Ljubljana is the capital of which country. Open the left menu is Ljubljana. When is the best time to go?

Useful information for tourists about Ljubljana in Slovenia - geographical location, tourist infrastructure, map, architectural features and attractions.

Ljubljana is the capital of Slovenia, located in central Slovenia, between the Alps and the Mediterranean Sea, on the banks of the Ljubljana River. It is believed that the territory of modern Ljubljana began to be populated in the II millennium BC. The first records mentioning Ljubljana date back to the middle of the 12th century. In 1335-1918, Ljubljana was ruled by the Habsburgs as the capital of the Duchy of Carniola and, later, the kingdom of Illyria. With the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918, Ljubljana became the unofficial capital of Slovenia in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, and after the Second World War the capital of the Yugoslav socialist republic of Slovenia.

Ljubljana is a rather compact and miniature town, so from any point it is quite easy to get to the center and back. Ljubljana center is considered to be located on the right bank of the river, on a high hill, the castle of Ljubljana Castle. Previously, it served as a residence for local feudal lords, but now it is the most visited place by tourists. It offers a beautiful view of the city.

The hill is surrounded by the old part of the city with churches and squares, and along the narrow streets there are small houses with various facades. A monument to the Slovenian poet Franz Prešeren rises on Prešeren Square, not far from the Annunciation Church, built in the middle of the 17th century, the majestic St. Nicholas Cathedral and the only park ensemble in the city - Miklošić Park.

Near the square you can see three bridges thrown over Ljubljana. They were designed by the famous architect Jože Plečnik. The bridges are decorated with dragons, which have long been a symbol of the city.

On New Square, it is interesting to see the Lontovzh Palace, where today the Academy of Sciences and Arts is located. Republic Square is known for its huge Cultural Center. The left bank of Ljubljana is full of various museums. The City Museum has a large collection of ancient Roman art. The State Museum, the Museum of Natural History, the State Gallery, the Gallery of Modern Art, the Municipal Gallery and the Modern Art Gallery, the Slovenian Ethnographic Museum, the Architectural Museum, the Slovenian Technical Museum, the Museum of Archeology, the Museum of Beer and the Tobacco Museum are also interesting.

The Ljubljana Center has many cafes (including summer ones on the streets) and restaurants with good cuisine. In restaurants you can try both local Slovenian food and cuisine from all over the world. Ljubljana is especially famous for its pizza.

The city has several good nightclubs and discos. Clubs have different directions, with different styles of music and leisure activities. Some have restrictions on the type of clothing (dress code) and age restrictions.

Between the Mediterranean Sea and the Alps, the beautiful city of Ljubljana (Slovenia) located its possessions. This is the capital of the country, located on the banks of the Ljubljana River. The first records of the city are dated to the XII century. However, this region is much more years old. The first settlements, according to historians, date back to the II millennium BC.

Until 1918, Ljubljana was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, after which it became the heart of the then existing Kingdom. However, this status was unofficial, only after the end of World War II did the city receive official “powers”. He became the capital of the Republic of Slovenia.

Basic information about Ljubljana

The beautiful, but very small city of Ljubljana is located on the banks of the river. The heart of this miniature capital was the castle of local feudal lords of Ljubljana Castle, located on the right bank. Today this place is necessarily included in any tourist program. This is not surprising - it is from here that the view of the whole of Ljubljana comes off.

Population and language

The city, which is the main economic and cultural center of Slovenia, has a total of about 280 thousand inhabitants. Ljubljana spread its possessions for 275 km. sq. But this small space is enough to fit in one place a large number of attractions, beautiful and memorable places.

Europeans often visit Ljubljana, our compatriots only discover the beauty of Slovenia. Those who decide to relax here do not have to know the Slovenian language.

Many residents also speak English fluently, but the people who live near Italy and Austria are quite fluent in German and Italian.

Student capital

A unique feature of Ljubljana is its popularity among students. About 60 thousand of them live here. This is not surprising, because it is here that the best university of Slovenia is located - University of Ljubljana (UL). It is he who is included in the 5% of the best academic ratings in the world. Foreigners are also taught various professions, however, they are only 4% of the total number of students. The cost of training, by the standards of Europe, is low - $ 2500 per year.

Security questions

Tourists are interested in not only the photos of Ljubljana, but also the level of security of the city. Travelers can be calm - according to Reader’s Digest magazine, the capital of Slovenia is at the very top of the list of the safest places on the planet.

Tourist map of Ljubljana

The capital of Slovenia, Ljubljana, is a very interesting city. You can order a lot of different excursions and spend a decent amount on it. However, there is a suggestion and it is better to use a special tourist card. This is a kind of a single ticket, which allows on favorable terms.

The electronic smart card is supplemented by a validation chip that will allow the user to go to specific places without payment. You can buy such an electronic card in special information centers, via the Internet or in hotels. It is offered by some services at a 10% discount.

Among the features and benefits of the card:

Duration of use - you can purchase a card for 24, 48, 72 hours. The countdown of the action begins after the first use.
You can use the card on city buses during the entire period of validity of the card. You can use the card to view attractions or other privileges once.
It suggests the possibility of entering 19 museums, a zoo, galleries, etc.
Allows you to use free wireless Internet for 24 hours.
Free use of the network in STIC.
Free bike ride (4 hours), tourist boat, cable car.
Rent a digital guide and a free regular tour of the city accompanied by a guide.

The total cost of the card for 24 hours is 27.00 € (for children under 14 years old - 16.00 €),
48 hours - 34,00 € (for children - 20,00 €),
78 hours - 39.00 € (children - 23.00 €).

When buying on the website www.visitljubljana.com for all types of cards a 10% discount is offered.

Every day, every active tourist who visits sights, museums and memorial sites, as well as travels around the city by bus, can save up to 100 euros.

Transport in Ljubljana

Numerous photos of Ljubljana (Slovenia) stimulate newly arrived tourists to explore numerous attractions. This means that you will need to use various modes of transport in order to have time everywhere and carefully study everything.

The city has a good location - it is located at a kind of crossroads of tourist roads.

