Cheops pyramid today. Secrets and mysteries of the Cheops pyramid. How the pyramids were built in Egypt

Today we will travel a few millennia ago, during the time of the ancient pharaohs and magnificent pyramids. To do this, we will go to the Giza plateau - a suburb with a population of more than 3 million inhabitants, which is visited by tens of thousands of tourists every year. After all, the Great Pyramids of Egypt are located here, and not in Cairo itself, as many are accustomed to consider. And this place provides us with an amazing opportunity to see with our own eyes the only of the 7 wonders of the world that has survived to this day - the Cheops pyramid, as well as one of the largest statues in the world - the famous Great Sphinx. Just think, the complex has existed for over 4,500 years! My head is spinning from such numbers.

What is Giza, a suburb of Cairo, today.

The modern district of Giza looks poor and nondescript. Nothing special - lots of cars, people, shops, signage ...

... sometimes not entirely clear.

Smiling residents of modern Giza.

Ironically, an inconspicuous town is adjacent to one of the most famous ancient architectural complexes in the world. What immediately catches your eye is an unusual combination of city buildings and the tops of the pyramids hanging over them. The magnificent pyramids seem to beckon you, inviting you to come closer to open the veil of their secrets and legends.

COMPLEX PYRAMID GIZA

Information:
Giza pyramid complex
Location: Pyramids Road, Giza
How to get there: by bus: stop next to the Ramses Hilton hotel - 357 bus, or minibuses in the direction of Giza; by metro: The Giza station, then - by minibus or taxi to the pyramids; by taxi (20-30 pounds)
Cost: 80 LE, students - 40 LE
Opening hours: summer - 7: 00-19: 00, winter - 8: 00-17: 00
The ticket includes access to the Giza plateau (viewing the pyramids outside), visiting the Temple of Khafre in the valley (Valley Temple of Khafre), the pyramids of Cheops satellite, and some separate small pyramids

Single tickets:
Cheops Pyramid of Khufu - 200 LE, students - 100 LE; summer - 8: 00-11: 00, 13: 00-18: 00, winter - 8: 00-11: 00, 13: 00-17: 00; only 150 tickets are sold before the break and 150 after.
Chefren's Pyramid (Pyramid of Khafre) - 40 LE, students - 20 LE; Pyramid of Menkaure - temporarily closed;
Museum of the Sun Rook - 60 LE;
For students discounts on the ISIC card are provided

Light show (Sound and Light Show)- daily at 19:00 - in English, 20:00 - German, Italian, Spanish, French (depending on the day of the week), 21:00 - in Arabic. Duration - about an hour. It is possible to translate into Russian, Japanese, Polish, Chinese and other languages \u200b\u200b(via headphones, included in the price).
Phones: (+202) 338-57320, (+202) 338-47823, (+202) 338-67374

Photographing is prohibited inside the pyramids. Shooting on a plateau with a tripod - 20 LE. Tickets for the plateau and individual tickets for the entrance to the pyramids of Cheops and Chefren, as well as for the light show, are sold near different entrances.

Briefly about the main thing.The Giza Plateau lies in the Libyan Desert. Here are the buildings of the times of the Ancient Kingdom (XXVI-XXIII centuries BC). The base of the complex is 3 Great Pyramids along with its satellite pyramids. Also on the Giza plan, you can see the tombs of members of the families of the pharaohs and nobles, the statue of the Great Sphinx, 4 cemeteries, several temples, a modern center for the study of the pyramids and a museum. To take a closer look at all of these buildings, you will likely need a whole day. Unfortunately, I did not have so much time, so only the most important objects are included in my article.

The plan of the complex:

And so the Great Pyramids look like a bird's eye view. They can be seen even from the window of an airplane, if you fly over Cairo. So during my first flight to Egypt, a good half of the passengers gathered at the portholes, when the captain said that if we all move together to the right side of the cabin, the plane would bend from that weight and we could see the pyramids. It worked 🙂

In the evenings, the Sphinx hosts light shows on the theme of Ancient Egypt and the Pyramids (Sound and Light Show) in several languages \u200b\u200b(for an additional fee).

I want to warn you - be careful with such barkers. One acquaintance told me the story of how her son was almost forcibly put on a camel and began to photograph “absolutely free”. But in order to remove the frightened guy from the hump of a proud desert ship, and return the camera to the mistress, they began to demand bakshish. I had to threaten with guides and policemen. The moral of this fable is this: you can ride, but carefully. In which case, immediately boldly declare that you will now call a guide, even if you came here alone. This, oddly enough, works. Just don’t think that I’m discouraging you from taking beautiful camel photos. In my opinion, the idea is wonderful, the main thing is to agree on a price in advance 🙂

The Great Pyramids of Giza: the main decoration of the complex.

What pyramids were not built in Ancient Egypt - step, broken, pink, huge or very tiny ... The most famous of them - the Great Pyramids - are located in the central part of the Giza complex, where they are located on the same line - from the largest to the smallest. it pyramids of Cheops (Khufu), Chefren (Hafra) and Mykerin (Menkaur).

