Manor student student story. Park Red Presnya. Running ball in the park. Vintage engraving
The old noble estate Studenets is located on the left bank of the Moskva River, in the Presnensky district of the capital, in the territory of the Krasnaya Presnya recreation park. The official address of the estate: Mantulinskaya street, possession 5.
Manor Studenets, founded on the old Zvenigorod road, near the tract "Three Mountains", belongs to one of the earliest Moscow estates and is a unique garden and park complex of Petrovsky time.
Its history originates in the 14th century. It is believed that the name "Studenets" was born from an icy spring, a stream flowing through this area and subsequently filling its beautiful waters with amazingly beautiful artificial canals and ponds of the park. In the 14th century, the village of Vyapryazhkovo on Studenets, which was the progenitor of a modern estate, belonged to Serpukhov prince Vladimir Andreevich Khrabrom, the hero of the Battle of Kulikovo, cousin of Dmitry Donskoy and grandson of Ivan Kalita. After the death of the prince, his widow, Princess Elena Olgedovna, in 1431 transferred the possession to Metropolitan Photius. The same, in turn, transferred it to the Novinsky Vvedensky monastery founded in 1430. Here, on Studenets creek, patriarchal ponds were arranged. The monastery owned the land until the first quarter of the 17th century, after which it gradually began to become the specific property of the Russian tsars and princes and was used for the needs of the palace economy.
At the end of the 17th century, the lands of the village of Vyapryazhkovo were granted by Peter I to his closest associate, Prince Matvey Petrovich Gagarin, who built his own country courtyard on them.
Gagarins - one of the oldest Russian noble families, which is a branch of the princely family of Starodubsky, the founder of which was Prince Ivan - the youngest son of Vsevolod the Big Nest. The descendant of Prince Ivan in the seventh generation, Prince Mikhail Ivanovich Golibesovsky-Starodubsky, received the worldly nickname “Loon”, which later passed to his ancestors in the form of a transformed family name. Four branches of the Gagarin princes went from Mikhail Ivanovich Gagara, one of which belonged to the owner of Studenets, Prince Matvey Petrovich Gagarin, the most colorful character of the Petrine era.
Portrait of Prince Matvey Gagarin. Painter Salvator Tonchi.
Peter's time is a bright page of Russian history, the era of changes and discoveries, the formation of new ideas about aesthetics in art. The fascination of Peter I with Europe is widely known. In the years 1697-1698, the young king made a long journey through Holland, the most advanced country of that time, the world's first bourgeois republic and the main sea power, where he observed the Dutch way of life, studied ship craftsmanship, worked at the shipyard as a simple carpenter, examined factories, workshops, laboratories, visited theaters, museums, met with engineers, scientists and artists. The king paid attention to park ensembles, he visited all the famous gardens of the Netherlands, and his travel notes were full of descriptions of European parks.
In Holland, by order of Peter, specialists from various fields of activity were hired to work in Russia, including gardeners. Upon his return to his homeland, the Tsar sent Russians abroad to study crafts and sciences, in particular, gardening and landscape art. Books were bought abroad on landscaping of parks, botany, small-scale architecture, albums with illustrations and plans of the best palace and park ensembles were purchased, which Peter personally examined and studied during his trip with the aim of further applying the acquired knowledge in practice. The great transformer sought to develop in Russia the gardening of exquisite tastes and introduce the latest techniques of decorative art. According to historians, Peter possessed a strong aesthetic sense and was gifted with an extraordinary sense of beauty. Attracting European masters to work in Russia, he invariably chose the best and most gifted. Peter's favorite garden master was Dutchman Jan Roosen (Rosen), whom he invited in 1712 to create the conceived and designed Tsar of the Summer Garden in St. Petersburg. With the founder of the Moscow hospital, the Dutch doctor Nikolas (Nikolai Lambertovich) Bidloo, who set up a garden "near his house" on Yauz on the land allotted by the tsar, Peter personally corresponded, leading, advising, advising how to dig canals, ponds, throw over bridges and to lay alleys to create a real "Dutch garden".
Throughout the XVII century, the "canal garden" of Frederick Hendrick, created in 1621, was considered a classic prototype of Dutch gardens. A small garden is developed on a flat area, has two main axial alleys intersecting at right angles and dividing it into four parts. Rectangular parterres are accented by sheared avenues, water channels are emphasized geometric. The owner’s house closes the main compositional axis of the park. It was these gardens - with a strict linear composition, a simple and clear rectangular layout, a system of small decorative ponds - that Peter admired in Holland during his travels and subsequently sought to create ensembles in their homeland in their image and likeness.
Matvey Petrovich Gagarin, the owner of the Studenets estate on the Moscow River, belonged to the closest circle of Peter I. One of the Tsar’s favorites, he accompanied him on European trips, and upon returning from them he actively participated in all his affairs and undertakings. In his youth, he served as a steward at the Moscow Court, later he was governor in Irkutsk and Nerchinsk, for some time he was ambassador to China. According to contemporaries, Peter respected Gagarin for many excellent qualities.
After the victory of Russia over Sweden and the accession of new territories, the issue of the connection of the country's internal regions with the Baltic and the new capital under construction became relevant. To solve it, Peter planned to turn the river channels through channels into convenient transport arteries. The first such waterway connecting central Russia with St. Petersburg was the Tvertsky Canal in Vyshny Volochyok. In 1703, M.P. was appointed head of its construction. Gagarin (therefore, the channel has long been called Gagarin). During the implementation of the canal construction project, Gagarin proved to be a capable engineer, who, with the assistance of the Dutch masters involved in the work, was able to skillfully use the hydrotechnical potential of the area. In 1708, immediately after the completion of the construction of the Tvertsky Canal, Peter established a governor post in Moscow, appointing M.P. Gagarin and entrusting him with the first thing to strengthen the old walls of the Kremlin and Kitai Gorod with new bastions.
Probably, it was during this period that M.P. Gagarin, who became the Moscow governor, arranges Studenets in his estate "channel garden" in the Dutch manner. After all, his royal patron is sincerely passionate about Holland, dreams of creating Russian Amsterdam. Focusing on the tastes of Peter and wanting, probably, a pleasure to impress him, Gagarin hurries to equip the Dutch garden in Studenza. It is possible that the creation of the park ensemble was timed to a very definite event: at the end of 1709, at the behest of Peter the Great, a grand eight-day celebration was scheduled in Moscow on the occasion of the victory of the Russian troops near Poltava, Prince Gagarin was charged with organizing the festival. Naturally, the new governor dreamed of giving Peter a magnificent reception in his newly built estate.