It is located near the Adriatic Sea, lies on the way to Venice and Vienna. This fact often makes tourists stop by for a couple of days in the city for a passing inspection and acquaintance. Ljubljana has every reason to boast of its excellent roads and transport interchanges. Voyagers will have no difficulty choosing a transportation method.

Ljubljana Airport

It is from this place that many tourists begin acquaintance with the local regions. Just a 20-minute drive separates the main Slovenian airport (named after Jože Pučnik) from the city of Ljubljana. Flights to various countries of the world are most often organized by the Slovenian airline Adria Airways - it is quite reliable, it is one of the members of the international Star Alliance network.

You can get to the city from Ljubljana Airport by bus No. 28, which delivers passengers to the bus station. Buses run approximately once an hour, less often on weekends. The fare is 4.1 €. A taxi will cost you 40 €.

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Buses

This is the most affordable and easiest way to travel, on which you can also save on the condition of purchasing a tourist card, which we wrote about above. You can use transport cards, which are offered in the so-called "urbanomats" of green color. It is also sold in tobacco, newspaper, tourist stalls, at the post office and in information centers.

The card itself costs € 2.00. It is replenished for any amount of funds, given the fare of 1.20 €. An advantageous feature of such cards is that it allows you to make free transfers within the first 90 minutes of paying for the fare.

You can travel from Ljubljana here both for long and short distances. It is especially beneficial to travel within Slovenia, since in this case the transportation costs will be insignificant and the trips themselves short. From the capital you can reach other states: Austria and Germany, the Czech Republic and Croatia, Italy and Serbia. Trains also run to Hungary and Switzerland.

The following types of trains exist in Slovenia:

Electrical - Primestni and Regionalni.
International - Mednarodni.
Intercity, which can also run between countries, is Intercity.
Express trains - Intercity Slovenija.
International Express - Eurocity.
Night international express trains - EuroNight.

The fare will vary depending on the direction and travel time. For instance:

maribor in the second class can be reached for 15 €.
from Ljubljana to Koper, the cost of a ticket to Intercity (second class) will not exceed 10 €;
and from Maribor to Kloper for 4 hours on the way you will need to pay 26 €.

All travelers can rent a vehicle if they turn to branches of the Slovenian company AMZS or foreign car rental locations.

Car enthusiasts who decide to travel by car will have to purchase a special vignette for the right to drive on the motorway that connects Slovenia with other countries. You can buy such permits at any gas stations, newsstands. So that the driver can freely navigate on the roads, special highways are marked with specific road signs.

Another type of transport that is convenient to use and does not harm the environment. You can choose a suitable “iron horse” in the club “Ljubljansko Kolo”. A tourist card will give you the opportunity to use your bike for 4 hours, you will have to buy extra time separately. For the day of travel you will need to pay 8 €, for 2 hours - 2 €.

Festivals Ljubljana

Ljubljana is a real cultural center that can boast the oldest philharmonic orchestra, as well as a jazz festival. However, this is not the only event of the year. Here, during this time, more than ten thousand events of cultural significance are organized. A special place is occupied by festivals.

In March, the time comes for a festival of classical music, at which numerous contemporary composers perform. Famous compositions sound from the stage

In April comes the turn of Exodos - a festival of theatrical art, which brings together representatives of the cultural class from around the world

May meets an event where ethnic motives will play, and a little later the time for the graduate parade will come.

At the very beginning of summer, the center of the capital of Slovenia, Ljubljana, becomes a real stage for performances and performances. All of them are held free of charge, so tourists who will be in the city at this time of the year will be able to take part and watch the performance.

In July, the Ljubljana Jazz Festival opens. Another important event is Kinodvorishce - a huge cinema located in the atrium of the railway.

In July and August, a puppet festival starts, aimed not only at attracting the interest of children, but also dedicating all comers to the world of childhood.

In September, the International Biennale, the largest graphic event of the year, which is very famous, will open. In October, a festival dedicated to female art is held.

Cinema fans are waiting for November to get acquainted with new films. No less impressive is the wine festival, which also falls in November. This month, various wines are displayed in front of the restaurants and tastings are held.

In December, Ljubljana hosts performances and performances for all tastes. The culmination of the cultural year comes during the celebration of Catholic Christmas and New Year. But the real extravaganza will happen only in February, when the carnival procession will take place on the streets. An interesting entertainment program for children and adults will be launched.

Accommodation and meals in Ljubljana

Hostel England Pub

Several dozen hotels offer their services to guests and travelers who need to relax in Ljubljana. Demanding tourists choose hotels of 4 and 5 star levels. The average voyager will be comfortable in a three-star hotel, where the cost of a room per day starts at 40 €. Often in three-star hotels there is also a small restaurant where you can eat delicious dishes of national and European cuisines.

Apartments in Ljubljana can be rented for 30-35 €, and the average price per night is 60-80 €.

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Restaurants

Potitsa

Taste seafood and fish, meat, feast on the "Potitsa" walnuts and pancakes with "butcher" walnuts - all this is a real gourmet's dream. Travelers prefer to choose a place for meals by price level:

Lunch at a mid-range restaurant will cost 30–40 € for two.
Lunch for one person in an inexpensive institution will cost 8-9 €.
Fast food will cost 5-6 €.
Local bottled beer for 0.5 costs on average 2.5 €.

July is considered the warmest month of the year. It is during this time that there are most sunny days, and the average monthly air temperature reaches 27 ° C. Pleasant warm weather is from April to the end of September, the temperature can range from +15 to + 25 ° C.

In October, frequent rains begin to rain. February is recognized as the coldest month with its average daily temperature of -3 ° C. However, at any time of the year in the heart of Slovenia it is pleasant to relax, get acquainted with the sights.

Holders of tourist cards will be able to use the wireless network for free on the first day after activation. There is Wi-Fi in every hotel, guests can use it. Some hotels offer free network services for their guests.

The country uses euros. It is best to exchange your currency at the train station in Ljubljana (Slovenia), where travelers are not charged a commission. It is unprofitable to make an exchange in banks - for such a pleasure you will have to pay 5%, in the post office - only 1%.