!!Fact: As you know, these 3 pharaohs were related. Chefren was the brother or son of Cheops, and Mycerin was the son of Chefren.

Each of the pyramids has its own "satellite pyramids", where members of the families of the pharaohs are buried, and its own memorial temple (see the plan of the complex). Here they are, beauties, towering against the backdrop of Cairo.

From this perspective, it seems that the “tip” pyramid is the largest in size, but in fact, this is the middle of the three — the Chefren pyramid.

In the next photo, the smallest pyramid of Mycerinus with its tiny companions. Mikherin and Cheops each got 3 "satellite pyramids", but Chefren - only one.

Scientists still argue whether these pyramids were built by humans or alien creatures, whether they were intended only for burials or had other secret meanings. To return to the past for real, to look at least with one eye on the life of Giza several thousand years ago ... Eh, dreams ...

Cheops Pyramid: along the corridors of one of the Wonders of the World.

Clicking a few "postcards", I went inside the pyramid of Cheops. The only one from our group. What kind of non-curious people are they? So gentlemen, it is the largest and most famous of the Egyptian pyramids, the only one of the Seven Wonders of the World that has managed to reach our days. Uraa, and I saw him with my own eyes! Another name for the Cheops pyramid is the Great pyramid. It was intended, in fact, for the burial of Pharaoh Cheops (or Khufu).

Her 3 companions - the small pyramids standing next to her - are the pyramid of Queen Hetepherez (GIa) - mother Khufu, the pyramid of Queen Meritit I (GIb) - 1st wife of Khufu, and the pyramid of Henutsen (GIc) - 2nd wife of Khufu. One of them is visible in the photograph.

!!Fact: Initially, the top of the Cheops pyramid was gilded.

She probably has the most crowds of people than other points of the complex combined. Everyone wants to touch it, smell it, lean, take a picture ...

Here are the main parameters of the Cheops pyramid:

• The height of the pyramid is 139 meters.
• 4 sides of its base - 230 meters long each, with a slight difference.
• Materials for construction - limestone, basalt, granite.
• The total weight of the pyramid is more than 6 million tons. It consists of about 2.5 million stone blocks. The average size of each block is 1 m³, the average weight is 2.5 tons. The heaviest of them weighs as much as 35 tons.

You can climb the blocks, which I did. The truth is not high, otherwise the guard will begin to swear. A great chance to "touch the antiquity."

As for the entrance, there are as many as 2. They used to get inside through the old entrance. The current one is located a little lower, tourists pass through it these days. He was once smashed into the wall of the pyramid, hoping to find treasures there. Not found.

So, we go inside, going through the open gate in the background. Unfortunately, this photograph was the only “legal” inside the Cheops pyramid: for some reason, shooting here is prohibited. The camera has to be left at the entrance at your own peril and risk. I resisted for a long time, it was elementary scary for the fate of my camera. True, in the end he was returned unharmed. Further photos will be taken using the phone, which I carefully hid so that he would not fall into the hands of the guard 🙂

The first impression of the pyramid is the muffled light and silence inside, long and very narrow corridors. Inside there are neither statues, nor wall paintings, which are found, for example, in the later tombs of c. It has its own special atmosphere.

But what was my disappointment when I discovered that you can only go through several corridors and enter only a few rooms. I compared what is open to tourists with what is on the plan of the pyramid, and I realized that only a third is open for inspection. As a result, the whole trip down to the final point and back, if you do not consider every corner, took only a few minutes. That’s the whole Great Pyramid. I read the comments on the Internet, and came to the conclusion that either I somehow missed the aisles, or at that time they were simply closed. I will explain what is at stake. Look at plan of the Cheops pyramid.

As we see, inside it there are 3 burial chambers, one of which for some reason was not completed. Also, in the pyramid there is a system of corridors with a large gallery. This is what I expected to see in theory. In fact, what I managed to get through is this is the path from the entrance (2) along the downward corridor (4) to the incomplete underground chamber (5). All, comrades! Annoyingly.

Downward Corridor (4).

The length of the corridor is 105 m. The descent takes place at a large slope. If for some reason you want to stop in the middle, then this is unlikely to work out if you do not want to delay the rest: the passage is really narrow and does not even fit two people wide. Next comes short tunnelleading to an unfinished underground chamber (5). I saw another passage closed by a grate. Apparently, behind it lies the missing part on the pyramid plan.

Camera (5) It is a small nondescript room. That, in fact, is all. Maybe I was not looking there?

Finally, another fact. In the 20th century, a large wooden boat (boat) was disassembled in one of the rooms. Now she is in the Museum of the Sun Rook, located next to the pyramid. Unfortunately, I did not have enough time to visit the museum.

We move on to one of the most beloved by tourists points of the Giza complex - the Great Sphinx statue, the oldest surviving monumental statue in the world. Let me remind you that in ancient Egypt, the sphinx is a stone figure of a lion with a human head. For several millennia, he has basked under the Egyptian sun, carefully guarding the plateau and its buildings.

