Catherine's Palace in Kolomenskoye. Kolomenskoye, Alexey's palace: photos and history. Historical reconstruction of the palace of Alexei Mikhailovich

Greetings, dear readers!

Today I invite you to visit the Palace of Alexei Mikhailovich in Kolomenskoye. The Palace of Alexei Mikhailovich in Kolomenskoye was built by order of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich in 1667 - 1672.

The name of Alexei Mikhailovich is associated with the further strengthening and development of the Sovereign's court in Kolomenskoye, the transformation of Kolomenskoye into the most

ceremonial royal country residence.

On May 3, 1667, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich was present at the foundation stone of the palace. The palace was built from wood - the most beloved and widespread material in Russia. People believed that living in a wooden house was “warmer, healthier and more fun.”

Palace of Alexei Mikhailovich in Kolomenskoye photo

The palace of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich in Kolomenskoye is considered the pinnacle of Russian wooden architecture; the best craftsmen from all over Rus' were gathered to build the palace.

The French composer G. Berlioz, in a letter to V. Odoevsky in 1868, wrote: “I saw a lot, admired a lot, was amazed at a lot, but ancient Rus' - the one that appeared before us in Kolomensky’s monuments - is from the realm of what I saw the most amazing thing.”

To paint the royal palace, by decree of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, icon painters and grass painters from the Kremlin Armory were sent to Kolomenskoye, the best masters from different corners Russia - Pskov and Novgorod, Kostroma and Yaroslavl, Vologda and Veliky Ustyug.

In Kolomenskoye, the wooden palace was a traditional wooden building, which consisted of many buildings connected by vestibules and passages. This type of building was called a mansion or mansion building.

The men's half of the palace consisted of the royal tower, the prince's tower, and the Dining Chamber. The women's half of the palace consisted of the tower of the queen and princesses. In total, the palace had 26 towers, some 20 - 30 meters high, as well as 270 rooms.

The wooden palace stood in Kolomenskoye for 100 years. After the death of Alexei Mikhailovich, his children - Tsar Fyodor Alekseevich, Tsarevna Sophia, Tsars Ivan Alekseevich and Pyotr Alekseevich visited their father’s beloved estate less and less often. With the transfer of the capital to St. Petersburg, the importance of Moscow and Moscow region palaces gradually decreases. And in 1767, by decree of Empress Catherine II, the dilapidated royal mansions were dismantled and a new palace was built on the banks of the Moscow River, which was badly damaged during the War of 1812.

In 2007 - 2010, the Palace of Alexei Mikhailovich of the 17th century was recreated and inaugurated on the territory former village Dyakov in the south-eastern part of the territory of the Kolomenskoye Museum.

The recreated Palace of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich in Kolomenskoye reflects the art and life of the most vibrant period of the Muscovite kingdom, which combined the art of pre-Petrine Rus' with the art Western Europe. The palace features state rooms for ceremonial receptions, feasts and private chambers for members of the royal family.

Excursion in the palace - all guides in ancient Russian clothes:

Palace of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich in Kolomenskoye

Painted herbs and flowers, motifs of expensive oriental fabrics, landscapes and portraits of historical figures were used in the painting of the palace premises. They cover walls, doors, ceilings, creating a fantastic fairy-tale world.

So, we enter the mansions of the king and princes, into the men’s half of the palace:

Canopy in front of the Dining Chamber:

Dining Chamber - the exhibition “The Tsar’s Feast in the Dining Chamber of Alexei Mikhailovich’s Palace” is now open here:

In the interior exhibition halls of the Alexei Mikhailovich Palace - Exhibition project “Secrets of Harmony” of the Vyacheslav Zaitsev Fashion Museum:

Fragment of the painting of the ceiling and walls in the Dining Room:

Tiled stove in the Duma Chamber. Reconstruction based on 17th century tiles:

Throne Chamber. Fragment of ceiling painting on scenes from the Old Testament. Plafond “Song of Songs of King Solomon”:

In the room of Tsarevich Fyodor Alekseevich:

In the office of Peter I:

Soap room - bath room:

The golden decoration of the palace - wall paintings, doors of the royal chambers:

Currently, life is in full swing at the Alexei Mikhailovich Palace in Kolomenskoye - there are permanent displays and exhibitions, as well as many new exhibition projects.

The “Theatrical Hall” of the Alexei Mikhailovich Palace hosts concerts, festivals, musical evenings, and festive events.

Watch the video - virtual tour through the halls of the palace:

Palace of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich

All this beauty needs to be seen. Come to the Kolomenskoye Museum, visit the Palace of Alexei Mikhailovich in the Kolomenskoye wooden palace and you will learn a lot of new and interesting things, discover the beauty and customs Ancient Rus', you will see the eighth wonder of the world of the 17th century.

Territory of the recreated wooden palace Alexey Mikhailovich in Kolomenskoye is located near the Kashirskaya metro station.

Address of the Alexey Mkhailovich Palace in Kolomenskoye:

Moscow, 2nd street Dyakovo-Gorodishche, 27

Alexey Mikhailovich Palace in Kolomenskoye how to get from the city center:

Kashirskaya metro station on the Zamoskvoretskaya line, then exit into the city following the signs to the Kolomenskoye Museum-Reserve.

Enjoy your travels and have a great mood!
See you on the pages of the site!

