dispute between France and Madagascar. Now controlled by France.

In December 1996 Imia rocks(Greek name) or Kardak (Turkish) in the Aegean Sea became the reason for the conflict between Greece and Turkey. The conflict was stopped by the international community, but both countries did not give up their claims.

Chagos Archipelago in the Indian Ocean, consisting of 65 islands, the largest of which is Diego Garcia, with an area of ​​40 square meters. km, is the subject of a dispute between Mauritius and the UK.

Spratly Archipelago in the Pacific - a subject of dispute between China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Malaysia and the Philippines. Part of the archipelago has also been claimed by Brunei since 1984. The struggle for these islands has repeatedly led to armed conflicts. In particular, in 1974, a naval battle took place between the Chinese and South Vietnamese navies.

Paracel Islands in the South China Sea are the subject of dispute between China and Vietnam. China captured the islands in 1974 and is currently home to an air force base built by China.

Senkaku Islands in the East China Sea are now the subject of dispute between Japan, China and Taiwan, but are controlled by the Japanese Navy. Oil reserves were discovered near them.

Islands in Corisco Bay on the coast of West Africa, the largest of which is Bagne Island, with an area of ​​several hundred square meters, are the subject of a dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Gabon. The reason for the dispute is the unsettled state borders that were formed during the colonial era.

San Andres Islands And Providencia in the Caribbean are the subject of a dispute between Nicaragua and Colombia. This territorial dispute is extremely difficult to resolve, because the maritime borders of not only Nicaragua and Colombia, but also Costa Rica, Honduras, Jamaica and Panama depend on the ownership of the islands.

Island Abu Musa and the Tanb Islands (Indian Ocean, Persian Gulf, Strait of Hormuzd) - the subject of a dispute between Iran and the United Arab Emirates. The islands are now controlled by Iran, which took control of them in 1971. The conflict between Iran and the UAE periodically flares up and enters the phase of exchanging harsh statements.

The dispute proceeds most peacefully over territory of Antarctica, claimed by seven states: Australia, France, Norway, New Zealand, Argentina, Chile and Great Britain, with the latter three countries disputing a number of territories of the ice continent from each other. Since all claimants to the territory are parties to the Atlantic Treaty, signed in 1959, which recognizes the sixth continent as a weapons-free zone of peace and international cooperation, it is practically impossible for these disputes to move into a military stage.

The material was prepared based on information from RIA Novosti and open sources