Elven cities from the lord of the rings. Granite towns of Ulakhan-Sis. Elven city. Minas Tirith on Tol Sirion

General information about Perperikon (according to published sources)

Perperikon is located in the Eastern Rhodopes, 20 km north-east of the town of Kardzhali. The rocky city rises on a rocky peak at an altitude of 470 m. At its foot is the village of Gorna-Krepost (Upper Fortress), and the Perpereshka River flows nearby. The convenient river valley created favorable conditions for life in ancient times, and now it is dotted with dozens of archaeological sites from different eras, the central of which is Perperikon.

Perperikon (6 )

The archaeological medieval complex Perperikon is one of the oldest monumental megalithic monuments carved into the rocks. This is one of the most popular tourist sites in Bulgaria.
Cultural life on the rocky peak began as early as the 5th millennium BC.– she was associated with the cult of the Sun God, which was worshiped by people of the Stone and Bronze Ages. The first sanctuary was created here, in which they brought vessels with gifts for their gods. These rituals continued throughout the entire Bronze Age (ІІІ– II millennium BC).
With the development of metal tools, it became possible to carve stone structures out of solid rock. Then an oval hall with a huge round altar in the center was carved into the rock. There, the priests performed sacred rituals with wine and fire. These rituals were characteristic of the temple of Dionysus, which was long sought after in the Rhodope Mountains.
Recent archaeological research clearly indicates that the temple was located precisely on Perperikon. According to legend, two fateful prophecies were made from the altar of this temple. The first prophesied great conquests and glory to Alexander the Great, and the second, made several centuries later, foreshadowed the coming to power and power of the first Roman emperor, Gaius Julius Caesar, Octavian Augustus.
During the last millennium B.C. and in the first centuries after the birth of Christ, rock-cut temples grew and turned into a city with fortress walls, palaces and adjacent buildings. There probably was also the palace of the king of the Thracian tribe besi. Subsequently, the Romans brought a taste for luxury and sophistication to Perperikon, and the Goths ravaged and burned Perperikon in 378.
At the beginning of the 5th century. After the adoption of Christianity in the Rhodope Mountains, the rocky city of Perperikon turned into the seat of the bishop. In the VІІ-XІV centuries. Perperikon became the center of a thriving area. For this city, battles were repeatedly fought between the Bulgarians and the Byzantines. At the end of the XIV century. The Ottoman Turks took possession and destroyed the fortress, whose ruins were gradually consigned to oblivion.
The sacred city of Perperikon is unique from an archaeological, historical, natural and interfaith point of view; this is one of the wonders of the world. Many finds made during archaeological research on Perperikon can now be seen in the History Museum of the city of Kardzhali.

A source: http://bulgariatravel.org

... Thousands of years ago, Perperikon was a massive rock. Prehistoric people chose this mountain for the performance of religious rites. At first they worshiped huge stones, later they learned how to process them and use them for protection and refuge. Then the Thracians came here. After examining ancient maps, scientists discovered that Pergamon in Thracian language was called Pergamon - the citadel at the top. The first name of the legendary Troy was also Pergamon. The earliest traces of human civilization found at Perperikon date from the late Neolithic period– VI-V millennia BC Remnants of Neolithic pottery found in natural crevices of the cliff .
Then Perperikon was not yet a settlement, cult rites were held here. Perperikon became a settlement in the "copper" era– V-IV millennium BC Exactly the origin of the pits carved in the rock and the fragments of pottery found in them dates back to this time ... Scientists believe that Perperikon reached its apogee in the Bronze Age, in particular the 18th-12th centuries. BC, during the heyday of the Mycenaean and Minoan civilizations.
Perperikon consists of four objects: the citadel, the acropolis on the hill; a palace or temple southeast of the acropolis and two outer cities on the north and south slopes of the hill. No archaeological excavations have been undertaken in the two outer cities, but a survey of the landscape shows that the cities had streets and public and religious buildings carved into the rock. During the domination of the Romans, in the I-IV centuries. AD, most of the houses were located at the foot of the hill, the fertile river valley was densely populated.
The top of the hill was defended by an acropolis, the walls of which were 8 and a half feet thick. The citadel was probably built earlier, the Romans have repeatedly completed and repaired it. The walls of the fortress are made of solid stone blocks without the use of any binding materials. In the eastern part of the acropolis, a basilica-like structure has been preserved. Archaeological research suggests that it was a pagan temple, later converted to a Christian church by the addition of an apse. There are two stone doors in the western part of the temple. A gallery with columns leads from the walls of the church to the middle of the acropolis. About 90 feet below the acropolis is a spectacular palace.

