Emergency fuel dump aircraft. Is it true that planes dump the remaining fuel before landing? The weight of the "iron bird"

When designing an aircraft (both civilian and military, by the way), and in particular its landing gear, there is always such a parameter as the maximum landing mass. Obviously, this is the maximum weight that the chassis can withstand when landing.

When the aircraft is prepared for the assignment, so much fuel is poured into it that would fly to the planned landing site + navigation fuel reserve. When everything is normal, the fuel is not drained. If the crew decided to land the car, and its mass exceeds the maximum landing, then get rid of fuel. about to say that the plane burns up the fuel so that the load on the landing gear does not exceed the maximum during landing, otherwise the landing gear simply cannot withstand it.

Especially often, such situations occur in the event of a serious failure immediately after takeoff. It should also be noted that not all aircraft simply “burn after” fuel in order to “lose weight,” some are equipped with an emergency fuel drain system.

Summarizing, we can say that the aircraft burns up fuel so that the load on the landing gear does not exceed the maximum during landing, otherwise the landing gear simply cannot withstand it.

Each of us at least once in a lifetime used the services of airlines. They offer the safest and most comfortable mode of transport. In addition, with its help it is possible to significantly reduce the time on the road.

Surely many saw the picture as the plane circled for hours over the landing strip, and wondered: why is he doing this? Indeed, because of the extra hours of flight, a lot of jet fuel burns down. This is precisely what the pilot achieves when he intentionally flies in circles without landing. He tries to burn as much fuel as possible. And about why the liner produces fuel before landing, we will talk further.

The weight of the "iron bird"

During take-off, as during landing, the mass of an airbus is extremely important. Moreover, in each case it is calculated separately: for landing - landing, and for takeoff - takeoff.

The take-off mass of the aircraft is calculated taking into account the total weight of passengers, their baggage, the liner itself and fuel.

At the same time, if the weight limit is exceeded, the aircraft will not be able to gain the required height or will not take off at all.

In the same way, the calculation of the landing mass of the "iron bird" is also carried out. Here, the total weight of the crew and passengers, the liner itself and the baggage on board are also taken into account.

Landing weight

There is a strictly limited weight for the aircraft landing. In no case should you exceed this limit, since this situation can cause the crash of the airliner.

When landing, a kind of landing gear hit the surface of the landing strip. In this case, the chassis and fuselage are designed for specific loads, which directly depend on the weight of the side. If this indicator is significantly exceeded, then the load will increase accordingly. The chassis and fuselage may not be able to withstand and break under the weight. Wings can also be affected. That is why it is important to monitor weight during planting.

Fuel discharge

As a rule, the landing weight is slightly less than the take-off. How is this possible, you ask? Everything is very simple. Any airbus is designed to use most of the fuel from the tank during the flight. Thus, during landing it will weigh less than during takeoff.

What to do in those cases when the landing takes place earlier than planned? The reason for this may be an emergency or a change in flight course. In this case, all fuel will not be consumed, because the path of the aircraft will be reduced. But sitting down with fuel in the tank is also dangerous.

In this case, some aircraft equipped with a special emergency fuel dump system can simply drain the fuel. If there is no such system, then the pilot has to circle above the landing strip, generating fuel residues. It will have to be spent even if the conditions do not allow dumping this fuel.

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Is it true that planes dump the remaining fuel before landing?

The most interesting thing is that today aircraft practically do not dump fuel. Previously, airplanes had such a fuel reserve that was designed only for flight, in case of an unplanned landing, the aircraft either circled the airfield to burn out the remaining fuel, or dumped it so that there would be no ignition during landing. Now progress has moved forward. Now a special powder is thrown into the fuel tank, which simply makes the fuel non-combustible and can not be dumped.

Today, such a phenomenon as fuel discharge is practically not found in the flight practice of civil aviation pilots - and even vice versa - they are rewarded in every way for fuel economy - this is today a business and only in case of emergency pilots will dump fuel. If the fuel is constantly dumped, then the ecological disaster will be fast on Earth.

Aircraft do not dump the remaining fuel before landing.

They don’t need to do this if everything is going according to plan and the landing is not emergency.

But if you urgently need to land, an emergency situation arose, then there are such rules that the crews of air vehicles have to adhere to, and in which the aircraft must be landed, dropping the surplus fuel.

Yes, this really happens in the event of an emergency landing. Once there was a passenger rowdy on board, which the cabin crew could not calm. He threatened the safety of passengers and cabin crew. And the pilot decided to land the plane. Landing was made urgently at the nearest airport, but there was a lot of fuel left in the tanks. As a result, the pilots had to dump fuel. Deboshir after the flight was arrested, and the airline sued him and recovered a large sum of money. The same thing can happen with a sick passenger on board or an emergency situation on board, when an emergency landing is necessary.

