Yalta is a city in the Crimea. Big Yalta. Food. What to try

The southern coast of Crimea is a wonderful place that has attracted people for several centuries. , the unofficial capital of this region, is growing every year, occupying the surrounding mountains, merging with neighboring villages.

The concept of big Yalta has already appeared:   more than 70 kilometers. Big Yalta in the east begins with Gurzuf, and ends in Foros in the west. The structure of Big Yalta includes the city of Alupka, 7 large resorts and many small resort villages.

The boundaries between them are almost erased. On a small stretch of the peninsula there are many palaces, mansions, churches, parks and other interesting sights.

Gurzuf

It is probably no coincidence that among the many empty valleys of the southern coast of Crimea, the first Russians chose Gurzuf. Manors were built here, parks were laid out, and one of the first resorts in Russia was opened.

A small part of the old city with narrow, curved streets, a magnificent park with fountains of the 19th century, the dachas of K. Korovin and A. Chekhov, which today are turned into museums and many other interesting corners that are pleasant for walking, has been preserved since then.

Mount Bear   - a symbol not only of Gurzuf, but of the whole Crimea. A bear drinking water from the sea is visible from almost anywhere in the village.

  You can climb or drive to the top of the mountain and enjoy stunning views of the sea and coast.

In Gurzuf there are several houses of creativity of artists and writers. This place has an extraordinary aura, which is so needed for work and creativity.

  From Yalta to Gurzuf 18 kilometers. You can get there by bus from the bus station of Yalta or by minibus No. 31. The journey takes about an hour.

Massandra

Massandra is a small, cozy village very close to the outskirts of Yalta. To develop this place, like all villages of the southern coast of Crimea, began in the 19th century.

  The wineries still existing here, which were the first in the Crimea to produce European-quality wines, brought glory to Massandra.

Massandra's famous wine cellars are still the main object of interest for tourists. Tours come from all over Crimea to visit cellars, taste famous Massandra wines and, of course, to buy your favorite wines.

  - the most unknown royal residence. As a museum, the palace was opened relatively recently.

For many years after the revolution, the palace was the state cottage of the first persons of the state, and therefore is well preserved.

The magnificent Massandra park pleases tourists today. This park is a true masterpiece of landscape architecture.

  From the center of Yalta to Massandra only 5 kilometers. You can get there by bus number 44 or minibus number 3 in just 5-10 minutes, if the road is clear.

Livadia

On the slope of Mount Mogabi, 3 kilometers from Yalta, is the village of Livadia. In the 70s of the 19th century, Livadia became the summer residence of the Russian Tsar Alexander III.

  For the royal family, the Big and Small palaces were built. Earlier, the first owners laid vineyards, and wine production began.

In a large area, a park with rare plants was set up, a fruit garden was planted, and a greenhouse was set up. When the royal family rested in the summer in Livadia, outsiders were strictly prohibited from entering the residence. Even the passage along the Yalta-Sevastopol road was blocked.

After the revolution in 1925, a sanatorium was opened in Levadia, which still exists.
  During the German occupation, the Big so-called White Livadia Palace.

  In February 1945, the famous Yalta Conference was held here. After years of restoration work in 1974, the White Palace was opened for excursions.
  In Livadia there is a center of organ music "Livadia".

Livadia is located on a mountain, the village rises above the sea by about 100 meters. Walking down the stairs every day is not a very pleasant activity.

  For descent to the beach, you can use elevators, which are 300 meters from the village. Elevators are paid, have 2 lines, and are delivered to the free beach.

Livadia beach is large-pebble, with a small number of sunbeds. Water in the sea, unlike Yalta, is very clean.

You can get from Yalta to Livadia by minibuses:

• No. 11 from the bus station of Yalta;
• No. 27 Yalta-Alupka;
• No. 55 Massandra - Livalia;
• No. 32, 47 from the clothing market.

The border between Yalta and Livadia is conditional, travel time is not more than 10 minutes.

Oreanda

The name of the village was given by the surrounding rocks. The word "oreanda" means rocky. The resort is 6 kilometers from Yalta. Most of the village, Lower Oreanda, is located by the sea.

  Since 1825, the village was owned by the Romanov family. Until now, here passes the "Sun Trail", which originates in the Livadia Park, and ends in a white rotunda gazebo.

Here, Nicholas I built the first palace in the Crimea, which, after his death, the palace passed to the Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich.

30 years after construction, the palace burned down. After the fire, the remaining stones were built

The most interesting attraction of Oreanda is the mast rock.

  A huge rock near the seashore is split into two parts. Inside one of them there is a grotto in which a parking lot of a primitive man was found.

In Lower Oreanda, there are many resorts that have a common beach called "Golden Beach".

A small pebble beach stretches 400 meters between Livadia and Ai-Todor Cape, similar to the trident of Neptune.
  The cliffs over Oreanda protect it from the north winds.

The magnificent Oreanda Park, with many evergreens, makes this small village a great place to relax. There is a Chekhov bench in the park. The writer often walked in the park, and the action of many of his stories takes place here, in particular, the meeting of the heroes of the story "Lady with the Dog."

You can get from Yalta by any minibus from the Yalta bus station towards Alupka. The road Yalta - Alupka passes through the village.

Gaspra

Gaspra, which is located 10 kilometers from Yalta, is considered one of the best resorts on the southern coast of Crimea.

Gaspra has virtually no borders with the neighboring villages of Miskhor and Koreiz. Gaspra has many resorts that operate all year round.