During the construction of the manor complex M.P. Gagarin came up with experience working on the construction of the Tvertsky Canal, the technical knowledge and skills of Dutch specialists and the strength of Russian builders engaged in excavation work turned out to be in place.
The flat nature of the land, the abundance of water: the Moscow River, the ponds of the former patriarchal estate, streams and springs that existed since ancient times - these natural conditions created an amazing resemblance to the landscapes of Holland and provided an opportunity for the successful implementation of the planned garden project. All natural factors were taken into account and used to create a large-scale and picturesque hydropark, consisting of a whole labyrinth of water channels and islands between them, unfortunately, only partially preserved to this day. For Russian estate culture of the XVII-XVIII centuries, it was considered traditional to place palace and park complexes on the banks of rivers or near ponds in order to maximize the use of all the advantages of such an arrangement and the development of the district's water resources for utilitarian and decorative purposes. Studenza Park Ensemble is created in the spirit of these traditions - with an active and free role of water in its landscape. But the main difference that distinguishes Studenets from a number of manor ensembles of other eras that preceded or followed Peter's one is the amazing strict simplicity, clarity of layout and the vastness of the water surface in the composition. In the project implemented by Gagarin, two elements were effectively combined - water and air. The dryness of the lines of the ensemble’s regular composition is gently diluted with an airy perspective, in which distant plans disappear, and water and greenery create a picturesque, eye-pleasing picture.
Although the canals of the eastern part of the park disappeared at the end of the 19th century, using the elements of the park’s water system that have survived to this day, you can recreate the original student’s layout. This is a measured regular "Dutch" garden with straight lines of canals, vast water surfaces and clear axial alleys of low cut trees. However, in the western part of the park several very old oaks, over 300 years old, have been preserved. As you know, Peter I loved the big old trees and when forming new park ensembles ordered them to be preserved. The presence of 300-year-old oaks in Studenza, apparently, speaks of the desire of the creator of the garden and in this to follow the wishes of the king. Perhaps other tree species were present here, because in addition to oaks, Peter also loved linden, elm, larch, hornbeam, beech, chestnut, and several thousand seedlings of these species were brought from Russia to the Netherlands. The Dutch garden was traditionally decorated with fancy gazebos and galleries, trellis for climbing plants, grottoes, and sculpture. Flowers were also actively used: gardens were replete with flower beds, mainly from "odorous" flowers.
The fate of the creator of the estate Studenets, a comrade-in-arms of Peter the Great, Matvey Petrovich Gagarin, was tragically formed. Luck often pampered him, accompanied him on the path of career growth, until once turned away from him and left forever. The sovereign praised the merits and business qualities of Gagarin in the construction of the hydrotechnical complex on Tvertsa and the Moscow governorate, therefore, after the establishment in 1708, the governorate appointed him governor of Siberia.
During his leadership of this region, Gagarin did a lot for him: he built a stone Kremlin in Tobolsk, decorated the Siberian capital with numerous stone buildings, made rich contributions to the Tobolsk Sophia-Uspensky Cathedral and other churches, donated funds to the distressed prisoners of Swedes in Siberia, strengthened Russian relations with China. Initially, Prince Gagarin followed the instructions of the sovereign, but later he began to autonomously manage a rich and vast land, not denying himself personally luxury and pleasures, the fame of which had reached the capital. At dinner, the prince was served about 50 different dishes on silver and gold dishes; Gagarin's horseshoes were silver, the carriage's wheels were also shackled in silver; in Moscow on Tverskaya Street, the prince built for himself stunning chambers of charm, in which the walls were mirrored and the ceilings were glass aquariums with live fish; among the riches belonging to him was the most precious of all the rubies known at that time, brought to him from China (later he was presented to Prince Menshikov, and passed from him to Catherine I). It seems that the prince was less and less thinking about the benefits of the state and more and more about his own. There is also an opinion that Gagarin not only abused the financial expenditures of state funds, but also intended to separate Siberia from Russia and create a separate state under his control.
The ill-wishers did not fail to inform the tsar about Gagarin’s actions, and Peter sharply changed his attitude to that. The governor, who was officially fined, was put on trial for financial fraud, but many called the rebellion he intended to be the true cause of the disgrace. The commission of the "Big Detective", having conducted the investigation and examined the case, accused Gagarin of embezzlement. Trying to save himself, he wrote a letter to Peter, pleading guilty and asking for pardon. But the tsar did not forgive the excess of power given to him in Siberia and, apparently, wanting to put an end to bureaucratic embezzlement once and for all, he ordered the prince to be executed publicly. In 1721, the former Siberian governor was hanged in Petersburg as a warning to contemporaries and descendants. And his body as a sign of intimidation of corrupt officials for many months remained hanging on the gallows for all to see. Simultaneously with the execution of the prince, all his property was confiscated, the confiscated estates were granted to Pashkov, Bruce, Devier, Mamonov, and the Moscow and suburban courtyards were transferred to Olsufyev. The closest relatives of the executed prince were also punished. His son, Alexei Gagarin, was demoted to sailors.
During the reign of Anna Ioannovna Studenets was returned to the grandson of M.P. Gagarin - Matvey Alekseevich, who again equipped the estate. In the reign of Elizabeth I, the “Gagarin's dacha” was a popular place for festivities, where various entertainments were arranged: performances by magicians, tightrope walkers, numerous musicians and singers, launching fireworks, illumination, etc.
Despite the upheavals in the fate of the owners of the Studenets estate, during the 18th century the initial appearance of the “water” regular park created there did not change significantly. Several plans of the estate of the second half of the 18th century have been preserved in archival materials. At that time, it was listed in the documents by the Gagarin country house, and in unofficial sources it was referred to as the “Gagarin Ponds”. The plans of 1763, 1767, 1778 show that a stream flows along the western border of the park, feeding the western half of the canal. In the western corner of the estate there is a small regular garden. The eastern part of the canals is connected to a pond dug below a spring water well. The written sources also mention “the master’s house is wooden, in which there are dug ponds with islands” and “Hay mowing is good. Forest drill ".
A fragment of the village Studenets, possession of Mr. Matvey Alekseevich Gagarin. 1763. A copy of the drawing RGADA.
