Passenger train. Passenger train: purpose, categories, types of cars. Life hack: how to determine the category of a train without prompting

Modern trains in Russia offer a huge selection of amenities, services and travel options - from standard seated coaches to comfortable luxury compartments, which have everything you need for a comfortable long journey. Depending on the category of the train and the type of compartment, the passenger can count on a certain set of services and travel time. We will tell you about the difference between Russian trains and what list of services they provide in this article.

So, what are the types of passenger trains.

Branded

Branded trains are trains with increased comfort and excellent service, for example - an extended menu in a restaurant, increased comfort of sleeping places, luxury compartments and many other services that are highly appreciated by passengers who are accustomed to comfort. A feature of the branded trains can be safely called a unique interior design and its own personnel uniform, which is not similar to the standard form of Russian Railways. Basically, such a train includes compartments, reserved seats, SV and, of course, a restaurant car. Today in Russia there are about a hundred branded trains, including one of the first trains on the St. Petersburg - Moscow route, called "Red Arrow".

Expressways

A high-speed train in Russia is considered to be a train capable of speeds up to 140 kilometers per hour. On average, such trains allow you to get to their destination 2-3 times faster than on other types of trains - for example, if a standard passenger train travels from St. Petersburg to Moscow for 10-11 hours, then a high-speed train takes only about 4 hours. Some of the most famous high-speed trains in Russia are "Allegro", "Lastochka", "Nevsky Express" and "".

Ambulances

The passenger fast train differs from the usual one in that it makes stops only at large stations, bypassing small settlements. As a rule, fast trains run on long routes, which makes them especially popular with tourists who come to get acquainted with all the beauties of Russia. The express train includes compartment cars, reserved seats, SV-cars and one restaurant car. On average, a trip on such a train takes a third less time than on a regular passenger train, and it costs only 10-15% more. By the way, it is for fast trains that the most convenient arrival time for passengers is selected.

Passenger

The passenger train stops at every station along the entire route, therefore it is simply very popular - many passengers travel from large cities to small settlements, which are extremely problematic to reach by other means of transport (as well as by a fast train, which often simply passes through such stations). The passenger train does not differ from the fast one in terms of the set of cars and the level of comfort.

Types and features of carriages in terms of accommodating passengers

• Suite.

VIP-class coaches with a folding sofa bed about 120 cm wide, an upper shelf 90 cm wide, a table, an armchair, a luggage compartment, a shower and a dry closet. Also, for the convenience of the passenger, the compartment is equipped with air conditioning, a TV and DVD player, and free Wi-Fi. The ticket price for a luxury compartment includes clean linen, toiletries and sanitary accessories, snacks, drinks and entertainment literature (newspapers, magazines). Only a whole compartment can be booked, but one or two adult passengers can travel.

A compartment of class SV is designed for two adults, while berths can be located downstairs opposite each other or in two levels on one side to save space. Each SV compartment has a folding table, a luggage compartment, a door lock, a radio receiver and a sleeping set. Toilet rooms are located at the beginning and at the end of the carriage.

• Coupe.

A standard compartment is designed for 4 passengers (two in the lower berths, two in the upper ones), luggage storage is located under the lower berths. The compartment also has a folding table, radio, bed linen and towels, and toilets are located at both ends of the carriage. It is important to know that the top seats are always even and the bottom ones are odd (this is important when booking or buying tickets).

• Reserved seat.

In the reserved seat, the passenger compartments are partially separated by partitions without doors. Each compartment has six berths, two of which are located one above the other on one side of the through passage (and the lower seat is transformed into a table with two chairs), four more with a separate folding table - on the other side of the aisle (located in pairs opposite each other in two tiers). Luggage spaces are located under the lower bins, and toilets are located at both ends of the car. An important point when booking: in a reserved seat carriage, all even-numbered seats are upper, and odd-numbered lower ones.

• Sedentary.

In a seated carriage, as a rule, the seats are arranged in four in a row (two on both sides of the walk-through). As in an airplane, the seating position on the train can be first and second class. In first-class cars, there are large gaps between the seats (which is convenient on a long journey) and passengers are offered food, drinks, newspapers and sanitary kits. In second-class carriages, the distance between the seats is less, however, there is air conditioning and cold snacks, drinks, and newspapers can be ordered for an additional fee.

All long-distance passenger trains are divided in the timetable into fast and passenger trains. Fast trains are divided into: branded and simple fast trains. Fast trains along the route make fewer stops and stop times are also reduced in comparison with passenger trains. The cost of a fast train ticket includes the so-called “speed surcharge”.

