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Tourism plays an important role in the economy; Czechs earn more than 100 billion tourists annually. - This is 5.5% of the country's GDP. About 170,000 people are employed in the tourism sector, although this figure is clearly underestimated, because it does not include bartenders and waiters, shop sellers, and all these establishments work both for tourism and for the local population.

The Czech Republic annually receives about 9 million guests. According to statistics for 2016, German citizens are leading among travelers - 1,880,000. Tourists come from Slovakia (645,000), Poland (543,000), the United States (511,000), and the UK (470,000). Russians on this list are in 6th place - 406,000 tourists for 2016.

The attendance of the Czech Republic by tourists from China, South Korea, and Japan is growing at a rapid pace. Do not be surprised if by 2020 in Prague you see Chinese characters in shops and currency exchange offices.

What attracts tourists in the Czech Republic? What is the country proud of? What surprises visitors?

Firstly, centuries-old historical monuments. Although not as long as Greek, Chinese or Egyptian, many monuments have been preserved here, and most are in excellent condition.

Having a thousand-year historical path, the country is saturated with architecture of different styles and directions. These are more than 2 thousand castles, their ruins and palaces, among them they are especially popular:, Litomyšl, Pardubice Castle, Jindřichувv Hradec, Star Summer Palace, Kromeriz Castle, Wallenstein Palace, Kinsky Palace.

Religious monuments in the Czech Republic fascinate with grandeur and unique architectural solutions. This is the Cathedral of St. Wenceslas in Olomouc, the Church of St. James the Elder, and many others, like pearls scattered around the country. The country has 11 Catholic cathedrals.

Medical tourism is another strength of the Czech tourism industry. The healing springs of Karlovy Vary are famous all over the world. It is believed that the resort was founded by Emperor Charles IV in 1350. Other areas: Podebrady, Jáchymov, peloid springs in Bechin and Trebon, sulfur-iron peloid springs in Lazne Tousen, natural warm and hot water in Teplice and several others.

The Czech Republic is one of the European Mecca of gastronomic tourism. Beer tours are especially popular when tourists are transported to breweries and tastings. However, there are so many beers in the Czech Republic that even during the longest beer tour you can’t taste them all.

Ski vacation is gaining momentum. Unfortunately, the country cannot boast of high mountains, in this area it is difficult for Czechs to compete with neighboring Austria and Switzerland. There are mountains in the Czech Republic - these are the Sudeten Mountains, the highest point in the country is Mount Snezka (1602 meters). Some ski resorts are located in the hills of Moravia. The most developed ski resort in the country is Pets pod Snezka.

Czech Republic - the most detailed information about the country with a photo. Sights, cities of the Czech Republic, climate, geography, population and culture.

Czech Republic (Česká republika)

The Czech Republic is a small state in Central Europe. This is one of the most original and attractive for tourists EU countries with a rich history, many interesting sights, castles and cultural monuments. The Czech Republic borders with Poland in the north, Germany with the west and northwest, Slovakia with the east, and Austria with the south. It is a parliamentary republic. The official language is Czech.

What comes to mind when we talk about the Czech Republic? These are Prague's Gothic steeples and Prague streets, this is the ancient Charles Bridge over the Vltava, these are hundreds of castles and churches in cozy old towns, this is great beer and great food. All this is true, but there is something else. The Czech Republic is an atmosphere of tranquility and silence, the cordiality and leisureliness of local residents, measured life, beautiful natural landscapes: leisurely rivers, fields and picturesque wooded hills. Interestingly, the country is also one of the safest in Europe and here is one of the lowest levels of corruption.

The country is located almost in the center of the former Austria-Hungary - in the past it is one of the largest and most powerful states in Europe. The Czech Republic occupies historical areas - Moravia, Bohemia and part of Silesia. The turbulent past left a tremendous historical legacy, and the low prices for food and hotels make the Czech Republic one of the cheapest for tourists in Europe.

Helpful information

The official language is Czech.
Currency - Czech koruna.
The visa is Schengen.
The capital is Prague.
The population is 10.5 million people.
Area - 78.9 thousand square meters. Km
The standard of living is high.
Central European time UTC +1 is valid in the Czech Republic.
Right-hand traffic in the Czech Republic. The speed in settlements is limited to 50 km, outside the city - 90 km, on highways - 130 km. When driving on motorways you need to buy a vignette. Drinking alcohol is strictly prohibited. Car headlights should always be on. From November to the end of March, all cars must move on winter tires.
High season - May, July, August. Low - January, February.
Shops are open from 9.00 to 17.00 on weekdays. In large cities, shops are open until 20.00 and even on weekends. Shopping centers and large supermarkets are open from 9.00 to 21.00. Museums and attractions are often closed on Sundays.
The cuisine in restaurants and cafes is usually open until 21.00 - 22.00. Tipping is not included in the bill and is 5-10% of the bill.

Geography and nature

Despite its small size, the Czech Republic is geographically diverse. Here you can find mountains and hills covered with forests, fields and plains. The country is landlocked. The western and eastern parts are mostly hilly and mountainous. Central - predominantly hilly plain. The highest peak is Mount Snezka (1602 m).

Several rather large rivers flow through the Czech Republic - the Vltava, Odra, Laba, Morava. The nature of the Czech Republic is very picturesque - hills and low mountains covered with deciduous and coniferous forests are interspersed with agricultural land. Castles and fortresses rise on high hills and rocks - a heritage of the past. Roe deer and deer graze in the fields, running away is only to stop.

