Norway Tromsø. Tromsø, Norway - Turoved. Storsteinen Observation Deck

The city of Tromsø (Norway), spreading beyond the Arctic Circle, is often called the "gateway to the Arctic." This city with a population of more than 72,000 people is also a large-scale port, and the University of Tromso makes it also an important educational and scientific center of Norway.

Tromsø's location has always been ideal for conducting business with the north, so back in the Middle Ages this settlement was the most important trading point in Norway. From Tromsø, Amundsen, Nobile, Nansen set off on their Arctic expeditions. During the Second World War, the residence of the Norwegian government was moved here.

Tourist Center Services in Tromso

Tourists can receive a variety of assistance from the staff of the Tourism Center, which is located at: Kirkegata 2. It works according to the following schedule:

• from May 19 to August 31: Saturday and Sunday - from 10:00 to 17:00, Monday-Friday - from 9:00 to 19:00;
• the rest of the year: Sunday is a day off, Saturday is from 10:00 to 16:00, Monday-Friday is from 9:00 to 16:00.

Phones of the Tourist Center: +47 77 61 00 00, +47 77 61 00 10.

Employees of the organization offer tours to Tromsø to the sights, issue cards, sell city bus tickets, sell souvenirs. Of course, all this can be purchased in other places, and services can be negotiated directly with those who provide them.

The property accepts credit cards as well as free Wi-Fi.

What to do and what to see in Tromsø

Most of the streets of this city are located on the island of Tromsay, there are several streets on the island of Kvalay and on the mainland of Norway.

What deserves the most attention in Tromsø? What to see from the sights and what to do?

From the central square of Stortorget you can see the harbor, as well as the Arctic Cathedral, which stands behind the strait.

This cathedral is the most recognizable landmark in Troms (Norway), it is interesting for its unique architecture, which causes associations with snow and icebergs. This triangular structure is decorated with unusual glass stained-glass windows.

The cathedral hosts concerts of organ music, and to visit them you need to buy tickets in addition to sightseeing.

Works Arctic Cathedral from 16:00 to 18:00 all days except Sunday.

Per visit need to pay   40 NOK (≈ 5 $).

Attraction address: Hans Nilsens vei 41 9020 Tromsdalen.

University and University Museum

The museum complex "University of Tromso" (Norway) includes:

1. Museum
2. Polar Museum "Polaria".
3. Arctic Alpine Botanical Park.

The Museum of the University of Tromsø is located at Lars Thøringsvei 10. The exhibits showcase the history of the city and the traditions of the population. Here you can visit the Gallery of Art. The construction of the building is notable for some monumentality: it has 2 rectangular porches, an entrance, a rotunda with a conical roof, and a 4-coal tower with a pyramidal roof.

The Polar Museum at Hjalmar Johansens gate 12

Works   Attraction on schedule: from 10:00 to 19:00 from August 31 to May 16, and from 12:00 to 17:00 all other time of the year.

Museum entrance   University costs 125 CZK (≈ $ 15) for adults   and 60 crowns for children, for students   - 70. If you buy family ticket, it will cost 280 kroons.

The Arctic alpine botanical garden is open around the clock, admission is free. This is the most northern botanical park on our planet was created in 1994. Here you can see the alpine plants imported from different points of the Earth - they are collected in groups according to the climatic zones of the continents.

The garden is surrounded by the equipped path “Geologist's Route”, and from the pedestrian bridge to which it leads, a part of the botanical park on the side of the mountain opens.

Cableway

If you are looking for incredible panoramic views to take original photos of Tromsø, this is the place for you. The funicular lifts to the Stursteinen mountain (420 m), from where a view of Tromsø and nearby mountains and islands opens. If you wish, you can go to a cozy restaurant and try delicious dishes.

Starting point of the cable car: Sollivegen 12, 9020 Tromsdalen.

She works   so: in the period from May 20 to August 19 - from 10:00 to 01:00, and in the period from August 20 to September 1 - from 10:00 to 22:00.

A one-way ticket   it costs 90 NOK, when paying for a two-way trip, the price will be 150 NOK.

Polar zoo

In Tromsø is the northernmost zoo on Earth. The attraction operates throughout the year. Bear, musk ox, elk, reindeer - these and many other animals live in the Polar Zoo. And here you can watch them in their natural habitat.