In the second half of the 18th century, noble walks held at the "Gagarin Ponds" were widely known in Moscow and enjoyed success with the honorable public. The Moscow Gazette, dated June 27, 1754, reports: “This week on Tuesday ... there were so many people at the cottage on the Three Mountains that they rarely remember in the past ... Finally, to the famous Prince Gagarin’s house there for many carriages in proximity to drive up, and it was hardly possible to go across the ponds behind the narrowness. Moreover, in the local imperial capital there is noble and rich, beautiful and magnificent, everything could be seen here. ” The same publication, a year later, informed readers that on June 24, "... a great gathering of people was on the Three Mountains, where this festival usually takes place, and especially on the glorious ponds of Prince Gagarin that are in the vicinity of this place."
In 1804, Studenets changed ownership - Count Fedor Andreevich Tolstoy, senator, privy councilor, landowner, bibliophile, member of the Society of lovers of Russian literature, collector of manuscripts and ancient books became its new owner. In 1818, the cottage in Studenets passed as a dowry to his daughter, Agrafena Fedorovna, at her marriage to Arseny Andreyevich Zakrevsky, the Minister of the Interior, and later the Governor General of Moscow. The new owners Zakrevsky for a long time live in the country, relax, drink three-mountain water, swim in boats, fish and enjoy the views of the beautiful garden.
Portrait of Count A.A. Zakrevsky. Unknown artist. 1810s
Portrait of Countess A.F. Zakrevskaya. Unknown artist. 1810s
A.A. Zakrevsky participated in the Patriotic War of 1812, and when the estate was devastated during the war, he decided to give it a special memorial character and turn the park into a kind of monument to the recent war. By his order, a new wooden house with wings is being built (not preserved to this day). The park is decorated with monuments, pavilions, grottoes dedicated to the war and its heroes: MB Barclay de Tolly, N.M. Kamensky, P.M. Volkonsky, A.P. Ermolov and others. The main symbol of patriotism in the renovated manor complex is the Studenets key, because it was here that the Russian soldiers communed before the battle with the enemy in the autumn of 1812. The octagon pavilion Octagon is being built over the Holy Spring.
The Zakrevsky family in the renovated estate was visited by many famous people. It is known that once Studenets was visited by General A.P. Ermolov, to whom the owners solemnly demonstrated the monument erected in his honor. Perhaps, he was visiting D.V. Davydov - the famous poet and partisan of the war of 1812, - in any case, he often visited another estate Zakrevsky - in Ivanovsky near Podolsky.
The wife of A.A. Zakrevsky Agrafena Fedorovna Zakrevskaya, who had been fondly called "Grushenka Tolstaya" since the times of girls, was known in the world as a beautiful, brilliantly educated and well-educated, independent woman with a lively and sharp mind. She was the object of admiration for many. She dedicated poetry to E.A. Baratynsky admired P.A. Vyazemsky, before her marriage, was carried away by A.S. Pushkin. The latter in his letters to A.I. Vyazemsky called her "copper Venus." She often inspired him, was the muse of his work. A.F. Zakrevskaya appears in one of the chapters of “Eugene Onegin” as “the brilliant Nina Voronsky”, “Cleopatra of the Neva”. And after his marriage, the poet did not cease to admire Zakrevskaya’s beauty, intelligence and manners, recreating her image in poetry and prose. In the unfinished novels “Egyptian Nights,” “Guests Arrived at the Cottage,” “We Spent the Evening at the Cottage,” Pushkin again and again turns to the story about Cleopatra, in whose heroine the very same prototype was clearly visible - the “soul of society” and the mistress of the Studenetsk estate . Whether the great poet visited Studenza is not exactly known. But he had a close acquaintance with A.A. Zakrevsky, repeatedly turned to him, was familiar and supported communication with many members of the family, so he could well visit the student's dacha in the late 1820s, when he lived for a long time in Moscow.
The first half of the 19th century was the period of the new bright heyday of the Studenets estate. Many art historians attribute the merit of creating a new main house and other buildings in the park to the famous architect Domenico Gilardi (although some call the authors V.P. Stasov and A.G. Grigoriev). The drawings of buildings are close in their execution technique to the manner of Gilardi, and some strongly resemble others of his buildings, however, accurate evidence of the work of D.I. Gilardi on the project of the updated Student is not at the moment. Two monuments of that era have survived to our time - the Octagon pavilion and the Monument Column in the park, which was restored in the 1960s, which had previously been completed in the form of a winged figure with a sword. During the reconstruction of the Zakrevsky estate, a landscape layout appeared in the park between the columns with picturesque paths and paths among asymmetrically placed monuments and pavilions; the channels were cleaned and filled with clean running water; the islands are connected by wooden walkways. Previously traced in the construction and design of the park complex, the Dutch motifs of the Petrine era were replaced by Italian ones. Contemporaries enthusiastically called the Zakrevsky dacha “absolute Venice with Gardens”. In general, A.A. Zakrevsky did not seek to change the foundations laid down in the composition of the park during construction at the beginning of the 18th century, the park retained the features of the original image, but under Zakrevsky its design was updated, and the idea of \u200b\u200bthis update acquired a memorial character, introducing additional semantic meaning to the individual architectural elements of the ensemble and making The park is a kind of monument to the heroes of the war of 1812.
Master plan of the estate Studenets. 1830s - 1840s Copy of the drawing RGADA. Plan of Moscow Schubert.
The main manor building with outbuildings. RGIA. 1830s
Main manor house with outbuildings.
Octagon Pavilion. RGIA. 1830s
Pavilion in the garden. RGIA.
Garden furniture in the garden. Monument on the grave of a horse A.A. Zakrevsky, the so-called "The tomb of the horse Zakrevsky."
The Studenets manor in the 19th century enjoyed no less interest among the public than when it was in the ownership of the Gagarin. On holidays, the Zakrevsky dacha was open for visits, various events were held on its territory, and performances were given. For example, on August 19, 1828, a balloon was launched in Studenets, but which “the aeronaut Mrs. Ilyinskaya fearlessly climbed quite high under a huge balloon on a fragile boat, lit several rockets at her zenith and landed very happily in the meadow near the dacha. There were a lot of curious people. ”
Studenets. General view of the estate. Painting by an unknown artist. 1820s
Studenets. View in the park. Painting by an unknown artist. 1820s
Around 1834, after A.A. Zakrevsky’s resignation from the post of Minister of Internal Affairs, Pavel Nikolaevich Demidov, the richest nobleman, owner of the Ural iron foundries, a well-known philanthropist and philanthropist, acquires Studenets for 400 thousand rubles. The new owner, however, did not use the estate for personal purposes, and as his next act of charity, of which he was very famous, presented it to the state at the beginning of 1834 to establish any public institution, adding another 15 thousand rubles for repairs to the present main house. The wife of Emperor Nicholas I, Alexander Fedorovna, assigned Studenets to charitable institutions of the Office of Empress Maria Fyodorovna, and in 1835 allowed the Society of Gardening Lovers to open a gardening school "in order to train experienced gardeners" in the estate.