"The king looks like a morel, has a head like a fist,
And the amount of malice in him is enormous." (L. Filatov)

Alexei Mikhailovich Quiet is the second Russian Tsar from the Romanov dynasty (1645 - 1676), son of Mikhail Fedorovich and his second wife Evdokia, father of Peter the Great.

The palace of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich in Kolomenskoye is a monument to the art and life of the last, most vibrant period of the Muscovite kingdom, in which modern Russia has its roots.

In 1667-1668. Alexey Mikhailovich built a magnificent wooden palace (100 meters long, 80 meters wide and 50 meters high), which became the personification of all the achievements of Russian architecture of that time.

The single complex of the Sovereign's courtyard included wooden mansions with the house Kazan church, Sytny, Kormovoy, Khlebny or Khlebenny courtyards or palaces, Order chambers, Colonel's chambers and guardhouses.

The sovereign's courtyard was surrounded by a fence with 3 gates: Front, Back and Garden. Gardens were laid out around it, surrounded by a high fence.

This intricately decorated system of buildings was erected not for the convenience of the royal family, but to impress foreign guests with its pomp. And it was successful, and Simeon of Polotsk even called Kolomna Palace“most marvel”, that is, the eighth wonder of the world.

But after the death of Alexei Mikhailovich and the transfer of the capital to St. Petersburg, Kolomenskoye fell into decay. Under Catherine II, the dilapidated palace was dismantled. Catherine wanted to restore the palace, but 56,934 gold rubles turned out to be too much for her. Then careful measurements and inventories of the building were made. It was they who helped in the recent reconstruction of the palace.

It is interesting that the place where Alexei Mikhailovich’s palace stood stood untouched for 300 years. Nothing was built there. And in 2010, the recreated palace of Alexei Mikhailovich was opened. At the same time, the only deviation from the original was the use of a reinforced concrete frame in order to protect the building from fire.

In total, there were 270 chambers in the palace, which were illuminated by 3000 windows. The Kolomna Palace had an asymmetrical layout and consisted of independent and different-sized cells, the size and design of which corresponded to the hierarchical traditions of the family way of life.

On the Front Porch, birthday cakes were distributed on the day of the angel of one of the members of the royal family - an obligatory, important part of the state ceremony, demonstrating the unity of the ruler and his subjects. The decoration of the porch and its architecture enhanced the feeling of solemnity.

The outside facades are decorated with carved platbands with many multi-colored details. When decorating the Kolomna Palace, for the first time in Russian wooden architecture, carved platbands and planking imitating stone were used.

The idea of ​​recreating the palace arose in the museum-reserve back in the 1990s, and was eventually supported by the Moscow Government. But since the past time is in place former palace formed natural complex and centuries-old oaks and linden trees had already grown, it was decided to move construction to the territory former village Dyakovskoye, behind Golosov ravine.

The current building is a life-size model of the Alexei Mikhailovich Palace. Construction was carried out according to drawings made at the behest of Catherine II. However, the new building is not entirely wooden: all structures are monolithic, reinforced concrete, then covered with logs.

The orientation relative to the cardinal points is also broken - the model was rotated 90 degrees around the vertical axis, which completely violated the sacred meaning of the original structure.

Red, or Front, porch - main entrance to any royal palace. According to etiquette, only the king could ride up to him on horseback or in a cart; Violation was punishable by severe punishment. In Kolomenskoye, even foreign ambassadors and boyars dismounted in front of the Front Gate of the Sovereign's Court. An elaborate reception ceremony was developed. He demanded that distinguished guests be greeted with due solemnity outside, in front of the house, on one of the landings of the Red Staircase.

At that time, the palace was simply huge. The total building area is over five thousand square meters, and total area premises - more than seven thousand square meters.

At the entrance to the palace there are two cannons from the times of the Northern War. The presence of cannons a few meters from a completely wooden palace, which could catch fire from one match, left me bewildered. Maybe they did not have a combat significance, but gave some kind of solemn signal?

"The king does not sleep and dances until he drops,
And he drinks and carouses until the morning,
And he will barely master the new cup with the Rhine,
The thunder of timpani and trumpets announces
About this feat...." (W. Shakespeare)

Near the palace there is a statue of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. This is a model of a monument made for the city of Baltiysk in 2004 by sculptor Georgy Frangulyan. The Empress looks at Europe and points to Russia with her hand. Elizaveta Petrovna was a brilliant horsewoman, she loved horse riding and even took part in parades on horseback.

To be able to estimate the size of the palace, I am attaching someone else’s photograph from a helicopter.

Fragment of the Moscow metro map. South part green line No. 2

The newly built wooden palace is located near the Kashirskaya metro station. There are signs at the station indicating which way to exit.




The entrance to “Kashirskaya” is located in a separate pavilion, there are no underground passages, so we immediately go out onto the street. On the street in the distance we notice the tops of the palace towers (in summer they are not very visible behind the trees, in winter they are clearly visible).


The direction was found out. Now you need to cross the square along the passage.


And take it to the left, there you can go without crossing, just be careful. We follow the lady to the underground passage under the busy Andropov Avenue.

When exiting the passage, we immediately notice the entrance to the territory of the palace ensemble.

And behind it you can see a copy of the wooden palace of Alexei Mikhailovich.