Whale watching excursions take place with true North Norwegian charm. Such trips are recommended for those who want to enjoy an amazing sight: whales on the high seas. They will be interesting to those who want to make photos in Tromsø (Norway) not just interesting, but exclusive.

Such excursions are organized by teams of sailors with many years of experience at sea. All crew members have the appropriate education and the necessary licenses to carry out such activities.

Tour cost   from 1200 NOK (≈ $ 145) and higher. It is formed depending on many factors: on the number of people in the group (from 3 to 40), on the duration of the excursion (3 - 6 hours), and also on what the trip to the sea is planned on (from classic wooden boats to hybrid electric schooners )

As a rule, to observe whales they go to those places where their appearance has been most often recorded recently.

And, of course, each excursion is planned taking into account weather conditions. You need to dress very warmly, although almost all the organizers of such trips provide tourists with warm jackets for the duration of the trip.

Aurora Borealis Tours

Travel agencies work in the city, organizing trips to observe the northern lights. There are single guides who, at a very reasonable price, agree to take them to the most suitable places, from where an overview of this wonderful natural phenomenon opens.

As a rule, to observe the aurora, groups of up to 14 people are recruited, the excursion time can be 1 or 2 days. A two-day trip will cost approximately 3100 NOK, and this price includes:

• rental of warm winter clothes (suit, mittens, socks, hat) and special winter shoes (adults only);
• rent a headlamp;
• photographs taken and then sent to tourists;
• transfer;
• hot drinks.

If you are going on a tour to observe the northern lights, you need to prepare accordingly: wear woolen underwear (cotton is undesirable), a thick woolen sweater or a small down jacket, warm socks and shoes.

Dog sledding is another attraction available for tourists in Tromsø. Such a trip through the boundless expanses of Lyngen Alps will help to get in touch with the real spirit of the Arctic.

You can manage the team yourself. This is not too difficult, you just need to get the hang of the brake in a timely manner, since the husky is very playful. But it is not necessary to independently manage the team: you can comfortably accommodate in a sleigh, entrusting their management to the instructor. If the weather conditions are completely unfavorable, then the instructor will definitely manage the sled.

The cost remains the same regardless of whether it is just skiing or a trip with control. The price includes a transfer from Tromsø (25-30 minutes one way), rental of outdoor clothing, horse-drawn cart riding (approximately 11 km) and lunch.

The thermal suits provided by the instructor should not be discarded. Firstly, they will serve as excellent protection against the cold. Secondly, they will be able to protect from a completely natural, but very strong dog smell.

Before riding, instructors give valuable advice and tell you what you need in order to become a good musher. And if you can do without previous experience, then a good physical form is necessary.

Husky is very fond of people! They are so affectionate and friendly that not only adults, but also children can communicate with them.

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Weather

The climate in Norway, in the city of Tromso is much milder than in other parts of the world at the same latitude - this is due to the warm waters of the Gulf Stream. From the cold sea winds and winds from Lapland this city is protected by mountains.

Winters here are mild (average temperature -3 ° С), summers are moderate and rather cool (+ 15 ° С). The coolest months are January and February (-4 ° C), and the warmest July and August (+ 15 ° C).

Tromso is known as a city with a lot of rainfall. October is considered the wettest, and May and June (50 mm of precipitation) are the driest.

How to get to Tromso

Of all the cities that are located beyond the Arctic Circle, it is easiest to get to the city of Tromso. Therefore, it is better to start a trip through Northern Norway from it.

Although there is no train connection with Tromsø, from Oslo, Bergen and Trondheim you can take a train to Fauske, and from there take a bus to Tromsø.

Between Tromso and such settlements as Alta, Narvik, Bodo and Fauske, buses run throughout the year. If you plan to visit the Lofoten Islands, you can arrange a transplant in Narvik.

Car

There is a 1,600 km long highway between Tromsø and Oslo, which is open throughout the year. The road will take 30-40 hours, since the average speed in Norway is 50 km / h, there are many automatic cameras to track the speed.

The roads are in good condition, in winter the roads are constantly cleaned and rolled off with graders. Cases when roads are closed for a while are very rare - this happens during heavy snowfalls.

There is an airport in Tromsø where planes from Russia land (charters from Murmansk and Moscow) and other countries. About 10 flights a day are in Tromso from Oslo, Bergen, Trondheim (via Bude).