The abundance of cedars, junipers and cypresses makes the air healing. Doctors recommend that people with pulmonary diseases spend at least 2 weeks a year here.

Gaspra has many attractions, the most famous of which is the Swallow's Nest castle. This castle on a rock is one of the famous symbols of Crimea.

Now the castle is closed for restoration, but the observation deck around it is open. It offers a beautiful view of the surroundings.

In Gaspra, there are very ancient and rare monuments - Taurus necropolises and the Roman fortress Haraks, which were built before our era.

Sanatorium "Yasnaya Polyana" before the revolution was a palace belonging to Prince Golitsin and Countess Panina. In 1901-1902, Leo Tolstoy rested here. The sanatorium has a museum room of L. Tolstoy and a memorial plaque.
  The building of the sanatorium "Yasnaya Polyana" is a palace with octagonal side towers, which are crowned with battlements and entwined with ivy. The building is very decorated with lancet windows.

From Gaspra to Livadia passes the Royal Trail, which was a favorite place for walks of the family of Tsar Nicholas II.

In Gaspra, there is the Aytodor lighthouse, built in 1835 on the spot where the Roman signal tower was located.
Y. Tyurin, lighthouse keeper, created a museum of marine life items: ship bells, sea charts, photographs and marine life items.

A unique tree grows on top of Ai-Todor - a pistachio, which is more than 1000 years old. This amazing tree is one of the oldest in the Crimea.

The beaches of the sanatoriums of Gaspra are pebble. They are well equipped with umbrellas, sunbeds, changing rooms, showers and toilets.

Natural, “wild” beaches on the southern coast of Crimea are very rare. In Gaspra, they are, and of dark shale sand mixed with gravel. Pebbles have been added to the beach ground to protect the beaches.

From the promenade of Gaspra to Yalta, you can get a pleasure boat or boat. Also, all three major roads along the southern coast of Crimea pass through Gaspra. From Yalta to Gaspra can be reached by minibuses No. 47 (Yalta - Koreiz), No. 26 (Yalta - Simeiz), No. 32, 27 (Yalta - Alupka), or by bus Yalta - Foros.

Koreiz

  The history of Koreiz, a small village 12 kilometers from Yalta, began in the 30s of the 19th century. The estate was acquired by Princess A.S. Golitsin, who was exiled to Crimea for religious views.

According to the project of architects K. Eshlishman and F. Elson, a manor and an Orthodox church were built. At the beginning of the 20th century, Prince Yusupov bought the manor and built a magnificent Art Nouveau palace near the old manor house.

Yusupov Palace is one of the most luxurious in the Crimea. The palace was designed by architect Krasnov from local stone, gray marble-like limestone, whose deposit is in Gaspra.

The architecture of the palace is eclectic: white enamel panels, Viennese chairs and corner sofas are adjacent to the marble lions brought from Italy. The palace is surrounded by a magnificent park, which occupies more than 16 hectares. Ornamental plants grow in the park, many of which are rare.

In Koreiz there is another remarkable monument - the Dulber Palace. It was built in the late 19th century for the Grand Duke Peter Nikolaevich Romanov, uncle of Emperor Nicholas II. The Moorish style of the palace distinguishes it from the Crimean palace buildings. Peter Romanov borrowed ideas for building while traveling around the Middle East. The amazing castle is decorated with domes and battlements; above the entrance to the passage you can see a saying from the Koran. The palace is surrounded by a picturesque park with palm trees, bamboo groves, plane trees and pistachio trees.
  Currently, the palace is a sanatorium.

Ai-Petrinsky massif rises above Koreiz. The slopes are covered with forest from the famous Crimean pine, and the Ai-Petri battlements look like the ruins of medieval castles or dragons.

You can get to Koreiz from Yalta by bus No. 47. The bus leaves from the square near the Yalta clothing market.

Foros

Foros is one of the oldest settlements on the southern coast of Crimea. It was founded by the Greeks in the 5th century BC. Information about Foros can be found in the treasury lists of Genoa.

After the conquest of Crimea by Russia, the estate of Foros was acquired by A. Kuznetsov, the porcelain and tea king. For a long stay, the Kuznetsov family built a two-story mansion in the style of classicism. The interior of the mansion was quite luxurious. The best craftsmen were invited to design it. 15 wall panels by the artist J. Clover have survived to this day. Today the mansion is one of the buildings of the sanatorium.

At the same time, the Foros park was laid down. The basis of the park was the forests that grew on the slopes of the mountains. The most famous place in the park is “Paradise”. There are 6 artificial lakes, picturesquely located at different levels.

The construction of the magnificent Foros Church of the Resurrection of Christ is also connected with the name of Kuznetsov. It is located on the Red Rock and rises above the sea for 400 meters. The snow-white Byzantine-style cross-domed temple is built of brick. In accordance with Byzantine traditions, the interior of the temple is striking in luxury: frescoes, mosaics, marble cladding.
  The church offers beautiful views of Foros, Cape Chekhov, the wonderful Tikhaya Bay.

Foros and Yalta are separated by 38 kilometers, which can be reached by minibus No. 28 from the bus station.

Big Yalta is a magnificent resort region with dozens of resort villages, many palaces, unique parks, a huge number of resorts and a wonderful, warm sea. Rest here is a real holiday.

Yalta - the gateway to summer recreation of the peninsula, the main resort of Crimea. It is here that most of the tourists who come to Crimea prefer to relax. The main influx of tourists is observed from May to October, even when a hot summer vacation is replaced by a pleasant velvet season. located on the south coast between Cape Ai Todor and Montador. Big Yalta is also distinguished, stretching from Gurzuf to Foros.