Fuel is reset only during an emergency landing immediately after take-off. Kerosene costs decent money, so no one will dump it without an emergency. The black trace usually does not occur during landing, but on take-off, when the engine is operating at maximum power in afterburner mode, the trace leaves soot from unburned kerosene residues.

Fuel dumping by plane occurs if he is forced to make an emergency landing, as there is a risk of explosion. The more fuel left in the tanks, the stronger the explosion may result in case of failure. If the landing is unplanned, but not emergency, then the fuel is burned.

Here Sergey Rakitin answered quite rightly that the plane discharges fuel only in the event of an emergency landing, immediately after take-off or somewhere in the middle of the way, but even if the situation allows, then kerosene not reset  and maximally developed to a safe weight. Emergency reset  is done only when the plane, for some emergency reasons, cannot fly in circles producing fuel.

Landing a plane with a large weight of fuel on board is risky. The flight route and aircraft refueling is calculated taking into account that there is enough fuel to the alternate aerodrome and that after landing at this aerodrome there will still be about one to three tons of kerosene (this is for large airliners).

In the event of an emergency fuel dump, not a black mark, but white will be visible just behind the aircraft. The black trace is, as Sergey Rakitin writes, just soot and soot from kerosene.

Aircraft dump fuel only in the event of an emergency emergency landing to avoid fire. In some cases, if the situation allows, the crew continues to polt specifically to maximize their fuel supply. But nobody dumps fuel specifically.

In case of emergency landings, fuel discharge is necessary. And dumping is done only when it is impossible to reduce the amount of fuel just by producing it. Airplanes just fly in circles, producing fuel. If this is not possible, then dump at high altitude.

By reducing the amount of fuel, the crew of the aircraft reduces the possibility of an explosion during an emergency landing and, accordingly, a fire.

In the section on the question Why does the aircraft need to burn all the fuel before landing? set by the author Irene  the best answer is When designing an aircraft (both civilian and military, by the way), and in particular its landing gear, there is always such a parameter as the maximum landing mass. Obviously, this is the maximum weight that the chassis can withstand when landing. When the aircraft is prepared for the assignment, so much fuel is poured into it that would fly to the planned landing site + navigation fuel reserve. When everything is normal, the fuel is not drained. If the crew decided to land the car, and its mass exceeds the maximum landing, then get rid of fuel. Especially often, such situations occur in the event of a serious failure immediately after takeoff. It should also be noted that not all aircraft simply “burn after” fuel in order to “lose weight”, some are equipped with an emergency fuel drain system.
Summarizing, we can say that the aircraft burns up fuel so that the load on the landing gear does not exceed the maximum during landing, otherwise the landing gear simply cannot withstand it.
Regarding the "breaking off the wings" I can say the following: what’s what, and the wing of the plane, if something happens, will fall off last! To be convinced of this, it is enough to look (and I had occasion to rely) on the torque attachment points of the wing with the fuselage. So don’t worry about the wing!

Answer from Eurovision[guru]
Well, this is not always only when there is some kind of breakdown. To prevent a fire and, as a consequence, an explosion.

Answer from The wise[master]
not all of course. :) so that the plane could land. When the aircraft has the minimum amount of fuel during landing, it is easier for him to land ... All this is calculated in special programs ...

Answer from workable[guru]
During landing, there will be a confluence of electricity into the ground (since the plane is electrified in flight), and the fuel can explode.

Answer from Ask[guru]
the fuel has a lot of weight after take-off, the tanks are in the wings. when landing with full tanks, various accidents like breaking off the wings and damage to the tanks are possible. and it’s hard for a heavy plane to land - more run on the runway, etc.

Answer from Oleg Orlov[guru]
The aircraft produces fuel only during an EMERGENCY landing (it had a landing gear, another malfunction), so that in case of an emergency the fuel does not catch fire. Remember Irkutsk (in my opinion), where the plane went for take-off. He had fuel in his tanks that caught fire in an accident. But it was not developed due to the fact that nothing foreshadowed the accident.

Answer from Blizzard Carrier "" ST @ TUS ""[newbie]
a plane with full tanks can take off !! but to land does not work out !! wings break off !! when landing, the weight of the tanks + the force of attraction and free fall + acceleration are directed downward respectively, or the chassis will not extend or the wings break off !!!

Answer from Lyokha[guru]
"Carrying the Blizzard", do not carry the blizzard. In a really emergency situation, the fuel simply drains during the flight (I don’t know if this is possible on all planes. Probably not at all). IRKUTSK, etc. out of business - for landing, braking, maneuvering NEED fuel. What remains for these needs is enough for a fire. Landing with a minimum fuel supply is an additional safety measure, BUT it remains in the tanks quite a lot, otherwise what would the "planes circle for hours around the airfield" if the band is busy, the landing gear is not released, the glitch of the radar equipment or just had to fly to another airfield by weather conditions? I think Vitaly should get 10 points.