Legends about lyntupy. Lyntupy is a village of Postavy district, Vitebsk region of Belarus. Church, Manor. Sightseeing, Travel and Tourism, Historical and Architectural Monuments. More about attractions

Lyntupy is an urban settlement in the Postavy district of the Vitebsk region of Belarus on the Lyntupka river. Located 42 km from the town of Pastavy, near the border with Lithuania. The settlement got its name from the name of the Lyntupka River, which flows through it. From the Baltic language, the word is translated as “bird river”. People lived here as early as the 10th century A.D., as evidenced by 74 mounds near Lyntupy, where knives, awls, spearheads, axes, bracelets, rings were found during excavations - items used by the Baltic in the 10th century A.D. ... A place with a cluster of large boulders in this area served for sacrifice, prayer and worship of the gods. Until now, there are many legends about boulders: "Stone-grandfather", "Stone-krinitsa" and others.

For the first time, Lyntupa got into the chronicle in 1385. And already in 1459 the Vilna voivode A. Dovgirdovich built a wooden church of St. Andrew. In the middle of the 16th century, the town belongs to the Oshmyany district of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The owners were Buchinsky, Ostrovsky, Gilsen. Since 1795 Lyntupy has been a part of Russia, as a town, the center of the Sventsiansky district volost. From 1854 to 1939 the town belonged to the Bishevskys. In 1921-1939 Lyntupy became part of Poland. Since 1939, they again become part of the Belarusian lands, like a village in the Postavy region. In 1967 it received the status of an urban settlement.

However, the village is more famous for its few attractions. The first is the Biszewski estate and palace in Lyntupy, which was built in 1907 by Jozef Biszewski according to the designs of the famous Polish-Russian architect - Count Tadeusz Rastvorovsky. Several local legends are associated with the palace.

According to the first, the young gentry Jozef Bishevsky fell in love with a beautiful French actress in Paris, and she, in turn, promised to marry him if he builds for her magnificent palace... Bishevsky hurried home and ordered to build a magnificent stone palace. It was built in the late Italian Renaissance style. Each room of the palace had a rich decoration, a different color scheme and an original name (for example, Chinese, Moorish). Numerous outbuildings were erected near the palace, similar in style to the main building. Its walls even had central heating - special voids through which warm air flowed from the basement, as well as sewage. Even more attractive to this architectural complex added by the fact that it was located on an island, framed by 4 hand-dug ponds, which were connected by canals. Decorated with marble sculptures and a granite staircase. A magnificent park of rare trees and bushes with a charming summer pavilion was planted around the palace. The palace had 2 entrances - one led to the park, and the other led directly to the pond. On holidays, the gates to the palace were opened, and both gentry and peasants could visit the amphitheater. But, despite all the efforts of Bishevsky, the capricious Frenchwoman, having visited Lyntupy, did not appreciate his efforts, saying that her father's stables were even richer, and left back to your Paris. The nobleman was upset. He himself did not live in the palace, but huddled in a small wooden house, and the guests who came for endless parties lived and had fun in the chic palace. So Lyntupy became a kind of monument of unrequited love.

According to the second legend, several secret underground passages ran from the palace. When the Red Army captured the town of Lyntupy in 1939, Pan Bishevsky managed to escape. And at the same time he hid part of his belongings in one of the underground passages.

In the post-war period, a school was located in the building of the palace, and after its transfer to a new building, the palace and the park were abandoned and gradually destroyed and overgrown. Restoration attempts were unsuccessful due to lack of funds and bureaucratic procedures. To date, the palace and the park have been bought out by a Russian investor and their further destiny not known ...

The second attraction of the village is the church of St. Apostle Andrew. The parish dates back to the 15th century. Old parish books show that the people here were very religious and devoted to the church. The first wooden shrine under the title of St. The Apostle Andrew was built here around 1459. The chronicle of the parish church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary for 1879 says that it was built by the Vilnius governor Andrei Davgirdavich. The church had 5 altars and a pulpit; there was also a hospital here. In 1640, Alexander Chernitsky built a brick chapel at the church, presented the shrine with a large bell and liturgical accessories. The parish was numerous - there were more than 7000 believers. In 1908, on the site of the old burnt-out wooden church during the reign of the bishevsky gentry, they began to build a new - brick church. The construction took 6 years. In 1914, the church was finished. It is curious that an Orthodox church has never been built in Lyntupy, and it is still not here. Opposite the church on central square Lyntupov there was only a synagogue.