Best time to visit

Czech Republic can be visited all year round. The most comfortable time is from May to September. Atmospheric in the Czech Republic for Christmas holidays. The lowest season lasts from January to March.

Climate

The climate in the Czech Republic is temperate, with warm but not hot summers and fairly mild winters. Four seasons are highlighted quite clearly. Spring is cool with an average temperature of 8-12 degrees. Precipitation is 150-200 mm. The summer is warm with a fairly comfortable temperature of 15-20 degrees. Heat does not happen often. But it’s cool often. Therefore, when visiting the Czech Republic in the summer, we recommend taking light jackets with you. Precipitation in summer falls the most. Autumn is warm enough with an average temperature of about 10 degrees. Winter lasts from December to February. The temperature is kept within zero degrees. There are both thaws and frosts.

Winter in the Czech mountains

History

The historical name of the Czech Republic is Bohemia. This territory includes several historical regions - Bohemia, Moravia and part of Silesia.

Settlements of people in the Czech Republic existed in the Stone Age. At the beginning of our era, Germanic tribes lived here. Slavs came to these lands in the 6th century. The legend about three Slavic brothers-leaders - Ruse, Lyakh and Czech - is well known. Each of them became the founder of the people. Although the etymology of the name of the country and people still causes controversy among scientists.

The unification of the Czech Slavs and the creation of the Czech state date back to the 9-10th century. Initially, the center was Budec. In the 10th century, the center of the state moves towards modern Prague. At this time, the fortress Vysehrad and Prague Castle were founded. Czechs were baptized in the 9th century.

The Czech princedom gained independence during the first Przemysloviches. From the 11th to the 14th century, the Czech Republic was ruled by Frankish emperors. In 1241, the combined Czech army successfully repelled the Mongol invasion.

The main heyday of the Czech Republic and Prague in the Middle Ages fell on the time of the legendary King Charles IV. Karl not only expanded the Czech lands, but also developed agriculture and winemaking, began the construction of the famous bridge over the Vltava in Prague, founded the University, Karlstejn Castle, the Cathedral of St. Vita. Karl also passed the succession law - when the throne is inherited by the eldest son. A woman can become the head of state only in the absence of male descendants.

The development of the Czech Republic was suspended in the 15th century. This process and the loss of independence was provoked by the Hussite movement that arose at the beginning of the 15th century. Despite the fact that Jan Hus (one of their leaders) was burned as a heretic, a Hussite war broke out. After her, at first it was time for unmonitored rule. Later, the Czech state lost its independence and became part of the Habsburg possessions. Under their control, the Czech Republic remained until 1918.

After the end of World War I, the country gains independence. A new state is being formed - Czechoslovakia. The first president is Masaryk. Czechoslovakia lasted until 1993.

In 1939, the country was occupied by German troops. It was liberated in 1945 by the Red Army. After the war, the Czech Republic was part of a socialist camp under the influence of the USSR.

In 1989, after the Velvet Revolution, Soviet troops left the Czech Republic. In 1993, Czechoslovakia was peacefully divided into two independent states. Since 1999, the Czech Republic became part of NATO, and since 2004 - in the EU.

Administrative division

The Czech Republic consists of a capital and 13 territories. The edges are divided into districts (environs) and statutory cities (district centers).

Central Bohemia - includes the capital - Prague, Kutna Hora.
Western Bohemia (Pilsen and) - the territory is wooded and mountainous, picturesque nature, spas and excellent beer.
Northern Bohemia (Liberec and Usti nad Labem) is a mountainous and industrial region.
Eastern Bohemia (Hradec Králové and Pardubice) is the Krkonoše mountain range and the highest peak in the Czech Republic is Mount Snezka.
Southern Bohemia (Ceske Budejovice) - hills and forests, the upper reaches of the Vltava.
North Moravia (Ostrava and) is an industrial region. Although here you can find beautiful nature and interesting sights.
South Moravia (Brno) - hills and forests, agricultural land and winemaking. This is the warmest region of the Czech Republic.

Population

The population of the Czech Republic is more than 10 million people. Given the area of \u200b\u200bthe country, it can be attributed to the densely populated. About 95% of the population are ethnic Czechs. Large diasporas are Ukrainians, Russians, Slovaks, Vietnamese, Germans.

The official language is Czech, which belongs to the West Slavic group of languages. Czechs can easily understand Slovaks and vice versa. Czech language also has common roots and words with other Slavic languages \u200b\u200b- Russian, Polish, Ukrainian. Czech language has a large number of colorful words: lepido - glue, fly - stewardess, letadlo - airplane. Emphasis is almost always placed on the first syllable.

The Czechs themselves are calm, welcoming, polite people. They respect traditions, are reasonable and leisurely.

Transport

Located almost in the center of Europe, the Czech Republic has good transport accessibility.

International airports are located in Prague (the largest in the country), Brno, Ostrava, Karlovy Vary and Pardubice.

The main means of transportation around the country are trains, buses and cars. It should be noted that the condition and quality of roads in the Czech Republic lags behind neighboring Austria and Germany. Although the country has highways that connect major cities and neighboring countries and pass near Prague, Plzen, Brno and Ostrava.