In terms of comfort level, only the branded train differs from the passenger train. It is also marked with an asterisk in the schedule as a branded one.

Such a train can have its own name, its own interior or design. Also, the departure and arrival hours of the branded train are, as a rule, more convenient for passengers, and there is a set of additional services on board.

Types of trains and their categories.

Russian long-distance passenger trains on the schedule are divided into categories and numbered as follows:

High-speed and high-speed trains- these are "Sapsans", "Swallows", "Allegro", "Nevsky Express", etc. The speed of movement of such trains ranges from 140 to 200 km / h, and the total average route speed, taking into account all stops, is at least 85 km / h.

For a better understanding, this means that high-speed trains on the way are almost half the time than others on the same route.

Fast trains. Most of all Russian trains are long-distance fast trains. They must follow the route with an average speed of at least 50 km / h, taking into account all stops along the route. At the same time, a fast train must be at least 5 km / h faster than the fastest passenger train running on the same route.

In fact, most of the trains on the schedule are fast, this is often done at the expense of a banal reduction in the number and time of stops.

The main difference between a fast train and a passenger train (in addition to travel time) is a slightly higher ticket price, but rather insignificantly (by 10-15%). But from the high-speed train - several times.

It is the fast trains that are on the schedule at the most convenient departure and arrival times for passengers.

According to the level of comfort, high-speed trains are subdivided into branded high-speed and high-speed trains.

Passenger trains. Regular passenger trains include those with a route speed of less than 50 km / h. Travel on such trains is the cheapest, and along the route they make more stops, and each stop is longer than that of high-speed trains.

Sometimes such a train may be the only option for passengers to get to some station within the route, where there are no direct trains. The rolling stock of such trains usually includes both old cars and new ones, depending on the direction and passenger traffic.

Passenger trains are divided into long-distance trains and suburban trains with a route radius of up to 200 km.

What are Branded Trains?

Branded trains are all the same fast trains that differ from the rest in their increased level of comfort. Typically, they include the following:

• Always new cars.
• Better time in the schedule for the departure and arrival of passengers.
• Modern dry closets with an extended range of hygiene products.
• Almost always equipped with an air conditioning system.
• Superior quality bedding. When planting, the upper bins are already covered.
• High quality conductors, and a higher level of service.
• Restaurant car and buffet with the ability to order food from the conductor with delivery to the compartment.
• Throughout the route, the traffic police are in the composition.

Passenger trains are divided into long-distance and suburban trains (up to 200 km, JSC FPK does not serve), depending on the distance and travel conditions.

2. Travel speed

There are high-speed, fast and passenger trains:

high-speed passenger trains must have a route speed of at least 100 km / h at permissible speeds in the interval
141-200 km / h;

fast passenger trains must have a route speed of at least 50 km / h;

passenger trains have a route speed of less than 50 km / h.

3. Regularity of movement

Passenger trains are divided into year-round, seasonal and one-time trains.

4. Frequency of movement

Passenger trains are divided into daily, following every other day (on odd or even days), following on days of the week or days of the month.

5. Level of service provided

Passenger trains with high-quality service and a wide range of services are assigned a branded category. Trains serviced by multi-unit rolling stock are divided into trains of superior comfort and without the provision of additional services.

Numbering established for passenger trains

The trains of the FPC carrier are numbered as follows:

Types of passenger cars

All carriages of trains of JSC "FPK" are equipped with a heating system (works in winter, canned for summer). The cars, depending on the class of service, can be equipped with dry closets, air conditioners (they work in the summer, they are preserved for the winter), they can provide additional paid services included in the fare.

The following types of passenger cars run on the passenger trains of JSC "FPK":

On locomotive traction:

Luxury carriages

The carriages have several varieties: with six compartments per carriage, with five and with four. The carriages, which have four compartments, are equipped with a salon bar.

The compartment of the "Lux" class carriage is 1.5 times larger than the standard one in a carriage with six compartments and 2 times larger than in a carriage with four. The compartment has 2 sleeping places: a sofa that transforms into a half-double bed 120 cm wide, and an upper shelf 90 cm wide. The compartment has an armchair and a folding table.

Each compartment has an individual bathroom with a washbasin, a vacuum toilet that functions even during parking, and a shower (in a carriage with four compartments - a shower cabin). The floor in the bathroom is heated.

The compartment of the "Lux" class car is equipped with an individual air conditioning system, a TV, DVD-player and radio.