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"Peace, happiness, brotherhood of people -

that's what we need in this world! "

(Mark Twain)

About the country, its history and people

Slovenia is a unique European country that combines the noisy resorts of the Adriatic Sea and cozy mountain valleys, lakes Bled and Bohinj, the wooded slopes of the Alps, unique karst caves and secluded monasteries. The variability of landscapes surprises again and again. We admire the sea, and behind us are the mountains. We climb the wooded slope of the mountain, and under it there is a green plain. From the expanses of the alpine pasture, the gaze reaches the gorge created by the river waters. The proximity of contrasts and differences is a feature of Slovenia.

The territory of this small green country occupies 20,273 km². Here lives a hospitable, kind-hearted and hardworking 2-million people. Slovenia is proud of its talented athletes and rich cultural heritage.

Slovenia in the world dimension is a young state that gained independence in 1991 and its history is not as magnificent as the annals of large European peoples, but, nevertheless, it is important. Many experts are even surprised how such a small nation, without its kings or glorious governor, was able to form, survive and go on its own. Thanks to the culture and the common language preserved, this was the result of the stamina and determination of the Slovenian inhabitants, who have not for centuries been stepping back from their green piece of Europe.

Once, passing through Slovenia to Western Europe, we stopped in Domžale, a small town (12 thousand inhabitants), located 15 km north-east of Ljubljana. They immediately ran to examine what kind of area it was and how the locals lived.

We noticed that the streets are clean, tidy, and all the estates are well-groomed, they make you feel homely. I saw the same in Slovenes - hardworking, friendly and cultured people. It was love at first sight. They say about Slovenes: "They have German accuracy and a Slavic soul."

And now a little about the history of this young state. At the end of the 4th century, a battle took place on the territory of Slovenia, which caused the disintegration of the Holy Roman Empire into two parts. In the VI century, the Slavs who came from the Carpathians settled here. The ancient ancestors of the Slovenes in the 7th century founded an independent state - the Principality of Karantania, which became the oldest known Slavic state with its capital in the city of Krnski grad (Krnski grad, Karnburg) north of modern Klagenfurt, however, it did not last long and was soon influenced Frankish Empire. The Slavs were a pagan people. In the 9th century, when part of the Slovenian lands became part of Bavaria, and part part of the Frankish Empire, the Christianization of the population began. In the X century, the feudal system began to strengthen. Towards the end of the 10th century, “Briginsky (Freisingen) excerpts” were written — the first surviving written Slovenian text written in Latin. The construction of important religious centers - monasteries began in the 11th century. Several cities were also founded: Kranj and Kamnik (1228), Shkofya Loka and Piran (1274), Novo Mesto (1365) and Celje (1451), which later became centers of artisan and commercial life. In the XII and XII centuries, monastic dynasties were established, the power of the Habsburgs was strengthened, and the coastal cities belonged to the Venetian Republic. In the second half of the 15th century, all the lands of Slovenia, with the exception of coastal cities, passed into the possession of the Habsburgs. In the 18th century, during the reign of the Hapsburg Archduke Maria Theresa and her son, Emperor Joseph II, the foundation was given to enlightenment of the common people and schooling in the Slovenian language. In the first half of the 19th century, the importance of the Slovenian language was strengthened by the poet Franz Prešern, who proved with his works that the Slovenian language was “suitable” for high culture. One of the stanzas of his poem “The Toast” became the Slovenian anthem. Slovenia suffered significantly during the First World War. Slovenes on the side of the Austro-Hungarian army fought for more than three years on the fronts in the vicinity of the Socha River, the battles went down in history as the battles of Isonzo. After the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy in 1918, the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs was created for a short time, subsequently united into the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. The kingdom was ruled by the Serbian Karadjorjevic dynasty. In 1920, Koroshka (Carinthia) after the referendum went to Austria, and the Primorsky district, in accordance with the Rapallo Treaty, to Italy. In 1929, King Alexander I Karadjordjevic abrogated the constitution and proclaimed the creation of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The Second World War was especially tragic for Slovenia, since at the same time it was swept by the national liberation and civil wars. Slovenian lands were divided between Italy, Germany and Hungary. The leadership in the national liberation struggle was taken over by the Communists, who, after the defeat of the aggressor in 1945, under the leadership of Marshal Josip Broz Tito, founded the People’s and then the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Slovenia has become one of the six Yugoslav republics. Slovenia has always been the most economically developed region of Yugoslavia. Like Estonia in the USSR, Slovenia was considered the most "western" in the ideological sense of the Republic of Yugoslavia. After the death of Tito in 1980, a great economic, political and social crisis occurred in the country. After more than seventy years of being a part of Yugoslavia, the Slovenes agreed on the transition to an independent path. In a 1990 referendum, nearly 90% of those polled voted for independence. After independence was declared on June 25, 1991, a ten-day war ensued, killing dozens of lives. The last troops of the Yugoslav army left Slovenia in October 1991. In 1992, Slovenia became a full member of the United Nations, and in 2004 Slovenia joined the European Union and became an equal member of NATO.

Ljubljana - the charming capital of a small country

Ljubljana is the capital of Slovenia, located in central Slovenia, in a hollow between various mountain ranges: the Austrian Alps (Caravanke) in the north and the Slovenian (Julian) Alps in the South, on the banks of the Ljubljana River. It is believed that the territory of modern Ljubljana began to be populated as early as the 2nd millennium BC. The first records mentioning Ljubljana date back to the middle of the 12th century. In 1335-1918, the city of Ljubljana was ruled by the Habsburgs as the capital of the Duchy of Carniola, later - the kingdom of Illyria. With the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918, Ljubljana became the unofficial capital of Slovenia in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, and after the Second World War, the capital of the Yugoslav socialist republic of Slovenia. The population of the capital is 276 thousand people (2014) or 13% of the country's population. The origin of the modern name of the city remains unclear. According to the latest explanations, the root of ljub is of Slavic origin, the name of the city is derived from Ljubíja, the river Ljubljana. Over time, the original Ljubijane transformed into Ljubljana. The German name of the city of Laibach (first mentioned in the XII century) - Laibach most likely comes from Labach - the Bavarian "swamp".

Earthquakes destroyed Ljubljana several times. After the earthquake in 1511, Ljubljana was restored in the Renaissance style, and after the earthquake in 1895 severely destroyed the city, it was restored in the neoclassical and art nouveau style. During this period, Ljubljana was ruled by the Habsburgs; therefore, Austrian-German culture dominated everything, including architecture. Even the name of the city was in German fashion - Laibach (until 1918). Perhaps that is why the historical center is so similar to the classic Western European cities of Germany, Austria and even Switzerland.

