Kremlin’s Terem Palace. Kremlin’s Terem Palace - in what century was it built? Destination of the Terem Palace

Russia is the most extraordinary and amazing country in the world. This is not a formula of official patriotism, it is a true truth. Unusual, because it is infinitely diverse. Amazing because it’s always unpredictable. The gentle and gentle spring sun drowns in a deadly snowstorm in ten minutes, and a bright triple rainbow shines after the flying black cloud. The tundra combines with desert dunes, the marshy taiga gives way to monsoon forests, and the vast plains smoothly transition into equally limitless mountain ranges. The greatest rivers of Eurasia carry their waters through Russia - in no other country in the world is there such an abundance of great flowing waters. , Ob, Irtysh, Yenisei, Amur ... And the largest lakes in the world - the salty Caspian and fresh. And the longest steppes in the world - from the banks of the Donets to the Amur Region. To match the geographic abundance - the diversity of peoples, their customs, religions, cultures. Nenets reindeer herders place their plague near comfortable high-rise buildings. Tuvans and Buryats wander with herds and yurts along federal highways. In the Kazan Kremlin, a large new mosque is adjacent to the old Orthodox Cathedral; in the city of Kyzyl, a Buddhist suburgan whitens against the background of the golden-domed church, and not far from them a breeze rubs multicolored ribbons at the entrance to the shamanic yurt ...

Russia is a country in which you will not get bored. Everything is full of surprises. A beautiful asphalt highway suddenly gives way to a broken primer, and it goes into an impassable swamp. To overcome the last 30 kilometers, it happens, it takes three times as much time as the previous ten thousand. And the most unexpected in this mysterious country are people. Those who know how to live in the most difficult, even impossible, natural conditions: in the mosquito taiga, in the waterless steppe, in the highlands and in the flooded valleys, in 50-degree heat and 60-degree frost ... Those who learn to survive, I note, by the way, under the yoke of all kinds of authorities , not one of whom was ever merciful to them ... They created a unique culture, or rather, many unique cultures, in these swamps, forests, steppes and mountains. Created the great history of the Russian powers - a story also consisting of countless great, heroic and tragic stories.

Living witnesses of the historical past, the creation of the hands of famous, and in the vast majority of cases of unknown Russians - architectural monuments. The architectural wealth of Russia is great and diverse. It shows the beauty of the Russian land, and the ingenuity of the mind of its people, and sovereign power, but most importantly - the greatness of the human spirit. Russia was built for a thousand years under the most difficult conditions imaginable. Among the harsh and scarce nature, in continuous external wars and internal struggles. All the great that was erected on Russian soil was erected by the power of faith - faith in truth, in a brighter future, in God. Therefore, in architectural monuments, with all their constructive, functional and ideological diversity, there is a common beginning - the desire from earth to sky, from darkness to light.

It is simply impossible to tell in one book about all the wonderful places in Russia - natural, historical, poetic, industrial, memorial. Twenty such books would not be enough for this. The publishers and I decided: I will write only about those places where I myself have visited, which I saw with my own eyes. Therefore, in our publication Kliuchevskaya Sopka does not smoke, the islands of the Kuril ridge do not rise from the Pacific waters, the white cover does not sparkle ... I have not been to these and many other places, I dream to visit and write about them. Many remarkable monuments of history and culture did not appear in the book. St. George's Cathedral in Yuryev-Polsky and St. Sophia Cathedral in Vologda, the Kremlin of Tula and Kolomna, the Vorobyevo estate in Kaluga and Maryino in the Kursk region, the building of the local history museum in Irkutsk and the drama theater in Samara, the Saratov Conservatory and the “Town House” in Khabarovsk ... List endlessly.

In addition, we decided not to get carried away with the story of big cities, about megalopolises (confining ourselves to a selective review of the architectural wealth of Moscow and St. Petersburg), but to give preference to Russia far away, living away from the wide mountain roads and from the noise of business and industrial centers.