Residence

Living in the Czech Republic is much cheaper than, for example, in Germany and Austria. A double room in a hotel with three stars and breakfast can be found for 30-50 euros, even in Prague. Of course, it all depends on the location of the hotel (it is logical that the closer to the center, the more expensive), the season, etc. Large cities usually have a large selection of options for living from a hostel to expensive hotels. It is better to take care of accommodation in high season in advance. Rooms in Czech hotels are usually quite clean and very basic.

Kitchen

Czech cuisine is very high in calories. Traditional dishes: voles (various soups), garlic (garlic soup), boar knee (pork), meat dishes (mainly pork, beef, chicken, duck) with dumplings, fish dishes (carp), fried cheese (Hermelin), seasonal vegetables (zelenin), potatoes (bramborak) and, of course, beer. In restaurants, food is usually cooked until 21.00-22.00. Tipping is not included in the bill. If you liked the food and service, then you can leave 5-10% of the total bill.

Beer is a separate pride of the Czech Republic and its main drink. It is one of the best in the world. At the same time, beer is often the cheapest drink and often cheaper than the same Coca-Cola. Here they brew beer of such brands as Krušovice, Budweiser, Pilsner, Radegast, Bernard, Gambrinus. There is also a huge number of small breweries. Beer usually differs in light (lighter) and dark (tmave). Dark beer has a richer flavor.

Cities of Czech Republic

The most popular and beautiful city of the Czech Republic is the capital - Prague. Often it is called the "city of a hundred spiers" and "gold." Prague is located almost in the center of the Czech Republic. It is the largest city in the country. The historic city center is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and attractions such as Charles Bridge, Prague Castle, Old Town Square and Tyn Church, Vysehrad are real symbols of the country.

Brno

The second largest and most important is the capital of Moravia - Brno, which has a compact and beautiful old town and has long been competing economically and culturally with Prague.

Nearby is the student city of Olomouc, which is often called "little Prague". The city has wonderful architecture and many interesting sights (one of them is included in the UNESCO list).

To the north is the industrial capital of the Czech Republic and one of its largest cities - Ostrava.

Not far from Prague is the small town of Kutna Hora with several famous sights (Kostnica, St. Barbara Cathedral).

In the west stands out the famous Czech spa - Karlovy Vary. And in the northwest - Liberec.

The main city of the south is Ceske Budejovice with a wonderful old center. Not far from it is one of the most beautiful towns in the Czech Republic - the old city of which is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Czech Attractions

The Czech Republic is a country rich in sights and monuments of history and culture. Despite the turbulent past, the Czechs managed to preserve their historical heritage.

Enumerating interesting sights of the Czech Republic can take a whole book, so we will limit ourselves to the most iconic ones.

In Prague, the most famous sights are the Charles Bridge, Prague Castle, Old Town Square and Vysehrad.

In Kutna Hora UNESCO sites: the beautiful Gothic cathedral of St. Barbarians and the gloomy Kostnitsa.

In Olomouc, it is one of the most significant monuments of Czech Baroque, a column of the Holy Trinity.

One big attraction is the town of Cesky Krumlov in the south of the Czech Republic.

Of the natural beauties, the Czech Paradise Reserve, the Krkonoše and Šumava National Park, and the Matsoha Gorge occupy a prominent place.

On the territory of Chekhov there are many beautiful castles. Here, near almost every ancient town, powerful fortresses or romantic ruins rise. Many castles are perfectly preserved and can tell us a lot about the history and culture of the past.

Prague Castle
Karlstejn
Pernstein
Loket
Hluboká nad Vltavou
Blatna
Bows
Orlik nad Vltavou
Zvikov
Kokorzhin
Křivoklat
Miller
Mikulov

The number of foreign tourists who come to the Czech Republic is increasing every year. Many tourists who have visited the Czech Republic once return there again and again. Fall in love with this country at first sight, and this love can last a lifetime. Tourists come to the Czech Republic for the sake of unique historical and architectural monuments, magnificent nature, real Czech beer, balneological and ski resorts.

Geography of the Czech Republic

The Czech Republic is located in Central Europe. In the east, the Czech Republic borders on Slovakia, in the west with Germany, in the south with Austria, and in the north with Poland. The total area of \u200b\u200bthis country is 78,866 square meters. km, and the total length of the state border is 2,310 km.

In the west of the country in Bohemia are low mountains - the Giant Mountains, which are structurally included in the Sudeten Mountains. It is in the Krkonoše Mountains that the highest Czech peaks are located - Mount Snezka (1,602 m). In the east of the country in Moravia, the area is hilly with low mountains.

Several large rivers flow through the Czech Republic - the Elbe, Vltava, Morava, and Odra. Some Czech rivers are an important part of the local national parks of Krkonoše, Šumava, Podia, and “Czech Switzerland”.

Capital

The capital of the Czech Republic is Prague, which is now home to about 1.3 million people. Archaeologists believe that the first Slavic settlement on the territory of modern Prague appeared in the VI century A.D.

Official language

The official language in the Czech Republic is Czech, which belongs to a subgroup of West Slavic languages.

Religion

About 30% of the Czech population are Catholics (Roman Catholic Church). Another 2% of Czechs are Protestants, and more than 32% of the Czech population does not believe in God.

Government of the Czech Republic

According to the 1990 Constitution, the Czech Republic is a parliamentary republic in which the President is the formal head of state, but his powers are significantly limited. The Prime Minister has significant powers, however, he is appointed by the President, and approved by the Parliament.

Legislative power belongs to the bicameral Parliament, consisting of Poslanecká sněmovna (200 deputies) and Senate (81 people).