Is it worth visiting the newly built palace? If we are talking about Tsaritsyno, then no. But the palace of Alexei Mikhailovich is very desirable to visit. The interiors of the wooden palace present us with the life and everyday life of the royal family in its summer residence. The entire palace is filled with royal life of the 17th century. , Where . . What women did, how. The links open detailed articles with illustrations of palace interiors. Of course, the premises will seem empty if you just wander around his chambers. And for some reason the paintings and colors in each room are different. if you want to know more about this, book a tour of the palace or look at the articles on our website.

The historical royal residence of Kolomenskoye lies north of the palace of Alexei Mikhailovich. There are the world famous and recognized by UNESCO, Kazan and St. George churches and many other monuments. The exhibition is also very interesting. And the park in Kolomenskoye is a miracle, how good it is! The most convenient way to get to the park is by trolleybus or bus. The stop is located next to the underground passage, which we used to get here from the Kashirskaya metro station.

From the palace gate, look down the road. Many buses and trolleybus 67 stop here.

The trolleybus will definitely take you to the museum. You need to go two stops, from the Kashirskaya metro station to the Kolomenskoye Museum. Between them there is a stop “On Demand” and the trolleybus does not always stop there. Be careful if bus 901 approaches. It will drag you quite far; this route does NOT stop at the Kolomenskoye Museum stop.

From the Kolomenskoye Museum trolleybus stop you need to go back a little. We follow the young people, they are heading towards Kolomenskoye Park.

After a few tens of meters there is a path leading to the left.

Follow it and you will see the entrance to the park on the left. The young couple in the photo is going exactly where we need it.

Admission is free, the park is open from April to October from 7.00 to 22.00. From November – March 9.00 – 21.00.

We go straight along the main alley.

Having reached the sign, turn right.

First you will notice the beekeeper's house.

Go around the beekeeper's estate and you will see the remains of a white wall.

There is a passage in the wall, people are standing next to it.

This path leads to the house of Peter I.

It’s not far from it to the Front Gate.

The Church of the Ascension is located just outside the Front Gate,

on the high bank of the Moscow River.

It’s better to return to the Kolomenskoye metro station. The central alley of the palace connects the southern (Front) and northern (Back or Household) gates. You will pass by the Kazan Church.

And exit the park through the northern gate.

Here you need to follow the path diagonally, to the northeast, to the wooden counters standing in the distance. On weekends they sell souvenirs and drinks.

Behind the lady in a bright blue dress.

A good reference point is the panel high-rise buildings, the metro station is not far from them. The bottom picture shows one sixteen-story panel building. The lady in blue is heading towards the metro, let's follow her.

You will pass by a low quadrangular building. It is open in it.

The road to the metro leads from the gates of the Kolomenskoye park, past several cafes, an establishment called “Emelya” came into the picture.

Then go straight and at the fork take a left.

The shady alley leads directly to the metro station. In the photo, the entrance to the metro is visible on the left, the supporting wall is painted yellow. And no one has canceled the letter “M” yet :)

And now we will assume that we are not interested, we want to visit a historical one. Then follow the instructions

How to get to Kolomenskoye Park

If you do not live near the park, then the most convenient way to get to the Kolomenskaya metro station.

In the center of the hall there is a sign indicating which way to go.

On the way out, make sure that “you are going the right way, my friend!”

There is another sign in the underground passage, follow it to the left.

And another one tells you to turn right.

You entered the square and in front of you was a multi-storey building. On the left is the Orbita cinema.

Go to the high-rise building, go up the steps,

and follow straight.

The path turns slightly to the left, leading you to where you can see a group of ladies trying on Panama hats.

There will be a row of cafes and eateries on your left, seen behind the blue ice cream stand in the photo.

You can use cafes on the way back, snack bars and cafes in Kolomenskoye are of very dubious quality. Soon you will see the entrance to the park.

The low white building on the left already belongs to the Kolomenskoye Museum. Next, the path leads up a gentle slope.

Follow it and you will soon notice the northern gate.

Immediately behind them is a diagram of the location of the monuments. Tickets to visit them (except for temples) can be bought on site, in museum buildings or in booths next to them.

Finally, one more piece of advice. It is not advisable to start your inspection from the Kolomenskoye estate and then walk or drive to the palace of Alexei Mikhailovich. It's a long walk from the park to both the palace and the metro. On a trolleybus it’s also inconvenient. You need to cross Andropov Avenue twice. But everyone has their own reasons. Have a nice walk! If you have questions or comments, comments are open on this article, don’t hesitate to say a word!

Come to ours. You will learn a lot of interesting things.

We talked about the features of the national cruise on Radisson Royal ships in the article

Kolomna Palace of the Russian Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich– one of the most interesting and significant sights of Moscow with a long history. Since ancient times, the small village of Kolomenskoye near Moscow was chosen by the Russian tsars as a place where they could relax and hunt. Today Kolomenskoye has become part of the expanding Moscow, and the territory of the palace with the park belongs to the “State Architectural Museum-Reserve”. Here, on an area of ​​four hundred hectares, there is not just the Kolomna Palace, but also a lot of other historical buildings: ancient monasteries, beautiful churches, the house of Peter the Great, which, disassembled, was transported here from the city of Arkhangelsk, the mansion of Tsar Fyodor Alekseevich. The reserve includes a park and the virgin nature of these places: ravines and forests stretching to the magnificent embankment of the Moscow River, which allows tourists to get to the royal palace on one of the pleasure boats.