The name of the city comes from the word "Yialos" - from the Greek "coast". There are other interpretations of the name that have Turkic roots.

Previously, the city was called Yalita, Kallita, Jalita. The first mention of it dates back to the middle of the XII century.

Yalta city: resort climate

The amazing Mediterranean Yalta climate is created thanks to the high mountains, encircling the city from the north and not letting in cold winter winds and snow. In summer, they trap hot air from the steppe, creating a subtropical climate.

Average July temperature: + 23.7, January: + 4 degrees. Climate of Yalta   comparable with the Italian cities of Genoa and Ravenna.

An additional advantage of the city are pine forests. For over 100 years they have been used as a natural cure for lung diseases.

Yalta city   since the end of the 19th century it became the main health resort of the Russian Empire, turning from a small settlement to a large resort. He received the status of the city in 1838, when only 130 people lived here.

People with tuberculosis were treated here. Soon it was in these places that they began to carry out lung operations, removing the areas affected by the disease. The healing air of the surrounding mountains and forests contributed to the speedy recovery of patients.

Today, in Yalta, they also treat diseases of the cardiovascular and nervous system.

Yalta beaches: photos and description

The beaches of Big Yalta are exclusively pebble. Fine pebbles are great for sunbathing. Some of the beaches are open for general access, some of the others are available only through spa books.

There are separate beaches at sanatoriums and hotels, allowing tourists in relative peace to feel what rest in Yalta is. In general, the beaches of Yalta stretch for 59 km. The most popular of them are:

• Primorsky ("City");
• dolphin Beach;
• Livadia ("Therapeutic");
• Massandra (in the photo);
• Beaches "Yalta-Intourist";
• Beach them. Maurice Toreza in the resort "Coastal".

Rest in Yalta in 2020 - prices

In addition to therapeutic walks in the forest, Yalta attracts thousands of tourists with its warm and gentle sea. The city has many sanatoriums ("Gorny", "Ai-Petri"), which help in the treatment of ailments with healing Yalta air. Thanks to this, the healing effect and relaxation in Yalta are combined.

In addition to sanatoriums in the city, you can stay in hotels (Yalta-Intourist, Oreanda, Levant). Due to their diversity and different price levels, rest in Yalta 2020   attractive to people who are well off and have a very average income.

Those who like home furnishings can rent an apartment in the private sector of Yalta.

Yalta Attractions

Entertainment Yalta is numerous and varied. Cafes and restaurants are open right on the promenade, year-round rides and rental bicycles and rollers work. In the port, boat owners offer boat trips with sightseeing in the south of Crimea. You can also make excursions in comfortable minibuses. For example, climb Ai-Petri or visit the palaces of the south coast.

For children and adults, there is a water park, a zoo, Glade of Fairy Tales, a crocodile aquarium and a dolphinarium “Aquatoria”. There is a concert hall “Jubilee”, in which famous artists perform almost every evening in the summer.

To get to know the resort better, you can, of course, look at the photos of Yalta in advance, but I recommend using them that will show the resort from all sides. With their help, you can see the promenade, parks, panorama of the city.

How to get to Yalta

Section for those who decide how to get to Yalta. It can be cheap, you can more comfortable. You can go to the resort by bus, departing directly from the airport building (flight schedule). Or from the Kurortnaya bus station near the railway station. From here, not only buses go to Yalta, but also.

All flights arrive at the central bus station of Yalta. You can find the bus schedule from the city of Yalta.

If you need comfort, but the costs are not important, then order a taxi directly from the airport. You can make a preliminary application.

Tourists arriving on the peninsula through the Crimean bridge in their own car need to drive to Simferopol on the R-23 highway, and from there on the Yalta highway (E-105) drive through the Angarsk pass to the "pearl of Crimea".

To get acquainted with the beauties of Crimea, you can go to the detour through Simferopol. However, this route is replete with numerous turns, difficult for unprepared people. This route is similar to the Gelendzhik-Sochi road.

From Sevastopol to Yalta, you can get on the M-18 highway. The hero city with the resort capital connects bus service from the central bus station and (2 flights per day).

Big Yalta is a 72-kilometer coastline two to three kilometers wide from Foros in the west to the village of Krasnokamenka in the east. In addition to Yalta itself, the Big Yalta zone includes many coastal cities and towns (Alupka, Gurzuf, Livadia, Gaspra, Koreiz, Miskhor, Simeiz, Foros, Massandra, Parkovoy and others - only 31 settlements), which makes the city one of the most big and famous resorts in Europe.

  Beaches of Big Yalta

The beaches of Big Yalta are mostly pebble; according to climatic conditions, the coast is closer to the Crimean sub-Mediterranean. Traditionally, the beach of the South Shore is divided by concrete breakwaters leaving for the sea, just above the shore there is a promenade, above which the edges of the mountains rise. The beaches of sanatoriums and boarding houses are mostly artificial, consisting of small pebbles and gravel.

  Climate of Big Yalta

In summer, the average temperature is + 24 ° C, in February - + 4.1 ° C, however, snow can still lie on the Ai-Petri plateau in March.

It usually rains in late autumn and winter.

The swimming season in the region starts in early June and can last until October. The most pleasant time to relax is the velvet season, when there are few vacationers, the sea is still warm, and the sun is not too hot.