The city of Ljubljana is located at an altitude of 298 m above sea level in a basin surrounded by the Karst and Alps mountains. Ljubljana is located at the intersection of important transport routes, at the crossroads from Central Europe to the Mediterranean, to the Balkans and to the Pannonian basin. This intersection is located in the so-called Ljubljana Gate, which is a 1 km wide tunnel between the Golovets mountain, the castle of Ljubljana and the Shishensky hill. Therefore, Ljubljana is a unique city because of its location between the Alps and the Adriatic Sea: the inhabitants of the city can afford skiing and swimming in the sea in one day.

Ljubljana is a rather compact and miniature city, so from any of its points it is quite easy to get to the center and back. The most famous place in Ljubljana is Ljubljana Castle, an old castle built in the X-XI centuries, located on a high hill on the right bank of the Ljubljana river. With it we begin our acquaintance with the city.

Previously, it served as a residence for local feudal lords, but now it is the most visited place by tourists. It offers a beautiful view of the city and the Kamnitsky Alps. The castle stands on a hill and can be seen from many parts of the city. The castle can be reached on foot or by funicular, stretched in 2006 to the top of Castle Hill.

On the clock tower of the castle is an observation platform,

with which unrestricted beautiful views of Ljubljana open.

The construction of the castle began in the X century, but over time it was rebuilt several times.

The fortress was originally built to protect Austria-Hungary from the Ottoman invaders. Over its long history, the fortress has been used as a weapons depot, military hospital and prison. Now in the castle itself is a virtual museum of the history of Ljubljana, where with the help of stereo glasses you can see a three-dimensional image of the history of the city. There are also numerous cafes and a restaurant, a wedding hall and more.

The pentagonal tower of the 15th century, which once housed the main entrance to the castle.

The castle chapel of St. George (or Yuri) is one of the oldest parts of the castle. By order of the emperor since 1489, the chapel was dedicated to St. George, St. Pankraty of Rome and Empress Helena. The chapel acquired its present look in 1747 and is currently pleased with fresh repairs.

The coat of arms and walls are decorated with the coats of arms of noble families who owned or controlled these lands.

We get down on the funicular. The hill is surrounded by the old part of the city with churches and squares, and along the narrow streets there are small houses with various facades. The whole Old Town is pedestrian. Next to the funicular is the building of the city puppet theater.

We leave on the Congress square. This square was named after the congress of emperors of the countries of the Holy Alliance (originally an alliance of Austria, Prussia and Russia, created to maintain peace in Europe), which takes place in Naples in 1821. Before us is the building of the Philharmonic, in which the Slovenian Philharmonic Orchestra, organized in 1701, operates. Among the honorary members are such names as Haydn, Paganini, Brahms, Beethoven.

The beautiful building of Ljubljana University, erected in 1902, dominates here.

The central part of the Ursulinsky Church of the Holy Trinity, an ancient Catholic church, enters the square. The church is very beautiful and is one of the most prominent city attractions. The construction of the Ursulinsky Church of the Holy Trinity lasted for eight years and was completed in 1726. The building was designed by the famous Italian architect Carlo Martinuzzi and is a magnificent example of the Baroque architectural style. The temple has a fancifully curved roof and an intricate facade. Inside the church, it is also very beautiful - the main decoration of the interior is the altar, created by the artist Francesco Robb from African marble. Today, the Ursuline Church of the Holy Trinity is not only recognized as a significant architectural monument, but is also one of the symbols of the Slovenian capital. In front of the church is a column dedicated to the Trinity.

Adjacent to the square is a small Zvezda park.

The shape and building of streets in the Old Town have been preserved since the Middle Ages - these are the same swirling, narrow streets with ragged facades and mysterious courtyards. If you climb the streets going up, you get to the entrance to the Ljubljana castle.

In the Old Town is the magnificent Catholic Cathedral of St. Nicholas, consecrated in the name of St. Nicholas of Myra. The cathedral is located in the very center of the Slovenian capital on Cyril and Methodius Square, not far from the Ljubljana Town Hall building and the city market. The modern building was erected in the XVIII century.

In the interior of the cathedral, frescoes on the walls and the vault, made by Giulio Quaglio in the 1720s and Matevj Langus in the 1840s, are especially distinguished. Separate elements of the interior decoration were added to the interior later, so in the XX century new doors of the main entrance were installed in the cathedral, on which plots from the history of Slovenia are placed.

The Saturday market is located on two neighboring squares between the Triple Bridge and the Dragon Bridge, almost at the very foot of Ljubljana Castle.

Along the Ljubljana’s river, the market building, built in the middle of the 20th century according to the project of Jože Plečnik, is clearly visible, there is a fish market and several bars inside. Behind this building are market squares.

We leave on the New square. It is interesting to see the Lontovzh Palace, where today the Academy of Sciences and Arts is located (on the right),

And here is the Town Square with the Town Hall. The building of the city magistrate was built at the end of the XV century in the Gothic style, but was significantly changed in 1719. The city council is still sitting here.

Next to the Town Hall is the Robb Fountain or the “Fountain of the Three Cranes Rivers” - one of the most famous Baroque monuments in Ljubljana. It was created by the Venetian sculptor and architect Francesco Robba in the 18th century. The fountain is designed on the model of the famous Roman fountains, and three statues of river gods symbolize the three rivers of the Kranj region: Sava, Ljubljanica and Krka.

Picturesque and compact, preserving the spirit and original features of all European eras, it is the capital of Slovenia. Ljubljana is a small city surrounded by greenery, mesmerizing with architectural monuments, combining western and eastern features of Europe. The deep legendary past and present are closely intertwined in the guise of a modest capital of a proud and self-sufficient nation - a visit to Ljubljana will forever leave an imprint in the memory and soul of a tourist. Immerse yourself in the atmosphere of unusual original happiness in the Balkan city, located on the picturesque shores of Ljubljana, meet dozens of stone dragons, try original desserts in an outdoor cafe, spend a vacation in the maelstrom of European life.