Also in the village you can find a brewery, which was built here by the Bishevskys. It is still in effect, but today water and alcohol are bottled here. On the outskirts of Lyntupov there is ancient cemeterywhere the Bishevsky and other gentry, as well as ordinary villagers are buried.

The settlement got its name from the name of the river that flows through it in the Postavy region - Lyntupka. From the Baltic language, the word is translated as “bird river”. For the first time, Lyntupa got into the chronicle in 1385. However, people lived here as early as the 10th century AD. The proof of this is 74 burial mounds near Lyntupy. During the excavations, knives, awls, spearheads, axes, bracelets, and rings were found - items that were used by the Baltic people in the 10th century AD. A place with a cluster of large boulders in this area served for sacrifice, prayer and worship of the gods. Until now, there are many legends about boulders: "Stone-grandfather", "Stone-krinitsa" and others.

In 1908, on the site of the old burnt-out wooden church during the reign of the bishevsky gentry, they began to build a new - brick church. The construction took 6 years. In 1914, the church was finished.

It is noteworthy that an Orthodox church has never been built in Lyntupy, and it still does not exist here. Opposite the church on the central Lyntupov square there was only a synagogue.

The Bishevskys built a brewery here, which is still operating. True, water and alcohol are bottled here today.

The Biszewski Palace in Lyntupy was built in 1907 by Jozef Biszewski according to the designs of the famous architect Tadeusz Rastvarovski. It was built in the late Italian Renaissance style. Each room was distinguished by its unique color scheme and rich decoration. There were chambers Chinese, Moorish, Japanese. Central heating and sewerage were installed here.

A pond was dug around the palace. Therefore, it seemed that the building was on an island. Decorated with marble sculptures and a granite staircase. Many exotic plants have been planted in the adjacent park. An amphitheater was also built in the park, where musical evenings were organized. On holidays, the gates to the palace were opened, and both gentry and villagers could visit the amphitheater.

There is a legend about the construction of the Bishevsky Palace in Lyntupy about the romance of Jozef Bishevsky with a Parisian woman who demanded a palace for herself. Jozef built the palace, but the lady did not think he was the best, and went to her in Paris, and "trampled" true love.

On the this moment the palace building stands in the woods. The object was purchased by a Russian investor, and the further fate of the palace is not yet known, the program said.

On the outskirts of Lyntupov there is an ancient cemetery, where the Bishevsky and other gentry, as well as ordinary villagers are buried.

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Most of the Belarusian settlements and villages leave a pleasant impression. Of course, there are a lot of abandoned villages here, but more or less large settlements look pretty decent. However, there are exceptions. I was left a little amazed after visiting the Lyntupy village. It is unlikely that Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko was here, perhaps after his visit, positive changes would have occurred. There are not so many attractions here, but they are. And in general, the village deserves the best. But first things first.