  Accommodation in Big Yalta

On the territory of the Yalta Reserve there are numerous motels, pensions and rest houses.

Traditionally, many tourists choose the private sector. You can rent a small house, apartment or room - it all depends on the thickness of the wallet and preferences. As a rule, supply exceeds demand, therefore, problems with renting housing on the spot, on arrival, should not arise. However, it is worth considering when choosing a vacation destination that living in Miskhor will cost twice as much as, for example, in Alupka. Miskhor and its environs are the most expensive resorts in Big Yalta.

You can book accommodation in hotels of this region in the "Yalta Hotels" section on Travel.ru website.

  Sights of Big Yalta

In addition to relaxing on the sea, in Yalta you should definitely visit the Old Town, palace and park complexes, the Lesya Ukrainka Museum, the largest summer concert hall in the CIS "Yubileiny", the Yalta State Historical and Literary Museum with branches along the coast.

There are many remarkable churches and monasteries in the region: the Cathedral of St. Alexander Nevsky, the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord in the Nikitsky Botanical Garden, St. Nicholas the Wonderworker in Massandra, St. Great Martyr Fyodor Tiron, St. Nina in Gaspra, Holy Cross Exaltation in Livadia, as well as the Church of St. John Chrysostom, Intercession of the Most Holy Blessed Virgin in Lower Oreanda, St. Alexander Nevsky at the sanatorium of St. Luke in Alupka, St. Great Martyr and Healer Panteleimon, Archangel Michael in Alupka, a secluded Church of the Resurrection of Christ in Foros, etc.

It is also interesting to see the unique Museum of the Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking "Magarach" (founded in 1828), an exotic cable car to Mount Darsan (Ai-Petri massif), a favorite place for walking - Naberezhnaya Street in Yalta, "Glade of Fairy Tales" at the foot of Stavri Mountain -Kaya, Uchan-Su waterfall, the picturesque mountain lake Karagol and much more.

The “visiting cards” of the region include Ayu-Dag mountain, dotted with Ai-Petri caves, Baydarsky Gates, Chatyr-Dag (Tent-gora), the magnificent gorge of the Grand Canyon of Crimea near the village of Sokolinoe, Nikitsky Botanical Garden, a magnificent park (1834 ) in Foros, Miskhor landscape park, a small castle on a steep cliff overhanging the sea - "Swallow's Nest" (1912) in Gaspra, a complex of palaces of the royal family in Livadia (built in 1911, in the Great Hall in February 1945) Palace hosted the Crimean Conference of Heads of State anti-Hitler ovsky coalition).

Of interest are the coastal cliffs of Diva, Panea, Swan Wing, the landscape and historical-architectural reserve of Mount Koshka, as well as the Simeiz Astrophysical Observatory.

The main attraction is the palace and park ensemble of the Vorontsov Palace (1828-1848) with a rich museum collection and a huge park.

It attracts attention with unusual cliffs of Adalar, Artek and Sputnik youth health resorts, as well as beautiful parks of a military sanatorium (former complex of Gubonin hotels), vineyards and a charming coast.

The main attraction of the village is Dulber Palace with a magnificent park (200 species of plants).

The coast of Big Yalta in the 19th - early 20th centuries was a favorite vacation spot for wealthy Russians. Aristocrats and wealthy merchants sought to have summer cottages there. They did not spare money, inviting the most famous architects, ordering them unusual projects, and therefore along the coast a lot of magnificent palaces appeared. In whatever village you relax, there will definitely be a landscape park with an old mansion nearby.

  Transport of Big Yalta

The nearest international airport is in Simferopol. You can get to Yalta from Simferopol by trolley bus (runs every 20 minutes, the journey to Yalta takes 2.5 hours), minibus, bus or taxi (travel time is about 1.5 hours).

The main transport hub of the Big Yalta region is the Yalta bus station. Most bus routes, trolleybuses and fixed-route taxis traveling through the city, as well as to the surrounding cities and towns, begin or pass through it. Address: Yalta, st. Moscow, 8.

Bus routes that can be reached in the villages of Big Yalta:

• No. 32: The clothing market - Alupka (palace, on the lower road);
• No. 33: Stroygorodok - Golden Beach;
• No. 35: Bus station - "Mountain Health Resort" (according to the schedule, the rest of the time via Sechenov St. on Krasnoarmeyskaya);
• No. 39: Center - bus station - Furshet hypermarket;
• No. 42: Bus station - Simeiz (goes along the highway Yalta - Sevastopol);
• No. 44: Center - Massandra - Dolossy sanatorium (village Sovetskoye);
• No. 47: Clothing market - town. Koreiz (Yalta - taxi park - Gaspra - Koreiz);
• No. 50: Bus Station - Ai-Petri Plateau (in summer);
• No. 77: Sanatorium "Dolossy" (village Sovetskoye) - Nikitsky Botanical Garden - ul. Stakhanovskaya (town of Massandra);
• No. 100: st. Stakhanovskaya - town. Livadia - Livadia hospital (the route is renumbered from the 5th);
• No. 102: Bus station - Alupka (on the lower road, the route is renumbered from the 27th);
• No. 104: Bus station - "Artek" (the route is renumbered from 31b; the old numbering is used on the stencils);
• No. 105: Bus station - waterfall (according to the schedule, the rest are up to UBS 44; the route is renumbered from the 30th; old numbers are used on the stencils);
• No. 106: Bus station - town. Gurzuf (the route is renumbered from 31a);
• No. 107: Bus station - town. Katsiveli (the route is renumbered from the 36th);
• No. 108: Bus station - town. Livadia (individual flights to the dignity "Lower Oreanda"; the route is renumbered from the 11th; old numbers are used on the stencils);
• No. 109: The clothing market - Winery (along Sverdlova St., the route is renumbered from the 40th);
• No. 110: Bus station - Partenit (the route is renumbered from the 46th);
• No. 111: The clothing market - guest. "Yalta" - Nikitsky Botanical Garden (the route is numbered from the 34th; the old numbering is used on the stencils);
• No. 115: Bus station - town. Simeiz (route numbered from the 26th);
• No. 117: Bus station - town. Foros (the route is renumbered from the 28th; old numbers are used on the stencils).