The distance from the airport to Tromso is 5 km. The Flybussen bus runs here: the first flight to the airport at 5:40, the last to the city at 00:00. Travel time is 14 minutes, ticket prices are 90 and 45 NOK for adults and children, respectively.

There are also flights No. 40, 42 between the city center and the airport from 6:25 to 23:50. Travel for adults - 50 NOK, for children - 25, travel time - 15-20 minutes.

A taxi ride from the airport to Tromsø will cost 150-180 NOK, in time it will take about 10 minutes.

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Airliners arrive at the port of Tromsø 2 times a day, which go to Bergen and Kirkenes.

Local transport

Buses run through Tromsø from 6:00 to 24:00 on weekdays, and on weekends from 7:00 to 24:00. On Friday and Saturday night buses run (No. 61, 62, 63, 64, 65 and 66). Absolutely all buses you can take the avenue with the schedule.

A ticket to Tromsø (Norway) can be bought directly from the driver for cash. The price for an adult is 50 CZK, but if you take it in advance, the cost will be less - 36 NOK. For a daily pass you need to pay 110 kroons, it is valid for all city routes.

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One of the main attractions of the city of Tromsø is the Lutheran church, also known as the Arctic Cathedral, which is one of the main symbols of the national heritage. Built in 1965 according to the design of Jan Inve Hovig, it amazes with its appearance already from afar. Made in the form of two triangles converging into each other, it resembles an iceberg floating under a clear sky. In winter, its white walls fit perfectly into the snowy landscape, and in profile the cathedral merges with the silhouette of the mountains.

The cathedral is famous for its stained glass windows, which, in fact, are the largest in Europe. Their height exceeds 23 meters, and almost 11 tons of glass were required for the manufacture. The main stained glass window of the altar of authorship of Victor Sparre depicts the hand of God, from which three rays of light depart to the figure of Christ and two apostles standing nearby. The cathedral is especially beautiful in the early morning, when the orange dawn ray of the sun illuminates the stained-glass window and gives it mystical depth and mystery.

The main old organ of the cathedral was replaced in 2005 with a modern one of 2940 pipes. During the service, the entrance to the cathedral is closed, but you can listen to its amazing inspired sound during the numerous concerts that are held under the arches of the cathedral.

Museum "Polaria"

In 1997, an unusual museum was founded in the city of Tromsø with the tuneful title “Polaria”. It is part of the Polar Research Center under the supervision of the Norwegian Department of Environmental Protection. And symbolically, the museum itself is made in the form of snow-white ice blocks.

Inside the museum there is a panoramic cinema, which hosts exciting films about the life of rare animals and plants. Fascinating helicopter shots create the effect of presence, carrying the viewer over the glaciers of the Arctic.

In addition, the museum has many aquariums with northern inhabitants. Tourists especially loved the lahtakham seals, also called sea hares. These are unusually kind and friendly creatures who willingly communicate with people and amaze with their smartness.

Incredibly spectacular you will find the layout of the northern lights. Thanks to modern technologies and architecture of the hall, its flashes and overflows are difficult to distinguish from real ones.

And what sights of Tromso did you like? Next to the photo area there are icons, by clicking on which you can evaluate this or that place.

Alfheim Stadium

Alfheim Stadium is the football stadium with the largest artificial turf. The stadium was opened in 1987.

The stadium capacity is 7 and a half thousand spectators. In 1990, 10.225 people visited the stadium when the match was held against Rosenborg.

The stadium has offices, shops, restaurants and conference rooms.

The pedestrian street Storgata is the only main street in the city of Tromso.

Here are all the main attractions, shops, hotels and entertainment venues of the city. You will have the opportunity to see the world's northernmost Protestant cathedral, built in 1861. Once it belonged to the city merchant community, which conducted trade with Russia. Next to it is a monument to Royal Amundsen.

At the opposite end of the street is the Museum of Art of Northern Norway, which presents paintings by artists of the 19th and 20th centuries. Also on the main street are several well-known bookstores and a modern library building.

Tromsøy bridge

Tromsøy Bridge (Norwegian. Troms & oslash brua) is a road bridge across the Troms & oslash ysundet strait in Tromsø, Norway. It connects the mainland (Tromsdalen) and island (Troms & oslash ya) parts of the city. The first cantilever bridge built in Norway. It is one of the attractions of the city.