The height of the Sphinx is 20 m, its width is 73 m. For its age, the statue has been perfectly preserved to this day, however, having lost its nose in the fight against sandy winds. The face of the mythical animal is turned towards the Nile, from where the sun rises. Scientists believe that it has portrait similarities with the pharaoh Mikerin, the “master” of one of the three Great Pyramids.

What kind of photographs with the Sphinx are not made by travelers who come here .. Some jump against its background, others try to acquire, and still others give it a kiss as hot as the Libyan desert. I was no exception. The Sphinx impressed me almost more than the pyramids themselves, and, I think, he deserved this kiss.

Next to the statue is an extension - temple of the sphinx. Together they form a single complex. Separate tickets for visiting the temple are not needed, as he did not try to convince me of the opposite. Of course, he tried to act as a ticketer himself.

In this romantic frame with a kiss, I finish my story. See you again with the hot Egypt!

Not many people know, but the great pyramids in Giza can not only be walked around and crawled along its lower tiers, but climb inside the ancient tunnels left by the builders. The main tourist flow does this in the Cheops pyramid, but I will show you what is inside the Mycerin pyramid.

The third, the smallest of the pyramids, belongs to the pharaoh of the 4th dynasty Mikerin (Menkaur), who lived in the XXVI century BC, in those days when there was no mention of Ancient Greece. It is 65.5 meters high, the base is 103 meters.

It is now all the pyramids are yellow from limestone, and in those days the Mykerin pyramid was faced in its lower part (visible now) with red granite, above the level was covered with white limestone, and the very top was again made of red granite. But over time, most of the lining collapsed or was stolen

To the left of the pyramid there are 3 more small pyramids - satellites are the pyramids in which the queens were buried.

You can only get inside the Cheops pyramid and the Mykerin pyramid, the first is at the entrance to Giza and there is just a crowd of people who want to - it’s hot, crowded, uncomfortable. In the case of Mikerin, I went down inside the pyramid alone. And the price is much more profitable. Entrance to the Cheops pyramid costs about $ 10, while in Mykirin - 60 Egyptian pounds, that is, $ 3.5. True, the ticket must be taken at the beginning at the box office. I agreed with the caretaker, handed him even a little more - 70 Egyptian pounds. But there were 4 of them at the entrance, including police officers, and they would not pat them on the head without a ticket without a ticket.

One problem, the camera at the entrance was taken from me. Perhaps you can’t shoot inside, or maybe because I'm a stowaway ... but inside I took everything on the phone

In this video, I am in the first funeral room and go down to the main funeral room, where the sarcophagus of Mikerin was supposed to be

Here I am in the main burial chamber, go upstairs to the first burial chamber, inspect it (perhaps we see the entrance to the false tunnel), and then through 2 tunnels and two small rooms I go to the exit of the pyramid

As it should be for most pyramids, inside there is only one small burial chamber, where the sarcophagus with the deceased was located. Moreover, this camera is located at ground level or slightly lower. A simple narrow corridor leads into the chamber. There are no tunnels and labyrinths in the pyramids - this is a fairy tale, and they are not needed. The existing move was needed so that the body of the pharaoh was put in the burial chamber, and then people left it. Therefore, the aisles are small and very uncomfortable. And if there is a lot of people and heat (there is air inside the pyramid, you know what it is), then this is a big problem for tourists. But in the case of the Mykerin pyramid, not everything is so complicated - the descent is not very large, knees, of course, are difficult, but tolerable. But if you get into the Pink Pyramid, then you’ll have to go down steeply about 100 meters ...

In the case of the Pyramid of Mikherin, a small descent awaits you, then two small, parallel to the ground, corridors with a small hall in the center, after which you find yourself in the first burial chamber. Here is a small descent into a real burial chamber, where the sarcophagus of the pharaoh was. It is worth noting - and this is visible on the plan - another corridor is connected to the first burial chamber, which goes up and ends in a dead end. It is difficult to say his purpose, most likely his task is to lead the robbers from the real burial of the ruler, hidden under the floor.

In the pyramid itself there are no inscriptions, drawings, decoration elements - just tunnels and cameras. True, in some other pyramids minimal architecture is found - a stepwise arch of cameras, stars ... but nothing more.

As for the robbers, it’s no secret, the burial rooms of the pharaohs often contained a large amount of gold - masks, jewelry, royal regalia, and other valuable objects. Because of this, most of the pyramids and other graves were looted immediately after the burial ceremony or in the same ancient period. To prevent this, the pyramid builders made one narrow entrance and then sealed it, and the entrance could be at different heights and not always in the center. The only thing that remained unchanged was that the entrance to the pyramid was always on the north side. In the pyramid itself there were also false moves and even traps, as in the case of the false tunnel going up in the Pyramid of Mikherin.

In our case, the pyramid also did not remain untouched, it can be seen in the diagram and in the photo that the robbers made a hole in the center of the pyramid, reached its core and started digging downward, but stopped at ground level. However, when a British archaeologist examined the inner chambers in 1837, he still found a wooden (inner) sarcophagus with the bones of a man and a cartouche belonging to Mikherin while approaching in the galleries. However, more recent studies have shown that these bones belong to a person who died 2,000 years ago, and not 4,500 ... that is, it was a human skeleton of the period of Roman rule in Egypt. Even further, scientists found a basalt sarcophagus with the bones of a young woman. The sarcophagus itself subsequently sank during transportation along with the Biatriche ship in the Mediterranean Sea. Thus, by our time the pyramid had reached empty.