Geography

Ljubljana has a favorable location, which for many years has determined its importance for merchants, travelers, military campaigns. The city is located in the very center of Slovenia, in the Ljubljana Basin, fenced by natural sites. In the north you can see the Karavanke mountains, from the west the lowland is bounded by the Julian Alps, from the south the plain abuts against the swampy area of \u200b\u200bLjubljana Barya. The city is located on both banks of the Ljubljana river, from which it may have got its name. The Slovenian capital is located in the upper tributaries of the Danube. In a straight line to the Italian Trieste and the Adriatic Sea, only 65 kilometers. Within 500 kilometers are Zagreb, Vienna, Budapest, Bratislava, Belgrade, Sarajevo and many other important cities of the continent.

The time zone relative to the zero meridian is UTC +1 hour in winter and +2 hours in summer. The administrative division of Ljubljana has developed historically and has fairly clearly defined borders - there are 17 districts in the city, some of which were annexed in modern times. Management is carried out by local councils, and at the level of the entire municipality - zupan (the so-called measures) and the city assembly. All areas are located around a single conditional center, and therefore the shape of Ljubljana resembles an almost perfect circle. The area of \u200b\u200bthe city is 164 square meters. kilometers, and the entire metropolitan area - almost 300 square meters. kilometers. In this case, almost half is occupied by green spaces, parks and forest parks. The population of Ljubljana itself is slightly less than 300 thousand people, and together with the suburbs included in the agglomeration - more than 500 thousand.

Climate

Ljubljana has special weather conditions that are not similar to other European cities. The proximity of the mountains, the sea coast, as well as a large number of rivers, have led to the fact that the climate of the Slovenian capital is quite peculiar. Fogs often arise here, heavy rains, snow. In winter, all these phenomena can be simultaneously, creating the original flavor of the city. Summer in the city is warm, but not hot, as the continental climate is softened by winds from the Adriatic. The average temperature is between + 18-25 ° С. Sudden jumps in temperature are very rare. Spring and autumn are famous for heavy rains and pleasant temperature conditions - from + 4 ° С to + 15 ° С. The spring months are not so popular with tourists, as there is a high probability of floods and floods due to an increase in the water level in Ljubljana and its tributaries. Winter in the city is quite mild and comfortable - after all, Ljubljana is located in a warm climate zone. The average temperature in winter is from + 1 ° C to -7 ° C. There are sharp drops in temperature, but not often. Precipitation in the form of snow is also irregular, and the weather is famous for periodic thaws.

The best season to visit is considered to be the period from July to September, when the weather is quite stable and does not affect temperature extremes. However, in any season, Ljubljana can offer original entertainment and a solid cultural program. The proximity of the sea and mountains will diversify the trip visiting other regions of the country.

History

Many researchers attribute the first mention of the city to the legends of Jason, who traveled beyond the Golden Fleece. Hiding from the persecution, he killed the dragon in the place where Ljubljana is now located, and founded the settlement, whose symbol is still this mythical creature. Based on dry historical science, the first mention of the city was left by the ancient Romans, who founded an outpost on the banks of the river called Emona - a transit route for merchants between the Danube and the Adriatic. The remains of the ancient wall can be observed near Castle Hill. At the time of the advent of Christianity, the settlement had an impressive size and possessed all the distinctive features of a big city - baths, residential quarters, sewers, a fortress wall. After the fall of the Roman Empire, the village alternately had strongholds of the Visigoths, Huns, Lombards, Avars, Slavs - the city survived more than one invasion of the tribes from the east. During this period, the population fled to Italy and for many years the settlement was completely depopulated.

Somewhere between 1112 and 1125 the first settlement was mentioned for the first time on the banks of Ljubljana - a fort was built on a hill and the territory was included in the duchy of Carinthia. The rapid development of the settlement began, its area increased, bridges across the river and new quarters, church buildings appeared. In 1269, the city became the property of the Bohemian Crown, which is why the connection between the two countries is still being traced. Since 1335, the entire region became the patrimony of the Austrian Habsburgs and remained it until 1918. At this time, the city is called Laibach and is constantly developing as the capital of the province of Krajna. Under the rule of the Habsburgs, many historical monuments belonging to different eras and directions are being erected. The most significant are: the baroque cathedral of St. Nicholas; Casin's palace - classicism; Presidential Palace, Central Pharmacy, Slovenian Museum Building - Neo-Renaissance; Snake bridge and triple bridge - modern. During the Napoleonic Wars, Laibach was included in the formal education - the Illyrian provinces and was practically not affected by military operations. The city began to develop rapidly again and original structures appeared in it, as well as Tivoli Park - a favorite vacation spot for local residents, created based on French park art. Here, in 1821, a congress of the Holy Union took place, for many years defining the borders and structure of Europe after the defeat of Napoleon. In honor of this event, one of the squares was called Congress Square.

The industrial boom did not pass over Laybach. Industrial enterprises appeared in the city, Slovenes became the majority in the city council, and national identity began to develop rapidly. The First World War bypassed the city and did not affect its safety. Since 1918, the city became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, and then the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. During the Second World War, the city was occupied first by Italians, and then by the Third Reich, enclosing it around the perimeter with barbed wire. In memory of this event, the Road of Memoirs and Partnership was created in the city. In 1991, Ljubljana became the capital of the independent state of Slovenia, which over time became part of the European Union. Many companies and international organizations have opened headquarters in this quiet and comfortable city.

Sights of Ljubljana

Whoever was in the city of Ljubljana will forever fall in love with this quiet and comfortable city near the Alps. You can walk on it endlessly, and admire the architecture and attractions.