Prior to the construction of the bridge, transport links across the bay were carried out by ferry. The idea of \u200b\u200bbuilding a bridge or tunnel arose in 1948. The final draft was reviewed and approved by parliament in 1955. The project was developed by the famous Norwegian architect Erling Viksjö (Norwegian Erling Viksj & oslash). The government has pledged support and permission to collect tolls. In 1958, construction began on a permanent road bridge, which lasted 2 years. For movement, the bridge was opened in March 1960. The grand opening of the bridge took place on July 3, 1960 in the presence of Norwegian Prime Minister Einar Gerhardsen. In 1963, the bridge was awarded the prestigious Betongtavlen Architecture Prize.

At the time of construction, it was the longest bridge in Northern Europe. The cost of the bridge crossing amounted to 14.5 million NOK. In 1990, a tunnel (Troms & oslash ysund Tunnel) was built 3 kilometers north of the bridge, which took over part of the traffic load.

The bridge was one of the most popular suicide spots in all of Norway. In 2005, an additional high fence was installed, which received the informal name “suicide fence”. April 17, 2008 Tromsøy Bridge was declared a cultural monument of Norway.

The most popular attractions in Troms with descriptions and photographs for every taste. Choose the best places to visit famous places of Tromso on our website.

Tromsø, Norway: the most detailed information about the city of Tromsø, main attractions with photos and descriptions, location on the map.

Tromso City (Norway)

Tromso is a city in northern Norway, located 350 km beyond the Arctic Circle. Most of the city is located on the island of Tromsø, connected to the mainland by a bridge. Tromsø is often called the "gateway to the Arctic" and the "capital of the North." People come here to look at the stunning Arctic landscapes: mountains covered with snow, picturesque fjords and colorful northern lights.

Geography and climate

Tromsø is located in northern Norway far beyond the Arctic Circle. Most of the city lies on the island of Tromsø - one of the many islands of the Norwegian Sea.

The climate is marine. Despite the fact that the city is located in the very north, winters are mild and snowy. The average temperature of the coldest month is -4, -5 degrees. Summer is cool and humid with an average temperature of 10-12 degrees.

Practical information

1. The population is almost 60,000 people.
2. The official language is Norwegian.
3. Currency - Norwegian krone.
4. High quality tap water and potable.
5. All shops are closed on Sundays. Supermarkets usually work from 8.00 to 23.00 on weekdays, on Saturday from 8.00 to 22.00.

Best time to visit

The best time to visit is October-March (and even better winter). It is at this time that there is a chance to see stunning natural phenomena - the northern lights.

History

Settlements in the vicinity of Tromso existed more than 11 thousand years ago.

The first written records of a small village date back to the mid-13th century. It was at this time that the first small church was built.

Tromsø received city status in 1794. From the mid-19th century to the present day, the city has been the center of the Norwegian north. During World War II, Tromso even managed to visit the capital of Norway.

How to get there

The easiest and most economical way to get to Tromsø is by plane. The local airport operates flights from Oslo, Bergen, Trondheim, Murmansk, Stockholm (in summer).

The E6 motorway leads to Tromsø from the capital, Oslo, E8 from Finland, and E10 from Sweden. Surprisingly, the railway was not laid here. The nearest station is located in the city of Narvik.

Shopping and shopping

Shopping is not why they go to the capital of Northern Norway. Although here you can find opportunities for shopping. Famous Norwegian sweaters and traditional products of the indigenous peoples of the North are popular among souvenirs.

The largest shopping center in Tromsø and the whole of Northern Norway is Jekta. Located near the airport. In the city itself there is also a fairly large shopping center - Nerstranda.

Food and drink

Prices in restaurants and cafes in Tromsø are high. The average bill is about 120 NOK. The cheapest establishments are a university canteen, a canteen at the town hall, and fast food restaurants. They can fit in 50-70 crowns.

sights

Of course, most tourists travel to Tromsø to watch the northern lights. Northern lights come from September to April. This natural phenomenon is quite unpredictable, so there is no guarantee that you will see it for sure. Nevertheless, most tourists believe in their luck and are rewarded with breathtaking colors of the sky. Northern lights are best seen away from city lights.

Other attractions include the wooden Cathedral of the Virgin Mary, built in the 19th century. It is considered the northernmost Catholic cathedral in Europe.