It will not be possible to go around and crawl around, but this does not stop many

The desert around the pyramids, although in fact the haze hides the multi-million dollar Cairo

View of the Chefren Pyramid

- one of the oldest “seven wonders of the world”, which has survived to this day. She inherited her name from the creator - Pharaoh Cheops and is the largest in the group of Egyptian pyramids.

It is believed that it serves as the tomb for his dynasty. The Cheops Pyramid is located on the Giza plateau.

The dimensions of the Cheops pyramid

The height of the Cheops Pyramid initially reached 146.6 meters, but time is inexorably and gradually destroying this impressive building. Today it has decreased to 137.2 meters.

The pyramid is made up of a total of 2.3 million cubic meters of stone. The weight of one stone is on average 2.5 tons, but there are even those whose mass reaches 15 tons.

Most interesting, these blocks are so perfectly fitted that even a thin knife’s blade cannot pass through them. They stuck together with white cement, as protection against the penetration of water inside. It is still preserved.

One side of the pyramid is 230 meters long. The base area is 53,000 square meters, which can be equated to ten football fields.

This huge building amazes with its grandeur and blows antiquity. According to scientists, the total weight of the pyramid is 6.25 million tons. Previously, its surface was perfectly smooth. Now, unfortunately, there is no trace of this smoothness.

Inside the pyramid of Cheops, there is one entrance, located at an altitude of 15.5 meters above the ground. There are tombs in which the pharaohs were buried. These so-called burial chambers are made of durable granite and are located at a depth of 28 meters.

The pyramid consists of incoming and descending passages that were not used in any other similar building. One of the features is a large descent leading to the tomb of the pharaoh.

The Cheops Pyramid is located directly in that place, which points to all four cardinal points. It is one of all the oldest structures, has such accuracy.

History of the Cheops Pyramid

How could the ancient Egyptians build this Pyramid and when, probably, no one can tell the exact data. But in Egypt, the official date when construction began is considered August 23, 2480 BC.

It was then that Pharaoh Snofu died and his son Khufu (Cheops) gave the order for the construction of the pyramid. He wanted to build such a pyramid so that it became not only one of the greatest structures, but also glorified his name for centuries.

It is known that about 100,000 people simultaneously participated in its construction. For 10 years they only built the road along which it was necessary to deliver stones, and the construction itself continued for another 20-25 years.

According to scientists, it is known that workers cut down huge boulders in quarries on the banks of the Nile. In boats, they set off to the other side and, on the road, felled dragged a block to the construction site itself.

Then came the turn of hard and very dangerous work. The blocks were stacked to each other with extraordinary precision using ropes and levers.

Secrets of the Cheops Pyramid

For almost 3,500 years no one has violated the peace of the Cheops Pyramid. She was fanned by the legends of punishing anyone who penetrates the chambers of the pharaoh.

However, such a daredevil Caliph Abdullah al-Mamun was found, he laid a tunnel inside the pyramid in order to profit. But what was his surprise when he did not find absolutely any treasures. And indeed, this is one of the many secrets of this magnificent building.

No one knows if Pharaoh Cheops was really buried in it or if his tomb was sacked by the ancient Egyptians. Scientists emphasize that the pharaoh’s cell does not have decorations, which at that time it was customary to decorate the tombs. There is no lid on the sarcophagus, and it is not fully healed. Obviously, the work was not completed.

After an unsuccessful attempt by Abdullah al-Mamun, having frenzied, he ordered the pyramids to be dismantled. But naturally, he did not achieve this goal. And the robbers lost all interest in her and her nonexistent treasures.

In 1168, the Arabs burnt part of Cairo, and when the Egyptians began to rebuild their homes, they removed the white slabs from the pyramid.

And from that pyramid shining like a gem, there was only a stepped case. This is how it appears today, in front of enthusiastic tourists.

The Cheops pyramid is constantly being investigated, since the time of Napoleon. And some researchers are more likely to believe theories about building a pyramid with aliens or Atlanteans.

Because to this day it is not clear how builders could achieve such excellent stone processing and precise styling, which external factors have not acted on for centuries. And the pyramid’s measurements themselves amaze with their results.

The pyramid was surrounded by other interesting buildings, mainly temples. But to date, almost nothing has been preserved.

Their purpose is not fully understood, but in 1954, archaeologists found the most ancient ship on this site. It was the Sun boat, which was made without a single nail, with preserved traces of silt, and most likely swam in the time of Cheops.

The Cheops Pyramid is located on the Giza Plateau. Giza is a settlement northwest of Cairo. You can get there by taxi, calling the final stop the Mena House Hotel. Either take the bus from the stops of Tahrir Square in Cairo or take the train at Ramses Station.