Portrait of Pavel Nikolaevich Demidov. Artist P.P. Vedenetsky.
The gardening school has established extensive flower nurseries and greenhouses in the estate, in which plants for sale were grown. Studenets' standard roses of more fathom height were very famous, dahlia collections were repeatedly awarded first prizes at exhibitions. On the islands of the park, seedlings of various species of trees and shrubs were grown. In the greenhouses, grapes and peaches were successfully ripened, in the garden there were 60 varieties of pears and 15 plums. Pupils of the school studied the theoretical and practical foundations of gardening, were engaged in the acclimatization of plants.
During the placement of the gardening school in Studenza, visitors also constantly gathered at the estate. In the summer, every Sunday, festivities, music evenings, performances, dinners were organized here, boating and boat rides through the garden's canals, fireworks and other spectacular shows were organized.
Studenets was still famous for its springs and keys. Student water, in which there were no organic impurities, was highly valued in Moscow: it was used for the preparation of artificial mineral waters, taken to the imperial court when it was in the throne, and in the houses of nobles and wealthy merchants, "used" in production at nearby Trekhgorny brewery.
In the new period, the estate continued to undergo reconstruction, in it there were some restructures that were not global in nature. Art critic E.I. Kirichenko provides information on the participation in the construction work in Studenets in the second half of the 19th century by architect M.D. Bykovsky. In the archives of TsIAM there are interesting plans for the northern part of the park dating from 1908, which show a very peculiar landscape structure and layout of a small garden in the Art Nouveau style, and the assortment list of the garden is rich in various ornamental plants.
Manor Studenets on the topographic plan of Moscow in 1838.
Manor Studenets on the Khotevsky plan of Moscow in 1852.
Manor Studenets on the plan of the capital city of Moscow in 1878.
The School of Horticulture Departments of the Empress Maria Feodorovna Institutions lasted in Studenza until the 1917 revolution. After the estate was nationalized, and in troubled times the park complex had a hard time. The cultural heritage of tsarism seriously suffered in the framework of the ideological struggle of the new Soviet system with traditional orders. The channel park, which turned out to be in the center of the district of revolutionary workers, was no exception. Riots, misuse and mismanagement did not affect his appearance and condition in the best way. In 1931, the park was transferred to the jurisdiction of the Trekhgornaya manufactory, and in 1932 it was decided to create a Krasnaya Presnya recreation and culture park on its basis. It would seem that this could save the park from destruction. But the desire of the new government to change everything in its own way exceeded the limits of the reasonable. Transformations began: part of the ponds fell asleep, the banks of the canals were dressed in concrete, which adversely affected the state of the waters, many old picturesque bridges were destroyed, building new ones that were not distinguished by sophistication and harmony of style, most of the monuments in memory of the heroes of the war of 1812 disappeared forever. Of the memorial objects of the park, only the Tuscan column on the island has survived to the present day, although the winged figure that adorned it was lost. The old manor house was actually destroyed in the first half of the 20th century; by the 60s, only the foundation and one outbuilding remained from it. Beautiful empire gates, which made out the entrance to the park, were dismantled. In 1955, on the site of the demolished buildings of the gardening school, the building of the Krasnaya Presnya cinema was built.
Manor Studenets on the plan of Moscow in 1952.
The preserved Octagon water-pumping pavilion was moved 22 meters to the side in 1975 due to the construction of high-rise buildings of the World Trade Center and lost its original meaning in filling out the Holy Spring spring key, and the key itself was removed into an underground collector overlooking the Moscow River. On the territory of the former estate were also erected some farm buildings, sports facilities, breaking into the park and violating its original structure and layout.
Movement of the Octagon pavilion. Copy of the drawing E.M. Handel. 1975 year.
Nowadays, the old suburban cottage continues its life in an urban environment, being almost in the very center of a noisy metropolis. In 1960, the central part of the park (about 18 hectares) was declared a monument of history and culture of federal significance and taken under state protection. True, in 2011 the status of the security facility was reduced to regional significance. Since the 1990s, attempts have been made to partially restore the estate complex.
Gate Pylon Recovery Project. Mosproject-2, Workshop-13. 1993 year.
According to archival photographs of the 1930s in 1998, restorers N.F. Zhurina and A.S. The Queen re-created the entrance gates of the park. The memorial traditions of the estate were supported by the Afghan warriors who planted an avenue of horse chestnut in the park. The choice of tree species was not accidental: it is known that horse chestnut grew in Studenets before, it was A.A. himself who planted it on one of the islands between the canals Zakrevsky on the third anniversary of the birth of his daughter Lydia (in 1829). Since 2010, work began on the restoration of the main manor house with outbuildings. In the near future they should be completed, and Muscovites, I want to believe, will finally have the opportunity to see the recreated historical appearance of the magnificent manor in the past.
The restoration project of the main manor house with outbuildings in the Studenets estate. Front view. 2006-2008 years.
The restoration project of the main manor house with outbuildings in the Studenets estate. Isometric view. 2006-2008 years.
The restoration project of the main manor house with outbuildings in the Studenets estate. Additional views. 2006-2008 years.
Summing up and looking back at the historical past of the Studenets estate, it is worth noting that Peter I’s enthusiasm for the example of progressive Holland and his active work in promoting the ideas he noted abroad in landscape gardening laid such strong foundations and traditions in this field that in the future Russia gave world culture truly magnificent examples of park landscapes that can compete with their European prototypes. And the “canal garden” M.P. Gagarin in the Studenets estate is one of their earliest such samples and completely unique to Moscow and Russia.
Octagon Pavilion. Photo by Evgeny Chesnokov / yamoskva.com
Tuscan column. Photo by Evgeny Chesnokov / yamoskva.com
On Mantulinskaya Street, all residents of Presnya and other parts of Moscow know the picturesque park Krasnaya Presnya, a resting place for many generations of Muscovites. At the same time, this place is a historical monument, there was a unique park ensemble, designed by the master of Moscow late classicism, Domenico Gilardi, the Studenets estate. It can be put on a par with the famous Moscow estates of the XVIII-XIX centuries.
The historical name Studenets probably refers to the stream of the same name, which allowed the estate owners to create a system of ponds and canals supported by the icy waters of the stream. In turn, the rural inhabitants of Presnya, living near the estate, for many centuries used the water of Studenets for domestic purposes.