SV carriages

The carriage contains 8 or 9 2-seater compartments with places for lying, two toilets with washbasins.

There are two lower or lower and upper berths in the compartment, a table, a mirror on the compartment door and walls (except for transformer cars), clothes hangers, and space for hand luggage.

Compartment cars

The compartment passenger carriage has 9 four-seater compartments, 2 toilets with washbasins.

Each compartment has two upper and lower shelves, a table, a mirror on the compartment door, clothes hangers, and space for hand luggage.

More than 150 trains run compartment cars with a specialized compartment for passengers with disabilities.

MIXT wagons

These are wagons that have the characteristics of two types of wagons ("Lux" and SV or SV and compartment).

Platzkart cars

The passenger compartment carriage has 9 open compartments, 2 toilets with washbasins.

The car is designed for 54 berths, 4 places in each compartment: two lower places, two upper and 18 side places: upper and lower. In each compartment, as well as on the side seats, there is a table, space for hand luggage, clothes hooks.

Common wagons

A carriage with seating. As a rule, reserved seat cars are used - 81 seats, sometimes compartment cars - 54 seats.

Wagons with seating

These are carriages equipped with comfortable seating positions.

The cars are subdivided into cars with a standard layout of seats (50-70), with an improved (up to 50) saloon type and cars based on a compartment carriage. The carriages have 2 toilets with washbasins.

Also, the trains run double-deck compartment carriages, SV carriages and with seating.

International carriages

In international traffic (except for the CIS and Baltic countries, China, Mongolia, North Korea), Lux, SV and compartment cars of RIC dimensions run. Standard (as in domestic traffic) "Lux", SV and compartment cars run to the CIS and Baltic countries, China, Mongolia, North Korea.

In addition, the Strizh trains with carriages (compartment carriages, carriages with seating, SV, Lux) manufactured by TALGO operate in domestic and international traffic.

Motor wagon rolling stock

In interregional traffic, motor-car trains "Lastochka" and other electric and diesel trains with seating facilities run.

The number of seats depends on the design of the car.

The fundamental difference between a multi-unit rolling stock and a locomotive-powered train: in it, all or some of the cars are equipped with engines designed for traction and cabins for passenger transportation; in a train with locomotive traction, the carriages are not self-propelled.

Even and odd trains concept

In general, trains traveling from south to north and from west to east have even numbers, while trains traveling from north to south and from east to west are odd. If it is impossible to determine exactly the direction of movement of the train, this rule works partially for some section of the track. Sometimes, along the route, the train changes its number from even to odd or vice versa. Exceptions to the rule for even / odd train numbering - St. Petersburg. Most trains departing from St. Petersburg have odd numbers. Although recently St. Petersburg has also been transferred to a common system (trains 72, 74 to Yekaterinburg and Tyumen, 40 to Astana, etc.)

What does the letter in the train number mean?

In general, the letter in the train number is just the fourth character that makes the train number unique. If only three-digit numbers were used on the railway, they could only denote 999 trains, and there are many more. Therefore, a fourth character is added - a letter. At the same time, they try to give letter designations in such a way that trains with the same numerical designations do not meet. For example, long-distance train No. 001a St. Petersburg - Moscow (Leningradsky railway station) and train No. 001b Moscow (Belorussky railway station) - Minsk do not meet each other anywhere. Therefore, it is possible to announce to passengers only the numerical train number in order to avoid confusion.

There are also some other patterns with letters in train numbers. First, it sometimes happens that one train includes several different numbers. For example, 001a and 001b (St. Petersburg - Moscow, "Krasnaya Arrow"). In this case, different letters designate different organizations that form the carriages of a given part of the train. If the train contains branded and non-branded carriages, then they are also assigned different letters. If a train runs on some days as a branded one, and on others, as a non-branded one, then it also receives different letters, although its schedule is the same. Another letter can denote different service teams. And also sometimes the letter denotes the direction of the train (for example, 104m Moscow - Adler and 104s Adler - Moscow). And, finally, there is a pattern between the train formation road and the letter, but it is not one hundred percent.

When buying a ticket, have you ever had to think about how a fast train differs from a high-speed one, and an accelerated train from a branded one? Find out all about the high-speed categories of trains and do not rack your brains anymore, which one is right for you.

Types of trains by speed

Train speed is a broad concept. There are running, technical, driving and even commercial speeds, which are measured in different ways. We will talk about the route speed, that is, the average speed at which the train passes a given route "from point A to point B". The route speed is determined by the standards for the rolling stock.

According to the route speed, trains are divided into several types.