Get to Lyntupy on public transport very hard. Buses from the regional center Postavy (or elsewhere) do not go there, as the road has not yet been paved. In not the largest Belarusian settlements, only so-called "gravel roads" are laid - primers covered with rubble. You can ride them, however, for cyclists it is a terrible ordeal. So civilization in the form of paved asphalt has not yet reached Lyntup. And this is in the 21st century. Twice a day a diesel train runs to Lyntup from Pastavy. There are no excursions to Lyntupy either, they say that the sights there and their condition are unlikely to appeal to tourists. And to carry people several kilometers through rubble is probably not entirely solid. Nothing helped me in the tourism department resort village Naroch. They said, they say, only go there by taxi. I knew that Lyntupy are located in the border zone of the Republic of Belarus, and to visit this area you need to pay a special fee. In order not to break the law, I asked the tourism department where you can pay for it. I did not receive a clear answer - informational assistance is provided there only in the Naroch region, located in the Minsk region. Lyntupy, although not very far from Naroch, is the Postavy district of the Vitebsk region. The local taxi driver agreed to take me to Lyntup and back for 2,000 Russian rubles. He paid the fee for himself at the bank, and he told me that there was no need to worry.
Fate was not entirely favorable to the Lyntups. Once a large railway junction, but now a forgotten corner today is located on the very edge of the country and does not develop at all. Of course, the village is unlikely to ever become a tourist Mecca: after all, the area is full of more interesting settlements. But in general, I feel very sorry for the local residents who live in such desolation. Lyntup has enough interesting story, and here you can attract tourists in the future.
The taxi driver dropped me off and stayed to wait in the center of the village next to the church of St. Andrew the Apostle. The beautiful temple that adorns Lyntupy was built in 1908-1914. The information board informs that the temple was consecrated in the name of St. Andrei Boboli, but the official website of the Belarusian Catholic Church confirms that after all, the church bears the name of the Apostle Andrei, and the main holiday is celebrated on November 30 (the memory of the holy Apostle Andrei, for the Orthodox - on December 13).

In a classic Belarusian place on main square there was always a church, orthodox Church and a synagogue. But there has never been a church in Lyntupy. The synagogue was located directly opposite the church, but the building has not survived. By the way, local residents have never been very tolerant, and there were constant clashes between Catholics and Jews.

Further, according to the plan, there was a visit to the former Bishevsky estate. The manor complex was built in late XIX - the beginning of the twentieth century. The main building of the estate was built by the architect Tadeusz Rastvorovsky in 1907. Local legend says that a young nobleman, Jozef Bishevsky, fell in love with a beautiful Parisian woman. She promised to marry him, but on condition that he build a palace for her. The condition was fulfilled, the master's palace is really very beautiful. But the capricious Frenchwoman did not appreciate the efforts of the gentry in the end.

For a long time, the estate was in a terrible state. Many buildings were dilapidated and began to collapse. Nobody looked after the old park, and the ponds and canals were overgrown with mud. However, quite recently the manor complex was bought by the Russians and restoration work began there.

Swans on the pond. By the way, Lyntupy in translation from the Baltic language means “bird river”.

Lyntupy used to have the status of a town, now it is an urban-type settlement. Although the current status is not entirely suitable for this locality. There are no multi-storey buildings, moreover, it seemed that they are still not familiar with such a blessing of civilization as the sewage system. Even the local administration building has a wooden toilet. Since the century before last, a brewery has been operating in Lyntupy, now producing alcohol. However, the locals said that after the recent fire, it does not work at full capacity.

Be sure to tell about railway station Lyntupy. There were times when the village was large transport hub... At the end of the 19th century, the Pabrade-Krulevschizna line was built. During the First World War, a narrow-gauge railway was built from Lyntup to Kobylnik (now the village of Naroch), then dismantled and rebuilt in the 1920s. The line was closed in 1960 and little is left of it. There was also a section of the railway from Lyntup to Shvencheneliai (now Lithuania), it lasted a little longer. After the collapse of the USSR, communication with the Lithuanian Pabrade ceased, although the Vitebsk-Grodno train passed along this line. Now Lyntupy is a dead-end station where two commuter trains in a day.

Monument to the engineer Boleslav Yalovetsky, a native of these places and who built railways here more than a hundred years ago.

Whether it will be interesting for tourists in Lyntupy, I don't know. I personally liked locality, somehow the village attracted me. And I would like to hope that Alexander Lukashenko will come here someday and come up with something. Well, a village with such rich history (and in its vicinity there are also ancient burial mounds and huge boulder stones, about which there are many legends). I hope that an asphalt road will be built here, the estate will be restored, and local residents will not complain about unemployment and lack of prospects.

Lyntupy is a village in Postavy district, Vitebsk region of Belarus. One of the main architectural landmarks of Lyntupy village is the Church of St. Andrew the Apostle. Some sources mention that the temple was consecrated in the name of St. Andrew Boboli, but the official website of the Catholic Church in Belarus emphasizes that the temple and the parish are named after the Apostle Andrew. By the way, the village of Lyntupy was first mentioned in 1459 precisely in connection with the construction on the same site of the first, then still wooden, church named after St. Andrew the Apostle. Well, the modern temple was built in 1914 on the central square of the village. IN soviet time Attempts were made to close the church, but the parishioners managed to defend it. This is largely why this temple has survived to this day in good condition. The church also continues to be maintained in excellent condition today. The church in the village of Lyntupy is a rather interesting tourist attraction, an important architectural monument of the early 20th century, a historical and cultural value and an interesting sight of Belarus.