Avallone

Minas Tirith on Tol Sirion

An elven fortress on an island in the middle of a river (Tol Sirion). Built by King Finrod Felagund shortly after coming to Beleriand. For about 400 years, the fortress belonged to the elves of House Finarfin. In 457 of the First Age, it was taken by the army of Angband under the leadership of Sauron. The remnants of the defenders fled to Nargothrond, and the island on which the fortress stood was then called Tol-in-Gaurhot (Werewolf Island). In 465 CE, the island was freed from the rule of Sauron by Luthien Tinuviel, and by the Valinor dog Juan, as a result of which Minas Tirith, deprived of Sauron's will to support him, collapsed. After the War of Wrath, the ruins of the fortress, along with Beleriand, sank to the bottom of the Great Sea.

Nargothrond

The secret citadel and capital of Finrod Felagund, modeled after Menegroth in Doriath. It was cut into the rock above the Narog River and it was possible to get inside only along a narrow mountain serpentine. It was destroyed by the dragon Glaurung, who crept into the city over a new bridge built on the advice of Turin Turambar.

Thangorodrim

Three huge protective mountains above the gates of Angband, created by Melkor. They were destroyed by the dead dragon Ancalagon when he fell from heaven, slain by Earendil.

Utumno

The first stronghold of Melkor to the north in the Iron Mountains. The Sindarin version of the name is Udun. Utumno flourished during the era of the Valar Lamps. It was from Utumno that Melkor attacked the Lamps and began to change the world of Middle-earth. Also in Utumno, he perverted the elves and turned them into orcs. It stood for 1146 years and was destroyed by the Valar during the War of the Elements. Melkor was captured and imprisoned in Valinor. And although Utumno was not completely destroyed, Morgoth did not return to it.

Himring

The hill on which the fortress and capital of Maedhros' domain stood.

The cities of Numenor

Andunie

Armenelos

Capital of Numenor.

Nindamos

A coastal settlement in the south of Numenor.

Ondosto

The central city of Forostar in the north of Numenor.

Romenna

Fortress and port on the east coast of Numenor. Royal Asylum, in other words - "residence".

Eldalonde

The port city of Numenor, located in its western part at the mouth of the Nunduin River, which flows into the Gulf of Eldanna.

Western Middle-earth cities

Aglarond

Aglarond ("Shining Caves") is a network of caves in the White Mountains west of Helm's Gorge. Next to the caves was the Numenorean fortress, later called Hornburg. The inhabitants of Rohan did not appreciate the beauty of the caves, using them as warehouses in case of war. Aglarond was later settled by dwarves who founded their kingdom there.

Annuminas

The harpers of Dol Amroth are famous for their art; the memory of the elves is also strong there and their traditions are well remembered.

During the War of the Ring, Dol Amroth sent 800 warriors to the aid of Minas Tirith, led by the Dol-Amroth prince Imrahil and his knights. During the defense of Minas Tirith, he appeared in the most dangerous places and, together with Gandalf the White, led the garrison. After the death of Denethor II, Prince Imrahil temporarily assumed (with the consent of Aragorn) power in the city.

Dol Amroth's banner is a silver swan ship on a golden field.

Isengard

Linhir

A town in South Gondor near the fords of the Gilraine River, near the Anduin Delta. Site of a local battle during the War of the Ring.

Lon Dar (Lond Daer)

Translated - "Great Harbor". Numenor port at the mouth of the Guatlo River. For most of the Second Age, it remained an important foothold in Numenor. The full name is Lond Daer Ened. The suffix "Ened" means "middle", "in the middle" and explains the position of the city exactly halfway between Lyndon in the north and Pelargir in the south.

Minas Itil

Eastern sister of Minas Anor, "Fortress of the Moon" of Gondor, capital of Ithilien. Founded by the descendants of the Numenoreans. In the Third Age, it was captured by the Nazgul army, during the occupation by the troops of Mordor it was called Minas Morgul. After the victory in the War of the Ring, it was destroyed to the ground.

Minas Tirith

Originally Minas Anor, "Fortress of the Sun" or White City, the capital of Gondor. Founded by the descendants of the Numenoreans. After the capture by the Enemy of Minas Ithil, it was renamed to Minas Tirith ("Guardian Fortress"). During the War of the Ring, it was besieged by the forces of Mordor during the Battle of the Pelennor Fields, but in the end the hordes of Mordor were defeated and scattered.