There are many moorings on the embankment of Yalta, from where boats leave for the surrounding villages. You can learn about intercity routes at the Yalta Sea Terminal. Address: Yalta, st. Roosevelt, 5.

  The nature of Big Yalta

From the north, the entire region of Big Yalta is covered by the Main ridge of the Crimean Mountains overgrown with forests, which is why a unique microclimate forms on the coast.

In the mountains zone is Yalta Mountain Forest Nature Reservealong which hiking, cycling and horseback trails are laid. In the reserve it is worth visiting the karst caves of Trekhglazka and Yalta, see the Uchan-Su and Yauzlar waterfalls, the rocks of Shishko, Alimushka, Stavri-Kaya, the Besh-Tekne tract and many other interesting places.

  History of Big Yalta

For the first time, Yalta was mentioned by an Arab geographer who describes the coast of Crimea at the beginning of the 12th century. In subsequent centuries, the Venetians and Genoese invaded this region.

In the XVIII century, when Crimea was annexed to the Russian Empire, Yalta was a tiny fishing village.

In 1837, Yalta became a county town, and in the 1860s it already became a fashionable resort.

After the revolution, the former dachas of aristocrats were nationalized and turned into rest houses, the active construction of sanatoriums begins - Yalta turns into an all-Union health resort.

Big Yalta- household name yalta city district- a municipality within the Republic of Crimea of \u200b\u200bthe Russian Federation. The term came into use in 1978.

A narrow, sun-drenched strip of land near the warm sea from Cape Ayia to Kara-Dag in the east - this is the southern coast of Crimea. And almost in the center, these are strips, on the banks of an open deep-water bay, the city of Yalta is located on the picturesque mountain slopes.

Yalta is the administrative center of a large territory of the Southern coast of Crimea, the so-called Big Yaltalength 72 km, from Foros in the west to Ayudag in the east. Area of \u200b\u200bthe region 283 km². Population 136,958 (2016), including urban - 63.23%, rural - 36.77%.

origin of name

In fact, in the system of the administrative-territorial structure of Russia, such administrative-territorial units as “Big Yalta” - do not exist (“Big Alushta” and “Big Feodosia” - did not exist at all, they were invented by local residents in imitation of Big Yalta) . This conglomerate was invented by officials of the Yalta City Council when Crimea was part of Ukraine, in order to subjugate the Alupka city and township territorial communities, which before the adoption of the Constitution of Ukraine were so subordinate during the USSR (see. Constitution of the Ukrainian SSR of 04.20.1978) .

Overview of Big Yalta

The tale of Big Yalta begins with Artek and Gurzuf. Here the grapes ripen for the world famous White Muscat “Red Stone”, “Ai-Danil”, “Pinot Gris”. The mysterious rocks of Adalara, three hundred meters from the coast - a landscape from a legend. Closer to Yalta - Nikitsky Botanical Garden - 1,000 hectares of park and garden and 15,000 plant forms and species. The pearl of park flora of world significance. Then - “Sosnyak” and the land of the winery and the Institute of winemaking “Magarach”, founded by Count Vorontsov.

Massandra Park with the palace of Alexander III and the huge complex of the Yalta Hotel.

Massandra is a pearl and a priceless rarity of world wine culture. Just above the trolleybus route, the parent plant - kilometers of fragrant aged cellars wines, enoteca - a million bottles of collection wines.

After a winding road - Yalta. The mountain slopes above Yalta are covered with centuries-old pine forest.

And beyond Livadia, along the coast there are palaces and parks, Parus rock, Ai-Todor cape with a Swallow's nest and along the entire coast - rest houses and sanatoriums - the favorite resorts of tsars, dignitaries, the Central Committee of the Party and celebrities and the best pebble beaches in Crimea swimming in infinitely clear water.

The southern coast of Crimea, Big Yalta are unique and unique in their beauty. This is one of those corners of the planet that you just need to visit, if possible. Like Crete, Canaries, Hollywood or Monte Carlo.

Big Yalta maintains friendly relations with such foreign resorts as Margate (Great Britain), Nice (France), Santa Barbara (USA), Rijeka (Yugoslavia), Pozzuoli (Italy). These resorts constantly exchange information, as well as delegations.

To improve the supply of resorts in Big Yalta with water in the upper Belbek River, a reservoir was built in the mountains. Through the main mountain range of the Crimean Mountains, a tunnel has been laid more than 7 kilometers long, along which Belbek’s waters flow to Yalta.

Industry

The industry of the region is represented by about 20 enterprises. Agricultural production specializes in growing grapes, fruits and tobacco.