• High speed.
• High-speed.
• Fast.
• Accelerated.
• Passenger.

High speed train

“And faster, faster than will
The train rushes in an open field ... "

High-speed trains are the fastest, moving at speeds of 200 to 400 km / h. For such speeds, a special railroad track is required. It is called that - a high-speed highway. In Russia, such infrastructure projects have been actively developing since the mid-2000s. Today, high-speed rail links connect Moscow with other cities in Russia and Europe. Examples of high speed trains.

• "Sapsan". It runs on the route Moscow - St. Petersburg at a speed of 250 km / h, and its maximum speed is 350 km / h.
• Allegro. International train on the route St. Petersburg - Helsinki. Moves at a speed of 200-220 km / h.

The construction of a high-speed highway continues, which will connect the European part of Russia, the Volga region and Siberia with the Moscow-Kazan-Yekaterinburg line. It is expected that the length of the line will be more than 1,500 km, and the speed of trains will reach 400 km / h. In the future, the route Moscow - Sochi, which will also run high-speed trains with a speed of 200 to 400 km / h.

High-speed train

The high-speed train has a route speed of over 140 km / h. On some sections of the route, the train speed can be from 100 to 200 km / h. Another feature of the high-speed train is the minimum of stops on the route to ensure the fastest movement. In everyday life, the difference between high-speed and high-speed trains is usually not made, especially since both categories require a modern railroad track designed for high loads. Examples of high-speed trains are the famous Lastochka and Strizh.

• "Swift". It runs on the route Moscow - Nizhny Novgorod, developing a speed of up to 200 km / h.
• "Martin" . Trains of this type connect Moscow with Nizhny Novgorod, St. Petersburg with Veliky Novgorod, and they also run in the Krasnodar Territory. The speed is 140-160 km / h.

Express train

Its route speed ranges from 50 to 91 km / h. Technically, it moves at the same speed as a standard passenger, but the number of stops at the fast train is less. He stops in large cities, at junction stations and at points where train crews change. Therefore, the average route speed is higher. Fast trains in Russia run long distances. The cost of a ticket is 10–20% higher than for a regular passenger ticket. Hundreds of high-speed trains run across the vastness of Russia. Here are some examples.

• Surah. Its route lies between Moscow and Penza.
• "Lotus". One of the oldest fast routes, it connects Moscow and Astrakhan.
• "Southern Urals" . Connects Moscow and Chelyabinsk.
• In the name of fast trains, only the number and end points of the route can be.
• 117N Novokuznetsk - Moscow.
• 015J Moscow - Volgograd.
• 069Ya Chita - Moscow.

Fast train

Expedited trains are an unofficial category of freight trains with a special speed. Indicates that the train is moving at a higher speed than others carrying the same load. Expedited freight trains carry perishable goods. The name is unofficial, there is no such category of trains in the technical documentation or regulatory documents. For passenger trains, the term does not apply.

Signature fast train

The corporate category refers to the class of service, service and material and technical equipment of the train, but not to the speed of its movement. A branded express train is a train that has all the hallmarks of a branded fast and its route speed ranges from 50 to 91 km / h. Branded fast trains are the most comfortable. They depart at a convenient time, have a guaranteed set of services and a high level of basic service, the conductors of such trains undergo special training.

A distinctive feature of the branded train is the proper name in the name. When buying tickets for a branded train, you need to look at the presence of the "fast" category. If it is absent, then the train belongs to the standard passenger category with a low route speed.

Examples of branded fast trains.

• "Kama" - Perm - Moscow.
• "Tomich" - Tomsk - Moscow.
• "Syktyvkar" - Syktyvkar - Moscow.
• "Vyatka" - Kirov - Moscow.
• "Ivan Paristy" - Bryansk - Moscow.

Passenger train

It is often referred to as normal or standard. It has a route speed of up to 50 km / h, although the technical speed is comparable to that of a fast train. The movement of a passenger train is slowed down by the abundance of stops along the route. Despite the slow movement, such trains are in demand for two main reasons. Tickets are cheaper than express or branded tickets.

If you need to get to a small station or a small city, then it is more convenient to do it on a passenger train, since the ambulance may not stop at the right place.

The passenger train can be branded. Often the passenger category is omitted in the name of a train. That is, if the train is not fast, then it is a passenger train by default.

Currently, passenger trains are increasingly being replaced by fast, high-speed and high-speed trains.

Examples of passenger trains.