Until 2013, the President of the Czech Republic was elected by the Parliament of the country, but now this is happening by universal suffrage.

Climate and weather

The climate in the Czech Republic is temperate continental with quite hot summers and cold snowy winters. In the west of the country, the average annual air temperature is + 7C, and in southern Moravia - + 9C. In Prague in July, the air temperature can reach + 33C, and in the west of the country in February it can drop to -17C.

In winter, there is a lot of snow in the Czech mountains, and this guarantees a long ski season.

Average air temperature in the Czech Republic:

january - -3С
february - -2C
march - + 3C<
april - + 8C
may - + 13C
june - + 16C
july - + 18C
august - + 17C
september - + 14C
october - + 8C
november - + 3C
december - -1C

Rivers and lakes

Several large rivers flow through the Czech Republic - the Elbe, Vltava, Morava, and Odra. In addition, in the Czech Republic there are many natural small lakes, as well as about 150 artificial lakes.

History

Around the 4th century BC Celtic tribes settled on the territory of modern Czechia, but after several centuries they were replaced by Germanic tribes. Slavs appeared in the Czech Republic at the end of the 5th century A.D.

In the 9th century, the heyday of the Czech Republic began, which was associated with the rule of the Przemyslovich dynasty. The Czech state is actually able to maintain independence, although it was in vassal dependence on the Holy Roman Empire.

In 1085, the Czech prince Vratislava, the Holy Roman Emperor, Henry IV granted the right to use the royal title. However, the independence of the kingdom of the Czech Republic was only proclaimed in 1212.

From 1419 to 1436, the religious Hussite wars continued in the Czech Republic, as a result of which the Hussite religion was recognized by Catholics as one of the religions in this country.

Since 1526, the Habsburgs became the kings of the Czech Republic, and thus this country became part of the Holy Roman Empire. By the way, the Czech Republic was part of Austria until 1918.

After the end of World War I in October 1918, a single state was formed from the Czech Republic and Slovakia - Czechoslovakia.

As a result, the so-called The "Munich agreement" of 1939 Czechoslovakia was occupied by German troops. The Germans turned the Czech Republic into the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia.

After the end of World War II, socialist Czechoslovakia was formed. In 1968, the Warsaw Pact countries were forced to bring troops into Czechoslovakia in order to support the socialist system in it.

In November 1989, the so-called The Velvet Revolution, which removed the Communist Party from power. Vaclav Havel became President of Czechoslovakia.

On January 1, 1993, two new independent states appeared on the political map of the world - Slovakia and the Czech Republic.

In 1999, the Czech Republic became a member of the NATO military bloc, and in 2004 it was admitted to the EU.

Czech culture

Czechs are proud of their traditions, and they are carefully passed on from generation to generation. So, in one of the Moravian villages of Vlčnova, every year, the “Riding of Kings” festival is still held every year, during which local boys and teenagers ride horses decorated with colorful ribbons all over the district. At the same time, the riders themselves are dressed in traditional folk costumes. The king boy is guarded by two bodyguards with sabers.

The fact is that in the Middle Ages in Moravia (and in the vicinity of the village of Vlčnovo) often went the local princes, who for the peasants were real kings.

Czechs love to celebrate Walpurgis Night (from April 30 to May 1). Sometimes the Czechs call this holiday “Witch Burning Night”. Of course, no witches in the Czech Republic have been burning for centuries. Now, in order to support this old custom, the Czechs set fire to brooms and throw them into the air (to see how witches used to fly in the air).

Czechs believe that at midnight on May 1 you can find treasures. However, at this time, the forces of evil can harm a person. Therefore, on the night of May 1, treasure seekers need to have a leaf of fern on their head (on their face).

Czech cuisine

In recent years, in the Czech Republic, more attention has been paid to healthy eating and various new recipes. However, traditional Czech food recipes are still very popular in the Czech Republic.

"Bramborová polévka" - potato soup;
"Zelná polévka" - sauerkraut soup;
“Kuřecí polévka” - chicken noodle soup;
“Hovězí guláš s knedlíkem” - beef goulash with dumplings;
“Pečené kuře s brambory” - fried chicken with potatoes;
“Knedlíky” - dumplings are made with a variety of fillings;
"Jablečný závin" - apple strudel;
Medovník ”- a cake with honey.

A traditional Czech alcoholic drink is beer. As in some other European countries, beer in the Czech Republic began to be brewed in monasteries in the early Middle Ages. Now Czech beer is famous all over the world.

Czech Attractions

For lovers of attractions, the Czech Republic is an ideal country. In the Czech Republic there are many different sights, and it is difficult for us to choose the best of them. Nevertheless, in our opinion, the top ten sights of the Czech Republic include the following:

Cities and resorts of the Czech Republic

The largest cities in the Czech Republic are Brno, Pilsen, Ostrava, and, of course, Prague.

The Czech Republic is known for its ski resorts with well-developed skiing infrastructure. The most popular Czech ski resorts are Harrachov, Jablonec nad Jizerou, Rokytnice nad Jizerou, Spindleruv Mlyn, Pec pod Snezka, Gruby Jeseník, Velke Losiny, Bozi Dar, and Liberec. Due to the large amount of snow, the skiing season in the Czech Republic lasts from December to April.