Meathlond (Gray Harbor)

A port on the west coast of Middle-earth, inhabited by elves. It is under the dominion of Cirdan Shipwreck. Ships of elves who wish to part with Middle-earth sail from the Gray Haven to the Overseas West. Frodo, Bilbo and Gandalf also sailed from the Gray Haven with the elves.

Michel Delving

The administrative center of the Hobbit Shire. The English name sounds like Michel delving, in a number of publications it is translated as Zemleroysk or Mikoryto... The name means "big pits".

Moria

The underground state of the gnomes, consisting of many tunnels and halls. According to the legends of the dwarves of Middle-earth, it was founded by Durin, the First Dwarf. In the Third Age, it was captured by a Balrog, accidentally awakened by the dwarfs, and inhabited by orcs under the rule of Azog, then it received the name - Moria (from the elven "black abyss"). Balin made an unsuccessful attempt to retake Moria shortly before the War of the Ring. In the Fourth Age, it was returned to the rule of the dwarf people.

Moria's original Dwarf name was Kazad-Dum.

Nogrod

An ancient dwarven stronghold in the Blue Mountains, south of Belegost. The dwarven name is Tumunzahar.

Osgiliath

Eglarest

The second port city of Cirdan Korabela on the Falas coast in West Beleriand. It was located south of Britombar, at the mouth of the Nenning River. After the War of Wrath, it ceased to exist along with all of Beleriand.

Edoras

Meduseld Palace (still from The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers).

Eastern Outpost

A fortress on the eastern border of Mordor. Located on the Sirlit River (eng. Sirlith) on the road to Seregost, departing from the Khand tract.

Durtang

An ancient Gondorian castle that became one of the orc fortresses around Udun.

Fangs of Mordor (Morannon)

The defensive twin towers of Mordor. In a place called Kirith Gorgor, where the Mountains of Dusk (Efel Duat) join the Ash Mountains (Ered Litui), there is an entrance to the Black Land, blocked by the Black Gate. During the heyday of Gondor, after the first defeat of Sauron, the Gondorians erected two observation towers at the entrance to the gorge to prevent the return of Sauron's henchmen to Mordor. But in the end the garrison of the towers fell, they came under the control of the Eye and began to be called Karhost and Narhost, Teeth of Mordor.

Tower on the pass Kirit-Ungol

A watchtower built by the Gondorians shortly after the conclusion of the Last Alliance and the fall of Sauron, to defend eastern Ithilien from the threat from Mordor. Thanks to the weakened vigilance of the garrison, or betrayal, the Chief of the Nazgul captured the tower. This probably happened in the year of his return (1980) to Mordor or so. The exit through Kirith Ungol was captured by the forces of darkness for many years. After Sauron's return to Mordor, the fortress served to guard the passage through the Kirit-Ungol pass.

Eastern Middle-earth cities

Gundabad

A mountain at the junction of the Misty and Gray Mountains, in whose dungeons the state of the dwarves was located. In the Third Age, the Orcs captured Gundabad and submitted to Angmar. After the fall of Angmar, the foothill fortress was empty for a long time, but by the time of the War of the Ring, thousands of goblins gathered near the mountain at the call of Sauron's ambassadors.

Dale

A trading city at the foot of Erebor, in the headwaters of the Kelduin. For a long time after the invasion of the dragon, Smaug was abandoned. At the end of the Third Age, restored under the leadership of King Bard the Archer. Currently - the capital of the kingdom of the Barding dynasty.

Dol Guldur

The Dire castle in the south of Mirkwood, Sauron's stronghold during the Second Age. Was destroyed by the united forces of the Light Council. Before the War of the Ring, it again became a haven for the Nazgуловl.

Karn Doom

Esgaroth

A city of people on Dolgoye Lake, standing on a large wooden platform overlooking the water. Esgaroth was a major trading port: from the south, from Dorwinion and from the shores of Lake Run, food and wine were delivered to it, and from the north, from Erebor and the kingdom of the elves to Mirkwood, weapons and jewelry were transported. Its merchants and mayors are renowned for their stinginess and commercial acumen. At the same time, townspeople can be sympathetic and do not tolerate cowardly leaders. In the year 2941 of the Third Age, Esgaroth was destroyed by the dragon Smog, but soon it was rebuilt anew, already on the shore, because none of the townspeople wanted to live on the lake, at the bottom of which the dead dragon rested.

Kolomna is unexpectedly large and outlandishly entwined with rivers and temples.