According to another version, the name refers to the 17th century, when the owners of this estate near Moscow dug a deep well with clean, icy water, which only wealthy people of old Moscow and its outskirts could allow.
The founder of the Studenets estate is considered to be Prince Vladimir the Brave, a cousin of the Russian heroic prince Dmitry Ivanovich Donskoy, one of the main participants in the famous Battle of Kulikovo in 1380. Then there was the village of Vyapryazhovo, the source of income for the first owners. Then the estate became the property of the princes Gagarin, and at the turn of the XVII-XVIII centuries a chic palace was built here, where the famous statesman of the Petrine era Matvey Petrovich Gagarin, the Nerchinsk governor, the head of the Siberian order and the Armory, the commandant of Moscow, the first head of the Siberian province lived.
For numerous malpractices, embezzlement and extortion, he was convicted and hanged in 1721, all of his property was confiscated in favor of the state. However, a decade later, Empress Anna Ioannovna returned the estate to his heirs. It was at this time that a modern Dutch garden was laid out here and a system of ponds and canals was created, which for a long time was called Gagarin Ponds. Even then, Studenets was known for festivities and a gathering place for the high-society audience from all over Moscow.
In 1804, Count Fedor Andreevich Tolstoy, the largest bibliophile and member of the Society of lovers of Russian literature, became the new owner of the estate. After the Patriotic War of 1812, the estate passed to Tolstoy's son-in-law, the Minister of the Interior, the future Moscow Governor-General, Adjutant General Count Arseniy Andreevich Zakrevsky. This statesman participated in military campaigns against Napoleonic France in 1805-1807, in particular, the famous Battle of Austerlitz, the Russian-Swedish war of 1808-1809, which ended with Finland joining Russia, the Turkish War of 1810-1811, the Patriotic War of 1812 and foreign campaigns of the Russian army of 1813-1814. In his time, the estate reached its peak as part of the process of rebuilding Moscow after the destructive invasion of Napoleon. In the 1820s, a small wooden palace and several park pavilions were built here, of which only one remained - the Octagon.
In his estate, Zakrevsky decided to capture the memory of military campaigns and comrades with whom he had spent all his military years. A memorial column dedicated to 1812 was erected on one of the islands on the ponds. The white stone column of the Tuscan order ("Tuscan column") stood on a massive cubic pedestal. Once she was crowned with a statue of Glory, on the side faces were carved images of swords entwined with ribbons, and not carved wreaths on the column pedestal.
On other mound-shaped quadrangular islands, Zakrevsky ordered the erection of monuments to the heroes of World War II and other battles in which he himself was a participant and under whose command he served. So there were monuments to the commander of the 3rd Western Army S.M. Kamensky, commander of the 1st Western Army MB Barclay de Tolly, Chief of General Staff P.M. Volkonsky, General A.P. Ermolov. According to historical evidence, Ermolov visited the estate and saw a monument in his honor. Russian writer and journalist M.I. Pylyaev in his book “Old Moscow” (1891) wrote: “Each of these islands was dedicated to the memory of one of the heroes ... On each, in the middle of the trees there was either a temple or a monument to the named commanders.”
At the same time, bridges were thrown over ponds and canals with a clear coastal structure.
The architect Gilardi also planned the irrigation system and fisheries, which brought income to the owner. However, most likely after the resignation in 1831 Zakrevsky sold the estate to one of the richest people of that time Pavel Nikolaevich Demidov, known for his charity work, in particular the opening of the first children's hospital. In 1834, he donated to the state the Studenets estate. The wife of Emperor Nicholas I, Alexander Fedorovna, ranked her to charitable institutions and allowed her to open a gardening school to train experienced gardeners - pets of the Orphanage. In the summer, pupils of the Catherine Institute of Noble Maidens had a rest in the estate. So the estate existed peacefully before the tragic events of the 1917 revolution and the fall of the autocracy.
In the Soviet years, the cultural heritage of tsarism was seriously damaged as part of the ideological struggle with the entire traditional order. Studenets, who was in the legendary region of revolutionary workers, was no exception.
In 1931 it was transferred to the Trekhgornaya manufactory, and then it becomes the Krasnopresnensky park of culture and rest. Some of the canals were filled up, and monuments to military heroes disappeared by the middle of the 20th century. According to some, they were blown up in October 1941, according to others - they were destroyed as a result of German bombing. The memorial column, later restored, also suffered. Killed in the first half of the XX century and the main house of the estate, although in the 60s there was still a foundation and one outbuilding. The empire manor gates, restored according to old sketches in the 1990s, were also dismantled.
In 1973, the Octagon Pavilion was moved to a new location with the expansion of Mantulinsky Street. At the same time, the holy key that had beated under the pavilion disappeared, from which, according to historical legend, the soldiers of the Moscow militia took communion in 1812.
However, the Moscow authorities began the restoration of the front door and it is believed that modern Muscovites and residents of Presnya will be able to at least to some extent restore the historical memory, distorted during social experiments of one tragic period of our history.
Studenets estate is solid, for income
St. George Church in the village of Studenets, 2010
Manor Studenets is not impressive with a magnificent manor house or its ruins. In the past, it was an effective landowner economy, organized clearly in German, with modest neat brick buildings. The last owners of the estate were a family of Russian Germans in the Jordan. However, the surnames of the previous landowners - the princes Dolgorukovs, Prozorovsky and Vyazemsky are more famous.
The village of Studenets is located 17 km from Venev. In 1916, it was one of the large villages of the Venevsky district with a population of 750 people. In the collection "Parishes and Churches of the Tula Diocese" of 1895 it was reported: "From the scribal books of the XVI table. It is clear that the parish already existed at that time, but there is no news of its beginning even in oral traditions. The name Studenets was probably given to the village from a multitude of springs with icy water in this area, that is, cold water. " Studenets is mentioned in the scribe book of the Verkoshevsky camp of the Tula district in 1628-1639. In the same document, the Church of St. George the Victorious is listed. In the XVIII century. the village entered the Venevsky district and was a volost center. In 1809, at the expense of Prince Nikolai Sergeyevich Dolgorukov, a wooden St. George Church was erected, two floors on a stone foundation. In the years 1871-1894. next to it, at the expense of the parishioners, a stone St. George Church was built, in which there were two limits of St. Nicholas and in the name of Paraskeva Friday. The building of the new church was surrounded by a stone fence, and a chapel was built on the site of the old church in 1890. The chapel was destroyed in the 1960s. by decision of the local collective farm. Since 1879, the parish of the village of Glebkovo was attributed to the student church.