Address:  Russia, Moscow, Moscow Kremlin
Start of construction:  1635 year
End of construction:  1636 year
Coordinates:  55 ° 45 "02.3" N 37 ° 36 "55.8" E

Russia is a huge country, and in every corner of it there will always be things interesting to the eyes of an inquisitive traveler. But a special place for adherents of historical excursions is occupied by the capital of the Russian Federation - Moscow.

One of the most beautiful sights of the Russian capital rightfully includes the Terem Palace, which is part of a complex of buildings known as the Moscow Kremlin. The Terem Palace was erected in the first half of the 17th century (completed in 1636)  4 authoritative architects at that time: Ogurtsov, Konstantinov, Sharutin and Ushakov.

However, the surviving parts of the old buildings were used in the construction of the Terem Palace - in particular, the royal chambers, created even for Ivan the 3rd, and the Workshop chambers of the 16th century. An open area surrounding the perimeter tower was formed due to the indentation in their superstructure on the base of the walls of the previous structure.

Architectural features of the Terem Palace

The Terem Palace gives a special charm to the method of its construction - a tiered step composition with open staircases and fancy porches. It is interesting that many of the architectural solutions that were used to create the Terem Palace were later often used for the construction of other buildings in the history of Russian architecture. For example, the well-known Upper Golden Porch with twin arches and, as it were, crowned with a tent, became the prototype of the original Russian interior.

Outside the Terem Palace there is also something to see! The facade of Teremov deserves the closest attention - what are the white-stone platbands with skillful carvings and hanging weights, or cornices, in the design of which the most beautiful multicolor tiles were used. On the tiles, images are clearly visible, including floral ornaments and elements of heraldry (different animals and birds).

The decorative carving that adorns the portals of the entrances worked perfectly. Russian architects introduced decorative pilasters into the spaces between the windows for greater beauty - however, they serve only for decoration and are not load-bearing structural elements of the Terem Palace.

Golden (Red) Porch

Four chambers of the royal chambers

The second floor of the Terem Palace is occupied by the royal chambers. There are four of them.. These are relatively small chambers, the remarkable architectural elements of which are closed arches with excavations.

Each chamber has its own name:

• Passage canopy
• Living room (smart) room
• Altar
• Bedchamber

The ancient art of making wood interiors here still makes itself felt - for example, this is how wooden choirs were created.

Passage canopy

During the construction of the choirs, a technique was often used, which is often used in Russian wooden architecture - by the method of connecting separate stands. A fanciful floral ornament adorns the arches and walls of the chambers. Once the architect Ushakov worked on the creation of the ornament, the current images were created relatively recently, in the XIX century according to the drawings proposed by T.A. Kiselev and F.G. Solntsev.

Churches and icons of the Terem Palace

The architectural ensemble of the Terem Palace included other buildings that make it one of the most important historical monuments of Russian architecture of the seventeenth century. For example, in the western part of the Terem Palace there is the Church of the Nativity of Our Lady "on the Seny". The temple was rebuilt several times. Of the notable features - almost completely preserved white stone four-pillar church.

Living room (smart) room

The construction of this church was carried out at the end of the XIV century by order of Princess Eudokia, the widow of the notorious Prince Dmitry Donskoy. This church belongs to one of the most ancient structures that are part of the Moscow Kremlin and are well preserved to this day.

There are a number of churches on the territory of the Terem Palace: Catherine’s church (built by J. Thaler in 1627), the Church of the Resurrection of the Savior and the so-called Crucifix Church built above it. The roof with a majolica and painted crosses, under which 3 churches are united - Crucifixion, Savior and Resurrection of the Word were made by the monastic old man Ippolit, the famous carver of that time. By the way, the ancient wooden crucifix installed in the chapel of the Crucifix Church is also the work of Hippolytus.

