Average annual air temperature in Tierra del Fuego. The climate is fiery land. Weather in Tierra del Fuego

What climate is Tierra del Fuego? and got the best answer

Answer from Condorita[guru]
Temperate maritime climate
We look carefully at the map. According to Alisov’s classification, there is no other climate there

Due to the proximity of Antarctica and high air humidity, the snow line starts almost from the surface of the sea.
Source:

Reply from Zinaida[guru]
The climate of Tierra del Fuego is very humid, except in the extreme east. The archipelago is constantly exposed to harsh and humid southwesterly winds. In the west, up to 3000 mm of precipitation falls per year, with drizzle prevailing, which occurs 300-330 days a year. In the east, precipitation decreases sharply.
The temperature is low throughout the year, and its fluctuations between seasons are insignificant. We can say that the archipelago Tierra del Fuego In summer temperature it is close to the tundra, and in winter it is close to the subtropics.
The climatic conditions of Tierra del Fuego are favorable for the development of glaciation. The snow line in the west is at an altitude of 500 m, and glaciers fall directly into the ocean, forming icebergs. Mountain ranges covered with ice, and only isolated sharp peaks rise above it.

Reply from Tata[guru]
The climate of Tierra del Fuego is a subpolar oceanic climate with short, cool summers and long, wet, moderate winters: average precipitation is 3,000 mm
Cold and wet weather helps preserve ancient glaciers.
The southernmost islands have a sub-Antarctic climate, typical of the tundra, which makes tree growth impossible.
Some areas within the region have a predominantly polar climate.
Areas in the world with similar climates to southern Tierra del Fuego are the Aleutian Islands, Iceland, Alaska and the Faroe Islands.

Reply from 2 answers[guru]

Hello! Here is a selection of topics with answers to your question: What climate is Tierra del Fuego located in?

The great navigator Ferdinand Magellan during his first trip around the world in 1520, he not only discovered the strait later named in his honor, connecting the Atlantic with, but also gave the name to the archipelago located south of the South American mainland. He mistook the Indian fires that constantly burned on the islands for volcanic vents and named the archipelago Tierra del Fuego. At the end of the 16th century, Sir Francis Drake, by order of the English crown, went to Tierra del Fuego and discovered that the island was not, as was commonly believed, one with the Southern mainland. Since then, on all maps of the world, Tierra del Fuego began to be designated as an island. Following the British, the Spaniards settled here and built the first settlement in the Strait of Magellan - the city of Ushuaia. Its name in the Indian language means “city in the depths of the bay.” Modern Ushuaia is still one of the few large settlements on the archipelago. In the late 70s of the 20th century, a conflict arose between Chile and Argentina over territorial claims to the Beagle Strait, which separates main island archipelago from southern islands s and serves as the border between states. However, thanks to the mediation of the Vatican, war was avoided.

Despite the fact that over the past 25 years the population of the archipelago has grown several times, only 3.4 people per km 2 live on this southern tip of the American continent.

Archipelago Tierra del Fuego

Tierra del Fuego is not only the name of the island. This is the name of the entire archipelago, which, in addition to the main island, includes a huge number of small islands located near the coast of Patagonia on southern edge America. Tierra del Fuego is separated from the mainland by the Strait of Magellan - one of the most important, but at the same time the most dangerous sea routes in the world. It connects with the Quiet, allowing sailors to avoid the extremely dangerous voyage around Cape Horn. The territory of Tierra del Fuego is divided between two states. belongs to Argentina southern part The main island, on which the Tierra del Fuego National Park is located, everything else belongs to the possessions of Chile. In the north of Tierra del Fuego flora not unlike the vegetation of Patagonia, further south the landscape becomes increasingly sparse. mountain peaks Cordillera systems (some of them reach an altitude of 2500 m) are covered with glaciers. Due to the cool climate and heavy rainfall, Tierra del Fuego can hardly be called a resort area, but despite the not very favorable weather conditions, more and more people come to these calm islands, dreaming of escaping from the bustle of civilization.

General information

Currency: Argentinean and Chilean pesos.

Religion: Catholicism.

Largest cities: Porvenir (territory of Chile, 5,600 inhabitants), Ushuaia (11,000 inhabitants) and Rio Grande (35,000 inhabitants) are located in Argentina.

Largest islands: Tierra del Fuego, Oste, Santa Ines, Navarino.

Numbers

Population: 251,000 people.
Population density: 3.4 people per km 2.

Highest point: Mount Yogan (2469 m).

Length of the Strait of Magellan: 580 km.

Climate and weather

Strong winds.