The kings began visiting their estates near Moscow in the village of Kolomenskoye since the fourteenth century, then, on their orders, beautiful churches, towers and the first palace began to be built in the surrounding area. Since the reign of Tsar Vasily the Third, the beautiful Temple of the Ascension, built in 1532, has appeared here. Tsar Ivan the Terrible loved to visit Kolomenskoye. But the Russian Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich especially appreciated the rest here, and he ordered to rebuild old palace, whose housewarming was celebrated in September 1640. He was able to instill a love for Kolomensky in his son, the heir to the Russian throne, Alexei Mikhailovich, who, being a passionate hunter, constantly came to this country residence. And when he ascended the throne, he ordered a new palace made of wood to be built in place of the old one. Regularly, at the birth of each subsequent child, and the tsar had sixteen of them, from both spouses, Alexei Mikhailovich ordered new premises to be built. In 1667, the tsar decided to replace the “system of towers with transitions” with a complete ensemble, and he ordered this to ordinary working people - carpenters Semyon Petrov and Ivan Mikhailov, and entrusted the finishing to the icon painter Simeon Ushakov.

In August 1672, the Kolomna Palace was built and consecrated. In 1673, master Pyotr Vysotsky designed the gate tower with a clock and built the mechanics of roaring lions. It was a real masterpiece of Russian architecture, huge complex structures “Sovereign Yard”, which included wooden mansions, the Kazan Church, the Sytny, Kormovoy, and Khlebny courtyards, the Prikazny and Colonel’s chambers, and the guardhouse building. The palace of Alexei Mikhailovich in Kolomenskoye was often called the Russian “Eighth Wonder of the World,” which amazed with its internal and external beauty and luxury.

In the eighteenth century, the capital of Russia was moved from Moscow to St. Petersburg, and the Kolomna Palace lost its former significance, the beautiful building gradually began to fall into disrepair. In 1767, by order of the Russian Empress Catherine II the Great, the Kolomna Palace was dismantled, after taking measurements of each detail, making drawings and a model. And only thanks to these measures taken by the wise and far-sighted empress, after some time the palace in Kolomenskoye was restored in great detail, so that any tourist could again enjoy the beauty of the ancient royal mansion.

The initiative to restore the historical masterpiece was taken by the artist-restorer P. Baranovsky, who in 1923 made a proposal to the authorities to establish a “museum under open air", telling about the achievements of wooden architecture in Russia. The restoration began with the restoration of the house of Emperor Peter the Great in Kolomenskoye, in which he lived when he supervised the construction of the fortress in Arkhangelsk, the Vodovzvodnaya Tower, the Fryazhsky cellar, the Temple of St. George and its bell tower, and only in 1990 the turn came to the reconstruction of the summer royal residence - Kolomenskoye Palace of Alexei Mikhailovich.

The royal mansions had to be built from scratch, focusing on old lithographs, drawings, drawings, measurements of interiors and exteriors. But since on the former site of the royal palace there were oaks and linden trees that had grown over the centuries, they decided to move the reconstruction of the building to the village of Dyakovskoye. Construction of the Kolomna Palace was completed by 2010. Visually, the palace retained its historical appearance, but modern materials and technologies were used during construction: the wood was replaced by a reliable reinforced concrete structure, which was only lined with logs. The orientation of the palace relative to the cardinal directions has also changed, however, we have a unique opportunity to get acquainted with the interiors as they were under the Russian tsars, to visit the chambers of the tsar, queen, and the chambers of their children.

The most interesting thing is to visit the Kolomna Palace as part of excursion group. The excursion starts with an introduction to his male half; it is led by a female guide dressed in traditional national Russian clothing - a long sundress and a kokoshnik on her head. During this time, they will take you through all the palace premises, they will tell you a lot of interesting things about its construction, about the interior and its objects, about a number of historical facts about the life of the king.

Dining chamber of the Kolomna Palace– a very impressive place with luxurious decoration, where many centuries ago it was customary to celebrate family and church holidays, welcome foreigners, and hold important palace ceremonies. Since Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, nicknamed the Quietest, was a very pious man, he strictly observed all fasts, so feasts with him were rare, one or two dishes were served on the royal table every day, and only during special events, the table was set with seven dozen different treats . During such events, it was an honor to sit as close to the king as possible; the boyars often fought for such a place.

Duma Chamber- a reception place located at the royal chambers, where salaries were paid, awards were presented, and the king also received petitions from the population and boyars. Most often, meetings of the Boyar Duma met here.

Throne Chamber- played the role of the “Throne Hall”, in contrast to the Duma Chamber, where the tsar held councils with the boyars, here he held ceremonial receptions for ambassadors from other countries. The walls and ceiling of this chamber are covered with bright paintings, the windows and doors are decorated with elegant gilded carvings. There are expensive oriental carpets on the floor, magnificent lamps hanging on the walls, and beautiful painted furniture in the hall. In addition, the royal throne of Alexei Mikhailovich in the Kolomensky Palace was guarded by two movable mechanical lions capable of roaring.