Altar room

The house church on the male half of the Terem Palace was built in 1636, when the construction of the entire complex was almost completed. The church was lit in honor of the “Miraculous Savior” (it is believed that the image of the Savior appeared on its own, without human intervention), and a little later the church began to be called in a new way - the Verkhospassky Cathedral. The same 4 architects who built the entire complex of the Terem Palace worked on the temple. The mural painting, which can be seen in the cathedral, was created 30 years later, starting in 1660. Sometimes the cathedral is called the "Savior behind the Golden Bars" and that's why. The fact is that the Verkhospassky Cathedral and the Terem Palace were decided to be separated by a lattice - not of gold, of course, but of iron. However, the gilding with which the grating is coated is applied so carefully and carefully that many people think that it is really made of gold! The crucifixion church of the Terem Palace has a very beautiful and monumental iconostasis.

Bedchamber

His icons are made on silk fabric using the applique technique. The author of the icons is the famous master of the Armory Chamber Vasily Poznansky. The Verkhospassky Cathedral also has an iconostasis, executed in the XVIII century in baroque forms. However, in the lower row of the iconostasis of the Verkhospassky Cathedral there are still more ancient icons, works of masters of the 17th century: these are “Sotnik Longin”, “Fedor Stratilat” and “Savior Not Made by Hands” with 20 hallmarks on the life of saints. The iconostasis of the Church of the Resurrection of the Slavs is made of wood and decorated with gilded carvings. And the clock that adorns the temple is a gift from the Swedish king Charles 9.

Traits of Russian wooden architecture can be traced
- not only in the longline structure, but also
- in the nature of the roof, the decision of the porch with a gable roof and in the layout of the rooms,
- reminiscent of the interior of a Russian hut, which is based on a crate (log cabin usually with 3 windows on the facade)
- White-stone window trims and portals decorated with floral patterns depicting birds and animals




The window of the royal chamber:
- decorated with a high pediment, but which depicts a coat of arms supported by small columns;
- the base of the columns are presented in the form of stone sculptural lions



Watchtower with decorative kokoshniks and an 8-sided roof
- was attached to the Terem Palace on the west side
- Even before the start of the construction of the Grand Kremlin Palace
- From the height of this tower a beautiful panorama of the city opened
- Portals with triangular pediments, framing the windows of the tower with colored glass:
--- Oriented to the cardinal points,
--- remind carved frames of the windows of the Terem Palace

Steep hipped roof
- with a patterned design of gilded metal and small flags, it successfully complements the palace ensemble

For its time, the Terem Palace was a rather tall building
- the "golden top" is at the level of the 4th floor of a modern house,
- but the Grand Kremlin Palace, in the courtyard of which TD is located, almost completely hides it from view.


Coats of arms in the Cross Chamber

Facades of the Terem Palace
- can only be seen through the windows of the Grand Kremlin or the State Kremlin palaces
- Only the facade of the Golden Chamber of the Queen and the domes of the house church are visible from the Cathedral Square
- From the Armory, however, you can see the gilded dome of the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin.




Each floor had its own purpose and its own lifestyle.
- Ground floor rooms used for home use
- There were rooms for domestic purposes, as well as
- stocks of water and candles, harvesting vegetables and pickles

On the 1st floor were the workshops of the Queen
- Here all kinds of clothes, linen and other fabrics were prepared for household items of the royal family
“Here, court embroiderers decorated their clothes with silk, gold embroidery and pearls.

3rd room on the 3rd floor of the palace - The altar, or royal office
- In the "red" corner of the room there is a royal armchair covered with velvet
- In the XVII century it was the most beautiful and most inaccessible room of the whole palace
- Only in the mornings the boyars closest to the tsar "having waited time" entered her to beat with a brow

The middle window of the room, decorated from the facade with a carved white stone platband, was called Chalobitny
- A drawer was dropped from it, where everyone could submit to the Tsar the Letter of Merit
- In common people, this box was called Long, since the petition lay for a long time here, unreadable by anyone
- From here the proverb went: "Do not put the matter aside"

Here were the chambers of the royal family during their stay in the Terem Palace
- the rest of the time the family lived in a wooden palace,
- which according to contemporaries was considered more beneficial for health

The royal chambers occupied the 2nd floor of the palace
- These were 4 wards of relatively small size,
- covered by closed arches with formwork
- Walk-through canopy, Cross Chamber, Throne and Bedchamber.
- In the layout of the chambers, as well as in the overall composition of the architectural volumes,
- still makes itself felt the impact of wooden architecture, in particular,
- wooden chorus, built on the principle of connecting individual stands
- The walls and vaults of the chambers at the end of construction were painted with floral ornaments
- Then, under Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, the painting was renewed by S. Ushakov.