One of the main attractions of the city is Ljubljana Castle. The exact date of its occurrence is unknown. Back in the Early Middle Ages, there were already fortifications, but almost nothing remained of them. Only in the foundation some fragments of ancient Roman structures were preserved. And in the chronicles the castle is mentioned from the middle of the 12th century. The Ljubljana castle acquired its modern appearance only in the second half of the 16th century, and in 1848 the castle tower was completed. From it you can explore the surroundings of the whole city. At one time, the castle had a military garrison, a hospital, and a prison. In 1905, the castle passed into the municipal ownership of the city. Now festivals and celebrations are held here.
Another recognizable landmark of Ljubljana is the Triple Bridge. This amazing structure of three bridges across the Ljubljana River connects the Town Square and the Franciscan Church of the Annunciation on Prešeren Square. At first it was one, the central bridge, built in the 19th century. Its official name is the Franz Bridge, in honor of the Austrian Archduke. Among the people, he was better known as the Hospital, as he led to the hospital for the poor. In the 20th century, crossing the river had to be expanded. In order to preserve the historical memorial, the architect Jozhe Plechnik proposed to build narrow reinforced concrete bridges on the sides. Now the Triple Bridge is the hallmark of Ljubljana. It is decorated with snow-white balustrades, which makes the bridge a real decoration of the city.

St. Nicholas Cathedral in Ljubljana is the tallest building in the city. Previously, there was a church of the 13th century, but in the 18th century, the Italian architect Andrea del Pozzo proposed a baroque design of the cathedral on its foundation. Two high bell towers of the cathedral are visible from all over Ljubljana. The interior of the cathedral is striking in its splendor; it immediately feels the old Italian school. The bishop’s altar was created by the Slovenian craftsman Plečnik. The dome and doors of the cathedral are also amazing - their paintings can be viewed for hours. It is interesting that at first the dome was wooden, and only in the 19th century it was made of stone. An interesting fact - Slovenes revere Saint Nicholas as the patron saint of fishermen, and always portray him with fish.
Grubber Palace is another interesting attraction in Ljubljana. It was built in 1773-1781, and at first it housed the astronomical observatory and the Grubber School of Mechanics and Hydraulics. Grubber himself is not at all a noble nobleman, but the most educated Jesuit monk. The building was built according to his design. It is built in the Baroque style and intricately decorated. From a distance, it really resembles a palace. Inside the building is also painted with frescoes and ornaments, which is why it resembles a temple. There is a small chapel on the ground floor, and an oval spiral staircase leads to the dome. Now the National Archive of Slovenia is working here.
The Town Hall of Ljubljana is an old building in which the city authorities are now located. The building itself is already more than 500 years old, it was rebuilt several times, and its original appearance was not preserved. Today it is a beautiful building in the Baroque style. Above the portal of one of the entrances, a fresco draws attention - a map of Ljubljana from the 17th century. The building is interesting in and of itself, but in front of it is the amazing fountain of the “River of Carniolia”. The three figures depicted symbolize the three rivers that flow in Slovenia - these are Krku, Savva and Ljubljana.

Events and Festivals Ljubljana

As the capital of the state, national holidays and events of an international level are constantly held in Ljubljana. A variety of festivals are constantly held dedicated to cinema, jazz and other areas in music, theater, modern fashion and creative directions. Some events have exclusively Ljubljana roots and are held only in the city:

in February, the Dragon Carnival takes place, dedicated to the Pancake Week. Mass processions, changing clothes, fairs and festivities for children and adults;
may - Druga Godba Festival - is dedicated to alternative and ethnic music. It is one of the largest in Europe;
june / July is an international street theater festival. During the event, on all the streets of Ljubljana one can see impromptu performances;
in the summer - from June to September - there are numerous theatrical classical events in which troupes of theaters, opera performers, ballet and orchestras participate;
early July - the largest jazz festival;
from March to September - every Friday a festival of kitchen craftsmanship is held - master classes, training, demonstrations by chefs from all over Europe;
end of August - Emon Promenade - theatrical performances on the streets, in which everyone can participate;
in autumn - the world's largest biennale dedicated to graphics. Both historical samples and the works of modern masters are presented;
beginning of November - Ljubljana Wine Route - a festival of young wines, fairs and performances on the streets of the Old Town;
december - Christmas and New Year fairs, carnivals and concert events.

Restaurants and Cafes

The most original feature of catering establishments in Ljubljana is that the menu is quite familiar to a Russian person. Perhaps this is one of the few places in Europe where you can buy buckwheat porridge not only in the supermarket, but also in the cafe. Another distinguishing feature of Ljubljana cuisine is the combination of Slavic traditions and the peculiarities of Italian and Austrian culinary. Therefore, in almost all restaurants and cafes, you can try unique and original dishes from different world cuisines. But in addition to the usual world cuisine trends, Ljubljana must definitely try local dishes that fully reveal the authenticity and unusual color of Slovenia:

gobova yuha - mushroom soup served in bread;
prshut - dried pork ham;
iota - bean soup with cabbage;
burek - layer cake;
potitsa - sweet roll.

Restaurants and cafes of various price categories are located throughout Ljubljana, but there are especially a lot of them in the Old Town and near tourist sites. The spread in prices is also quite large - in the restaurant you can safely dine for 10-20 euros, and a snack in the local variation of fast food - for only 1-2 euros.

Shopping

Ljubljana is the European capital, and therefore there are shops and boutiques of almost all world brands and brands in it. They are located everywhere, but most of all are concentrated in large shopping centers or neighborhoods, where they are adjacent to various catering establishments and souvenir shops. In memory of visiting Ljubljana, you need to purchase local colorful things that you will not find anywhere else:

crafts from rock crystal, which is mined nearby;
pottery, lace accessories or clothing, wooden figures or compositions;
therapeutic mud and cosmetics based on them are one of the best natural beauty products in Europe;
piran salt and pumpkin seed oil;
Gorenka - original chocolate, the weight of the bar of which can reach 1 kilogram;
letts - figures from the dough, which should be bought just before departure, as they quickly dry out;
pear vodka "Vilyamovka".

The cost of souvenirs differs little between different points of sale. In general, the cost of goods is almost equal to that in certified stores, and on trays near tourist sites.

How to get to Ljubljana?

Direct flights of Russian and Slovenian companies fly from Moscow to Ljubljana. Travel time is a little over 3 hours. Other international airlines offer connecting flights with transfers in different European cities. The main airport of Ljubljana is located near the city, only 27 kilometers away and has good bus connections to the city itself. Air travel is considered the fastest and most convenient, as it takes little time. There is no direct railway connection with Moscow, and therefore it is rather difficult to get to Ljubljana by train. If you decide to travel in this way, you should transfer in Vienna, Milan or Budapest, and spend more than 35 hours on the trip. The main station of Ljubljana is located in the very center of the city and is a worthy monument of architecture. Bus service is quite developed and connects the Slovenian capital with many European cities. From Russia by bus you can only get with transfers. Ljubljana is located at the intersection of two major trans-European highways, and therefore by car to get to the city is quite simple. Slovenia is part of the Eurozone and one visa will be enough to cross several states and get to Ljubljana.