Cheops Pyramid on the map

Attractions opening hours and price

You can see the majestic Cheops Pyramid every day from 8.00 to 17.00. in winter, visits are limited to 16.30. It is advisable to visit the pyramid in the early morning, or in the late afternoon. The rest of the hours are hot enough, and even through the crowds of tourists do not break through. Although at this hour there are not so few of them.

When going to the ticket office, which is not far from the hotel, you should not pay attention to the touts, offering to ride on camels or calling themselves controllers. Most likely, these are scammers.

The cost of entering the territory will cost $ 8, the entrance to the Cheops Pyramid itself will cost $ 16. And of course it is worth visiting the two pyramids of Chefren and Mykerin standing next to each, each will cost $ 4. And to see the Solar Rook - $ 7.

It is impossible to appreciate all the power and greatness shrouded in many secrets of the Cheops Pyramid from photographs or words.

You just need to see it with your own eyes and touch this ancient, truly impressive building.

Daria Nessel | Dec 21, 2016

The Cheops Pyramid (Khufu Pyramid) is one of the most famous and the only surviving to this day, which anyone who came to Cairo can see. Her age dates back to about 2500 BC. About fifty hundred years old, it rises, surprising and astonishing with its size, in the burning Egyptian desert. This unique complex has been studied for more than a century. More than one generation of Egyptologists and archaeologists have "broken many copies" with disputes about its purpose and construction methods. Thanks to the Khufu pyramid (which the Greeks called Cheops), the science of pyramidology appeared. Adherents of non-traditional teachings, magicians of all times have also put forward their own speculations, describing the genesis of this grandiose creation.

Versions on the methods of building the Cheops pyramid

The Cheops Pyramid was built by the architect and chief Hemiun, a cousin or nephew of the supreme ruler. The methods used by the Egyptians in its construction were forgotten and lost due to wars, civil strife, adverse weather conditions that fell on Ancient Egypt, when there were no memories left from its former wealth and power.

There are many interpretations explaining how the pyramid of Cheops was built. The first was suggested by Herodotus, who visited Egypt in the 5th century BC. and left a detailed description of what he saw. According to him, more than 100,000 slaves were involved in the construction, many of whom died in this hard work. With the help of levers made of wood, they raised huge basalt blanks to the desired level. This option does not stand up to criticism, since it is problematic to imagine such levers that can withstand almost three-ton stone and raise it to a height of more than 140 meters (the inhabitants of the Nile valley at that time did not know what a wheel and block are).

Another version is the use of the embankment erected around the building as it grows. If you adhere to this point of view, the volume of excavation work will also require a huge number of working hands.

Meanwhile, the most modern archaeological finds indicate that near the construction site there was a village where about 4,500 people permanently employed in the construction of the tomb settled down. These people were not slaves, they ate well and had good homes. It is estimated that up to 20,000 Egyptians were involved in temporary work at the end of agricultural work.

The third is the use of a spiral outer ramp around the entire perimeter. But its application did not give an explanation of how the inner chamber was made, where the sarcophagus of the pharaoh is located 50 meters above the base, and where one relatively narrow corridor leads.

Khufu Pyramid - sparkling crystal of Egypt

The Cheops Pyramid in Egypt is a geometric body with a square base with a perimeter of 922 m, with a height of 146 m from the base (the original, now 138 m). The angle of inclination of its geometrically perfect faces was 51 degrees. It is laid out with limestone blocks of 2.5 tons.

In the center there are three rooms of five-ton polished granite blocks, in one of which is the sarcophagus of the pharaoh. The purpose of the two smaller cameras located above it is unknown. According to recent assumptions, they serve as a shock absorber that does not allow crushing the "chambers of the king." Everything in the cavity of the building, except for the tunnel leading to the rooms and down below the base, as well as two ventilation drifts, is completely filled with monoliths.

Until 1168, the tomb of Khufu was lined with polished elements of soft material, which made it look like a crystal sparkling under the rays of the sun. Subsequently, the lining was used by the Kairians to rebuild their city after the invasion of the Arabs. The total weight of the monument, resting on a carved rock base, is over 5 million tons. Even with today's advanced technologies and equipment, it is difficult to imagine a way to firmly construct this miracle of architecture.

Theories of the creation of the Cheops pyramid

The French architect Jean Pierre Ruden became interested in the Khufu Pyramid in 1999 and devoted 10 years of his hard work to it. As a professional designer, he wanted to figure out what techniques people used almost 5,000 years ago to build it. The result of his examination was the conclusion: the ancient Egyptians used an internal ramp during construction, growing along with the pyramid and repeating its perimeter, with an inclination angle of no higher than 7 degrees (a steeper rise makes it impossible to move stone parallelepipeds on wooden rolls and runners).

The impeccable fulfillment of geometric proportions, Jean Pierre explained by the fact that at first they placed face polished blocks along the outlined lines, then two more internal rows of already unpolished, but correctly marked plates were aligned along them, and then the empty space was filled with rough sawn limestone. His theory gave an explanation of how the granite parallelepipeds of the pharaoh’s burial chamber were raised and installed at a 50-meter height.

This theory would be considered reliable and final if there were voids in the thickness of the Cheops pyramid that remained after the cessation of construction and indicated the presence of internal ramps. But so far there is no such confirmation.