The Arctic Cathedral is one of the hallmarks of the city. This Lutheran church, built in the 60s of the 20th century in an unusual architectural style. It is located next to the automobile bridge connecting the island and mainland parts of the city.

What else to see in and around Tromsø:

• Polar Park is the northernmost animal park in the world.
• The Botanical Garden, which is also considered the northernmost in the world.
• Hella is a polar relaxation area with beautiful views, old wooden houses and excellent fishing.
• The cable car to the top of the Storsteinen mountain - stunning panoramas of the city from a height of more than 400 meters.

Museums:

• The Polar Museum - is considered one of the best museums in Norway, including exhibits about polar research and hunters.
• Art Museum of Northern Norway - more than two thousand works of art from the 19th century to the present day.
• Museum Ship of Polar Sealers.

In Troms, as well as throughout Norway, there is a network of comfortable hotels where, for a reasonably high price, you will receive decent service. One of the most expensive hotels, the price of which starts at 1055 NOK (the rate is 1 EUR \u003d 8.52 NOK), is the four-star Radisson Blu Hotel Tromsǿ (Sjogata, 7). A no less respectable reception awaits you at the Rica Ishavshotel (Fredrik Langesgt, 2) also having four-star status and offering rooms starting at 995 NOK. But the three-star Rica Grand Hotel Tromsǿ (Storgaten, 44), Quality Hotel Saga (Richard Withs Plass, 2), Clarion Collection Hotel With (Sjӧgata, 35-37) are ready to welcome tourists in comfortable rooms starting at 690 NOK. Each hotel has free internet access, parking, some have a sauna, and the rooms are equipped to the highest European standards. If you wish, you can stay in the private sector, agreeing with the locals. This will cost you several times cheaper than hotel accommodation. And if you are attracted by the national flavor of the country, then you can’t find a better choice than the Rorbu fishing hut. Equipped for tourists houses will cost you at least 600 NOK per day, but keep in mind that in this case you pay for a whole cottage with two full bedrooms, a spacious bathroom, a kitchen and a living room. Only you have to pay extra for towels and bedding sets.

Attractions Tromso

Unique, built in Tromsø in 1965, is a masterpiece of northern architecture. Its appearance refutes all architectural temple canons. In shape, it resembles a lavvo - the home of representatives of the northern Sami people. The creation of the architect Jan Inge Hovig impresses with its originality and beauty. Everything breathes with grandeur and luxury: the largest stained glass window in Europe, flashing with bright tints of a chandelier made of Czech crystal, a new organ that emits pure deep sounds and huge bells, the ringing of which spreads along the snow-white infinity. In the summertime, the Midnight Sun concerts are traditionally held here. All information about the hours of visiting the cathedral and the events held here can be found on its official website: www.ishavskatedralen.no/.

Located in a building made of ice blocks, this center includes a huge aquarium with Arctic sea animals and fish (catfish, starfish, flounder, sea anemones), panoramic cinema, several thematic exhibitions and a lot of souvenir shops. Located under the auspices of the Norwegian Polar Institute and created on the initiative of the Department of Environmental Protection, the center gives visitors the opportunity to get an idea of \u200b\u200bthe wildlife and flora of the Arctic. Here you can see Caprino's entertaining film about this harsh land, take a helicopter flight over Svalbard, and feed seals with your own hands. In the summer season, Polaria is open from 10 a.m. to 7 p.m. daily (feeding seals from 12.30 a.m. and from 3 p.m.), and in winter you are expected to visit from 12 a.m. to 5 p.m. (feeding of seals: 12.30 a.m. and 3.30 p.m.). Entrance ticket for an adult costs 120 NOK, for a child under 15 years old - 60 NOK, a family of two adults and three children will pay 250 NOK.

In Troms there is a great opportunity to admire the city from a mountain peak (420 m above sea level), sitting at a restaurant table. You can get there by funicular, which operates from May 20 to August 9 from 10.00 to 01.00. An adult will have to pay 135 NOK for this pleasure, and for a child you will pay 50 NOK. In fine weather, you can sit on the restaurant’s outdoor area and enjoy hearty Norwegian cuisine. There is also a playground and a small gift shop.