Transport

There is only one type of public transport in the city - the bus. A large branching of lines and routes covers all areas of the Slovenian capital, and technical equipment is one of the best in Europe. Over the years, there were a tram and a trolleybus in the city, but for economic reasons they left only a bus service, which allowed us to preserve the outlines of historical streets and neighborhoods. The city has a single card that allows you to save on travel, and sometimes even travel for free - you can buy it at special sale centers, travel agencies, hotels, on the official website.

Bike is another popular transport. Since most of the central and tourist streets are pedestrian, the bike ride will be the safest, fastest and most convenient. There are a lot of rental points in the city and the conditions are different, but the average cost of an hour of rental is about 1 euro.

Car rental is not a problem in Ljubljana. A large number of large and small companies provide their services. The only thing is that the assortment of brands and models is quite different, but in order to get the right car, it is better to book it in advance before the day of arrival. You also need to remember that in the center there is a problem with parking lots, which sometimes do not exist at all, and historical and tourist areas are completely closed for travel. Taxi is a well-developed and modern service. Only ordering a car is better by phone, as taxi drivers caught on the street overstate the fare.

Residence

Another original feature of Ljubljana is that housing is very affordable and practically does not differ in cost - whether it is a hotel or a rented apartment. There are a lot of hotels and hotels, youth and family hostels in the city - there are plenty to choose from. At the same time, the level of service and comfort in all facilities is almost the same. Hotels and hotels are located throughout Ljubljana, both in historical areas and in new business districts. The city features both the already famous international hotel chains and the authentic, characteristic only for Ljubljana, places of residence - some of them are located in ancient mansions and buildings. All Seasons Hostel, Four Points by Sheraton Ljubljana Mons, Inter Continental - Ljubljana, Art Hotel, Behind the Mosaic and many others are very popular among tourists. Affordable pricing allows tourists to easily choose a place to stay, without fear that the level of service, as well as additional services, will be at a low level. The small size of the city and its peculiar history guarantee the pleasure of living anywhere.

Communication

As it should be for the European capital, in Ljubljana a system of contactless access to the Internet is widely developed - in cafes and restaurants, shops, hotels, transport. Most of the distribution points are free and allow unlimited use of the services of the worldwide network.
Both local mobile operators and international giants are represented in the city. Roaming is quite expensive, and therefore it is better to buy a new local card for calls, or use stationary devices, which are in all establishments and are quite common on the street.

1. The best time to visit Ljubljana is considered to be the period from July to August, since it is at this time that there is almost no doge, and the air temperature is about + 25 ° C. It is also worth considering that June is considered the rainy season.

2. In order to exchange currency, you can use private exchange offices, banks or post offices. Please note that banks charge a commission of 1% of the operation, and in post offices this figure is 5%. Near the railway station there is a private exchange office, where not only one of the most favorable exchange rates in the city, but also no commission is charged.

3. State institutions and banks are open from 8:00 to 18:00 (lunch break can last up to 1.5 hours). Saturday is a shorter working day, and Sunday is a day off.

4. It is worth considering that in Ljubljana a very developed system of cashless payments. You can pay by credit card in restaurants, shopping centers, gas stations, etc. The exceptions are small budget cafes and markets.

5. In the city it is best to take walks that will allow you not to ignore interesting places and sights. If you decide to use transport, it is preferable and cheaper to travel by bus.

6. Another relevant mode of transport is a bicycle. There are a lot of bike paths in Ljubljana, and therefore this type of transport is very popular not only among tourists, but also among the local population.

Ljubljana on the map, panorama

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History

Ljubljana in the 1st century BC e. founded by the Romans. They built a powerful garrison on the left bank of the river, called it Emona. In the middle of the V century. n e. the Roman city was destroyed by the Huns. The Slavs founded the second settlement on the right bank, below the castle hill - now this area is called Old Square (Stari trg) and city square (Mestni trg). In the Middle Ages, the city center was located here. In 1511, the Old City was seriously affected by the earthquake. Restored it already in the Baroque style. After the earthquake of 1895, new buildings were built in the style of secession - Vienna's Art Nouveau.

In the 80s. XX century Ljubljana was the center of the Yugoslav underground. Punk rock bands performed here and satirical magazines were published. Today, alternative culture is developing no less vigorously - because in Ljubljana, students make up a significant part of the population.

In the area of \u200b\u200bPresherna Square

In the very center of the city is Prešeren Square (Presernov trg)that goes to Ljubljana. In the center of the square there is a bronze monument to the poet Franz Preshern (1800-1849) . The area is decorated with two secession buildings. Ljubljana’s oldest department store Centromerkur is located in the Urbank building. Second Art Nouveau Monument - Hauptmann's House (Hauptmanova hisa). On the left you will see a small bas-relief depicting Presern's lover, Julia. City residents make appointments for each other on the stairs of the pink and cream baroque Franciscan church (Franciskanska cerkev) XVII century

To the right of the church is Mikloshicheva street (Miklosiceva), where you can also see many secession-style monuments. Pay attention to the white building of Union Grand Hotel, built by Josip Vanzas (1905) , and the elegant building of a cooperative bank created by Ivan and Helena Vurnik (1922) . The bank building is decorated with magnificent geometric ornaments. Mikloshicheva street leads north to the railway and bus stations.

A magnificent snow-white three-span Triple Bridge is thrown from Prescherna Square across Ljubljana (Tromostovje). The creation of Jože Plečnik connects the city center with its ancient part. Here, guests of the city begin their acquaintance with the ingenious works of the famous architect.

Old city

The predominantly baroque Old Town originated in the Middle Ages. This is the only part of the city that survived the earthquake of 1895. To the right of the Triple Bridge is the elegant Tsankaryeva Embankment (Cankarjevo nabrezje) with many cafes. On Sundays, a flea market opens on the waterfront, where they sell all sorts of small things and antiques, including all those that remind of socialist times.