The old city or the Kremlin is very similar to the Moscow one, with birds or check marks of red brick battlements, differing only in simple rounded towers instead of the openwork Moscow ones. Unfortunately, the Kremlin wall of Kolomna collapsed in some places to the ground.

This journey was not quite ordinary for us - we went by bus, not by car, getting up at an incredible early for us and “pilgrims” to monasteries on foot, looking in amazement as other travelers open the doors of their cars.
We unexpectedly liked being pilgrims - encouraging the dust of a country road with our heels through the soles, being baked by the sun and listening to the silence of the fields.
We walked to the Bobrenev Monastery for a long time, and it slowly and majestically grew in front of us like a snow-white unprecedented field stalactite, decorated with blue and black. In the deep blue sky, the black elegantly outlined domes and the bell tower's tent looked extraordinary and luxurious.

The scent of color, I would say.

And when we turned back, we realized that behind our backs there was no less impressive picture - across the river we could see an elven country - temples and carved aerial bell towers of the Kremlin.

Sharp reflections on the water, lush greenery, bell towers illuminated by the sun, and above all this there is a completely bottomless and amazing sky.
This is HAPPINESS.
Isn't it happiness to see, to feel, to feel like a note woven into the general symphony of the world's beauty?
Have you felt this way? :)))

The city of elves is very small and quite compact. It is hidden in a forested area south of summit 588 at a slight rise between two gullies. It is clear where else the elves live if not in the forest. From the east, on the side where the gloomy Mordor rises through the cleft, all littered with a dead forest, the city of the elves is closed by a powerful fortress wall. The evil fiery breath extends to the very walls of the fortress, dead trees lie everywhere. But the walls and the warriors on the walls take a hit. And further behind the wall is a peaceful and kind town, where there are no tall buildings, rather a stone village, not a city. But the elves do not need much, the main thing is the forest.

1. Fortress wall.

2. View from the fortress wall to Mordor.

3. Detachments of soldiers are always on guard at the fortress wall.

4. This expressive character stands right behind the wall if you go around it to the left. He doesn't have a name yet, but someday Tolkien's fans will come and call everything here. On the other hand, here you can clearly see the separation characteristic of granites, which is sometimes called mattress-like. When weathered, the rock is divided into such separate, somewhat rounded blocks.

Let's walk through the city of elves.

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8. Fortress wall from a different angle.

9. Quarters and streets of the city of Elves.

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14. Forest dwellers and animals are not very shy.

Elven city on the map.

The city of elves in the space photograph.

Elven Geography of Arda

Elven cities

Avallone (Avallone) is a port city of elves on the island of Tol Eressea. Translated from Quenya, it means "located near Valinor."

Alqualonde (Alqualonde, Quenya "Swan Harbor") is a port city in Eldamar (Valinor). Telari settlement. During the Exodus, the Noldor, who followed Fëanor, staged a massacre in the harbors, shedding the blood of their kinsmen and seizing ships. Part of the army, led by Feanor and his sons, moved to Middle-earth, after which the ships were burned. The second, most of the army, led by Fingolfin, set off for Middle-earth by a roundabout route across the ice of the northern sea.

Annuminas is the capital of Arnor, founded by Elendil. Located on the shores of Lake Evendil. In the Third Age it was in desolation, in the Fourth it was rebuilt and turned into the second capital.

Gondolin was the city and secret kingdom of King Turgon in the Ring Mountains. It existed longer than any elven kingdoms and fortresses during the wars between the elves and Morgoth in the Pre-Era.

Lothlorien - forest and elf state at the foot of the Misty Mountains, near the gate of Moria. Celeborn and Galadriel have ruled there since 1980 of the Third Age. In the Fourth Age, it became empty after the mass migration of elves across the Sea.

Menegroth - Capital of Doriath, the kingdom of the Sindar elves in the First Age. It was taken and plundered by the dwarves in the campaign for the Nauglamir, then finally destroyed in the internecine wars with the sons of Feanor.

Ost-in-Edhil - translated from Sindarin "city of elves". The capital of Eregion, destroyed in 1697 of the Second Age during the war of the elves with Sauron.

Rivendell (Rivendell, Imladris) is a city of elves ruled by Elrond, located in the Misty Mountains on the Bruinen River.

Silver Harbor (Meathlond) - a port on the west coast of Middle-earth, inhabited by elves. It is under the dominion of Cirdan Shipwreck. From the Silver Haven, the ships of the elves who wish to part with Middle-earth sail to the Overseas West.

