Where is the summer palace of Peter 1. Russian art of the Peter the Great era. Opening hours and ticket prices
Until 1703, here, near the Neva and Fontanka, there was the estate of the Swedish officer Konau. Immediately after the founding of St. Petersburg, the summer residence of Peter I was located on this site, which began to be called the Summer Garden.
According to the historian K.V. Malinovsky, the Konau house was moved closer to the Neva for its reconstruction into summer residence king From the autumn of 1706 to the spring of 1707, this was done by the draftsman of the artillery order, Ivan Matveevich Ugryumov. The death of Ugryumov in 1707 slowed down the work, which is confirmed by Kikin’s report to Peter I in February 1708: “ Mansions are now being built in Your Majesty's house, which have been ordered to be moved, and will be ready next month"[Quoted from: 3, p. 39]. On March 12, Kikin again wrote to the king: " In your house there are mansions that have been moved in a week, although not all, but the cook and others will be ready" [Quoted from: 3, pp. 39, 40].
By that time, a small Havanese had already been dug near the Summer House of Peter I. It is known that in 1706 Ugryumov was deepening it. Thus, the water surrounded the building on three sides and approached the porch itself.
In January 1711, Peter I ordered the wooden building to be moved to another location “near the Kalinkin Bridge.” On the vacant site in May they began to build the foundation for the stone Summer Palace of Peter I. This house was built in the Dutch style, as Peter I loved. The Tsar personally drew up the design of the building, after which it was adjusted by the architect Domenico Trezzini. It became one of the first stone residential buildings in St. Petersburg, along with the Menshikov Palace, Golovkin's house. The construction of the Summer Palace of Peter I took four years.
The facade of the building is decorated with 28 bas-reliefs by the architect Andreas Schlüter, which depict the events of the Northern War. Above the door is the figure of Minerva (goddess of wisdom) surrounded by victory banners and war trophies. Schlüter came to Russia in 1713 and lived in the Summer Palace even before its construction was completed.
A weather vane was installed on the roof of the Summer Palace in 1714, showing not only the direction of the wind, but also its strength. The weather vane was mechanically connected to a device that showed these parameters on a kind of display inside the building. This device was ordered by Peter I in Dresden from the court mechanic. The weather vane was decorated with a gilded figure of St. George the Victorious.
On the first floor of the Summer Palace there were Peter's chambers, on the second - his wife Catherine and children. On the ground floor there was the king's reception room. Here he accepted written requests and oral complaints. A punishment cell was set up next to the reception area, where Peter personally shoved the guilty and then released them himself. From the reception area one could enter the large “Assembly” room. On the second floor there was the empress's reception room, the throne room and a kitchen with an oven in which Catherine I baked pies for her husband.
The first sewerage system in St. Petersburg appeared in the Summer Palace. Water was supplied to the house by pumps and flowed into the Fontanka. The operation of the flowing sewer system was facilitated by the fact that the building was washed on three sides by water, the driving force being the flow of the Fontanka. After the flood of 1777, Havanets was filled up and the sewerage system ceased to function.
There were no utility rooms other than kitchens in the Summer Palace. For them, another building was built along the Fontanka, known as the “People's Quarters”. It was in these premises that the famous Amber Cabinet, the anatomical collection of Ruysch, and the library of Peter I were located. Summer Palace A special gallery connected it to the human chambers.
Peter I lived in this house only from May to October. That’s why the palace is called the Summer Palace and has fairly thin walls. There are 14 rooms, two kitchens and two corridors. The ceiling height is only 3.3 meters. One of Peter I’s favorite rooms in the Summer Palace was the turning room. Her household was managed by the famous mechanic Andrei Nartov.
The Summer Palace served as a place for Peter I to receive visitors with their written requests. State meetings of ministers under the leadership of the emperor were also held here. After one of these meetings, in the lobby of the Summer Palace, an attempt was made on Peter I by one of the schismatics. After this, his fellow believers were ordered to wear a piece of red and yellow fabric on their clothes in order to distinguish them from other people.