Attractions

Curious facts

In the very south of South America, separated from the mainland by the Strait of Magellan, lies the Tierra del Fuego archipelago, consisting of one large island bearing the same name, and large quantity small islands, almost all of them uninhabited. The islands are divided between Argentina and Chile.

Tierra del Fuego attracts tourists with its unusual harsh nature and proximity to Antarctica. They regularly start from here tourist trips to the ice continent.

Main tourist center The islands are the young city of Ushuaia, founded in 1884 by members of an Argentine expedition. At the beginning of the 20th century, a prison was built here, the prisoners of which became the first residents of the city.

Today it is a tourist center with an international airport and all related services. This southernmost city in the world is often called the “end of the world.”

How to get there

Most travelers arrive in the city by plane. There are direct flights from Buenos Aires to international airport Ushuaia. Travel time is about 3.5 hours. There is also a direct flight from El Calafate. The airport is located near the city. There is no special route connecting them, but you can get there quickly and inexpensively by taxi.

You can also get here by car or bus. Direct flight from the capital no, you need to get there with a transfer through Rio Gallegos, from where the journey will take about 36 hours.

Transport

Mainly taxis and buses.

Communication and Internet

There are three mobile operators: Claro (America Movil), Movistar (Telefonica), Personal (Telecom Argentina). SIM cards from Russian operators work, but roaming is very expensive. You can buy a local SIM card at the operator’s or its representative’s stores. For this you need a passport and a phone number. See the article about for more details.

Recreation places

The harsh climate does not allow swimming in the ocean. But on the coast, in the bays of Lapataya and Ensenada, you can admire huge albatrosses and petrels.

Treatment in the city

There are no clinics or sanatoriums here. Tourists coming here can enjoy clean air and natural beauty.

What to bring

Common souvenirs from Tierra del Fuego include woolen knitwear, chocolate and handicrafts made from local raw materials. In addition, Ushuaia is a tax-free zone, so you can buy many products here at very low prices. low prices. There are several breweries in Ushuaia that make good beer.

What and where to eat

Typical local dishes these are lamb and black hake, as well as king (Kamchatka) crab. You can try all this in one of the many restaurants.

You should not eat shellfish found on local beaches– it is poisonous due to red tide.

Entertainment and attractions

Almost all the attractions are here natural origin. One of the most important is National Park Tierra del Fuego with an area of ​​63 thousand hectares. It is located on the border with Chile. The terrain here is predominantly mountainous, and in the valleys you can see many streams and glacial lakes. It preserves rare species of trees and animals: beavers, red foxes, otters.

In summer you can do here walking tours, and in winter skiing. 30 km from the city is located ski resort, where you can ride from June to October.

Weather by month in Ushuaia (land of fire)

The weather here is very changeable and depends on the prevailing winds. Ingoda it changes several times a day. The average temperature in January is about 10ºC, although sometimes the air warms up to 23ºC. At this time, you can observe white nights here, when the day lasts up to 18 hours. The coldest months of the year are July and August from average temperature+1ºC. Spring is usually very windy.

Detailed map of Ushuaia (land of fire)

The sun's rays, passing through transparent bodies, heat them very weakly. For this reason, direct sunlight almost does not heat the air of the atmosphere, but heats the surface of the Earth, from which heat is transferred to the adjacent layers of air. As the air heats up, it becomes lighter and rises, where it mixes with colder air, in turn heating it.

As the air rises, it cools. At an altitude of 10 km, the temperature constantly remains at around 40-45 °C.

A decrease in air temperature with height is a general pattern. However, an increase in temperature is often observed as one rises upward. This phenomenon is called temperature inversion, i.e. by rearranging temperatures.

Inversions occur either when the earth's surface and surrounding air rapidly cool, or, conversely, when heavy cold air flows down mountain slopes into valleys. There this air stagnates and displaces warmer air up the slopes.

During the day, the air temperature does not remain constant, but continuously changes. During the day, the Earth's surface heats up and heats the adjacent layer of air. At night, the Earth radiates heat, cools, and the air cools. Most low temperatures are observed not at night, but before sunrise, when the earth's surface has already given up all the heat. Similarly, the highest air temperatures are set not at noon, but around 3 p.m.

At the equator daily temperature variation monotonous, day and night they are almost the same. The diurnal amplitudes are very small in the seas and near sea ​​coasts. But in deserts during the day the surface of the earth often heats up to 50-60 °C, and at night it often cools down to 0 °C. Thus, daily amplitudes here exceed 50-60 °C.