Tourists in the Czech Republic come not only to admire the sights of this country and to ski at local ski resorts. In the Czech Republic there are a large number of mineral springs, and, as a result, tourists come to this country very often for balneological resorts. Karlovy Vary has a reputation as a world-class balneological resort.

Other popular Czech spa resorts are Marianske Lazne, Františkov Lazne, Jáchymov, Teplice, Luhacovice, and Podebrady.

Souvenirs / Shopping

How it all began
The second name of the Czech Republic is Bohemia. It came from an ancient Celtic tribe of battles that populated the territory of modern Northern Bohemia in prehistoric times. Then the Celts were replaced by the German tribes of the Marcoman, and in the V century they were replaced by the Slavs, from whom the modern Czechs descended.
The Slavic state, which reached its peak by the beginning of the 11th century and was called Great Moravia, has a very strange fate. Firstly, none of the historians can say exactly where the capital of this state was. Secondly, despite the fact that Great Moravia had a rather impressive territory (it included Slovakia, Bohemia, as well as part of present-day Austria and Hungary), by the beginning of the 10th century this state had broken up. Great Moravia was a Christian country, its apostles Cyril and Methodius became its baptists, just as in Russia.

"I see the city of gold!"
Thanks to the efforts of the first Czech princely dynasty of Przemysłowicz, a new unification of the country took place between X and XIV centuries. One of the most significant figures of this dynasty was Prince Wenceslas I, who later became a saint and considered the patron saint of the Czech Republic. The appearance of the capital of the Czech state, the city of Prague, is associated with the same period. According to an old legend, this event was predicted by Princess Libushe, the mythological pioneer of the Przemyslovich family. Looking from the steep bank of the Vltava River to the place where Prague is now located, she prophetically exclaimed: “I see a city of gold, its glory will ascend to the stars!” Of course, the legend is a legend and historians, as always, have their own opinion on this issue : they believe that Prague became the capital after Prince Przemyslovich-Borjevo moved his residence here.
Despite the fact that Bohemia (that is what the Czech Republic was called in ancient times) had its own princely dynasty, it was part of the German Empire. The situation changed in the second half of the XII century, during the reign of Prince Przemysl Ottakar II. He managed not only to get out of submission to the German Empire and establish autocracy in Bohemia, but also to expand the boundaries of his possessions by joining Austria, Styria, Carinthia and Krajn in the Czech lands. True, the triumph of Przemysl did not last long: the prince died in the war following the events for the German crown.

Luxembourg
Following Przemysl Ottakar II in the Czech city of Olomouc, another representative of the Przemysłowicz clan was killed - Prince Wenceslas III. The dynasty ceased to exist. The question of who should rule the following was soon resolved: in 1310, the wedding of 14-year-old John of Luxembourg to the 18-year-old daughter of Vaclav III Elishka (Elizabeth) took place. Despite his young age - which, incidentally, was in the order of things - John annexed to Bohemia Cheb and a significant part of Silesia. Together, the new regions began to be called the lands of the Czech crown.
John of Luxembourg was a good king, but had one fatal weakness for himself: he loved to fight. When there were no wars and skirmishes in his own state, he went after them to other countries. Naturally, this passion did not lead to anything good: in 1346, John died at the Battle of Crescy, opposing the British on the side of the French.
The throne passed to the son of John Charles IV, who was crowned as emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. The personality of this ruler is so interesting that it deserves a separate discussion. Karl was a more practical and less ambitious ruler than his father, and showed a keen interest in all the political affairs of his country. The biography of Charles IV is full of interesting facts. So, for example, few people know that the Czech king had a completely different name: at birth he was called Vaclav IV, but since he was brought up at the French court, they began to call him Karl there. Incidentally, this fact is the reason that Charles IV is sometimes confused with his son, also named Wenceslas IV.
Charles IV ascended the throne, being almost a child. He did not know the Czech language at all, and immediately surrounded by many evil advisers who wanted to usurp power, formally leaving the reign of the young king. However, despite his age, Karl turned out to be a very subtle and intelligent politician. Having guessed the plans of his insidious minions, he learned the Czech language in a very short time and took the reins of government in his own hands.
Charles IV is called the father of the Czech people. Indeed, this wise and enlightened ruler did a lot for his country, and the times of his reign became the zenith of the power and prosperity of the Czech Republic. It was with him that the first Charles University in Central Europe was created, the Charles Bridge and the magnificent St. Vitus Cathedral in Prague were built, as well as many churches and monasteries throughout the Czech Republic. In those days, Prague was considered the third city of the Christian West after Rome and Constantinople. The gilded tablet on the Old Town Hall reads: "Prague is the head of the empire." The emperor came up with a plan for the Prague New Town and personally supervised the construction; Karlstejn Castle and the spa of Karlovy Vary were also named after Charles IV. Among the merits of Karl should include the beginning of winemaking in the Czech Republic.