Royal bedchamber– a small room with a small bed, which, in our opinion, would be suitable for a child. The fact is that it was previously believed that sleeping lying down was mortally dangerous, since blood could rush to the head, so noble people of that time slept half-sitting. Other furniture in the bedroom includes benches, chests of drawers, and chests. It was customary to lay carpets and set a clock in the bedchamber. There were only a small number of icons here, but there was always a worship cross and images hung in the “red corner” and above the entrance doors.

Prayer chamber- a room that belonged to the royal private chambers, where the sovereign performed prayers at the iconostasis. Priests and clerks served here. In addition to icons, there was furniture necessary for performing church rites - lecterns for books.

Palace soap shop– bathhouse, with its corresponding attributes. There were four of them in the Kolomensky Palace, and the largest was the one that was located near the prince’s tower. It was decided to reconstruct it. In the corner there is a tiled stove with a closed heater. Along the wall there is a shelf - a bath ladder, in the form of a podium; along the other walls there are benches for washing. Previously, hay made from aromatic herbs was laid out on the shelves with benches, and it was covered with sheets. In the center of the soap room there is a wooden bathtub, equipped with a bench and with sheets inside, where the king used to wash. The water for washing was in tubs and tubs; it was heated by hot stones, which were taken out of the stove and thrown into the water. Hair was washed with lye, which was stored in copper basins. Above the entrance door to the soap shop there is an icon of the Mother of God “Life-Giving Spring”.

We talked only about a small part of the premises of the palace in Kolomenskoye, which tourists visit during their excursion. This is a very interesting immersion into the life of antiquity, because, despite the recent reconstruction, the interiors of the mansion were recreated very accurately and carefully. By studying the palace interiors, you can learn a lot about the personal and official life of the Russian tsars and their family relationships. It is especially interesting in the Kolomensky Palace in Moscow during the Christmas and Maslenitsa holidays, there are funny theatrical performances, sleigh rides, and guests are entertained with other ancient Russian entertainment.

How to get to the Kolomna Palace of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich in Moscow?

It is located at the address: Moscow, Andropov Avenue, building 39, building 69. You can get there by metro to Kashirskaya station, then, exiting the metro, cross Kashirskoye Shosse with Andropov Avenue, and you are there.

Ticket price to the Kolomensky Palace and its territory:

Entrance to the territory of Kolomensky Park is free, exhibitions are paid. The exposition is open every day, except Monday. In general, the palace is divided into halves - male and female. In terms of price, a ticket to examine the male half for an adult costs two hundred and fifty rubles, a discounted ticket costs one hundred and twenty rubles; for examination of the female half - one hundred and fifty rubles, preferential one hundred and twenty rubles. If you buy a general ticket for four hundred rubles and a reduced ticket for two hundred rubles, you have the right to a full tour of the palace. Plus a separate payment for photography - one hundred and ten rubles. A tour of the palace is available to tourists who have purchased only a full ticket.

Opening hours of the Kolomensky Palace in Moscow: from ten in the morning to six in the evening. The ticket office closes one hour before the museum closes.

The country palace of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich in Kolomenskoye is an ensemble of exceptional beauty and splendor, an outstanding work of Russian wooden architecture XVII century, contemporaries called it the “Eighth Wonder of the World.” 26 towers with green roofs in the form of tents, “barrels” and “bulbs”, around which porches, galleries,
requiring walking around and inspection from all sides.

Alexei Mikhailovich Quiet is the second Russian Tsar from the Romanov dynasty (1645 - 1676), son of Mikhail Fedorovich and his second wife Evdokia, father of Peter the Great.
The palace of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich in Kolomenskoye is a monument to the art and life of the last, most vibrant period of the Muscovite kingdom, in which modern Russia has its roots.

In 1667-1668. Alexey Mikhailovich built a magnificent wooden palace (100 meters long, 80 meters wide and 50 meters high), which became the personification of all the achievements of Russian architecture of that time. The single complex of the Sovereign's courtyard included wooden mansions with the house Kazan church, Sytny, Kormovoy, Khlebny or Khlebenny courtyards or palaces, Order chambers, Colonel's chambers and guardhouses.




The sovereign's courtyard was surrounded by a fence with three gates: Front, Back and Garden. Gardens were laid out around it, surrounded by a high fence.




This intricately decorated system of buildings was erected not for the convenience of the royal family, but to impress foreign guests with its pomp. And this was a success, and Simeon of Polotsk even called the Kolomna Palace “the most amazing marvel,” that is, the 8th wonder of the world.


But after the death of Alexei Mikhailovich and the transfer of the capital to St. Petersburg, Kolomenskoye fell into decay. Under Catherine II, the dilapidated palace was dismantled. Catherine wanted to restore the palace, but 56,934 gold rubles turned out to be too much for her. Then careful measurements and inventories of the building were made. It was they who helped in the recent reconstruction of the palace.

It is interesting that the place where Alexei Mikhailovich’s palace stood stood untouched for 300 years. Nothing was built there. And in 2010, the recreated palace of Alexei Mikhailovich was opened. At the same time, the only deviation from the original was the use of a reinforced concrete frame in order to protect the building from fire.

In total, there were 270 chambers in the palace, which were illuminated by 3000 windows. The Kolomna Palace had an asymmetrical layout and consisted of independent and different-sized cells, the size and design of which corresponded to the hierarchical traditions of the family way of life.