Another important attraction of Lyntupy village is a small palace and park complex located here. All buildings related to this manor complex were built at the beginning of the 20th century. At the moment, most of the buildings in this complex are being relatively actively restored. The manor complex in Lyntupy village includes: a small palace, which is the central building of the whole complex; another administrative building (already restored); a very interesting tower (this tower served for economic purposes and was erected, like the rest of the buildings, at the beginning of the 20th century, but it looks like it is a medieval defense tower, it even has loopholes); further, many outbuildings, some of which are still fully functioning as part of one of the local enterprises; several arched bridges and fragments of a park with artificial reservoirs and small canals. The manor complex in the village of Lyntupy is also an important architectural monument of the early 20th century, historical and cultural value and an interesting attraction of Belarus.

The urban village of Lyntupy is located just 2 km from the state border of our country with the Republic of Lithuania, in the extreme north-west of Belarus in the middle of the protected forests of our Poozerie (40 km west of Postavy and 25 km north of the lake Naroch).

To understand the uniqueness of these places for researchers, at the beginning of the topic we will make a small angle into the history of the region.

In the early Middle Ages, the territory of Lyntupshchyna was part of the Nalshchansky principality. The entire population of the principality was pagan. After the violent seizure of Nalschan by the Grand Duke of Lithuania Voishelk in 1264, the lands of the principality were transferred under the formal jurisdiction of Polotsk. However, the principality of Polotsk, weakened by the struggle with external and internal enemies, at that time no longer had the strength to Christianize the new annexed lands. Soon the Polotsk principality itself became legally part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Later we will see that the Oshmyany county of the Vilna voivodeship was created on the territory of the former Nalschansk land.

The gradual Christianization of the region began after the coronation of the Grand Duke of Lithuania Jagaila to the Polish throne in 1386. But, we repeat, this Christianization was gradual and slow, for centuries, carried out from the ruling elite to the common people of the principality and did not have a sharply expressed violent character. Therefore, up to the middle of the 19th century, there were islands of the pagan population on this territory, and the Christian faith, new for these places, intertwined with the old pagan customs, rituals and beliefs.

The creation of such a dense interweaving of old pagan beliefs with the Christian religion is unique in continental Europe. Similar processes took place only in Iceland, which is extremely remote from the large Christian centers.

A striking example of such a Christian-pagan conglomerate is the Lyntup region we are considering. Although the first church in the town was built in 1459 (this date is considered the beginning of the Christianization of Lyntupshchyna), the famous Russian researcher of antiquities F.V. Pokrovsky fixes and puts on his archaeological map in Lyntupy themselves such a characteristic object of pagan cult as the "Holy Well". Moreover, the author of these lines, during his research, recorded information about the local population cult rites of a clearly pagan origin already in the second half of the XX century. These are mass prayers during some Christian holidays at the former pagan shrines of the area: the holy "Millennial Oak" in former village Stukovschina (3 km north of the Lyntupy town), the "Holy Spring" in the village of Petruti (10 km east of the Lyntupy town). It is also the kindling of znich (sacred fire) during the holidays of the Christian saints Yuri and John on the former temple of the pagan god of spring and fertility Yarilo on the hill "Tomb of the Knight" ("Butsianok") in the village of Gurnitsa (12 km south-southeast of urban settlement Lyntupy). They are also sacrifices to pagan gods: the goddess of fate and birth Laima on her temple in the Vaishsky Log tract in the village of Raduta (6 km southeast of the town of Lyntupy), an undefined god at the Holy Millennium Oak in the former village of Stukovshchina , to the deity of the clan Dedu the first ancestor on his temple near the former village of Stukovschina, etc.

