Cheap flights to Kostanay
Geographic Encyclopedia
KUSTAN Modern Encyclopedia
KUSTAN - (in 1893 95 Nikolaevsk) a city in Kazakhstan, the center of the Kustanai region, on the river. Tobol. Railway junction. 233.9 thousand inhabitants (1991). Food, light industry. Chemical fiber software. Metalworking. 2 universities. Theatre of Drama. Museum of Local Lore. ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
bustle - n., number of synonyms: 2 city (2765) Nikolaev (3) Dictionary of synonyms ASIS. V.N. Trishin. 2013 ... Synonym dictionary
Kustanay - a city in the Turgai region., in the 919 century. from Orenburg, on the Tobol River. K. grew up with amazing speed, on the American model. The extraordinary fertility of the surrounding steppe soil, the non-stop growth of trade and industry allow him now ... ... Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron
Kustanay - (in 1893 95 Nikolaevsk), city, regional center in Kazakhstan, on the Tobol River. 233.9 thousand inhabitants. Railway junction. Food (flour, meat and other), chemical (fiber), metal industry. 2 universities. 3 museums (including ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary
Kustanay - (in 1893 95 Nikolaevsk), a city in Kazakhstan, the center of the Kustanai region, on the river. Tobol. Railway junction. 232.1 thousand inhabitants (1995). Food, light industry. Khimvolokno software. Metalworking. 2 universities. Theatre of Drama. Local history ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Kustanay - (in 1893 95 Nikolaevsk) the city, the center of the Kustanai region of the Kazakh SSR. Located on the left bank of the river. Tobol. Node w. d. lines to Chelyabinsk, Tobol, Sands Virgin. 134 thousand inhabitants (1972; in 1939 34 thousand inhabitants). Founded in 1883; rights… … Great Soviet Encyclopedia
KUSTAN - city, c. Kustanai region Kazakh. SSR (since 1936), f. D. node; located on the river. Tobol. Jan 1 1964 108 p. (in 1897 it was 14.3 tons, in 1923 it was 21 tons, in 1939 it was 33.5 tons, in 1959 it was 86 tons). DOS in 1879, received the rights of the city in 1893. In 1912, 13 K. was ... ... Soviet historical encyclopedia
Kustanay - city, c. Kustanai region, Kazakhstan. It was founded in 1883 in Russian. and Ukrainian immigrants in the tract Kustanay (Kazakh. Kostanay). Etymology is not established; perhaps the name is associated with some kind of subdivision of the Kazakh, a kind of tan who once lived in ... ... Toponymic Dictionary
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See how the price of air tickets to Kostanay changed depending on the time of purchase. Since the start of sales, their value has changed on average by 74%. The minimum price in the direction of Kostanay is 58 days before departure, approximately 11,642 rubles. The maximum price in the direction of Kostanay is 49 days before departure, approximately 38,733 rubles. In most cases, early booking helps save money, take advantage of this!
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In 1868, the Turgai region was created from the Urals to the Aral Sea - one of several that was then established in the Kyrgyz steppe, and almost the most deaf - it had only one tiny city, Aktyubinsk, and the fortresses of Irgiz and Turgai. Even the administration of the region was located in Orenburg "for lack of a city or settlement appropriate to the needs." They only began to correct this situation in 1879, when Governor Nikolai Kryzhanovsky laid the village of Novo-Nikolaevka in the tract Urdobay. The place was almost immediately considered dead, and a few months later the village was moved 9 miles down Tobol to the Kustanay tract, where by 1893 it had grown to the city, originally (until 1895) called Nikolaev. Finally, by 1902, Kustanay, with 14 thousand people, accepted the administration of the Turgai region, becoming the fourth regional center in what is now Kazakhstan (after Uralsk, Semipalatinsk and Verny, that is, Alma-Ata), and already in 1913 the railway came here. In parallel, the city turned into the capital of the Gray Klin - a real Ukrainian colony created in Western Siberia by “Stolypin” immigrants: by the beginning of the twentieth century, Ukrainians in Kustanai district accounted for 40% of the population, surpassing both Kazakhs (30%) and Russians (20%). And finally, in 1954, it was Kustanai that became the springboard for the development of Tselina, and even in our time the steppes around the city are mostly plowed up.