• 459V Tambov - Adler. Seasonal summer train.
• "White Nights" . Branded passenger train on the route St. Petersburg - Vologda.
• 353E Perm - Adler. Year-round passenger train.
• 479 А Saint Petersburg - Sukhum. Seasonal passenger train for the summer-autumn period.

Life hack: how to determine the category of a train without prompting

Want to instantly navigate the train category? Look at the composition number.

• High speed trains are numbered 751-788.
• High-speed trains are numbered from 701 to 750.
• Fast trains are numbered from 1 to 298 and from 801 to 898.
• Passenger trains are numbered from 301 to 698. Numbers 451 to 598 denote seasonal or one-time trains.

It is difficult in our time to find a person who would not see the train, but not everyone will be able to answer the question: "What is called a train" On the railways by train it is customary to call a formed and coupled train of cars with one or more operating locomotives, with established signals.
As soon as a train locomotive is attached to the train, it (the train) turns into a train. Each train is assigned a number. The number is the "face" of the train. If they say train number 21, then the railwayman understands that he is talking about a fast passenger train, and it moves from the east or north.
Crossing borders, trains and carriages of the Soviet railways rushed south and north, west and east. They carry passengers to all corners of our vast Motherland. And not only! Trains and carriages of the Soviet railways ply through the territory of 25 states of Europe and Asia - to Ulaanbaatar, Pyongyang, Beijing, Hanoi. They are not stopped either by different track widths or water barriers. At the transfer points of border stations, carriages were simply changed, and they crossed water obstacles on ferries. Our wagons sailed on the waters of the North Sea from the port of the German Democratic Republic of Rostock to the Swedish port of Malmo, following to Stockholm and Oslo and returning home from there.
And what about the numbering of passenger trains? Over the 150-year history of railways, it has changed more than once. So, from May 15, 1929, the People's Commissariat of Railways (NKPS) established the following numbering of passenger trains: courier trains were assigned numbers from 1 to 8, fast trains from 11 to 38, postal trains from 41 to 58, passenger trains from 61 to 78, commodity - passenger - from 81 to 85, suburban - from 101 to 895 and labor - from 901 to 988.
In the 1970s, trains were numbered as follows: fast numbers were numbered 1-98; 101-298 - long-distance passenger, year-round circulation; 301-498 - long-haul passenger assigned in summer; 501-598 - long-distance single-use passenger; 601-698 - passenger local; 6001-6998 suburban; 801-898 tourist and excursion; 901-948 postage and baggage; 951-968 cargo-passenger (by tickets); 971-998 human (according to cargo documents).
With the introduction of high-speed trains ER-200 and Aurora between Moscow and Leningrad, the numbering was slightly changed: numbers 1-99 were reserved for high-speed trains running all year round; 101 - 149 - fast summer; 151-169 - high-speed passenger; 171-299 - long-distance passenger, running all year round; 301-399 - long-distance passenger summer; 401 - 499 - single-use passenger (export); 501-599 - single-use passenger (dotted); 601-699 - passenger local; 6001-6999 suburban; 801-899 tourist and excursion. The numbering of post-baggage, cargo-passenger and human trains did not change.
Modern numbering is more complex. How different it is from the numbering 90 years ago!

About branded trains

Signature train Enisey No. 55/56 by route Krasnoyarsk-Moscow, forming the Krasnoyarsk wagon depot. The distance of 4044 km is covered in 65 hours and 22 minutes at a speed of up to 120 km / h. At the beginning of the 20th century, a trip from Moscow to Krasnoyarsk took 11 days.
The composition of the branded train consists of comfortable carriages: 4 compartment cars, 4 reserved seats, 3 luxury carriages of economy class, 1 SV business class carriage, 1 restaurant car and a staff car.
Business class cars are compartment passenger cars with air conditioning and video doubles. Seats in the compartment - 2. The fare includes: Providing sets of bed linen of improved quality, meals: cold snacks, first course, second course, dessert, drinks of your choice cognac, vodka, beer, soft drinks, mineral water, printed materials, items personal hygiene.
Economy class carriages with 4-seater compartments with air conditioning. The fare includes: provision of bed linen sets of improved quality, meals: cold snacks, first course, second course, dessert, drinks of your choice / tea, coffee, soft drinks, mineral water /, printed materials, personal hygiene items
In each carriage, a friendly conductor will offer you bed linen, hot tea or coffee, and pastries. On the way, interesting meetings, funny fellow travelers, vivid impressions and, of course, attentive service await you. At your service - comfortable compartments, a restaurant car with original Siberian cuisine, the latest press.