The most sensational find was during a joint field expedition in 1992 with a senior researcher at the Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Cand. Historical Sciences Lyudmila Vladimirovna Duchits. In the vicinity of the village of Kaptaruny (7 km north-west of the town of Lyntupy), 30 m from the state border, in a hole filled with water on the surface of the cult Saint ("Dzyuravaga") stone of Kaptarunsky, brand new, just minted mint of the Republic of Lithuania, coins. A pagan sacrifice at the very end of the 20th century in the center of Europe! It really was a sensation. Thanks to this find, the Kaptarunsky Saint ("Dzyuravy") stone became the most famous among the Belarusian pagan monuments in the scientific circles of Europe.

From the above material, one can guess that the vicinity of the g.p. Lyntups are a real fabulous Eldorado for local historians, historians, archaeologists and ethnographers. Indeed, over 20 years of work, the author of these lines has found and investigated more than a hundred objects of pre-Christian cult, collected a rich ethnographic material. Along and in parallel with the author, such famous scientists as geologist and candidate of geological and mineralogical sciences V.F. Vinokurov (Geological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Belarus, Belarus), candidates of historical sciences E.M. Zaikovsky, L.V. Duchits (both - Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Belarus, Belarus), Vikantas Vaitkevicius (Klaipeda University, Lithuania), Daiva Vaitkevichene (Central Lithuanian Archive of Ethnography, Lithuania), Moscow archaeologist Denis Samkov (Russia) and others.

Research carried out in the summer of 2014 together with the staff of the Belarusian department of the International Academy of Information Technologies (IAIT) on a number of pagan religious sites in Lyntupshchyna discovered material that interested representatives of other branches of science.

The background to the above studies is as follows. During many years of work with pagan cult objects, the author drew attention to inexplicable cases occurring with the human psyche, photo and video equipment in the places of former pagan temples. While staying in these places, there are often cases of loss of spatial orientation, visual and auditory hallucinations, failure of photo and video equipment. The author himself was often an eyewitness to these incomprehensible phenomena, and the stories of many people about these cases are true masterpieces of folk art.

During these studies, the author had the idea of \u200b\u200ba scientific study of these incomprehensible phenomena using modern technical means. Accidental acquaintance with an employee of MAIT, Cand. biological sciences Galina Grigorievna Romanenko allowed to begin to implement these ideas.

Our group included cand. biol. Sciences G.G. Romanenko, S.N. Starovoitov, O.V. Yagelo and A.V. Gorbul. The studies were carried out by a certified IGA-1 device, a highly sensitive selective meter of the electromagnetic field with a range of 5-1000 Hz and a sensitivity from units to hundreds of picovolts. The objects of the study were the former pagan temples of Yarila - the god of spring, fertility and war (the hill "Knight's Tomb" ("Butsianok"), the village of Gurnitsa), Mary (Roda, Raduta, Aushrine) - the goddess of the dead and dawn (the hill "French ( German) graves ", the village of Raduta), Laima - the goddess of fate, knowledge and birth (the Vaishsky Log tract near the Raduta village), Veyasa - the god of the winds (the Vayshsky Log tract), Deda - the ancestor god, guardian of the household, home, harvest, family, clan (tract "Dzedava Khata" in the former village of Stukovschina) and an unclear god at the Millennium Oak (former village of Stukovschina).

The experimental work carried out by our group on the pagan temples of Lyntupshchyna opened up broad prospects for the use of such a research method in archeology and, first of all, in the study of religious monuments.

So, we managed to follow a special trail (which looks like a heat trail in the infrared region) to find the original location of the moved cult object (the altar stone from the temple of Yarila, the idol of Veyas), cult objects that disappeared from the temple (12 cult stones dedicated to the minor gods - the winds at the temple of Veyas, the idol of Yarila, Mary (Raduta), etc.). Also, by the nature of the radiation, one can distinguish cult objects from natural ones (2 parts of the idol of Veyas) and other possibilities that we have yet to comprehend.

Having received only part of the information about the studies described above, the leading specialist of our country in the field of the study of pre-Christian religious monuments, employee of the Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Cand. history. Sciences E.M. Zaikovsky expressed great interest in cooperation. He also proposed to jointly develop a methodology for such research in archeology.

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