The main church building has been preserved, although it is in poor condition. Next to the church, behind the remains of the alley, is a stone building of a former manor house. Two brick farm buildings have survived. One of them, very close to the main house, is a former two-story barn. In the direction of the church, another building with a large solid basement was preserved, this is the former "glacier". Locals recalled that before the revolution, the main house was decorated with columns and stucco molding. During the Soviet period, a rural school was located in the estate building. Now the former manor house is not used.
The main house and barn of the estate in the village of Studenets, 2010
It is amazing why this estate still lies on the side of tourist routes, because it was owned by representatives of the most famous surnames of Russia. In 1792, the estate Studenets was acquired by Prince Dmitry Alexandrovich Prozorovsky from Prince Nikolai Sergeyevich Dolgorukov. Prozorovsky (1759-1814) for some time served as the Moscow police chief, in 1799-1801. was the leader of the Tula provincial nobility. He was married to Princess Anna Ivanovna Volkonskaya. In 1810, Studenets, along with the villages of Sasovo and Sonshino, was acquired by Colonel Nikolai Semenovich Vyazemsky (1768-1833). It is interesting that the Vyazemskys considered the purchase of the famous Arkhangelskoye estate from the Golitsyns. But they considered that Arkhangelsk would require large expenses and settled on Studenets, because were looking for a property "more solid, for income." And Archangelsk was eventually acquired by Prince Yusupov. The wife of Nikolai Semenovich Vyazemsky was Alexandra Petrovna (1766-1823), nee Rimskaya-Korsakova. In 1825 the manor house was still wooden, but already on two floors, with it there was a garden with fruit trees. After 1833, the estate was inherited by the eldest son Andrei Nikolaevich Vyazemsky (1802-1856).
He began his service in 1820 as a cadet in the 1st Training Carabiner Regiment. In 1831 he participated in the capture of Warsaw, for which he was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir of the 4th degree. Among other awards in 1838 received the highest favor for the donation of materials "to arrange for the Vladimir infantry regiment exercy house and training apartments." In 1848 he was promoted to major general. Prince Andrey was "tall, well-built, well-built, very handsome with his face."
He had a younger brother, Alexander, who joined the Decembrists, and participated in the uprising on Senate Square in 1825. For this, his father deprived him of his inheritance. True, he was not a major conspirator, so Emperor Nicholas I only transferred him, with the rank retained, to a less prestigious regiment and forbade him to come to the capital for several years. Andrei Nikolaevich, after the death of his father, contrary to his will, gave Alexander half of the Ryazan estates.
In 1834, Prince Andrei Nikolaevich married Natalya Alexandrovna Morshanskaya (+1876), according to her first marriage. “The husband of this young beauty was a very rich man, and at the same time a great player who led a very distracted life, loved to spoil his beautiful wife, but he must have looked poorly at her and, winning cards, lost his wife: he liked Prince Andrey "and he told her, and trouble came about for an unrighteous husband. Prince Andrei must have been a master to look after, and, worrying about Gurieva, turned her head." The prince paid up to 40 thousand rubles for a divorce. banknotes to her first husband. According to the recollections of Aunt Andrei Nikolaevich - Yankova Elizaveta Petrovna: “Princess Natalia was a very prominent and stately woman, beautiful herself; she was about thirty, and Prince Andrei several years old, both in age and appearance with her second husband, they were a wonderful couple and although the marriage was legal, and still, as you don’t say, on both sides such marriage was a great lawlessness. ... She was especially courteous with everyone: she always said to lackeys, and maids, her own and a stranger " You ", which, at that time, seemed ridiculous and strange, too much But in all her kindness and with her good character, she did not know how to make Prince Vyazemsky happy, for there was a reel, a hunter to dress and finish hired apartments, which introduced her husband into debt and upset his condition. A sweet and pleasant woman, but not a mistress at all, but a perfect idiot. " They had a daughter, Lydia, but they did not live together for long.
"The wife of Prince Vyazemsky left her husband and daughter and ran away with someone to St. Petersburg. The girl grew up without a mother and can be said without any supervision. Since she was beautiful, she was taken by the rider Birnbaum, and then the son of the Tula governor Daragan. Then finally the mother she remembered that she had a daughter and wrote her to her home in Petersburg, and there she found a decent husband, Jordan: an officer of the Austrian regiment, who was ranked as a guard, and this regiment was called the young guard. Her father gave her Studenets for her daughter’s young jordan arrived to the village".
The main house of the estate in the village of Studenets, 2010
In 1857, the estate was transferred to Lydia Andreevna Iordan (b. 1840), daughter of Prince Andrei Nikolaevich Vyazemsky. The husband of Lydia Andreyevna was the German Nikolai Pavlovich Jordan (1832-1902).
“Jordan was a wonderful man, but he didn’t like to jump to the show. He loved his children very much and gave them the best education and upbringing he could. He married his daughters, he set his sons on a good road, in the service. He himself he served honestly and impeccably, and was very engaged in his field farming, so that his land was put in order under his control and the estate doubled its value. All the outbuildings were clean and not ruined; and in the end, he built a house, comfortable, roomy and durable; but besides this, he had large meadows, which Jordan handed over to the peasants at a high price, and in addition, for the percentage of this price, they removed a few dozens of something in his favor. " N.P. Rzhevskaya also recalls that Lidia Andreevna was the mistress of her father, Pyotr Semenovich Rzhevsky, whose estate was in the neighboring village of Milshino.
Guard Lieutenant N.P. Jordan held a number of posts in the county Zemstvo: in 1876-1890 - non-applicable member of the county presence on peasant affairs, 1876-1892 - vowel of the Venevsky district Zemsky assembly, 1890 - member from Zemstvo in the district military service, 1890-1892 - Zemsky chief 2 of the Venevsky district.
Barn of the estate in the village of Studenets, 2010
Nikolai Pavlovich led the so-called property management, i.e. he was engaged in the cultivation of his land with an area of \u200b\u200b300 acres, about 100 acres he leased to peasants for 450 rubles. in year. According to the inventory of 1896, we see that the Jordan had everything necessary for effective farming. In addition to the two-story stone manor house with an outbuilding, the estate also had eleven brick outbuildings, including a two-story barn that has survived to this day. In addition, Jordan owned a tavern in the village, which he handed over for 250 rubles. in year. Of the cattle he had 35 heads of cattle, 30 horses, 40 sheep, 5 pigs, and many poultry. The farm used machines: a thresher with four horse-drawn drives, a horse-drawn fan, a sorting fan, a seeder. In total, the estate was estimated at 62 thousand rubles. In 1891, another source of income was mentioned: "in the village of Studenets of the Venevsky district, there is a large apple orchard of 1000 trees, owner Nikolai Pavlovich Jordan, renting out for 500 rubles."