All experts agree that some parts of the Khufu pyramid are executed at a high technological level, which was not implemented 4000 years ago. So, for example, granite pieces of the structure are cut out of the rock with such precision that it is not possible to even insert a knife blade into the gap between them.

The fact of the Khufu burial itself raises many questions: the granite sarcophagus for his mummy was not completed, executed without proper thoroughness, and no traces of the burial were found. The presence in the masonry of 15 and 35 tons of granite stones also does not find their explanation. Such inconsistencies gave rise to theories about the divine origin of the pyramid at Giza. Since the end of the XIX century, the Cheops pyramid has become a place of pilgrimage for the followers of various esoteric movements and addicted to magic, who proclaimed it the habitat of spirits and demons.

Edgar Cayce, the most famous of all occultists (1877–1945), proclaimed that the Atlanteans created it 10,000 years BC to save themselves from the global flood, and that the lost wisdom of a highly developed civilization is contained there.

The beginning of the space age gave birth to a fiction about the involvement of aliens in its construction. The most popular author of one of these conclusions, the Swiss Erich von Daniken, hypothesized that the Cheops pyramid was designed by aliens to store the bodies of representatives of foreign civilizations who died on Earth; and the god Ra, who was worshiped by the local population, is an alien, and all the myths and religion of this period are simply a distorted reflection of reality. Careful geometric and astronomical research has led to unexpected discoveries that can be attributed to either random coincidences or patterns:

• the ratio of base to height is approximately 3.14 (pi);
• the direction of the corridor and ventilation shafts coincides with the location in the sky of the North Star, stars Sirius and Alnitak.

The latter led to the theory that the Cheops pyramid was nothing more than an astronomical observatory.

In the 60–70s of the 20th century. a new surge of interest in this object occurred due to the experiment of Czech Karel Dribal, who put a dull razor inside a cardboard copy (15 cm) of the pyramid, and after a few days the initial sharpness returned to it.

When fragments of stones were removed near the Khufu pyramid, they noticed a closed triangular chamber, consisting of heavy limestone slabs. It was in 1955. Having lifted a plate with the image of Jefedra, they found a huge boat, consisting of 1224 parts. It was a large boat made of Lebanese cedar. It consisted of 2 cabins, could swim on water with 10 oars. Fragments from acacia needed repair. The rook was collected for 10 years. In 1971, she was exhibited at the Museum of the Solar Rook.

There was a second camera, it was not opened for a long time. But in 1987, another smaller boat was found by the radar. It is poorly preserved. In 2008, money was allocated for excavations, in 2011 its details were raised up.

Sarcophagus, internal corridors, discharge chambers, sun rook, companion pyramids, treasures of the queen.

The diagonal of one of the faces of the Cheops pyramid is directed along the meridian exactly to the North Pole, and with an error less than that of the Paris Observatory. In addition, the pyramids "reflect" the location of the constellation Orion, and the top of the Great Pyramid looks exactly at the North Star.

The Great Pyramid consists of three chambers, which corresponded to the three stages of its construction. Pharaoh wanted at any time to have a ready tomb.

The first chamber is carved into the rock at a depth of about 30 m below the base; it is not located exactly in its center.

The cell area is 8 x 14 m, height - 3.5 m. This camera, like the second one, remained unfinished.

The second chamber is located in the core of the pyramid, exactly under its peak, at an altitude of about 20 m above the base of the structure. Its area is 5.7 x 5.2 m. The vaulted ceiling reaches a height of 6.7 m. Previously, it was called the tomb of the Queen.

The third chamber was the tomb of the pharaoh. She is the only one of all three is complete. It was in this room that a sarcophagus was found. This chamber was built at an altitude of 42.2 m above the base, slightly south of the axis of the pyramid. The length of this room from east to west is 10.4 m, from north to south - 5.2 m. The ceiling height reaches 5.8 m.

Tomb of the pharaoh

This room was beautifully lined with impeccably fitted granite slabs. The ceiling is formed by nine monoliths, whose weight is 400 tons. 5 discharge chambers are located above the ceiling, the total height of which is 17 m. The uppermost one ends with a gable roof, built of huge blocks that take on the weight of about 1,000,000 tons of stone mass and designed so that it does not press directly on the burial room.

According to one theory, the pyramids are the most powerful energy center of the Earth. They say that the meridian, on which the top of the Cheops pyramid is located, divides the surface of land and sea equally. A parallel passing through the center of the pyramid also divides the planet into two equal parts by the amount of water and land.

All three cameras have so-called hallways, interconnected by corridors or mines. Some mines in the lower chambers end in a dead end. They are carved in masonry at a later time. Two such mines are laid from the royal tomb to the surface of the pyramid and go out almost in the middle of the northern and southern walls. We do not know their original purpose, but, of course, among other things, they should have provided ventilation.

For the first time after construction, the entrance to the pyramid was located on the north side at an altitude of 25 m above the base. Nowadays, the pyramid can be entered from another entrance, located about 15 m below the original, almost in the very middle of the north side. You have to bend down a narrow and low horizontal corridor of 40 m in length, since it was not cut for the convenience of many tourists and is the result of the long labors of ancient robbers.