On the Front Porch, birthday cakes were distributed on the day of the angel of one of the members of the royal family - an obligatory, important part of the state ceremony, demonstrating the unity of the ruler and his subjects. The decoration of the porch and its architecture enhanced the feeling of solemnity.

The outside facades are decorated with carved platbands with many multi-colored details. When decorating the Kolomna Palace, for the first time in Russian wooden architecture, carved platbands and planking imitating stone were used.

The current building is a life-size model of the Alexei Mikhailovich Palace. Construction was carried out according to drawings made at the behest of Catherine II. However, the new building is not entirely wooden: all structures are monolithic, reinforced concrete, then covered with logs.

Front porch of the Palace of Alexei Mikhailovich

The Red, or Front, porch is the main entrance to any royal palace. According to etiquette, only the king could ride up to him on horseback or in a cart; Violation was punishable by severe punishment. In Kolomenskoye, even foreign ambassadors and boyars dismounted in front of the Front Gate of the Sovereign's Court. An elaborate reception ceremony was developed. He demanded that distinguished guests be greeted with due solemnity outside, in front of the house, on one of the landings of the Red Staircase.

Main entrance to the mansion

Fragment of the front doors of the palace of Alexei Mikhailovich

At that time, the palace was simply huge. The total building area is over five thousand square meters, and the total area of ​​premises is more than seven thousand square meters.

Interiors of the palace in Kolomenskoye

At the entrance to the palace there are two cannons from the times of the Northern War. The presence of cannons a few meters from a completely wooden palace, which can catch fire from one match, is perplexing. Maybe they did not have a combat significance, but gave some kind of solemn signal?

Near the palace there is a statue of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. This is a model of a monument made for the city of Baltiysk in 2004 by sculptor Georgy Frangulyan. The Empress looks at Europe and points to Russia with her hand. Elizaveta Petrovna was a brilliant horsewoman, she loved horse riding and even took part in parades on horseback.

statue of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna

Inside, each room has mica windows from the 17th century. The transparent mineral mica was often used to glass the windows of temples and palaces. Glass in those days was quite thick and did not transmit light well, and Russian mica was considered the best in the world. In addition, household members tried not to look out the windows, fearing the “evil eye.”

Stained glass windows of the palace in Kolomenskoye

Room (office) of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich

Room (office) of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. The sovereign spent most of the day in this room. He could admit members of the nearby Boyar Duma here, but first of all the room served as a place of solitude. Here the tsar was engaged in state affairs, wrote letters and notes, and “edited documents with his own hands.”

Cabinet-cabinet – reconstruction, imitation of an Italian cabinet from the early 17th century.

In the 17th century, the word cabinet was used to describe a piece of furniture - a special cabinet with many drawers, secret and not so, for storing various writing items. Cabinets were invented in Italy at the turn of the 14th-15th centuries. Gradually, the fashion for such cabinets spread throughout Europe. Since cabinets were located in study rooms, they also began to be called cabinets. The cabinet in the palace room is a reconstruction, an imitation of an Italian cabinet from the early 17th century.

Chess and checkers sets

Alexey Mikhailovich was very fond of quiet games - chess, checkers, he was a wonderful family man, he played these games with his sons. Sets of chess and checkers were specially purchased in the 17th century for the Kolomna Palace.

The reading circle in Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich's room is marked by copies of books and manuscripts (the originals of which are stored in the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts). Among them is the Gospel, obligatory for an Orthodox person, printed at the Moscow Printing Yard in 1663. Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich used glasses to work with books and papers.

The walls are decorated with leather wallpaper. Such wallpaper was usually made by Italians, later they began to be made in Turkey. In the Kolomna Palace the wallpaper is Turkish, although in the 17th century it should have been Italian. The arrangement of the icons in the office is curious. Usually icons were hung in the red corner. But if there were a lot of them in the chambers and there was not enough space in the red corner, then they could be hung on all the walls where there was space. In the “room” they used exactly this kind of hanging of icons. All icons presented here date back to the 17th century. The icon of the holy princes, passion-bearers and martyrs Boris and Gleb is not located here by chance. The palace was founded on May 3, 1667 - on the day of remembrance of Saints Boris and Gleb.

fragment of a tiled stove

Room of Tsarevich Fyodor Alekseevich

The room of Tsarevich Fyodor Alekseevich. Fyodor, the ninth child of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, was born sickly. They did not have much hope for him as a future ruler. But in 1676, the sixteen-year-old prince was crowned king in place of his father who unexpectedly died. Fyodor Alekseevich became a very active sovereign and during his short six-year reign he managed to change a lot in Russian society.

Window fragment

Fragment of a tiled stove

Chandelier fragment

They say that Fyodor Alekseevich was in poor health. But this is not true. In the sovereign's chamber stands western armor and halberds. This is not only a hint at military reform. In childhood, among the toys of both Alexey Alekseevich and Fyodor Alekseevich there were some funny armor. Western weapons introduced the heirs to Western culture, Western civilization.

Cabinet of Peter I

The walls are covered with green cloth. It, like red, was the most favorite for a tent outfit. The room is illuminated by simple rectangular windows with small Dutch frames. There is an authentic Dutch cabinet here, and in it there is real Dutch crockery from the turn of the 17th-18th centuries.