Hussite Wars
After the death of Charles IV, the eldest son, Vaclav IV, became the owner of the Czech crown. The period of his reign was marked by economic, national and religious conflicts. The prerequisites for these conflicts arose even under Charles IV. The fact is that, being a very devout person and, moreover, having influential friends in the Vatican, Karl actively supported the clergy. At the end of his reign, it had such wealth and privileges that it could not but cause discontent among the population of the country.
In order for these public moods to grow into something more, an ideological leader was needed. And such a person soon appeared. He became a professor of theology at the University of Prague Jan Hus. In his sermons, which took place in the Bethlehem Chapel, Hus condemned the depravity of the clergy, called for the deprivation of the church property and subordinate it to secular power, demanded reform of the church, opposed German domination in the Czech Republic. The further fate of Jan Hus is known to everyone. At first he was excommunicated, but, despite this, he continued to secretly preach in Czech towns. Then, by decision of the church council, which was held in the German city of Konstanz, Hus was sentenced to death. The execution of Hus took place on July 6 (now this day is a public holiday of the Czech Republic). Every Czech first-grader knows the last words of the great reformer that he uttered after the last time he was offered to give up his ideas: “Do not renounce!” The execution of Jan Hus became the spark from which the flames of the 20-year-old Hussite Wars flared up. This revolution left a deep mark in the history of the country, but did not lead to any significant results. By compromising with the supporters of the Reformation, the church fulfilled only social, not religious, requirements.

The Habsburgs
In 1526, the Austrian Archduke Ferdinand I of Habsburg became king of Bohemia. This dynasty was destined to rule the country until 1918. The emperor who left the most visible and vivid mark in the history of the Czech Republic was Rudolph II. Of course, this was a man with an extraordinary and interesting character. He kept a lion as a pet, was an avid art lover and mystic. Rudolph collected a very large collection of paintings, including the works of the geniuses of the Italian Renaissance - Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael. Rudolph’s passion for everything connected with supernatural forces has led Prague to become the world capital of alchemy for almost thirty years. Mages and alchemists flocked here from all over Europe in the hope of receiving the patronage of the emperor.
Rudolph II was the only representative of the Habsburg dynasty who wished to move to Prague (the rest of the Habsburgs ruled the country from Vienna). As once under Charles IV, and during the reign of Rudolph, the capital of the Czech state became the cultural center of the Holy Roman Empire. Many Baroque-style buildings have been built here, including the Loret Church and St. Nicholas Cathedral. In 1611, under pressure from relatives, Rudolph II was forced to abdicate in favor of his brother Mattias. The fact is that the emperor suffered from a severe form of syphilis, accompanied by dementia.
Subsequent representatives of the Habsburg clan began pursuing a policy of tightening the nuts: one after the other all the liberties, on which the loyal and democratic Rudolph II was so generous, were canceled. In 1618, the political situation in the country escalated to such an extent that it resulted in an event called “Second Prague tossing from the windows”: a group of 27 Bohemian nobles threw two imperial governors and their secretaries from the windows of the royal palace. This rebellion was one of the reasons for the beginning of the Thirty Years' War - Protestant Bohemia rebelled against Catholic Austria. The decisive battle in this war was the battle of the White Mountain, which the Protestants lost. More than 30,000 Protestant families were forced to leave the country, and Prague for many years turned into a provincial city. In the history of the Czech Republic, a "dark era" of economic and cultural stagnation has come. During this period, the official language of the state is German, all the key posts in the state pass to the Germans, and they occupy leading positions in the economy. Many Czech nobles and intellectuals leave the country.

Awakening Nation
The period of the reign of the Austrian Archduke Mary-Theresa was marked by the awakening of national identity, the whole country was swept by peasant uprisings. Under the emperors Joseph II and Leopold II, a revival of Czech culture takes place: theaters perform in the Czech language, the works of the historian Frantisek Palacki are published. Aware of the threat posed to the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Emperor Franz Joseph tries to stop the revolutionary mood in the country, but he fails to do so.

World War I and the end of the Austro-Hungarian Empire
Already during the First World War, such prominent Czech politicians as T. Masaryk, E. Benes and M. Stefanik found refuge first in Switzerland and then in Paris. They manage to convince the allies of the need to create an independent Slavic state between Germany and Austria.
At the end of the war, on October 28, 1918, a significant event took place: the Czechoslovak Republic was proclaimed in Prague. On November 14 of the same year, its first president, Tomas Masaryk, was elected. In 1935, he was replaced by Eduard Benes.

The Second World War
However, the newly formed state did not last long. After the conclusion of the so-called Munich Treaty of 1938, fascist Germany captured the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia, populated mainly by Germans. On March 14, 1939, Slovakia declared its independence, and the very next day fascist troops invaded Czech territory. More than 300,000 Czechs and Slovaks found their death in the camps of the Third Reich; the invaders destroyed 200,000 Czechoslovak Jews.

The period of communism and the Prague Spring
On May 5, 1945, Red Army troops liberated the Czech Republic from German invaders. Soon after World War II, the Czechoslovak Republic fell into the sphere of influence of the USSR. Democratic parties failed to confront the Communists, who received 40% of the vote in the 1946 election.
Among the numerous attempts to reform or improve the communist system was the famous “Prague Spring” (1969): in response to the attempt by the Czech Communists, led by Alexander Dubcek, to build “socialism with a human face”, the Warsaw Pact countries sent troops to Czechoslovakia.

Change of regime and the collapse of Czechoslovakia
Mass protests and demonstrations that swept the country at the end of the 80s of the 20th century were called the Velvet Revolution. A general strike followed, leading to a regime change. The playwright and former dissident Vaclav Havel became the new president of Czechoslovakia.
On January 1, 1993, in connection with “insurmountable contradictions”, the Czechoslovak state was peacefully divided into two independent republics - the Czech Republic and Slovakia. These states have always followed different political courses: while Slovakia was guided by the policies of Moscow, the Czech Republic was equal to European countries. In 1999, the Czech Republic became part of NATO, and in 2004 became a member of the EU. On December 21, 2007, the Czech Republic joined the countries participating in the Schengen Agreement. This means that with a Czech visa you can freely travel around the cities and towns of other European countries that are part of the aforementioned agreement. By train or by renting a car. The latter option, of course, is better, because it allows you to independently develop an interesting route option for you, change the scenario during the trip and generally feel free from any schedules and whims of strangers during your own vacation. It is best to ride around Germany and Austria, combining a visit to large cities with small provincial ones - in order to fully experience the flavor of local life.