The Summer Palace existed as a royal residence until the mid-18th century. Then they began to adapt it to the needs of officials. Relevant renovation work made changes to the appearance of the historical building. In 1815, the Minister of War, Prince Gorchakov, lived here, the next year - the Minister of Justice, Prince Lobanov-Rostovsky, in 1822 - the military general, governor Count Miloradovich, after him - the Minister of Finance Kankrin.
During the St. Petersburg flood of 1824, the Summer Palace was flooded up to the middle of the first floor windows. An ancient bronze plaque reminds of this event, demonstrating the level of water rise.
Since 1934, a historical and everyday life museum has been operating in the Summer Palace.
Address: Palace Embankment
Opening hours: from 10..0 to 18.00
Among the palace buildings of St. Petersburg Peter's era the beginning of the 18th century, the Summer Palace of Peter the Great occupies a worthy place. Its uniqueness lies in the fact that it has survived to this day practically in the state of the original source, the same as it was under Peter. And where, if not in this palace, can you touch time? Petra, to his personality, which is expressed in the modesty of the household environment, in household items and in interiors.
The palace has been preserved in an unaltered form due to the fact that no one lived in it after Peter and Catherine the First. Each new empress, and there were several after Peter, built her own individual housing. The premises in the Summer Palace are especially well preserved Green office, dining room and maid of honor's quarters. The main exhibits of the museum were the surviving personal belongings of Peter the Great and his wife.
History of the palace
It must be said that Peter the Great began the development of the island part of the future St. Petersburg on the opposite Peter and Paul Fortress shore from the construction of the Admiralty fortress-shipyard and from the creation of a clearing road to the Novgorod tract (future Nevsky Prospekt). In parallel with these important tasks for the future of the city, Peter is developing the idea of creating a Summer Garden at the junction of the Fontanka and the Neva, envisioning creating a beautiful garden-park like the famous Versailles.
The rather modest Summer Palace of the Emperor is also being built here. After all, being close to the park being created, it was easier for Peter to control the gardening work, and living in the gardening area in the summer and at the same time being within the city was quite practical and comfortable.
Built a two-story palace for Peter the Great D. Trezzini. Like all existing buildings of that period, the Summer Palace was built in the style Peter's Baroque. Judging by the austere appearance of the building, it is immediately clear that the palace was created not for ceremonial receptions, but for the private residence of the imperial couple. The building has clear proportions, many windows and a hipped roof. The ground floor has sunk into the ground over time, which is why the palace seems low.
Facades of the Summer Palace
The facade of the palace is decorated with allegorical images Northern War scenes, which was still ongoing at that time. On two sides the palace faces the Neva and Fontanka, and on the third it was equipped Havanese- an artificial reservoir for small galleys.
This palace was immediately intended for summer residence emperor, so it was not insulated enough. Peter lived here with his wife Ekaterina since 1712 annually from May to October. The fact that Peter did not build himself a new city summer residence suggests that he was quite comfortable in this small palace.
Interior of the palace
Due to purely family living, there are no state rooms for balls and receptions in the palace and there are 7 small living rooms on each of the two floors. Peter himself occupied the first floor, his wife’s chambers were on the second, warmer floor. In total, the palace had 14 rooms and 2 kitchens (cooks).
Catherine the Great's bedroom
Lobby decorated with carved oak panels, which are divided by pilasters. First floor Peter was equipped with a reception room, a punishment cell for those punished for offenses, a large assembly, Peter's bedroom, a kitchen, a dining room and a dressing room. Here as in Winter Palace Peter the Great has a lathe, which the emperor loved to work on in his free time.
Dining room of the Summer Palace
Second floor, allocated to Catherine and her children, was divided into a dressing room, kitchen, bedroom, nursery, room for ladies-in-waiting, dance and throne rooms. Of all the rooms, the one that stands out the most is Green office, decorated with painting inserts and stucco and gilded decorations.