The window glass is opaque. The glass rolling mill had not yet been invented. The glassblower blew a large bubble and rolled it with a rolling pin. The result was an uneven wavy surface. There are manuscripts and books on the table. The manuscripts are facsimile copies of the handwriting of Peter I himself. The tsar’s handwriting was terrible, however, like that of his father and his elder brother. Two books are very characteristic of Peter the Great's era. These are “Arithmetic” by Leonty Magnitsky and “General Geography”.

In the office of Peter I. Fragment of a tiled stove. The stove in Peter's room is a historical reconstruction. It is decorated with modern tiles made according to the model of early Peter the Great. These tiles date back to the first decade of the 18th century.

In the office of Peter I. Portrait of Catherine I

The portrait depicts Catherine I. Ekaterina Alekseevna, Marta Skavronskaya, a Livonian either a peasant or a city dweller, who was destined to become the All-Russian Empress. Her portrait was placed here because it was in the Kolomna Palace that Ekaterina Alekseevna gave birth to Peter’s daughter, Elizaveta Petrovna. It is unknown in what exact room Catherine gave birth; perhaps, according to the old Russian custom, it took place in a soap shop.

Canopy in front of the Dining Chamber

The canopy in front of the Dining Chamber is a kind of pantry from which the royal feasts were served. Here they put everything that was later served on the tables: from Sytny Dvor - vessels with wines, beer, honey and kvass; from Khlebny Dvor - rolls, loaves, pies; From the Feed Yard, before the start of the feast, there were jugs of vinegar and lemon pickle.

The king's dining chamber

The dining chamber is the largest, ceremonial and solemnly decorated room of the palace. The most important palace ceremonies took place in the chamber. Foreign guests were received here, family and church holidays were celebrated, and a reception could be held in honor of an important appointment.

"The guests in the palace are like seeds in a cucumber. One is from Sweden, the other from Greece,
The third one is from Hawaii - and give everyone something to eat! One - lobster, the other - squid,
The third one gets sardines, but there is only one earner!”

Food and drink were served on the royal table following court ritual. Each dish was tried many times for fear of poison or spoilage. When leaving the kitchen, the cook tasted the dish in the presence of the solicitor; the housekeepers accepted the dishes from him (each individual dish) and carried it to the palace under the guard of the solicitors.

Royal feast

Serving the dishes to the stern supply, the housekeepers tried each from their own dish; finally, the butler (head of the Order) tried the food Grand Palace, responsible for products for royal table) and gave it to the steward to “carry before the sovereign.” Before serving, the food was tasted by the kravchiy, and the drinks by the chashnik.

Tiled stove in the Dining Room. Reconstruction based on 17th century tiles

Fragment of the painting of the ceiling and walls in the Dining Chamber

Duma Chamber

The Duma Chamber served as a place for senior officials (boyars) to wait for the royal exit, or for an invitation to even more solemn and important chambers.
In terms of design, this chamber is very similar to the canopy in front of the dining room, the same carvings, the same tent cloth outfit, the same wall benches traditional for Rus'.

Fragment of a tiled stove in the Duma Chamber.
Reconstruction based on 17th century tiles

The Throne Chamber served as the Throne Room in the royal palaces. The Emperor sat on this throne. Below are two golden lions. They are with a secret. Alexey Mikhailovich was a great lover of mechanics and, on his orders, for the amusement of the guests, mechanical lions were installed near the throne, which shook their heads and sparkled their eyes, which led to the “slight” surprise of foreigners to the great pleasure of the Russian Tsar.

Fragment of ceiling painting on scenes from the Old Testament

The female half of the palace was arranged for the queen. Alexey Mikhailovich was married twice. In 1648, the tsar married Maria Miloslavskaya. Until her death, the tsar was an exemplary family man; they had 13 children, including the future tsars Fyodor and Ivan, as well as the princess ruler Sophia.

After the death of Maria Miloslavskaya, Alexey Mikhailovich in 1671 married Natalya Naryshkina, a relative of the nobleman Artamon Matveev, who began to exert great influence on the monarch. The young wife bore the Tsar three children and, in particular, the future Emperor Peter I.

Blue drawing room of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna

Recreated blue drawing room of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. The daughter of Emperor Peter I, Elizabeth, was born in 1709. As children, he and his sister Anna spent a lot of time in the royal “moscow suburbs” (there was even a legend about the birth of Elizabeth in Kolomenskoye). In 1741, the daughter of Peter the Great, relying on the guard, managed to ascend to the throne.

Elizabeth Petrovna's chambers

In the hall there are portraits of Elizabeth Petrovna, Peter the Great and the Swedish king of that time. The emperors considered each other brothers and kept images of the monarchs of other states who ruled at the same time as them. The walls are decorated with damask wallpaper, created specifically for this room according to ancient samples.

Elizaveta Petrovna’s room represents the Baroque era, the classical Baroque of the 18th century. "Triumph of Mars and Venus" is written on the ceiling. The chandelier is made from Venetian glass, it is modern, but stylized in the 18th century.

The chandelier is made of Venetian glass, it is modern, but stylized in the 18th century.

The room reflects the era of Elizabeth Petrovna. She was born in Kolomenskoye. And she often came here before and after the coronation. Perhaps during her reign some of the chambers were painted in a similar way. Although this room is not particularly suitable for such pomp. For a luxurious baroque it is small and low. The queen was very fond of fruits from Kolomna gardens. Apples and pears sprinkled with rye in a special way were specially delivered to her from Kolomenskoye to St. Petersburg so that they would not spoil along the way.