All this in Kustanai (210 thousand inhabitants, more than 60% - Russians and Ukrainians) is noticeable even now: one of the most well-groomed in Kazakhstan, open to the world, a light and bright city like a Little Russian, in a typical Ural landscape. But with the sights here, frankly, not a lot.
The Ukrainian influence in Kustanai begins with the mutual location of the railway station and bus station: on opposite ends of the city, and the logic of the latter’s location is absolutely not clear - this is extremely unusual for Kazakhstan (where usually “temir-zhol-stations” and “saparzhay” stand nearby) but quite often found in Ukraine. I arrived in Kustanai by bus from Troitsk (it takes about 4 hours, including crossing the border), and the first impression of the city was this:
The bus enters the city past dozens of shopping centers of various directions: it is clearly visible that one of the specialties of Kustanai is cross-border trade: I suspect half of the Chelyabinsk region goes to shop here. The city itself, even in the sleeping areas, looks very neat. Yes, and buses around the city run mostly brand new, and from the bus station to the center to drive another 20 minutes.
A strange brick wall, reminiscent of the Russian Kremlin and the Turkestan citadel at once, the buildings for which I first mistook for a prison, but according to Wikimapia it’s just a Gorvodokanal:
At the next stop, there is a small New Mosque with memorable "twisted" domes on minarets:
Almost next door to which is a very impressive synagogue, I think the second largest in Kazakhstan after Astana:
And there, even a stone's throw to the center ... But maybe you didn’t come here by bus, but by train? The huge station built in 1974 is now the real Western Gate for Kazakhstan. The building is rather dull, but note that the porch is set slightly at an angle:
From the station to Tobol, the main street leads through the center, which for some reason is called Al-Farabi Avenue. The fact is that this Arab sage of the 9th century, who interpreted the works of Aristotle and Plato and influenced such historical figures as Avicenna or ibn Rushd, was really born on the territory of present-day Kazakhstan, in Arabian Maverranahr, and according to some versions was of Turkic origin, in connection with which the Kazakhs consider him theirs. But why the main avenue got his name in the young northern Kustanai is a mystery to me.
The beginning of the avenue is generally rather dull, and I didn’t look around very much, because I was late for the train. The first building that stands out is the water park on the frame above, behind which on the parallel street lies Tselinnikov Square - one of the two main squares of Kustanai. Back in 1984, she received just such a monument to the Conquerors of Tselin, who here look more like the conquerors of some ancient city:
And already in our time - a really beautiful building of the Kazakh Drama Theater named after Ilyas Omarov:
Almost obliquely from the water park right on Al-Farabi, there is an impressive size of the CHP:
Looking through a transparent fence to the site of which, you can see the first pre-revolutionary building - probably an old power station or a steam mill:
The next historical building is still two blocks away: the Russian Drama and Puppet Theater, rebuilt in 1922 from the Furor private cinema (1909):
A quarter later - the former elementary school (1908), now occupied by the children's art school:
Behind which the City Center begins. Perhaps the main feature of Kustanaya is a pedestrian space measuring some 500 by 500 meters, occupying several blocks around the intersection of Al-Farabi Avenue and Altynsarin Street. The avenue here merges into the vast square in front of the Akimat, and the City Center is opened by the unusual Stalinist turret for Kazakhstan, popularly known as the Chess Club:
Baityrsynova Street runs perpendicularly with the building of Kustanai University in the 1930s, where the regional committee was originally located:
On the other hand, the coziest Central Square adjoins Baityrsynova Street with summer cafes and an amusement park, and the Kazakh-French Trade Center closes the street, from the top floor of which the title frame of the post was shot:
Inside are ordinary boutiques, cafes and communication salons, except that reproductions of French paintings, panoramas of Paris and drawings of the local architectural masterpieces are hung on the walls. It’s much more fun than the sculpture at the entrance - on the one hand, the Girl-with-laptop is carried away by some business under the protection of a knight:
On the other, Napoleon looks thoughtfully at Mademoiselle, but apparently his pride does not allow him to get off the pedestal. Mademoiselle is constantly taking pictures of someone:
But back to Al-Farabi. If you look in the opposite direction from the point from which frame No. 16 was shot, this kind of view will open. In the foreground is the People’s House (1896), behind it the corner of the Yaushevs passage (1902), then the busy Altynsarin street, followed by the Post Office (if I am not mistaken, a heavily given, but still constructivist monument, is a rarity in Kazakhstan, especially even in Alma-Ata, the available constructivist buildings are much smaller in size), and on the left is a new building occupied by various government agencies. Between them you can see how the avenue after a couple of blocks abruptly goes down to the meadows of Tobol:
At the crossroads of modern Al-Farabi and Altynsarin (initially, respectively, Bolshaya and Sobornaya) was the center of Old Kustanay. On different sides of Al-Farabi there are two trading houses - to the right of the merchant Kargin (1913):
And on the left - the Yaushev brothers (1902). About the Yaushevs, I already - it was the richest dynasty there, which had shops in Chelyabinsk, Kazan, Tashkent, of course, in Troitsk itself and here. The Kustanai House of the Yaushevs cannot boast of such exquisite architecture - and yet it is the most impressive old building in the city. Moreover, the house of Kargin is in some places indicated as the house of the Bashkirovs - another Trinity dynasty, the main rivals of the Yaushevs.
The museum of local lore now lives in the Yaushevsky passage, which was closed on the day of my arrival ... but the museum courtyard was almost always open, and its appearance again reminded me of Ukraine:
Even the “stone women" are familiar - yet once it was a single Great Scythia, and later the Polovtsian steppe. The sculpture on the right is much more specific: it is kulpytas, an anthropomorphic stele that Kazakhs placed on the graves in the Middle Ages. More precisely, the kulpytases were not purely gravestones - rather, it was a kind of analogue of Christian crosses, which could be at least a tombstone, at least a landmark, and they certainly noted whose land it was:
The courtyard of the Yaushev passage is in communication with the courtyard of the People’s House, where another memorial is located - the “Firing wall”. Considering that it was created already in 1919, it is not difficult to guess who shot whom here, and it is even more interesting that it has not yet been converted from the monument to the victims of the Reds to the monument to the victims of the Reds:
There are bullet marks on the wall, I don’t know how authentic they are:
In the same courtyard - guns of the 19th century, and the fence was built several years ago to separate the memorial from the restaurant courtyard:
And the pedestrian zone of the City Center continues beyond the Altynsarin street - there is a whole square surrounded by various public institutions. among which a merchant’s house was clambered:
And the museum of Ibrai Altynsarin, a Kazakh writer and enlightener of the late 19th century, the founder of secular education among Kazakhs, a translator into the Kazakh language of Tolstoy's prose. During his life (1841-1889), he managed to organize several schools in Troitsk and Kustanai, participated in the creation of the renovationist school - in general, Kazakhstan owes a lot to it in its current prosperity.
Behind Abay Avenue, the City Center ends, on the corner is the White Mosque (1893), built with the funds of the same Yaushev, and in my opinion one of the most beautiful and original in Kazakhstan:
At the very least, both composition and design are unlike traditional Tatar architecture - all this is much closer to the “experiment with form” characteristic of post-Soviet Kazakhstan. But do not forget that it was the Tatars who were the main merchants of Kazakhstan, in Kustanai they founded, including the first bazaar - the huge Narimanov market, and as it seemed to me from conversations with fellow travelers on trains, the Kazakhs relate to the Tatars roughly like many other peoples - to the Jews.