Current painting
- made in 1836 according to drawings by F.G. Solntseva and T.A. Kiseleva

On the 2nd floor was the king’s private bath
- Water was supplied here using a pump from a water tower
- A spiral staircase led from the bath to the royal bedroom
- The rooms located on this floor were often rebuilt and their purpose, respectively, changed
- In the XIX century. Here the archive was located, in which the most important government papers were stored

On the 3rd floor were the king’s private chambers:
- large "rooms with three windows" overlooking the Moscow River
- The suite of rooms on this floor ended with the Bedroom and the Chapel.

In the bedroom
- there was a gilded carved bed with a luxurious canopy,
- embroidered gold on a red background with numerous inscriptions

In the chapel
- 2 carved iconostases were installed,
- plated with gold,
- with icons of the XVII-XVIII centuries

Utility rooms and a narrow corridor were located in the north wing
- According to legend, there were marches of the most beautiful girls,
- among which the king had to choose a bride.
- He had to go down the corridor three times and
- to give a towel to a happy darling

4th floor, or mezzanine, sometimes called the golden top
- because the roof was covered with gold and silver sheets and painted with different colors
- In the spacious, well-lit room of the golden top, attention is drawn to the mural,
- made in the middle of the last century in the so-called "Russian" style.

3 gully galleries surrounded the palace in tiers:
- Lower Boyarska area, or Bed porch
- It was located at the level of overlapping Alevizov sub-basement,
- where now stands the Vladimir Hall of the Grand Kremlin Palace.




From this level, an open staircase led to the Front Stone Courtyard
- built on top of the aligned arches of the Workshops,
- on which 3 floors of the Terem Palace were actually built on.

The exit to the middle tier was later closed by the Golden Bars
- representing a unique example of blacksmithing.

On the eastern side of the Terem was the Front Golden Porch
- on which they went up to the 2nd floor to the king’s living quarters

The last tier of the lined chambers - the golden-domed Teremok
- located in the center of the building,
- surrounds the 3rd platform - Upper stone courtyard.

The extraordinary picturesqueness and elegance of the new palace is created not only due to the complex space-planning solution of the building, but also due to the rich decorative design of its facades.

Profiled pilasters between windows, carved and majolica cornices, complex white-stone frames of openings with hanging weights and triangular pediments, tiled carvings, tiles and carvings in the widths of the parapets of gulbysh, gilded roofs - all this harmoniously matches with the polychrome painted walls, white and Terem restoration in 1966-1969 In general, the palace gives the impression of a precious piece of jewelry.

From the Verkhne Spasskaya site, the Upper Golden Porch led to the second floor of the palace, crowned with a tent and served as the main entrance to the royal chambers. With located in front of the arched basement T.D. An open staircase rose to the Verkhnyaya Spasskaya site (Lower Golden Porch), which was locked at the Verkhnyaya Passa site with a gilded copper grating (which is why the church is sometimes called the Church of the Savior behind the Golden Grate).

Boyarskaya area and the Church of the Savior behind the gold bars in the Moscow Kremlin. 1838. E. Gilbertson.

In the western part of T.D. the Church of the Nativity of the Mother of God is located "on the Seny", notable for the fact that in its basement the four-pillared white-stone church of the late 14th century was preserved. - The oldest of the surviving Kremlin buildings.

Simultaneously with the traditional methods of decorative decoration - widths, ornamental wickerwork, polychrome, tiles, carved gilded crest on the ridge of the roof, architects T. D. used the classic order forms. At this time, the Order of Stone Affairs paid great attention to familiarizing Russian architects with Western European construction experience.