At the end of this corridor is a wooden staircase, climbing up which the visitor will find himself in a low granite room, which is a kind of hallway. Entering it, a person enters the very heart of the pyramid.

The Grand Gallery is a unique structure, even on a grand scale, which can be considered the Great Pyramid. Its length seems endless, since the polished walls reflect the light of electric lamps installed recently and illuminating the room, like ancient metal plates. Thanks to this effect, the input rectangle is completely lost from view.

The gallery is 47 meters long and 8.5 meters high. The elevation angle is 26 °. Limestone cladding slabs are laid on each other in 8 layers, each subsequent layer is 5-6 cm beyond the previous one.

Even with modern pyramid technology, it would be very difficult to build. Japanese enthusiasts tried to work on ancient technologies, but this turned out to be an impossible task. The embankments for lifting the blocks had to be huge, like the pyramid itself, but they collapsed under their own weight.

The sarcophagus is wider than the entrance to the burial chamber. It is carved from a single piece of brown-gray granite, the date and the inscription on it are missing, and the whole of it is quite badly damaged. The sarcophagus stands directly on the floor in the western corner of the cell. Most likely, no one ever pushed him. It looks as if cast from metal. Naturally, no trace has been left of the person for whose eternal tranquility he is intended.

Building around the Cheops Pyramid

The Great Pyramid is surrounded by no less laborious and expensive buildings. The ancient Greek historian Herodotus, describing the 18-meter road leading from the upper (memorial) to the lower church and lined with polished slabs, said that the work on its construction was almost as huge as the construction of the pyramid itself.

Currently, only a few meters of this road have been preserved. Lepsius and some other Egyptologists were fortunate enough to find her remains with fragments of decorative reliefs. The road was wiped off the face of the earth at the end of the 19th century during the construction of the village of Nazlat es Simman, which, like Giza, today is part of Greater Cairo.

In the territory of this village once stood the lower temple. It was distinguished by its extraordinary beauty, rising 30 meters above the ground. Most likely, people destroyed it in antiquity, being seduced by excellent building material.

Of the many buildings that once surrounded the pyramid of Cheops, only the ruins of the upper (memorial) temple, as well as three companion pyramids, are now preserved. Traces of the upper temple were discovered by the Egyptian explorer Abu Safe in 1939. After World War II, these excavations were completed by Lauer.

Traditionally, the temple was located east of the pyramid. The length of its pediment was 100 Egyptian elbows (about 52 m). It was built from turkish limestone. In the courtyard of the temple were 38 square granite pillars. In the lobby in front of the small sanctuary there were 12 more of the same pillars.

On both sides of the sanctuary at a distance of about 10 m, archaeologists discovered two so-called docks hollowed out in the limestone plateau, in which, apparently, the sun rooks were stored. To the left of the road leading to the lower temple, a third such dock was found.

All three docks discovered were, unfortunately, empty. However, in 1954, fate gave archaeologists an unexpected gift in the form of two more similar docks. One of them turned out to be a room for a perfectly preserved boat, which today is the oldest ship in the world. Its length reached 44 m, and it was made of cedar.

After removing the boat, it was subjected to conservation and placed in a specially built pavilion located near the pyramid.

Pyramids - companions

Like the temple, companion pyramids are located east of the Great Pyramid. It should be noted that usually they were built south of the main tomb. Most likely, religious traditions were violated due to the difficulties associated with the terrain. Pyramids stand in height from north to south. The side of the square base of the first pyramid is 49.5, the second is 49, the third is 46.9 m.

Each of the companion pyramids had a stone fence, a memorial chapel and a burial chamber with a room that served as a hallway into which a sheer shaft led. According to the most common hypothesis, these pyramids were intended for the wives of Cheops. The first of them, the so-called main one, according to ancient tradition, was obviously his sister.

All three companion pyramids are well preserved, having lost only the outer lining. Underground structures and the surrounding area are thoroughly examined.

According to some reports, a larger one was supposed to be built east of the first pyramid, but its construction was discontinued even before the completion of work in the burial chamber. Reisner put forward the theory that it was supposed to serve as the burial place for the mother of Cheops, Hetepherez (wife of Snofru), since the tomb in which she was initially buried was plundered shortly after the death of the queen.

Treasures of the tomb of the Queen

T. Fisanovich
Secrets of the ancient pyramids

The Great Pyramids at Giza. The pyramids of Egypt.