Useful data for tourists about the Czech Republic, cities and resorts of the country. As well as information about the population, Czech currency, cuisine, features of visa and customs restrictions of the Czech Republic.

Geography of the Czech Republic

The Czech Republic is a state in Central Europe. It borders with Poland, Germany, Austria and Slovakia. Uplands and low mountains predominate in the country's landscape - the Czech massif, bordered by the Šumava Mountains, the Czech Forest, the Krkonoše Mountains and the Czech-Moravian Upland. The largest river is the Vltava with a length of 440 km.

State

Government structure

Democratic Republic. The head of state is the president. Legislature - bicameral parliament (Senate and Chamber of Deputies).

Tongue

State language: Czech

Widespread German, English, French and Russian.

Religion

Catholics (39%), Protestants (5%), Orthodox (3%), atheists and others.

Currency

International name: CZK

Czech koruna is equal to 100 gellers. In circulation are banknotes of 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000 and 5000 kroons and coins of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 kroons, as well as 50, 20 and 10 hellers. Allowed the import of goods in the amount of not more than 3,000 kroons.

In private exchange offices charge up to 10%. In hotels, the amount of commission is reduced to 5%. In banks, the size of the commission is 2%. When exchanging currency at the central exchange points, a passport is required, according to which a receipt is issued, which is necessary for the reverse currency exchange upon departure from the country.

In banks, hotels, large stores and restaurants, Eurochecks and credit cards are accepted. In cities - a lot of ATMs, in which at any time you can get Czech crowns by credit cards. Traveller's checks are cashed in major tourist centers and in most banks.

Czech History

In the 9th century, Czechs adopted Christianity and founded the Kingdom of Bohemia around 900. In the second half of the 14th century, Bohemia reached its peak under King Charles 1 (aka Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, Charles IV). At the beginning of the 15th century, the state was shaken by “Hussite wars,” whose leader Jan Hus, fought both against the Catholic Church and against the German dominance in government. However, the Hussites were defeated, and in 1620, Bohemia and Moravia were declared provinces of the Habsburg Empire.

The First World War gave an impetus to the national liberation movement and after the war, on October 18, 1918, the Republic of Czechoslovakia was proclaimed in Prague. In the interwar period, Czechoslovakia became one of the most developed countries in Eastern Europe. In 1938, Germany occupied the Sudetenland, and later Bohemia and Moravia, declaring them a German protectorate.

In 1945, Czechoslovakia was restored to its former borders (with the exception of the eastern region of Ruthenia, annexed to the Soviet Union). In 1990, the country was renamed the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic, but even then the tendency towards separation of the country intensified and on January 1, 1993, the Czech Republic and Slovakia became independent states. The Czech Republic is a member of the UN, GATT, WHO, an associate member of the EU.

Popular Attractions

Tourism in the Czech Republic

Where to stay

The Czech Republic attracts tourists from all over the world with its famous balneological resorts, ancient cities, some of which are considered the most beautiful and romantic in the world, as well as good service in hotels. In this country you can find housing for every taste.

The classification of hotels here is the same as in the rest of Europe - from one to five stars. The hotel rank must be confirmed every four years, so you can be sure that the service and star rating are consistent. In addition, each hotel also has a corresponding designation indicating the type of accommodation - hotel, guesthouse, etc.

In the Czech Republic you will find fashionable hotels of one of the world chains (Marriott, Hilton, Ibis), and hotels located in ancient castles and palaces, and private pensions, hostels, and youth hotels. The cost of living depends on the level of services provided, and on the location relative to historical monuments and the city center.

Students and those tourists who prefer a budget vacation option can stay in a guesthouse or guest house. Here you will be offered a comfortable stay - cozy clean rooms without frills, a private bathroom, breakfast. You can also rent apartments or stay in a private house. In the Czech Republic during the summer holidays you can stay in one of the student dormitories. Less comfortable, but also the cheapest rooms - in former working dormitories with a shared bathroom.

About 200 modern and well-equipped campsites operate in the Czech Republic. Here you can spend the night in a tent or a house, use the plumbing, electricity, laundry services. On some territory there are also bars, shops.

For those who prefer unity with nature, and a leisurely family vacation, accommodation is offered at one of the many farms, historical estates, converted mills.

Featured Hotels

Tours and attractions in the Czech Republic

The Czech Republic is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Europe. This is a country with a rich centuries-old history, ancient traditions and many interesting sights. Here you will find charming medieval cities, beautiful ancient castles, magnificent natural landscapes, famous for all mineral springs and, of course, traditional Czech cuisine and beer.