To the left of the Triple Bridge is the Central Market (Glavna trznica) - an open colonnade built by Plechnik in 1939. Upstream you will see the graceful Dragon Bridge (Zmajski most), built in the style of art nouveau. It is said that every time a virgin crosses the bridge, four dragons raise their tails. A flea market is located on the ground floor of the Central Market, and sundries are sold on the top. On the other side of the market is Vodnikova Square (Vodnikov trg)where the colorful street market works (Mon-Sat, most counters are open 7.00-14.00). It sells fruits, vegetables, cut flowers, honey, wax candles, dried herbs and clothes.

West of Vodnikova Square you will see the baroque St. Nicholas Cathedral (Stolna cerkev svetega Nikolaja) XVIII century The cathedral was built by an Italian architect, Jesuit monk Andrea Pozzo. It is located right by the river - it is not surprising that it is dedicated to St. Nicholas, the patron saint of sailors and fishermen. The modern bronze gates perpetuate the memory of the visit of Pope John Paul II to Ljubljana in 1996.

Between Vodnikova Square and Castle Hill, on Krekova Square (Krekov trg) is the Ljubljana City Tourism Council (tel: 01-306-12-15; www.visitljubljana.si). Here you can get information about cultural events and book an excursion or rent a bicycle.

Nearby is the cobblestone City Square (Mestni trg)the baroque town hall rises above (Rotovz) XVIII century Charming Baroque Fountain of Robba (Robbov vodnjak) was created by the Italian Francesco Robboy in 1751. The fountain depicts the three main Slovenian rivers: Ljubljana, Sava and Krku. From City Square you get to Old Square (Stari trg). In the elegant baroque houses of pastel colors, lively cafes, boutiques and galleries are located. From here head to Upper Square (Gornji trg).

Castle

In the left part of the Upper Square you will see a pointer to the top of the hill where Lublin Castle is located (Ljubljanski grad; open daily in the summer of 9.00-22.00, in the winter of 10.00-21.00). Many other paths lead to the castle, and from Krekova Square you can climb here by cable car. (daily every 10 minutes; opening hours are the same as at the castle, for a fee). Although the fortress on this site was from the Middle Ages, now you will see it, restored after the earthquake of 1511. For centuries, the castle housed the residence of local rulers. The fortress served as army barracks, a prison and a shelter for the poor. A restaurant made of glass and metal in the central courtyard appeared during the restoration of the castle in the 80s. XX century From June to mid-September, the castle hosts concerts of the Ljubljana Summer Festival (www.ljubljanafestival.si). But the most interesting is the climb to the observation tower of the XIX century. (in the summer of 9.00-21.00, in the winter of 10.00-18.00)with stunning views of the terracotta roofs of the city and the Julian Alps. A staircase of 150 steps leads to the site - but your efforts will be rewarded. Under the tower is a virtual museum (same opening hours, entrance fee), where in 20 minutes you can get acquainted with the history of the city.

Center

Downstream of the Triple Bridge is another creation of Plechnik - the Sapozhnikov pedestrian bridge (Cevljarski most)which will return you to the modern city center, to the realm of shops, offices and government buildings, squares and museums. To the southwest of the bridge is the French Revolution Square (Trg francoske revolucije). The name recalls the times when Ljubljana was the capital of the Napoleonic Illyrian provinces (1809-1813) . On the south side of the square you will see the building of the summer theater Krizhanka (Krizanke poletno gledalisce). The prisoner turned the former monastery of the Knights of the Cross into an open theater, where concerts of the summer festival are held today.

Just east of the summer theater is the City Museum (Mestni muzej, Gosposka 15; Tue-Sun 10.00-18.00, entrance fee, www.mgml.si). Audiovisual exhibition introduces the history of Ljubljana. The museum also has an excellent cafe.

North of Krizhanka is the National and University Library (Narodna i univerzitetna knjiznica, Turjaska; admission only to library cards). The library was built in 1941. The facade is made of rough gray stone and orange brick and massive copper doors with handles in the form of horse heads. Many consider the library to be the best creation of Shleknik. To the north is Congress Square (Kongresni trg)which in Ljubljana is called the Star. This huge green lawn was arranged for the Congress of the Holy Union in 1821. The Philharmonic Hall is located on the square (Slovenska filharmonija)built since 1892

Not so beautiful Republic Square is located east of Congress Square (Trg republike) and the colossal concrete Tsankaryev house - built in the 1970s. Cultural Center. Here you will see the 1959 parliament building. The two-tier portal is decorated with statues of Zdenko Kalina and Karl Putrikh, depicting workers.

To the west of the busy Slovenian street is a conglomerate of museums. In the National Gallery (Narodna galerija, Presernova 24; em-from 10.00-18.00, entrance fee, www.ng-slo.si) You will see the work of Slovenian and European artists from the Baroque era to the end of the XIX century. Nearby is the recently renovated Museum of Modern Art (Moderna galerija; Cankarjeva 15; em-sun 10.00-18.00, entrance fee www.mg-lj.si), where a collection of Slovenian paintings and sculptures of the 20th century is exhibited. For odd years, the museum hosts the Biennale of Graphic Arts. Nearby is the National Museum (Narodni muzej; Presernova 20; Fri-Wed 10.00-18.00, Thu 10.00-20.00, entrance fee, www.narmuz-lj.si)where archaeological finds are exhibited, including the famous bronze urn. The Museum of Natural History is also located in the same building.

Tivoli Park and its surroundings

To relax in the canopy of trees, cross the busy Tivolsk street (There is an underpass near the Museum of Modern Art), and you will find yourself in Tivoli Park - the main resting place of the inhabitants of Ljubljana. The elegant white baroque building houses the International Center for Graphic Arts (Mednarodni graficni likovni center; CP-Sun 10.00-18.00, entrance fee, www.mglc-lj.si), which houses a collection of magnificent engravings created from the beginning of the 20th century. to this day.

If you travel with children, then look at the Atlantis water park (daily 9.00-23.00, entrance fee, www.atlantis-vodnomesto.si), located 3 km northeast of the city center in the large shopping and entertainment complex BTC City.