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From multi-colored glasses, tiled stoves and painted walls, Teremov is a distant, fabulous antiquity. Furniture - in the style of the XVII century. Benches and chairs are upholstered in Venetian velvet. Once cabinets and suppliers were filled with gold and silver utensils, which are now stored in the Armory. In the golden and silver cages were songbirds.

When painting the Terem Palace, they did not spare gold. According to the annals, even the roofs and gutters were painted and gilded, and the doorways were decorated with painted and gilded carvings.

The interior of the chambers T.D. it was very picturesque: a bright ornamental painting with heraldic signs interwoven into it covered the surfaces of walls, arches, formwork and even window sills; biblical stories in a symbolic form illustrated the monarchical idea. In the painting T.D. (with its resumption in the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich) took part Simon Ushakov. The painting was not preserved.

The architectural ensemble of the Terem Palace also includes the Golden Tsaritsyna Chamber of the 16th century and house churches (the Resurrection of the Savior, the Savior, the chapel of the Crucifixion, etc.), which in 1682 were brought under one roof and placed on it 11 chapters on tiled necks. The construction work was supervised by the architect Osip Startsev, drawings for majolica and crosses were made by a carver - an old man Ippolit.

All restoration work was carried out on the basis of the architectural support of N.G. Mukhina (Mosproject-2, workshop No. 13) and according to the recommendations of the technologist TsNRPM M.P. Ievleva.

The original interior decoration of the chambers, with the exception of individual fragments, was not preserved and was performed again under the guidance of the artist F.G. Solntseva in the style of the seventeenth century. These works were carried out in 1836-1837. during the restoration of the ancient monument, which was later included, during the construction of the Grand Kremlin Palace in the new complex of palace buildings.

Alekseev F.Ya. View in the Kremlin of the Terem Palace and the Church of the Savior on Bor. 1800s

Fedor Yakovlevich Alekseev. Boyar site in the Moscow Kremlin (1801)

Boyar site in the Moscow Kremlin. (until 1838)

Terem Palace in the Moscow Kremlin. 1635 - 1636. South facade. Engraving of the 1870s

Located on a high Kremlin hill, the TD building
- was facing the main facade to the south, to the Moscow River
- Crowned by the gilt roof of the attic
- surrounded by open huts with tented porches
- TD dominated the Kremlin chambers and mansion and
- was an integral part of the entire Kremlin palace ensemble

Currently TD
- as part of the Grand Kremlin Palace
- is the residence of the President of the Russian Federation
________________________________________ _____________________
Some photos.

The 17th century Terem Palace stood on the site of the northern part of the palace built by Aleviz Fryazin. The architectural creation of the Italian architect was destroyed almost to the foundation - only the lower tier with the workshop chambers remained. On this foundation, 3 floors were built on: 2 residential (office premises, the tsarina’s and royal children’s chambers, the tsar’s chambers in the upper one) and a golden-domed tower where the Boyar Duma met. It so happened that at the base of the five-tiered tower of the XVII century there is a building of the XVI century.

In the south side of the palace, next to the Boyarskaya area (a terrace on the undeveloped arches of the basement of the tower), the front porch with the Golden Stairs overlooked Verkhospasskaya area. In the basement of the Terem Palace, treasures of the Royal Great Treasury were stored. And in 1812, Napoleon's retinue stood in a tower, and then the palace servants lived.

The queens had their own Golden Tsaritsyna chamber. She received the name from the gold painting. In the Tsaritsina’s Chamber, the Tsaritsa received congratulations on church and family holidays. Wedding ceremonies, commemoration of the departed queens, receptions of distinguished guests were also held here.
And the famous Golden Porch from a children's room On the Golden Porch sat the king, prince, king, prince, shoemaker, tailor ... located here. It got its name because of the luxurious finish: it is not only painted, but also richly gilded.