This is where the true beer lovers must go! The opportunity to try 16 varieties of this foamy hop miracle with an excellent Norwegian fish will make you come back here again and again. And 13 varieties of soft drinks and environmentally friendly mineral water will not let you get bored of those who don’t drink beer at all. Believe me, the process of preparing the latter is very exciting and aesthetic, so an excursion here will not be a waste of time.

If you even dream for a short time to become the master of the most beautiful natural phenomenon - the Northern Lights, creating it yourself, you definitely need to go to this museum! For this, it has a special plasma room, where the sacred action takes place. Exhibitions dedicated to the life of the northern peoples are very colorful and will certainly attract your attention. Just one exposition of Viking treasures is worth it! If you came here with children, remember, taking them away from here will be a huge problem. Near a giant, good-natured dinosaur, they will cut endless circles, admiring its size and unusualness. The entrance fee to the university museum is quite affordable: an adult ticket costs 50 NOK, children, students and senior citizens can attend it for 25 NOK. The museum has a botanical garden, a walk through which you can at any time of the year absolutely free.

6. The ship-museum "Polar Star".

Today, this seal-breaking vessel has become an interesting original museum where you can feel like real polar explorers and hunters. The cabins and rigging of the ship, preserved in their original form, allow you to breathe deeply the air of wanderings and adventures. The ship is located in a giant glass structure, which looks very unusual and beautiful. Ticket price for an adult is 25 NOK, for a child - 10 NOK. The only drawback of the Polar Star is that you can visit it only in the short period from June 15 to August 15 daily from 10.00 to 17.00.

Traveling to polar Norway is a special pleasure, in the depth of impressions of the surrounding nature, first of all. Sparkling mountains, wandering fjords, fresh air, it seems even houses and buildings in numerous towns and cities harmoniously fit into the natural landscape - everything looks so natural and well-groomed! The "pearl of polar Norway", the "gateway to the Arctic" and "northern Paris" are the ancient city of Tromso.

01. Tromso is a fairly large (by Norwegian standards) city, located 360 km north of the Arctic Circle.

02. Large port (again by Norwegian standards), university center, botanical garden (in the Arctic!)

04. But it is best to view the city from the heights of Mount Floya, where you can climb the cable car.

05. From here it is clearly seen that the main part of the city is located on an island called Tromsoya and the mainland connected by a bridge. There is a small part of the city located on the island of Qualoia.

06. This is what the polar city in Norway looks like. Is it necessary to remind about Russian reality? However, in the near future I will write.
Tromso - a large transport center on the Hurtigruten Bergen - Kirkines ferry line, Midnatsol ferry.

07. Of the 68,000 people - approximately 10,000 - students of the local university, opened in 1968.

08. Two local attractions that are the symbol of today's Tromsø: A beautiful and technically unique bridge (comrade uritsk   correct me, if that), launched in 1960 and the Lutheran Arctic Cathedral (1965), reminiscent of its appearance an iceberg. We’ll go down there and take a closer look.

13. Tromso Airport opened in 1964. Regular flights from almost all major cities in Norway. International flights from Riga, Stockholm, Munich, Copenhagen, Antalya, Palma de Mallorca, Murmansk and Arkhangelsk. And I’ll tell you, the traffic here is decent. While I stood on the mountain (half an hour) a couple of planes managed to take off and land.

14. Comrade uritsk   meditates on the spring polar sun.

17. The cathedral has its own official website (eng).

18. The inside is very beautiful and comfortable. The original stained glass window, by the way the largest in Europe (140 square meters).

19. The church is designed for 720 parishioners.

20. Modern housing, with cool balconies.

21. View from a height of 38 meters above the strait. The wind blows away.

24.Deep into the historical part of the island of Tromso.
They say that the city is being actively built up, while decisions on the construction of new large facilities are made not only by the administration but also by all residents, through newspapers and the Internet.

25. The central part of the city has retained its ancient charm, many wooden houses more than 100 years old.

26.It is believed that the ancient settlements in these places originate in 1252, when the first church was built here. And the status of the city of Tromso received in 1794. In those days, there were as many as 80 inhabitants of the city!))

28. The Catholic Cathedral of the Blessed Virgin Mary, opened in 1861.

29. By the beginning of the 20th century, the city had a shipyard, a museum, a Mac brewery (still operating today), and a teacher training college. During World War II, the city happily escaped the bombing, so in the center and preserved so many old wooden houses.

31. The ships of Nansen and Amundsen went out from Tromso to the Arctic expeditions.