In 1896, Nikolai Pavlovich issued a loan in the Noble Land Bank for 5750 rubles., which, apparently, sent for the acquisition of a neighboring estate in the village of Glebkovo in 1898. Thus, he increased the size of his arable land by another 290 acres. Glebkovo was only half a mile from Studenets, but the farm there was completely ruined. The last owner Likhacheva used the estate as a summer residence, and leased the land.
The Jordanians received a new loan from the Noble Land Bank secured by land in Glebkovo for 18 thousand rubles for a term of 66 and a half years. The area surrounding Studenets was densely populated, peasants were engaged in agriculture, latrine fishing was not developed. Therefore, traditionally, the demand for land rental was high. The Jordanians continued to lease land in Glebkovo, income quite allowed to service the loan. Until 1917, loan installments were regularly paid.
In 1903, the estate was inherited by the wife of Alexander's eldest son, Antonina Nikolaevna Jordan. According to the recollections of descendants, a majorate was installed in the family, i.e. all the property was inherited by the eldest son. Alexander Nikolaevich in 1905-1914 worked as the Zemsky chief of the 4th section of the Venevsky district. In 1910, he was a vowel of the County Zemsky Assembly and a member of the Land Survey Commission. Their son, Yuri Alexandrovich Jordan (1898-1937), after 1917, joined the Bolshevik party. He worked in various senior positions in Omsk and Tomsk. In the mid-1930s, he was appointed director of the Ural-Siberian Planning Institute. In 1937, Yuri Alexandrovich was arrested and soon shot. His wife Lidia Yevlampievna (b.1900) was also arrested, and the children were sent to different orphanages. Daughter Allu (b.1927) in Ivanovo, her fate is not known. Tamara (1930-1986) was sent to Sverdlovsk. After the war, Lidia Yevlampievna lived in a settlement in Syktyvkar and worked as a laboratory assistant in a prison hospital. Tamara Yurievna Jordan stole her documents in the orphanage and fled to her mother. After graduating from the Leningrad Pavlov Medical Institute, she worked as a prison doctor in Kostroma. Today, her daughter Nina (born 1963) lives in Italy, and her granddaughter in Britain.
Nikolai Pavlovich Jordan had a younger son and daughter. Son Vladimir Nikolaevich in 1915-1916 served as secretary of the "Provincial Military Service Presence" in Tula. Daughter Maria Nikolaevna (b.1859) in 1875 married the first guild of Venevsky merchant son Viktor Efimovich Mahotin (1853-1896), in 1878 their son Mikhail was born. He graduated from the Tula Forestry College in Forestry and Land Reclamation. In 1898 he entered the service in Silver-Prud's patrimony (Venevsky district) of Count S.D. Sheremetev for the position of arborist. After 1917 he worked as a forester, today his descendants live in Moscow and the Moscow Region.
All descendants of the Jordan have different surnames. In recent years, they have become interested in the history of their ancestors. The fact of their origin through the Vyazemsky princes from the Rurikovich clan made a special impression.
2017
9. The history of the cavalry guards and Her Majesty's cavalry guards regiment from 1724 to July 1, 1851. - SPb., 1851. - S. LXXI-LXXII, CXXIV
The reporting of the First Tula television channel about Studenets estate, July 2018
The old manor Studenets is a unique park ensemble of the XIX century. It is located within Moscow, and was designed by D.I. Gilardi. The estate is located in the Presnensky district, on the banks of the Moscow River. It is located in the Krasnaya Presnya park.
The estate covers a total of 18.3 hectares. Arriving here, you can see the local attraction - the Octagon Garden Pavilion and just walk along the canals and ponds.
The manor got its name in honor of the Studenets stream flowing here. It was they who laid the foundation for the amazingly beautiful artificial canals and ponds. Centuries ago, locals used clean spring water to cook food on it.
The founder of the estate is considered Prince Vladimir the Brave, a cousin of D. Donskoy, who became famous during the Battle of Kulikovo. Then there was the village of Vyapryazhovo, the proceeds from which went to the owners of the aristocratic estate. Later, the old estate passed to the richest princes Gagarin, and at the beginning of the XVIII century a palace was built here, in which governor Gagarin lived. Later, the governor was executed, and the estate passed under state administration. But Empress A. Ioannovna returned the estate to the heirs of Gagarin. At that time, a Dutch garden was set up on the territory here, and a unique system of canals and ponds was laid, which Moscow residents used to call Gagarin Ponds.
In 1804, this estate again changed its owner, and Count Tolstoy became its owner at that time. But then only A. Zakrevsky - the son-in-law of Tolstoy, who inherited the estate after the events of 1812, could give it a unique look. Equipping the estate as a country cottage after World War II, after Moscow and the adjacent estates near Moscow suffered, he ordered a new house to be built here.
A. Zakrevsky turned the old park into a monument to the war of 1812. He ordered the construction of a unique system of artificial ponds and canals filled with clear water from a spring. As a result, we got rectangular islands outlined on all sides by canals. At the same time, each of them got its own name - each was named after the Russian military commanders, under whose command Arseny fought.
In the center of the islands, bronze busts of military leaders were installed. In addition, the Octagon pavilion was built over a spring of white stone. Bridges, which are made in the Empire style, were thrown over canals and ponds. The irrigation system was designed by D.I. Gilardi, he also planned fisheries, which were part of the income of the owner of the estate.
In Soviet times, the estate was nationalized, and the Gardening Society was founded on its territory. A professional school was opened here, and new trees of different species were planted in the park. Fortunately, the estate was not built up with unpretentious buildings, since in 1930 the Moscow authorities decided to make the Krasnaya Presnya park here. Currently, Muscovites on its territory celebrate various holidays - New Year, Shrovetide, City Day, etc. They also come here on weekends. But it should be noted that most of the cultural monuments that were located here in the 19th century were lost.
Some of the unique canals were filled up, many bridges were demolished, but new bridges were built here, although they do not differ in a special delicacy. During the Soviet period, the busts of the warlords of the war of 1812 disappeared.
The manor house was almost destroyed, its restoration began in 2010, but instead of a masterpiece of architecture, a modern building was built, almost not reminiscent of the former beauty of the palace.