In temperate latitudes greatest number solar radiation reaches the Earth on the days of the summer solstices, i.e. June 22 in the Northern Hemisphere and December 21 in the Southern. However, the hottest month is not June (December), but July (January), since on the day of the solstice a huge amount of radiation is spent on heating the earth's surface. In July (January) radiation decreases, but this decrease is compensated by the strongly heated earth's surface.

Likewise, the coldest month is not June (December), but July (January).

At sea, due to the fact that the water cools and warms up more slowly, the temperature shift is even greater. Here is the most hot month August, and the coldest is February in the Northern Hemisphere and, accordingly, the hottest is February and the coldest is August in the Southern Hemisphere.

Annual amplitude temperatures largely depend on the latitude of the place. Thus, at the equator the amplitude remains almost constant throughout the year and amounts to 22-23 °C. The highest annual amplitudes are characteristic of territories located in mid-latitudes in the interior of continents.

Any area is also characterized by absolute and average temperatures. Absolute temperatures established through long-term observations at weather stations. Thus, the hottest (+58 °C) place on Earth is in the Libyan Desert; the coldest (-89.2 °C) is in Antarctica at the Vostok station. In the Northern Hemisphere, the lowest temperature (-70.2 °C) was recorded in the village of Oymyakon in Eastern Siberia.

Average temperatures determined as the arithmetic mean of several thermometer indicators. So, to determine the average daily temperature, measurements are made at 1; 7; 13 and 19 hours, i.e. 4 times a day. From the obtained figures, the arithmetic mean is found, which will be the average daily temperature of the given area. Then find the monthly averages and average annual temperatures as the arithmetic mean of daily and monthly averages.

On the map you can mark points with the same temperature values ​​and draw lines connecting them. These lines are called isotherms. The most indicative isotherms are January and July, i.e. the coldest and warmest months of the year. Isotherms can be used to determine how heat is distributed on Earth. In this case, clearly expressed patterns can be traced.

1. The highest temperatures are not observed at the equator, but in tropical and subtropical deserts, where direct radiation predominates.

2. In both hemispheres, temperatures decrease from tropical latitudes to the poles.

3. Due to the predominance of the sea over land, the course of isotherms in the Southern Hemisphere is smoother, and the temperature amplitudes between the hottest and coldest months are smaller than in the Northern Hemisphere.

Those who want to go even to the ends of the world are unlikely to realize that they mean Tierra del Fuego. The archipelago is located in the very south of South America and has about 40 thousand islands of different sizes and shapes. This strange name the territory was given to the navigator. When in 1520 he sailed to the islands, he saw numerous Indian fires, which he mistook for volcanic vents.

Today, Tierra del Fuego is divided between two countries: Argentina and Chile. The first got the southern part, and the second the rest of the territory. The northern part of the archipelago is in many ways similar to Patagonia, and further south the nature becomes poorer, mountain landscapes covered with glaciers appear. The climate here is quite cool throughout the year, so it is very difficult to call this archipelago a resort. Tierra del Fuego, despite this, every year attracts more and more people who want to be alone with nature, away from civilization.

No one will be bored here, because you can go fishing, go for a walk or go on a cruise. The guides have developed numerous routes along which you can go to the mountains to admire the surrounding landscapes. It is suggested to walk or ride horses or motorcycles. There are also ski slopes here, so fans of this sport will certainly enjoy Tierra del Fuego.

You can get acquainted with local architecture, historical and cultural monuments, admire the flora and fauna of these places. When planning to go on vacation, many tourists confuse the Earth’s belt of fire with the southernmost archipelago due to similar names. The edge of the world differs in many ways from other places on the planet, so it’s really worth visiting here at least once.

You should definitely visit the regional museum Fin del Mundo and the museum located in the city prison, both are located in the very southern city planets - Ushuaia. It is also recommended to take a boat trip along the Beagle Channel, named after Charles Darwin's ship. Tierra del Fuego gave the scientist the opportunity to conduct important research that became the basis of evolutionary theory. You should definitely go on a cruise to the islands inhabited by Arctic birds, Magellanic penguins. You can get a lot of impressions from walking around National Park, which has no analogues in the whole world.

Having visited the archipelago, it is worth going around Cape Horn, in the coastal waters of which the whole rests. This should be done from November to March, then the weather is not too stormy. It will be interesting to repeat the route of Charles Darwin; for this you need to hire a guide with a boat, having previously insured them and yourself at the same time. In restaurants you need to try the centolya dish, you won’t find anything like it anywhere else.

To confidently tell everyone that you have been to the very edge of the world, you need to go to Puerto Toro, a fishing village where about 50 old-timers live. Tierra del Fuego hides a lot of interesting things. To lift the veil of secrets, you just need to come here and get to know the local