Behind the mosque, the avenue abruptly goes down, and the last remarkable building on it is the Soviet shoe factory:
With very nice, though not amenable to adequate photography, mosaics:
The avenue goes down to Tobol, whose floodplain here looks very messy:
Two bridges cross the river - Small and Big Zatobolsky. Small - almost pontoon, exceptionally pedestrian, but it is precisely it that is located in the alignment of Al-Farabi Avenue. Bolshoi Zatobolsky bridge continues Tarana street, and the main exit from the city - just along it:
The same Tobol, which gave the name Tobolsk, and in the basin of which lies almost the whole of the Trans-Urals, including Yekaterinburg, Tyumen and Chelyabinsk. Tobol, Ishim and Irtysh form the real Kazakhstan Siberia, which in the Soviet era was given the name Tselina. On Tobol - Kustanay, on Ishim - Astana and Petropavlovsk, on Irtysh - Ust-Kamenogorsk, Semipalatinsk, Pavlodar. And at least Ishim and Tobol in Kazakhstan are rather inconspicuous - slow, muddy, with swampy shores. From the bridge you can see almost wild floods:
During the development of Tselina, behind the bridge there was a 5-meter inscription “NNN tons of grain collected”, where the numbers were updated every week - but it seems that now there is no trace of it. Tobol serves as the official border of the city, but the village of Zatobolsk is clearly visible from the bridge (23 thousand inhabitants, founded in 1881, the official center of Kustanai district):
From the bridge, I went up to Kairbekova Street and went along it to the right - I had to walk about two kilometers through the private sector, which in Kustanai is interesting in itself. Siberia adjoins here:
And Central Asia:
And I went to the old brewery, which was built in 1897-1908 by a Trinity merchant of Swiss origin Anton Lorenz, who launched the production of East Bavaria beer (a similar brew was also made in Troitsk). And it was at that time the only brewery in the whole territory of modern Kazakhstan!
Quite an interesting architecture, a very authentic look, and continuous use for its intended purpose:
I didn’t test the beer itself (because I’m not an amateur), but there is also a store at the factory, and next to several shops they sell an appetizer caught in Tobol:
Meanwhile, a very unexpected unit suddenly arrived at a plant stop:
Kustanai is probably the only city in the former USSR where double-deckers work on domestic routes (more precisely, Wikipedia claims that they are also found in Barnaul and St. Petersburg - but for some reason I did not see them). In Kustanai, a double-decker bus serves only one route number 18, circling the city center around the perimeter. And of course, I considered it my duty to ride on it.
However, it was this double-decker who left me from under my nose, and I walked back to Altynsarin Street, where Konstantin-Eleninsky Cathedral (2004) is about a kilometer from the City Center:
To which the wooden Old Church adjoins - as the local father told me, built in 1912:
The cathedral has a very cozy courtyard, as is often the case in Kazakhstan - completely separate from the outside world:
The old church, as you can understand, stood on the settlements. In the pre-revolutionary Kustanai there were two churches destroyed in the 1930s - the wooden church of Mikhail the Archangel (I did not find the exact date, probably the same age as the city):
And the stone St. Nicholas Cathedral (1896):
By the way, the first Catholic parish in Kazakhstan was founded precisely in Kustanai at the end of the 19th century (although the oldest surviving church is).
At the nearest stop, I still caught another double-decker, and drove to the center - of course, on the second floor, which was not so difficult to climb onto (the stairs and the salon are much more convenient than long-distance double-deckers):
Another notable building on the outskirts of the City Center is the Migration Board. It was here that the Gray Wedge was formed, here at Stolypin there were the gates of the "peasant's paradise", as then jokingly called the virgin lands given to the peasants:
And in general, among high-rise buildings and the private sector, one could still look for county houses - for example, Kiyatkin’s house, a very good example of modernity, also famous for the fact that the former landlord, ruined by nationalization, merchant Fyodor Kiyatkin worked there as a janitor in 1928-41. Full enough.
Kustanay.
Arkalyk.
Borovoe (Burabay)
Kokshetau.
Astana and Karaganda. Return.
Lyrical digression number 2. Kazakh necropolis.
Astana Shards of old cities.
Karaganda. Strokes to the portrait.
Akmol (Robin). ALGERIA.
Dolinka and Spassk. Karlag.
Sary-Arka (Karaganda region).
Semirechye (Almaty region).
Alma-ata.