On the eastern side of the Terem Palace is a group of house temples. The earliest of them is the church of Catherine. This house church of the queens and princesses was built by John Thaler in 1627 on the site of a burnt wooden temple.

And the house church of the kings of the Savior Not Made by Hands (later called the Verkhospassky Cathedral) was built at the same time as the Terem Palace by the same masters. Later, the architect Osip Startsev leveled the top of all the churches under a single roof and put on it 11 small chapters on thin elegant drums. The chapters were placed so that 3 combined five-domes were obtained.

In residential chambers, only small fragments of murals by Simon Ushakov were preserved. But in the churches icons-applications from precious fabrics survived (only the faces and hands of the saints are painted with oil paints).

This piece is the oldest. It was here, according to archaeologists, that the wooden estate of Yuri Dolgoruky was located and, perhaps, the very first church in Russia - the Church of the Nativity of John the Baptist "under the pine forest."

The place for the temple was not chosen by chance. During the restoration of the church in 1847, the remains of a pagan altar with bones of pets were found under the floor. Thanks to this find, we learned that there was a pagan temple in this place.

In the XIV century, when Metropolitan Peter moved to Moscow, his court was next to this church. The church was rebuilt many times, and then dismantled, as it closed the view of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior.

Now the Terem Palace is part of the Residence of the President of the Russian Federation and is closed to the public.

They say that...  ... in the building of the Terem Palace, the window of the sovereign’s office stands out with the emblem on the pediment in two columns, based on the sculptures of the lying lions. In the old days, a box for complaints and requests was lowered from it into the courtyard. Thus, they allegedly fell to the king. But there were a lot of petitions, and not everyone was censored, so the clerks took out abusive letters. The requests remained unanswered for a long time, and the people called this box “long”.

Terem Palace in photographs of different years:

By the efforts of architects of the 17th century, Moscow and Russia were transformed ... mamlas   wrote in May 19th, 2016

More about

The rise of Russian architecture
Architects and Masters of Pre-Petrine Rus / Creators / 2007 Article

To this day, Moscow and some other ancient Russian cities and monasteries have preserved the outlandish buildings of the 17th century, in which Russian art was not too much affected by foreign influence. In that distant pre-Petrine age, the rise of Russian architecture became especially noticeable. Also in "Creators"

The newly-made Izmailovsky Kremlin, built in the style of “pre-Petrine” Moscow

At first, after the devastating Time of Troubles, it was only a matter of reconstructing the destroyed and dilapidated buildings of the Kremlin. Some of them were repaired already in 1613, on the day of the wedding to the kingdom of Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov. Then new big work began - in 1625, to set the clock over the Frolovskaya (now the Spasskaya Kremlin Tower), a three-tier top was built under the “watch” of the stone works of the apprentice Bazhen Ogurtsov and his comrades Stepan Osipovich Karaulov and Grigory Zagryazhsky. In the design and construction of the tent and watch took part in the "English land of watch and water platoon master" Christopher Galovei.

The Terem Palace in the Kremlin

On the leveled arches of the middle part of the Workshops, three floors of the Terem Palace were erected.

Simultaneously with the construction of the Terem Palace in 1635 over the Small Golden Chamber, at the level of the Front Stone Courtyard, the same masters erected the Church of the Savior Not Made by Hands (later Verkhospassky Cathedral), with the chapel of John Belgorod (now John the Baptist). Shortly after this, Antip Konstantinov builds a unique temple of Hodegetria Smolenskaya in the Vyazemsky John the Baptist Monastery, which had three stone completion tents located in one row.

"The eighth wonder of the world"

The palace of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich in the village of Kolomenskoye, near Moscow, became an exemplary building of the 17th century, made of traditional wooden structures. It was built in 1667-1678 by an artel under the supervision of the headman Semyon Petrov and carpenter-hunting archer Ivan Mikhailov in the form of several towers connected by intricate transitions. Unfortunately, the palace itself was not preserved - having stood for about 100 years, it was dilapidated and was dismantled in 1768, but its images in engravings and enthusiastic descriptions of contemporaries were preserved.