Population

Russians make up the majority of the population of Big Yalta. According to the 2014 All-Ukrainian Population Census, the population of the region was 133.675 people (63.23% urban, 36.77% rural), the ethnic composition was as follows:

• russians - 67.25%
• ukrainians - 17.51%
• belarusians - 0.96%
• crimean Tatars - 1.59%
• armenians - 0.63%

District Composition

The region includes 2 cities - Yalta and Alupka and 7 village communities (village councils), which unite 21 urban-type villages, 8 villages and 1 village.

The historical names of villages changed in 1945–1949 are shown in parentheses.

1. Yalta city (territory directly subordinate to the city council of Yalta)
2. Alupka City Council

• Danilovka (Ai-Danil)
• Krasnokamenka (Kyzyltash)
• Linear
• Partisan

The average temperature in the city for months:

Yalta through the eyes of a resident. About climate, ecology, areas, real estate prices and work in the city. Pros and cons of life in Yalta. Responses of residents and people who moved to the city.

General information and a brief history of Yalta

Yalta, or as it is also called "Russian Riviera" - the resort capital in the southern part of Crimea. But the administrative center, called Big Yalta, includes: Alupka, Foros, etc. The length of Big Yalta is 72 km, and the territory is 900 hectares, half of which is built up, and the rest is planted with trees and exotic shrubs.

The vast territory of the modern city has been inhabited since ancient times, but intensive development began in the 9-6 century BC In the letters, Yalta was first mentioned, then it was called Jalita, in the 12th century. The famous Arab traveler Adu Abdullah Muhammad al-Idrisi mentioned it in his writings.

This city has seen many conquerors, was in the possession of the Golden Horde, Genoa, the Ottoman Empire, the USSR, Ukraine. Today it is part of the Russian Federation. Only in 1838, together with the formation of the county, Yalta received the status of a city. And after 5 years, a development plan was agreed and a coat of arms approved.

The rapid development of the city began with the construction of the port and highways with Simferopol and Sevastopol. Since the early 60s of the 19th century, Yalta and its environs began to develop as resorts. At the same time, the imperial family acquires the Livadia estate here, subsequently the favorite resting place of all the Romanovs. So, Yalta has become a fashionable aristocratic resort.

The decisive moment and impetus for the rapid development of the resort area was the decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR “On the use of Crimea for the treatment of workers”. At that time sanatoriums, an Artek children's camp, etc. were opened. From all over the USSR, pioneers, proletariat and cultural figures gather in Yalta.

Climate and ecology of Yalta

The climate in Yalta is reminiscent of a subtropical Mediterranean; acclimatization is very quick and easy.

Winters here are very warm for Russia, mild (average temperature + 4-5 ° C). Spring is cool, summer is very hot. But autumn in Yalta is warm and long. The sun shines about 2,300 hours a year. By the way, Nice, Cannes and San Remo have the same indicators.

Not the least role is played here by the combination of the ice-free sea with the Crimean mountains, which reliably protect the city and its environs from cold winds in winter, dry heat and Taurida steppe winds in summer. From the south, the city is completely washed by the sea.

The swimming season in Yalta is very long, it opens in late May and lasts 149 days, until mid-October. The average water temperature is around 20 ° C.

But from an environmental point of view, the situation in Yalta is quite tense. The city has a heavy traffic load, and therefore the concentration of carbon monoxide exceeds the norm by 5-7 times. This is a clear sign of poor quality fuel used. And the average concentration of benzopyrene is almost 2 times higher than normal.

Wastewater treatment plants and water supply systems are in an extremely dilapidated state, which contributes to the pollution of water adjacent to popular beaches. There are problems with garbage collection, caring townspeople often arrange subbotniks and clean their city themselves. This situation allows Yalta to be included in the list of cities with an unfavorable environmental situation.

Population

In terms of population, Yalta occupies an honorable 3rd place among all the cities of the peninsula. About 90 thousand people permanently live in Yalta. Moreover, each holiday season, this figure increases by 300,000 - 500,000 people due to city guests and tourists.

As for the gender and age group of the population, here 45% are men, and 55% are women. It is noteworthy that in recent years, the percentage of the population that is younger and older than working age has sharply increased. But the percentage of the working-age population is constantly decreasing.

If we talk about the demographic situation as a whole, then it has almost the lowest rates in the Crimea. The average birth rate is 9.3 per 1000 people. Mortality is 2 times higher than these indicators.

Recently, the percentage of marriages has increased, and divorce cases have decreased. It is interesting that the Yalta residents are divorced the least in the cities of Crimea.

If we talk about the education of citizens, then there is no definite answer. There are not many higher educational institutions in the city, in particular only three: Crimean Humanitarian University, Institute of Economics and Management, European University. Mostly a variety of colleges and schools. In general, education and its accessibility are average.

The people here are friendly, friendly, accustomed to numerous tourists. And how to get prompted, and how to get there. True, market traders are a little rude.

Areas and Real Estate of Yalta

Conventionally, Yalta is divided into 3 main areas: the old city, where Yalta began, the new city and Chekhovo. Also, the town includes the town. Nikita and Livadia.

Old city

Or, Old Yalta, as they call this area, originates from the street. The boulevard and stretches up east. This area is notable for a large concentration of different buildings from the past centuries. It’s the past, because since the end of the 20th century, practically nothing has been built in old Yalta, since there is no place for this. This area is characterized by narrow winding streets and a large number of houses built close to each other.

Old Yalta is an administrative district, there is a city hall, police, hospitals, city administrative bodies, etc. Among the buildings dominated by 2 and 3-storey houses of the times of imperial Russia in the style of classicism and baroque, with their inherent stucco molding and chic decoration. Of course, many of these houses have been restored, but on the outskirts of the district, shabby, scribbled graffiti, and shacks predominate, otherwise you cannot name them.