Nowadays, Krasnaya Presnya Park is based on linden and poplar alleys, between which in the 19th century a cascade of 3 ponds was created. And between the trees you will see the remains of a summer theater that worked in Soviet times.
You can get acquainted with local attractions by signing up for an excursion, but at the same time, those who wish can come here themselves. The estate is located in Moscow, on Mantulinskaya Street 5. You can get here from the metro station "Ulitsa 1905 goda", "Krasnopresnenskaya" or "Vystavochnaya".
We continue to tell you about the disappearing estates of the Venevsky district of the Tula region: little-known to most Russians, but surprisingly beautiful! This material is dedicated to the Studenets estate. Once there was a prosperous estate with an impeccably organized economy. Alas, now only the Church of St. George the Victorious, the remains of the main house, the ruins of outbuildings and overgrown ponds have survived from their former order and beautification in ruined form.
Neither competent authorities can save the estate and the temple from inglorious death - due to a lack of budget, neither the descendants of the last owners of the estate, nor philanthropists, of whom, unfortunately, have not existed in the estate over the past hundred years.
Meanwhile, the student’s story contains many amazing facts. What famous noble families owned it at different times? What connects Studenets with the famous property of the Yusupovs in Arkhangelsk, Moscow Region? The economic and household skills of which owner of this estate were admired by many of the neighboring landowners? What did the estate look like before the revolution? And what in the future can expect her these days?
About this and much more - in the material about the Tula estate Studenets!
2. The temple looks beautiful if you call from the side of the orchard.
3. After driving 157 km from Moscow along the M4 “Don” highway, we turn right at the sign “Studenets 7 km”. In the old part of the village rises the dome of the St. George Church, next to which it is easy to find fragments of the buildings of the former estate, preserved from pre-revolutionary times.
6. Studenets manor is not impressive with a magnificent manor house or its ruins. In the past, it was an effective landowner economy, organized clearly in German, with modest neat brick buildings.
9. The last owners of the estate were a family of Russian Germans in the Jordan. However, the surnames of the previous landowners - the princes Dolgorukovs, Prozorovsky and Vyazemsky are more famous.
10. Inside the temple.
12. The village is mentioned from the end of the XVI century. “The name Studenets village was probably given from the many springs with Studena in this area, i.e. cold water. " In 1916, the village population was 750 people. Stone St. George Church was erected in 1871-1894. at the expense of parishioners.
16. The main church building has been preserved, although it is in poor condition. Next to the church, behind the remains of the alley, is a stone building of a former manor house. Two brick farm buildings have survived. One of them, very close to the main house, is a former two-story barn. In the direction of the church, another building with a large solid basement was preserved, this is the former "glacier". Locals recalled that before the revolution, the main house was decorated with columns and stucco molding.
19. In 1810, Studenets, along with the villages of Sasovo and Sonshino, was acquired by Colonel Nikolai Semenovich Vyazemsky. It is interesting that the Vyazemskys considered the purchase of the famous Arkhangelskoye estate from the Golitsyns. But they considered that Arkhangelsk would require large expenses and settled on Studenets, because were looking for a property "more solid, for income." And Archangelsk was eventually acquired by Prince Yusupov.
20. The horse yard.
21. The student was inherited by the eldest son Andrei Nikolaevich Vyazemsky. Prince Andrey was "tall, well-built, well-built, very handsome with his face." In 1831, he participated in the capture of Warsaw, for which he was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir of the 4th degree. In 1848 he was promoted to major general. In 1834, Prince Andrei Nikolayevich married Natalya Alexandrovna Morshanskaya, according to her first marriage. The prince paid up to 40 thousand rubles for a divorce. banknotes to her first husband. They had a daughter, Lydia, but they did not live together for long.
22. The ruins of the glacier.
Natalya Alexandrovna Vyazemskaya.
23. "The wife of Prince Vyazemsky left her husband and daughter and ran away with someone to St. Petersburg. The girl grew up without a mother and can be said without any supervision. Since she was beautiful, she was used by the rider Birnbaum, and then the son of the Tula governor Daragan. Then finally, the mother remembered that she had a daughter and wrote her to her home in Petersburg and there she found a decent husband, Jordan: an officer of the Austrian regiment. Father gave her Studenets to her dowry and the young Jordan came to the village. " The husband of Lydia Andreevna was the German Nikolai Pavlovich Jordan.
Andrei Nikolaevich Vyazemsky.
25. “Jordan was a wonderful man, but he did not like to jump out to the show. He loved his children very much, and gave them the best education and upbringing he could. He married his daughters, he put his sons on a good road, in the service. He himself served honestly and impeccably, and was very engaged in his field economy, so that his land was put in order under his management and the estate doubled its value. All the outbuildings were clean and not ruined; and in the end, he built a house comfortable, roomy and durable. ”
26. Horse yard and the main house from above.
27. Nikolai Pavlovich led the so-called property management, i.e. he was engaged in the cultivation of his land with an area of \u200b\u200b300 acres, about 100 acres he leased to peasants for 450 rubles. in year. In addition to the two-story stone manor house with an outbuilding, the estate also had eleven brick outbuildings, including a two-story barn that has survived to this day.
28. Military graffiti.
Nikolai Pavlovich Jordan 1863, from the collection of D.A. Mahela
29. In addition, Jordan owned a tavern in the village, which he handed over for 250 rubles. Of the cattle he had 35 heads of cattle, 30 horses, 40 sheep, 5 pigs, and many poultry. The farm used machines: a thresher with four horse-drawn drives, a horse-drawn fan, a sorting fan, a seeder. In total, the estate was estimated at 62 thousand rubles. An apple orchard of 1000 trees, Nikolai Pavlovich leased for 500 rubles. in year".
31. During the Soviet period, a rural school was located in the estate building. Now the former manor house is not used. The descendants of the Jordan live in Russia, Italy and the UK. But the assets for the revival of the estate do not yet have.
35. It seems to me that the fate of this estate is under serious threat. Its relative obscurity in the pleiad of Tula estates is likely to contribute to the fact that the funds allocated to support cultural heritage will reach the Jordan estate almost last. Meanwhile, old buildings are dilapidated and destroyed.
36. It is especially painful to observe the current state of the most beautiful church in honor of St. George the Victorious. Indeed, it is his restoration under the guidance of an active abbot that can give the only chance to save the estate. In the best case scenario, the temple will become the spiritual center of the village, its territory will be well-groomed, a Sunday school may open in old buildings, and the park will turn into a resting place for tourists and parishioners. I want to believe that one day everything will be so!
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