The audit showed that the stones (of which the pyramid is made) are 8000 years old. And Cheops lived no earlier than 4,000 years ago. 80 centuries ago, people still only learned to melt bronze. Who built the pyramids in the desert? And they are the same on Mars. (Http://svetorussie.narod.ru/MARS/Piramidy_i_lico_na_Marse.htm)
30.05.09 Crazy god

in my opinion, it has long been understood that the pyramids were built long before the Egyptians by a more advanced civilization. they could only use it as a grave)))
28.03.09 ali-balala

It seems like another rehash of interpretations on the topic "what Herodotus had in mind." And it appears in the text, if you look not at translations and translations from translations, not "mechanisms", but "devices from short pieces of wood." In all respects, the simplest “sleepers” of E. Diomedi are suitable for what the builders Snofru and Khufu actually used.
Moreover, it is fundamentally impossible to apply any individual numerous “mechanisms” in their conditions: they are inadequately slow and on masonry ledges (their width is at best 80–70 cm) for them and working with them is unacceptably close. And any attempts to expand them lead to stone-earth and transport work of a larger scale than for the Pyramid itself.
06.12.08 Rustem

If anyone is interested in exact numbers (and they are more impressive than volumes of general hymns): F.Pitri revealed such a royal elbow (no need to find fault with the fourth and next digits after the decimal point, this is the arithmetic mean of measurements on the ground): 524.0524 plus or minus 0 , 1016 mm. Multiply by 280 and 440 - and get the DESIGN (i.e. theoretically desired by their creators) overall dimensions of the Cheops pyramid. But what are the lengths of the base they got in reality: 230 358 mm, 230 251 mm, 230 391 mm and 230 583 mm. Angles between them: 89 degrees 59 minutes 58 seconds, 90 g 03 m 02 s, 89 g 56 m 27 s, 90 g 00 m 33 s.
15.12.06 Rustem

They write perfectly located on the north-south line ... How to understand - the diagonal of the base is located in the north-south or the middle line of the base? :(
22.05.06 , [email protected]Vlas

How to make a mini-pyramid at home? :) how many centimeters do you need to make? \u003d)
22.05.06 , [email protected]Vlas

How to position the pyramid relative to the milky way? Can you help?
23.04.06 , [email protected], Dmitry

well, idiots ....
05.04.06 , burn

there’s a useful little book by Peter Tomkins of “The Secrets of the Great Pyramid,” and “Secret Doctrine,” of course
27.01.06 , [email protected]yuri

The Eternal Pyramids !!! The eternal theme is to solve their riddle ... It would be nice to get closer to the truth information, otherwise wherever you read about the Pyramids, there are different numbers everywhere. It is of course 240 meters or 220, there is almost no difference, but even if they cannot measure it exactly, then how to talk about everything else. By the way, about the SPHINX. In some fairly solid articles, its length is determined by 73 meters and a height of 15 meters, and in other articles, respectively 50 meters and 20 meters. Sorry, this is not a trifle. Where is the truth?
19.01.06 Alex

You’re looking to build a new one :) It’s a lope of concrete! Who will pay?
14.01.06 , Alexander

The Cheops pyramid is the most bewitching and the worst thing that can happen to a person ... Its CRAZY dimensions make an indelible impression on the subconscious of a person who will spend more than what is supposed to be in it ... I am drawn to her ... to her riddles ... I want to her .....
19.11.05 Kelly

Not bad, make more pictures / photos and more bewitching design ...
19.11.05 Kelly

For 15 years I have been deciphering the proportions of the Cheops pyramid - I called it the “Divine Scheme”, which many ancient monuments obey
31.10.05 , [email protected]plescom

The pyramid is a tool to enter the communication channel, through which you can obtain information about the future and the past. The dimensions and proportions of the Cheops pyramid correspond to the Fibonacci numbers (L-233, H-147 (db 144, mass ~ 57000000 tons, db 56 470871 tons). Zero fractal or golden ratio. All living and non living subordinate this or other numerical series. In nature there are no sizes and proportions. The structure of objects is in a completely strict numerical series. The parameters of the pyramid affect the biological processes in the human body, affect the sensory organs. The pyramid interacts with the gravitational, spatial and temporal parameters of the earth, the nearest and deep space. A person who appeared inside the pyramid within a few hours (up to 24 hours) comprehends the knowledge of the past and present. Napoleon Bonaparte was one of three people in Europe who spent a day in the pyramid. Their impressions and new knowledge, like people in contact with the fact that a person does not have the right to know, they cannot be embraced from the standpoint of modern science.All three Europeans experienced what people who visited Tibet experienced. the opinion that the Tibetan mountains and the pyramids of Egypt are interconnected, that some mountains of Tibet are of artificial origin and are essentially pyramids, but only much larger. The colossal mass of the pyramid, the absence of vibration, sound inside the pyramid (pyramid chambers) should greatly affect the human psyche and change its functioning.
26.09.05 , [email protected], Valery

write me on the soap please who first entered the cheops pyramid
07.05.05 , [email protected]Sancho

What a pyramid !!! The construction of the pyramids was done by the Egyptians. And there’s nothing flattery for anyone else. These are not just beautiful figures - this is their life.
13.03.05 Nati

A big request to everyone who likes this topic, send me a link on this topic to my address. Blessing in advance [email protected]
21.12.04 , [email protected], Alyona

And why not build a super pyramid now, so that archaeologists would have a lesson in the future?
06.12.04 LI

And I want a pyramid !!!
29.10.04 Vika

And how to build a pyramid for yourself, a living, because somewhere there were descriptions ... Or is it all nonsense? Maybe the scale is needed? And important ...
29.03.04 , [email protected], Alexandre