Green office of Peter the Great
All rooms of the palace with restored interior design preserve the atmosphere of family comfort that reigned in the Summer Palace. Peter himself, his wife, and their children walked here. Here Peter the Great conducted family conversations; here one could escape from imperial affairs and feel like just the father of a family.
Ground floor interior
In some palace rooms, interior details from the time of Peter the Great have miraculously survived. These include tiles Dutch tiles that line the walls of the cook's premises, picturesque lampshades artist G. Gzella, carved panel and the Green Study's stucco fireplace. In the Office on the first floor there is Peter’s personal device, showing the time of day, wind strength and its direction - the so-called Wind device. Interestingly, Peter's Summer Palace was the first city building with a functioning system sewer, which worked under the powerful driving force of the Fontanka.
Peter's Summer Palace is one of the oldest buildings Petersburg and a unique monument of Russian history and culture. It is interesting that already under Alexander the First, Peter’s Palace was open to public inspection. And in 1840, a partial restoration and systematization of existing historical values was carried out.
During the Great Patriotic War The palace building was heavily damaged, especially the roof and window frames. Immediately after the war, repairs to the palace began, which grew into large-scale restoration.
Today the Summer Palace is a branch Russian Museum and is open to numerous tourists Northern capital. The museum is open all days except Tuesday, from 10.00 to 18.00.
The Summer Palace of Peter I is located in Summer Garden St. Petersburg. The garden was laid out by a large group of gardeners and architects in the early years of the city's founding. Peter I had a dream - to set up a garden in the Versailles style. At first, in his house he only rested and watched his work, and then he lived here with his family in summer time.
After the Moika was connected to the Neva by the Lebyazhy Canal, small island. In its northern region, in 1710-1714, the Summer Palace was erected, which was one of the first stone palaces in St. Petersburg. The author of the project was the architect D. Trezzini. The interior furnishings were created under the direction of the German architect and sculptor A. Schlüter. Tradition tells that the king ordered the construction of the house so that the building would symbolize the new policy of the country. Then Trezzini positioned the palace building so that 6 of its 12 windows looked west, and the other 6 looked strictly east. The architect explained his decision as follows: “So our Russia is equally facing both the West and the East.”
The first sewerage system of St. Petersburg was built at the royal residence. Water entered the house using pumps and went into the Fontanka. Since the house was surrounded on 3 sides by water, the driving force of the system was the flow of the Fontanka. In 1777 there was a flood, and the small Gavanets Bay in front of the house was filled up. The sewer system stopped working.
In the lobby of the palace, one of the schismatics made an attempt on Peter I.
In 1925, the Summer Palace was transferred to the Russian Museum, and since 1934, the work of the Historical and Household Museum was organized here. In the 1960s, a scientific restoration of the museum was carried out. The director was architect A.E. Hesse. During the work, it was possible to recreate many of the original elements of the Summer Palace.
After the death of Peter I and Catherine I, practically no one lived in their house. At one time, meetings of the Supreme Privy Council were organized here, and later the imperial courtiers came to the palace to rest.
The architectural style of the building is Baroque. This is expressed in clear proportions and numerous windows, bas-reliefs and a stucco frieze under the roof. The appearance of the building is strict. The roof is high, hipped. The gutters are made in the shape of winged dragons. The facades are decorated with a frieze of 29 bas-reliefs that separate the floors.
Each floor of the building is equipped with 7 small living rooms. There are no large halls. The decoration of the lobby is made in the form of carved oak panels, which are divided by pilasters of the Ionic order. The sculptor N. Pino made a bas-relief image of Minerva.
On the first floor there were the royal chambers, on the second - his wife Catherine and children. In the reception room, the emperor received oral and written complaints and requests. Near the reception area there was a punishment cell for the guilty. From the reception room one could go into a large room called the assembly. On the first floor there was also a kitchen with a dining room and a bedroom, a dressing room and a room for the driver on duty. There was also a lathe and a machine on which Peter the Great loved to work.