Most of the premises in the houses of this region are rented for shops, offices, banks, restaurants and other organizations providing all kinds of services, and the district itself is perfect for young purposeful people, but not for families with small children.

If zeal and efficiency reign in the daytime in old Yalta, then at night the district turns into an entertainment center with countless restaurants, concert venues, clubs and summer cafes. Also, this region includes, perhaps, the most favorite vacation spot, both locals and visiting guests - Yalta Embankment. In any weather, at any time of the day, it is always crowded.

It is impossible not to note the greenery of this area. Various tropical plants, trees and shrubs are abundant here. Without a doubt, the central part of the old city is very well landscaped. On the outskirts, you need to get used to the strange pictures for the tourist center. For example, to dilapidated, semi-shabby buildings or to linen hung directly on the street.

If we talk about equipping kindergartens and schools, then there are minor problems with this. But the number and variety of sites, on the contrary, has good indicators.

The average cost of an apartment near the Embankment is 120,000 - 150,000 dollars.

The new city is a fashionable sleeping area in the north-west of the city, it consists of several microdistricts with serial numbers.

New Yalta is distinguished by its intricate buildings and modern, fully equipped residential complexes.

High-rise buildings, numerous hotels, a large number of landscaped courtyards and playgrounds. The area is picturesque, well landscaped.

Many shops, supermarkets, pharmacies and organizations providing various services to the public. All within walking distance. Quiet, calm and measured atmosphere. The average cost for a one-room apartment in this area is between 60,000 and 70,000 dollars.

The abolished village included in the city limits. It is located in the west of the city in the area of \u200b\u200bthe house-museum of A.P. Chekhov, hence the name. Luxury cottages, painted villas and houses prevail.

The area is fully landscaped, there are shops, pharmacies. Cons: the nearest hospital is far enough, there are no large shopping centers.

Nikita is an urban-type settlement 7 km from Yalta. Here is the famous Nikitinsky Botanical Garden and many other parks and squares.

Mostly a cottage village, recently gaining the status of a tourist center of Yalta for family vacations.

It features the cleanest sea. True, the bulk of residential buildings are located at a considerable distance from it. There are many hotels, guest houses.

A quiet place, ideal for families and children. Cons: the sea is far, not enough clothing stores and pharmacies. The average cost of a private house fluctuates around $ 1,000,000.

On the other side of Yalta is the village of Livadia with the imperial estate. "Livadia Palace" - the residence of the Romanov family - is the main attraction of this place. It has its own school, kindergarten, boarding school. Lots of hotels, shops, restaurants and bars. Recently, the development of this village with multi-storey residential complexes is being actively conducted.

The village is fully equipped with playgrounds, including new ones.

Cons: there are no large supermarkets and shopping centers, an insufficiently equipped hospital.

Between the village and Yalta, buses and minibuses constantly run. The average cost of a one-room apartment in a new building is 80,000-100,000 dollars, and the prices of private houses vary from 500,000 to 5,000,000 dollars.

Infrastructure condition

The housing and communal complex of Yalta is quite well developed. The city has many private organizations serving homes. Despite the competition, price increases for utility tariffs do not have to wait long. Amounts on receipts are growing, and for the benefit of houses and courtyards, almost nothing is being done.

At home, street hooligans constantly sprinkle graffiti, and no one is in a hurry to wash this modern painting. The entrances are cleaned well, as is the area around the house. It’s just that this is not done as often as the situation requires.

Fortunately, with the arrangement and maintenance of highways and roads in Yalta, everything is more or less tolerable. At least you can’t say that the roads in the yards are bad or similar to a sieve from bumps and potholes. All potholes are poured on time and quickly, and the roadway is leveled.

If we talk about traffic jams and congestion on the roads, then if they are here, then in the summer - at the peak of tourist activity.

As for the transport infrastructure of Yalta, it fully serves the needs of the resort. The main land arteries are highways: Simferopol - Alushta - Yalta and Sevastopol - Yalta - Feodosia. The city has a seaport, which has several directions: passenger, commercial and cargo.

The main types of urban transport are buses and minibuses. The variety and remoteness of routes, as well as a large number of buses on the line satisfy all the requests of citizens and visitors. Not so long ago, the city fleet replenished with new buses from the post-Olympic Sochi with the symbols of the 2014 Olympics.

Despite the developed transport infrastructure, the city has a lot of private taxi companies, which are also in demand among the population. The average price per km is just under half a dollar.

If we talk about the problems of the city, then the most important of them can be called drinking water, or rather its lack. Drinking water came to the city from the Ukrainian Dnieper through the North Crimean Canal. In the light of recent events, this water simply died. Until 2017, the city will live off reserve vaults and artesian sources. By 2017, it is planned to complete the large-scale construction of a water supply system, which will provide water to the whole Crimea, including Yalta.

Businesses and work in the city

The industry of Yalta revolves around 17 major enterprises. This is mainly the light and food industries, the construction sector and the electric power industry.

The number of employed people in industry is 3.5 thousand people, which corresponds to 22.8% of those employed in the manufacturing sector and 5.8% of the total employment in the economic complex.
  Of course, the main industry is the food industry, whose enterprises employ more than 50% of all workers in the industry.

The main enterprises of the industry: Massandra, the main vintage wine factory, Yalta bakery, meat factory, brewery, OJSC Yalta fish factory.