Elven kingdoms

Aman (Blessed Kingdom of Aman, Wa? Linor, Overseas West) - the westernmost continent of Arda, where the Valar came after the destruction of the lamps of Illuin and Ormal.

In the West it is washed by the Ekkaya ocean, and in the east it is surrounded by the Pelori mountain range (protection from Morgoth). There was a single Kalakirn passage through the mountains. On the continent of Aman were the lands of the Valar - Valinor (located on a vast plain) with its capital Valimar. On the shores of the sea was Eldamar - the home of the elves. The outlines of Haman have practically not changed since the creation of the world, however, at the end of the Second Age, after the troops of the Numenoreans tried to seize these lands, Aman and Tol Eressea were removed from the circles of the world by the will of Ilúvatar and from now on it was possible to get there either on an elven ship (Aman - the home of all elves except Avari, but even they could), or with the permission of the Valar.

In the south is the Avatar Desert.

Lorien (translated from Quenya - "land of dreams") - a forest between the Anduin and Celebrant rivers, east of the Misty Mountains, in the territory of Middle-earth. Another name is Lothlorien.

First mention

Just as in Mirkwood in the north, the inhabitants of Lórien were the wood elves - the Galadhrim, who descended from the Avi. Initially, they lived for a long time in the forests along both banks of the upper Anduin.

At the end of the first era, the elves moved to the eastern shore of the Anduin to avoid the proximity of the dwarves. At that time the forest was called Loridan. Wood elf culture was subsequently enriched by fusion with the elves who came from the western mountains at the beginning of the second era, with even the wood elf language gradually being supplanted by the Sindarin language.

Among the newly arrived elves was Amdir, who became the first ruler of the elves. It was Amdir who led Lorien's army during the War of the Ring. Along with him came Galadriel and Celeborn, who also crossed the mountains and the Anduin, fleeing after the destruction of Eregion during the War of the Elves and Sauron. Celeborn was an elf from the Sindar tribe, Galadriel belonged to the Noldor.

Second mention

Gradually, with the growing influence of Sauron in the lands east of the Anduin, some of the elves moved further north.

The remaining elves chose Galadriel and Celeborn as their masters.

Galadriel planted mallorns in Lorien - huge trees that grew only in this place in Middle-earth - until the moment Galadriel presented the mallorn sapling to Sam Gamgee.

After this, the forests on the western bank of the Anduin were named Laurelindorenan (Valley of Golden Singing) - this was the oldest name, which, however, has not been forgotten: this is how Lorien called Treebeard and Faramir. Later Laurelindorinan became known as Lothlorien - the blossoming Lorien. The forests on the east bank of the Anduin were called Lorinand (Golden Valley), and later Lorien. The dense silver foliage of Lothlorien trees turns bright golden in the fall and stays on the branches until spring arrives. In the spring, last year's foliage falls, covering the forest glades with gold, and golden yellow flowers bloom on the branches, simultaneously with new leaves, filling the air with a honey scent.

The dwellings of the denizens of Lórien are housed on wooden platforms in the mallorn branches. The tallest of the Mallorns, on Karas-Galadon Hill, contained the chambers of Celeborn and Galadriel. To the southeast of it were the gardens of Galadriel, and in them was her magical Mirror, in which everyone could see their destiny.

The forests are best known under the name "Lórien". In the language of the Rohirrim, these places are called Dvimordene - a magic forest (from "dvimor" - "ghost", an allusion to the magic of the elves).

This magic was fully manifested when Galadriel received a magic ring, the power of which filled the earth, saving the vegetation covering it from death. With this ring, Galadriel created a powerful defense of her land from the forces of evil. Only the arrival of Sauron himself could break her.

In the middle of Lórien is Kerin-Amroth - the Mound of Grievous Sorrow, on which the first ruler of Lórien is buried. As the Scarlet Book says, “even in the most severe winters, the Eldar always fresh flowers do not fade and the evergreen grass rustles about the past”. South of Kerin-Amroth is the Karas-Galadon hill, surrounded by a moat and a high earthen wall, the abode of the lords of Lorien. Also on this hill were the dwellings of the rest of the Lorien elves - as they were otherwise called, the Galadhrim. These dwellings — talans — were wooden platforms in the mallorn branches. At the top of the hill stands the tallest of the mallorns, where the chambers of Celeborn and Galadriel were located. To the southeast of this mallorn lay the Galadriel Gardens, where, with the mistress's permission, one could look into her famous Mirror.