On the second floor of the building, in addition to the dressing room, cookroom and room for ladies-in-waiting, there is a throne room, a children's room, a bedroom and a dance room. The Green Cabinet, which is decorated with picturesque inserts, gilding and molding, deserves special attention. The kitchen and the emperor's study are decorated with rare Dutch tiles, and the fireplaces are decorated with stucco bas-reliefs. The lampshades of the office are picturesquely painted by master G. Gsell.
Russian artists I. Zavarzin, A. Zakharov and F. Matveev took part in the decoration of the rooms. The living rooms have preserved the atmosphere that reigned in former times. Also here you can see rare portraits, paintings depicting sea vessels both battles and landscapes. A rarity of the museum is a wind instrument brought from Dresden. It is set in motion by a weather vane installed on the roof in the form of the figure of St. George the Victorious.
The Summer Palace of Peter I still has a cozy family atmosphere.
Summer Palace of Peter I in St. Petersburg. A historical building in the Petrine Baroque style, a former imperial residence, built according to the design of D. A. Trezzini in 1710-1714. Currently, the building is part of the Russian Museum.
The Summer Palace of Peter I is one of the oldest buildings in St. Petersburg; it was built in 1714 and has been preserved in its original form to this day. The two-story palace was intended only for summer residence, so it had thin walls and single window frames. The emperor first settled in the unfinished palace already in 1712 and lived there during the summer for the remaining years. It was the Summer Palace that gave the name to the Summer Garden.
The facade of the palace is decorated with bas-reliefs from the events of the Northern War by A. Schlüter, where Peter I himself is depicted in the image of Perseus, and the hipped roof is decorated with corner gutters in the form of winged dragons. The roof itself was crowned with a weather vane, indicating the direction and strength of the wind. The general appearance of the Baroque palace is outwardly modest, the building has even proportions and an abundance of windows on all sides of the building. It is interesting that the building is strictly oriented to the west and east, this was the embodiment of the emperor’s idea that Russia was equally aimed at both of these sides of the world.
The Summer Palace is quite small - it consists of only 14 rooms (7 per floor). The discreet appearance of the external forms was compensated by the richness of the interior decoration. The interiors were painted by Russian artists A. Zakharov, I. Zavarzin and F. Matveev. Among the most noticeable decorations inside the palace are an oak panel in the lower vestibule, unique Dutch tiles, fireplaces with stucco bas-reliefs, and picturesque lampshades. Themes of glorifying Russian military glory were widely used in the decoration; many sculptural and artistic decorative elements are dedicated to this.
The rooms of Peter I were located on the first floor, and his wife and children on the second. The palace also included reception rooms (“assembly rooms”), an office, a throne room, and even the king’s personal punishment cell. One of the rooms of the palace was occupied by a mechanical turning workshop, where the emperor loved not only to work personally, but also to receive reports from nobles.
In Peter's time, there was a small harbor near the palace - Gavanets, which was later filled up after a flood. It made it possible to swim up to the entrance to the palace directly by boat. The water surrounding the palace was also used for sewerage.
After the death of Peter I, the palace was used for a long time as a summer residence for dignitaries and courtiers; the Supreme Privy Council met here, but the reigning persons themselves no longer lived in the palace. It is to this that the palace owes its preservation - Elizabeth built herself a new summer residence, but no one began to rebuild Peter’s palace.
In 1925, the palace came under the jurisdiction of the Russian Museum, and since 1934 it has become a full-fledged museum exhibition dedicated to Peter I.
The Summer Palace of Peter I is included in the Unified State Register of Objects cultural heritage(historical and cultural monuments) of Russia.
Note to tourists:
A visit to the Summer Palace of Peter I will be interesting for tourists interested in the architecture of the early 18th century, for everyone who wants to see the exhibitions located on the territory, and can also become one of the points excursion program while exploring nearby attractions -