In the future, the food industry will remain the leading industry in Yalta.

The electric power industry is represented by such enterprises as Krymteplokommunenergo, Yaltakurortteploenergo, and Heat Networks. The industry employs 33.5% of those employed in industry.

The building materials industry in Yalta is represented by the management of production and technological equipment of the Krymspetshydroremstroy trust, the Yalta plant Stroydetal, etc. The number of employees in the industry is 11.2%.

Serving the population and guests on the territory of Yalta carry out more than 2000 objects of all forms of ownership, including:

• More than 600 stores with an area of \u200b\u200bover 36 thousand m2
• More than 500 catering enterprises for 23.6 thousand seats
• 150 stalls, pavilions
• 130 consumer services enterprises
• 12 markets with 3,000 retail locations
• 114 seasonal catering establishments with 4,500 seats
• 530 outlets

Nevertheless, the main part of the able-bodied population of the city works at the resort enterprises year-round in all spheres of economic activity. The number of people employed in sectors of the economy in 2013 fell by 5% and amounted to 55 thousand people. This indicates the outflow of labor resources to other areas of economic activity. For example, the number of entrepreneurs and individuals has increased.

In the current year, as in the previous ones, the characteristic reason for dismissal is a low salary, a delay in remuneration of up to 3 months, and the employee’s qualifications not meeting the requirements of the employer. In the first half of 2013, compared with the same period in 2012, the number of registered unemployed people decreased - 1.5 thousand people, which is 60% of the total unemployed population registered.

Do not forget that Yalta has its own specifics as a resort and recreational complex that carries out seasonal activities, which affects the structure of the economy and the work of enterprises, organizations and institutions and other areas of the population. The average number of full-time employees in all resort and tourist organizations is about 20 thousand people. In the period from May to September, the number of employees increases to 25 thousand people. As a rule, this contingent is made up of students, students, and retirees previously employed at these enterprises who have been hired for temporary work.

It is worth noting that the average salary in Yalta does not exceed $ 250.

Crime

The criminal situation in Yalta is generally stable. Since the entire leadership and the majority of the internal composition of law enforcement agencies changed in 2010, the percentage of crime detection has begun to increase. If we talk about specific statistical figures, then in 2013 grave and especially grave offenses decreased by 5.5%.

In recent years, fraudsters have intensified in Yalta. Mostly they hunt through SMS messages or go to the apartments of the elderly, posing as workers of social services and banks.
  Also recently, the percentage of crimes committed by adolescents and youth has increased.

It is worth noting that Yalta is the leader in the number of "land" crimes. It is understandable, because this is a resort. Over the past 6 months alone, more than 200 illegal decisions of authorities on the disposal of land have been canceled. And this is only what was checked during the prosecutor's check. Real numbers are unlikely to ever come up.

Among the most "high-profile" and resonant crimes committed in Yalta, there are several. This killing of a newborn on the Ai Petri plateau shocked all the Yalta residents ... And after 5 months, the city residents were shocked by law enforcement agencies who proved that the mother killed her child. As well as dozens of murders committed by the criminal group of "black realtors" who operated on the territory of Yalta, were forced to copy apartments on themselves, and then brutally killed their victims. Last year, all gang members were detained, the coordinator was sentenced to capital punishment in the form of life imprisonment

Sights of Yalta

Of course, the very first place that every person who has come to Yalta should visit is Central Embankment named after Lenin.

It is framed by palm trees and an endless range of various cafes, bars, restaurants, attractions for children and adults. Here, every foodie will find a place to taste: from burgers at McDonald's to a juicy steak with a glass of good red wine at Geneva. Here is a favorite meeting place for young people, hidden in the shade of palm trees - a monument to V.I. To Lenin. And in the very center of the embankment there is a pier, from where you can go on a sea voyage on a boat or a pleasure boat. From here the cableway to Darsan hill originates.

In the concert hall "Yubileiny", which is nearby, concerts of pop stars are constantly held. And lovers of vibrant nightlife will be delighted with the clubs in the RC "Summer" and "Matrix", which is located in the hotel "Oreanda".

In Yalta there are restaurants and cafes for every taste and budget, which is worth the most pompous restaurant "White Lion" or "Karagol" - Brezhnev's favorite place!

Fans of French cuisine will be delighted with the White Shark. For those to whom campaigns in pathos are alien, numerous pizzerias and inexpensive cafes always work.

Of course, having visited Chekhov’s beloved city, one cannot help but visit the house-museum of the famous Russian classic. Living in his estate in Yalta, A.P. Chekhov wrote his most famous works.

You can not pass by the majestic church of St. John Chrysostom.

One of the first stone buildings with unusual architecture is considered to be the main decoration of Yalta. This also includes the Armenian Church, Nevsky Cathedral on the street. Garden and the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker.

In addition to architectural delights, in Yalta there are a lot of museums with interesting exhibits. And in the secluded corners of numerous parks and squares hiding a variety of monuments to cultural and political figures.

3 km from Yalta is the famous residence of the last imperial Romanov family - Livadia Palace.

It also hosted the Yalta Conference of Heads of State who won the Second World War. Today, the palace has become a museum that is constantly open to visitors.

And on the territory of the sanatorium "Yalta" there is another palace, or rather the whole palace ensemble of the Emir of Bukhara.

The chic Moorish-style palace is now occupied by the sanatorium's library.

For children in Yalta, there are a huge number of attractions, an Aqua Park, the Skazka Zoo, and the Aquatoria Sea Animal Theater.

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