Palace of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich in the village of Kolomenskoye near Moscow

In addition to the Kremlin, another famous Moscow tower, built in 1693–1694 by Osip Dmitrievich Startsev and Larion Kovalev, came to us. Teremok is located in Krutitsky Compound and is a real gem of architecture. Krutitsky compound has been known since the end of the 13th century; it was located on the high bank of the Moskva River, on Krutitsy. Buildings that have survived to our time appeared at the beginning of the seventeenth century.

The main Holy Gates with the famous gate Teremk have been best preserved. Its front side was completely covered with tiles. The gates decorated with the Teremk led into the garden of the metropolitan, who was called paradise.

The main builder of the Krutitsky Teremk should be noted specifically.

Osip Startsev developed special techniques of stone decor. "Cocks", set by him on the fence of the courtyard of the boyar I.M. Yazykov on Bolshaya Nikitskaya, subsequently widely used by many Russian architects.

Another big thing follows another - in 1685, Osip Startsev completed the construction of the Refectory in the Simonov Monastery, begun in 1677 by apprentice Parfen Potapov.

Other works of Startsev are also known: in 1676 he directed the tiling of the Treasury yard. Since 1681, he was engaged in the restructuring of tower churches and the construction of the Verkhospassky Cathedral, the dismantling of the cooks of the Fodder, Bread, Hearty Courts, and the reconstruction of the Order of the Grand Palace. In the 1690s, he rebuilt the chambers of the Ambassadorial and Little Russian orders.

Another famous architect Averky Mokeev builds the Patriarchal Chambers in the Moscow Kremlin (1643-1655), a number of buildings of the Valdai Monastery (1650s) and, finally, the Resurrection Cathedral of the New Jerusalem Monastery (1656-1685) on the Istra River near Moscow - the largest building in the church architecture of that era. Another Moscow master Ivan Belozer helped him to realize the grandiose plan of Patriarch Nikon. The architects were given the difficult task of creating a monastery on Russian soil, the main cathedral of which would be reproduced in terms of the Temple of the Resurrection of the Lord in Jerusalem. In the course of the work, Mokeev and Belozer used the exact model and drawings of the main Christian shrine and successfully completed the honorable and complex patriarchal order.

The temples erected by Pavel Sidorovich Potekhin are very interesting: the Trinity Church in the village of Ostankino near Moscow (1678-1693), the Church of St. Nicholas in Khamovniki (1679), the Church of St. Kozma and Damian in Gardeners (1657-1662. ) In the Makaryev-Zheltovodsky Monastery, Potekhin is building the Holy Gates and the Gate Church of St. Michael the Archangel. In his famous artel, 93 craftsmen worked, among whom were not only masons, but also carvers in stone and wood, and carpenters, and blacksmiths, and even icon painters and goldsmiths. All of them were professionals of the highest class, but each of them could, if necessary, replace each other.

Moscow baroque

At the end of the 17th century, noticeable changes took place in Russian architecture, as a result of which a new trend was established in architecture, known as "Moscow (or" Naryshkin ") baroque." The Church of the Intercession at Fili (1693-1694), considered to be the classic example of the construction of this style, was created by order of Uncle Tsar Peter I Lev Kirillovich Naryshkin, presumably by Yakov Grigorievich Bukhvostov. Not inferior to her in beauty and the Church of the Savior Not Made by Hands (1693-1697) in Ubory, Moscow Region, whose builder was undoubtedly the same Yakov Bukhvostov. The temple was built by him "like bells", that is, the upper tier of the high temple served simultaneously as a belfry.

Church of the Intercession at Fili

The church was distinguished by its height and harmony. However, during its existence, it was rebuilt, and its original decorative decoration, characteristic of the Russian baroque of the late XVII century, was not preserved.

It has long been noted that the temples of Bukhvostov were not rebuilt - their shape was so perfect.

Some of this beauty has survived to this day. Will it survive, will it not be lost for a strange appearance with new high-rises scraping the sky? ..