Third mention

Lórien remained aloof from the war against Sauron for a long time. Like Doriath, Lorien for the time being did not participate in the battles against Sauron and remained a mystery to the inhabitants of the surrounding lands. During the War of the Ring, he was attacked three times by Orcs from Dol-Guldur, but Lorien resisted. With the fall of Sauron, the Lorien army captured Dol Guldur. Shortly thereafter, at the beginning of the fourth era, Galadriel left Middle-earth, and Celeborn took his subjects to Mirkwood, and with their departure, Lorien's story ended.

Mirkwood , in other translations "Dusk", "Black or Dusky Forest" is a vast forest in Rhovanion (Middle-earth), east of the Misty Mountains, across the Anduin River. The remnant of a primeval forest that in ancient times covered a significant part of the territory of Middle-earth. In the north, Mirkwood approaches the most Gray Mountains, in the east it borders with Erebor, and from its southern tip the Brown Plains begin.

The forest was originally inhabited by the wood elves ruled by King Oropher and later by his son Thranduil. The forest was called "Great Green Forest", "Great Forest" ("Eryn Galen") until about 1100 of the Third Age, when the shadow of the dark lord Sauron fell on the forest, and people began to call it "Taur-e-Ndaedelos" ("Forest of Great Fear ") - in English, Mirkwood (" Mirkwood "). Sauron established himself in a stronghold on Dol Guldur Hill, forcing Thranduil and his people to retreat to the northeast. Over time, more and more evil creatures appeared in Mirkwood - orcs, trolls, giant spiders. The forest was crossed from east to west by the old Dwarf Road of Men-i-Naugrim, but due to its relative proximity to Dol Guldur, the road was abandoned. The Elves used the trail to the north - it ended somewhere in the swamps south of Esgaroth, on the Long Lake.

In the year 2941 of the Third Age (these events are described in the novel The Hobbit, or There and Back), Bilbo Baggins, along with Thorin Oakenshield and twelve other dwarves, passed through Mirkwood. There they came across giant spiders. Bilbo rescued the dwarves, but soon after, they were captured by the wood elves, escaped captivity and freed Erebor from the dragon Smaug. It was around this time that the White Council attacked Dol Guldur and Sauron fled to Mordor, after which his influence in Mirkwood diminished for a time.

Many years later, after being released from Mordor, Gollum was captured by Aragorn and brought before Thranduil, but escaped, taking advantage of the orcs' raid.

In the spring of Third Age 3019, the orcs attacked the elves of Thranduil, but the elves withstood the onslaught and drove the orcs south to Dol Guldur. At the same time, the orcs attacked Lórien, but the elves of Celeborn were victorious and crossed to the eastern bank of the Anduin in pursuit of the orcs. April 5, 3019 Thranduil, Galadriel, and Celeborn meet near Dol Guldur, and the combined forces of the wood elves of Mirkwood and Lorien destroy the remnants of the orcs, destroy the Dark Tower, and Mirkwood has since been called Eryn Lasgalen (Forest of Green Leaves ).

Celeborn ruled in the south of the forest ever since, Thranduil in the north; the central part of the forest was inhabited by people, the descendants of Beorn.

Rivendell (Rivendell, in translations - Razdol, Doln) - "The Cut Valley" - Elrond the Elphinite's hidden hideout, created by him in Eriador in 1697 CE to defend against Sauron. The site was located in a deep valley at the western foothills of the Misty Mountains and remained hidden thanks to Elrond's Vilya ring until the end of the War of the Ring. After the destruction of the Ring of Omnipotence, Vilya's strength dried up, and Elrond sailed across the sea, but Rivendell remained under the rule of his sons - Elladan and Elrohir.

Facts
From 1697 to 1701 W.E. Rivendell besieged Sauron's armies unsuccessfully.
Rivendell was visited by the characters of The Hobbit - Gandalf, the dwarves Thorin and Bilbo.
Aragorn was brought up in Rivendell, and his future wife, Elrond's daughter Arwen, also lived there.
There Frodo, Merry, Sam, Pippin and Aragorn fled from pursuit of the Nazguls.
The famous Council of Elrond took place there, where it was decided to destroy the Ring of Omnipotence and the Fellowship of the Ring was formed.

Other names
Imladris (Imladris) - Elvish name. Imlad is a word meaning "valley" or "log", and rice is "gorge, hollow".
Carningul (Karningul) - The name of the Rift on the Westron. Indicates a deep valley with steep slopes.