The heart of the country, its pearl and a favorite destination for tourists, of course, is its capital - the unusually beautiful city of Prague, spread out on picturesque hills, on the banks of the Vltava River. Prague is one of the most beautiful cities in the world, which is simply impossible not to fall in love at first sight. It seems that time has no power over this magical city ... Its narrow cobblestone streets, where the spirit of medieval Prague is so keenly felt, unique architectural structures that perfectly illustrate the culture and history of the city, as well as the cordiality and hospitality of local residents attract a huge number of tourists from all over the world of the world. The main historical and architectural landmark of Prague is rightfully considered the majestic Prague Castle and, located on its territory, St. Vitus Cathedral is one of the best examples of the Gothic style in Europe. You should definitely visit the Tyn Church, Charles Bridge, the Old Town Hall in the square of the same name, Vysehrad, the Old Royal Palace, Strahov Monastery, Loreta Monastery, Wenceslas Square, the National Museum and take a walk along the famous Golden Lane (Zlata ulitsa). No less interesting are Troy Castle, the Royal Summer Palace Belvedere, Anega Monastery, the Basilica of St. Jiri (George), the Maiselov Synagogue, the Dancing House and the Prague Zoo (one of the largest in Europe). However, all the sights of Prague cannot be listed, but they are certainly worth seeing with your own eyes.

In the vicinity of the capital, the most interesting places are the Gothic Imperial Castle Karlstejn, located in a surprisingly picturesque place on a huge rock above the Berounka River, the hunting castle of Czech kings Krshivoklat, Konopiste Castle and the beautiful medieval town of Kutna Hora with many attractions and its main shrine - Holy Cathedral Barbarians. On the outskirts of Kutna Hora, in the town of Siedlec, it is worth visiting the Chapel of All Saints or the so-called “Kostinitsa”, the impressive and somewhat frightening interior of which is made of human bones. Not far from Prague (only 65 km) is located one of the most picturesque places in the Czech Republic - Lake Makhovy.

The Czech Republic is famous for a huge number of beautiful old castles. Among the most famous and impressive masterpieces of medieval architecture (besides the ones mentioned above), it is worth noting the castles of Orlik, Cesky Sternberg, the castle of Hluboká nad Vltavou, Zvikov, Detenice, Špilberk, Melnik, Kost, Sychrov, Жleby, Dobříš Palace and Krumlov Castle. Of particular interest are Lednice Castle and the Feldsberg Palace, combined into a single “Lednice-Valdice Cultural Complex” - a masterpiece of park design of enormous size (included in the UNESCO World Heritage List).

The most famous Czech resort, of course, is Karlovy Vary. Legends have been circulating about the healing properties of the hot mineral springs of this resort for centuries. In addition, it is a very beautiful and green city. The balneological resort Teplice (one of the oldest resorts in the Czech Republic), as well as the resorts Marianske Lazne, Frantiskovy Lazne, Jáchymov, Bechin, Jesenik, Podebrady, Luhacovice, etc. are especially popular. Winter sports lovers should visit Harrachov, Spindleruv Mlyn and Pec pod Sniezka.

You will find a lot of interesting sights in such beautiful Czech cities as Brno, Pilsen, Pardubice, Olomouc, Tabor and Liberec. Especially popular among nature lovers are the Czech Paradise nature reserves (the ruins of the Trosky fortress and the Castle of Costa are located on its territory), Czech Switzerland and the Moravian Karst.

Tip

In restaurants, tips do not exceed 10% of the total order value. So much for a taxi driver and guide.

Visa

Office hours

Grocery stores are open from 6am. Department stores are open from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. on weekdays, and on Saturday until 13 p.m. Banks are open on weekdays from 9 a.m. to 2 p.m.-6 p.m. Exchange offices are open until 18-20 hours, some work around the clock.

Museums and historical sites are closed to visitors on Monday and the day following the holidays. Most finish work at 6 p.m. Ticket sales stop one hour before closing. The Jewish Museum in Prague is closed on Saturdays and Jewish holidays.

Purchases

There is an opportunity for a VAT refund of 25% for most consumer goods (for services, gasoline and food products - 5%).

It is possible to get a discount on the purchased goods in the amount of VAT (up to 22%) if purchased from one seller within one day in the amount of 2.5 thousand crowns. The tourist must personally take the purchased goods abroad to the Czech Republic no later than 60 days from the date of purchase, having received a confirmation mark on the form of the document attached to the sales receipt. The right to VAT refund is valid for 3 months, starting from the end of the calendar month in which the purchase was made. The quantity of goods should not exceed personal need, and the product itself should be intended exclusively for personal consumption. VAT is not refunded for food products, alcoholic beverages and tobacco products, gasoline, etc.

Souvenirs

Tourists bring from the Czech Republic: alcoholic beverages, beer and beer glasses, the famous tinctures Becherovka and Slivovitsa, absinthe; Czech waffles with different fillings; Bohemian crystal (vases, glasses, chandeliers); jewelry made of silver and pomegranate. The most unusual souvenir from Karlovy Vary is the salt rose. It is lowered into the source, and, saturated with salts, it is petrified. You can also buy jars of fragrant bath salt.

Shopping is best done in stores and keep a receipt until customs clearance.

Emergency phones

Police - 156
Ambulance - 155
Fire Protection - 150

National features of the Czech Republic. Traditions

Since January 1, 2006, in the Czech Republic it is forbidden to smoke at stops, as well as in public places, if they are not equipped with isolated places for smokers. Violators of the ban face a fine of 1,000 kroons ($ 41.90).

Questions and feedback about the Czech Republic

Karlovy Vary - Q & A

Jachymov - Question-Answer

Question answer

Cesky Krumlov - Question-Answer