Queen's throne room

In this chamber the Empress held receptions regarding
- your name day
- birth of an heir, name day of children
- Easter, Christmas and other important holidays.
Women were allowed to these receptions, sometimes men were also present, but in this case the king himself was present at the reception. He stood nearby and could receive elected officials with gifts from different levels of society, not just the nobility. In this chamber there were elected representatives of merchants and townspeople.

Tsaritsyn's Throne Chamber differed significantly from the Tsar's Throne Chamber. The closed lifestyle of the female half of the king’s family and general position Women in the pre-Petrine era did not allow them to see strangers often - in everyday life, the queen was visited only by females, and among men - by close relatives and clergy.

Nevertheless, the queens also arranged audiences: they were visited by people from the Tsarina’s Workshop Chamber, managers and residents of the settlements subordinate to the chamber, the clergy with offerings and requests, as well as other petitioners - queens and princesses often petitioned the king to commute their sentences.

Allegories of the seasons are written on the ceiling. They are made in a very interesting manner. We are accustomed to parts of the world being depicted in female images, but here the four seasons are depicted by men of different ages. Winter is represented as an old man, spring is a young man, almost a boy, autumn is a mature husband, summer is a young man.

Below, in the lower register of the wall, landscapes - lanchaks - appear for the first time in the painting. These are echoes of Western culture, when landscapes appeared in art. At court they knew that they should be depicted, but they didn’t quite understand where, so in the palace they were carefully placed in the lowest tier. In the photo of the oven below you can see one lunchbox.

An icon of the Dormition of the Virgin Mary was chosen for the altar chamber. An embroidered shroud “Golgotha ​​Cross” is suspended under the icon. This embroidery serves as an example of needlework, sewing with pearls by a noble woman of the 17th century. The Empress-Tsarina herself did this kind of sewing.

Queen's workshop

In the workshop chamber, the empress was doing needlework.
This chamber can conditionally be called the “Ministry of Handicrafts”.

The “Tsarina Workshop Chamber” was in charge of gold embroidery workshops in the Kadashevskaya and Khamovnicheskaya settlements of Moscow. The Empress had to give out lessons, i.e. tasks, instructions to workshops and accept their work. If the work was done poorly, then she herself had to show how to do it well. The queen was a craftswoman, the best embroiderer and needlewoman. She had to be able to work brilliantly with a needle.

tiled stove in the Tsarina's workshop chamber

All embroidery work in the Tsarina’s workshop was done for the palace or for the church - embroidered icons, hanging airs, funeral shrouds. There was competition among craftswomen. Each workshop and craftswoman tried to show that they were the best. During the reign of Ivan the Terrible, two workshops competed - Tsaritsyn's, Anastasia Romanova and Efrosinya Staritskaya - the wife of Ivan the Terrible's cousin. Many people then said that the Staritsa workshops were better than Tsaritsyn’s.

Prayer (Chamber of the Cross of the Empress)

Iconostasis in the Cross team, from icons of the 17th century. It is worth paying attention to the icon of Our Lady Hodegetria. It was believed that this icon must be in the queen’s iconostasis. She was also revered in Byzantium.

It is much larger than the men's prayer room. Whether this was actually the case is unknown, but museum workers came up with the idea that all children up to a certain age lived in the queens’ half before they were transferred to separate chambers - the prince’s and the princesses’. There should be enough space in the women's crusade for all the children, but the king, as a rule, prayed in solitude.

Royal bedchamber

As expected, the beds in those days were short, as they slept sitting up so that the blood would not rush to the head (this was considered life-threatening). Access to the room was strictly limited. No one could enter here except the courtiers closest to the king. His bed-keeper spent the night in peace with the sovereign.

Pillars and a canopy were always installed above the bed. Beds in those days were short, people slept on them almost sitting up. If the sovereign deigned to rest with the empress, then he went to the queen’s half. Even if the queen was in this bedchamber, she did not stay overnight. Chests. The most protected part of the royal property, called the white treasury, was kept in them. The white treasury or linen treasury is underwear and bed linen, as well as towels. Linen was kept better than the eyes, because through it, through what is closer to the body, it was easiest to cause damage.

One day, not in Kolomenskoye, but in the Kremlin, some roots were found in the underwear. And the roots are always a hint of sorcery and witchcraft; potions were made from them. A brutal search was launched to find out where it came from. They found some portomoi who foolishly put them there. They didn’t punish her too much, but they dismissed her from palace service and, just in case, sent her to some northern city, like Kargopol. Also, just in case, the bed staff was changed. Thrift is what it is.

Cross Chamber - private room for the sovereign’s prayer

There were several cross chambers in the palace. Each adult family member necessarily had his own separate chamber of the cross. The morning and evening prayer rules were performed there. Alexey Mikhailovich was distinguished by his piety and such pious deeds took about 5-6 hours of his time every day. royal schedule. On major holidays, he spent up to 8-9 hours at services and in prayer. Attending divine services was the direct responsibility of the king. It was believed that if the king prays well, then the country lives well, and if the sovereign neglects these duties, then nothing good should be expected for the country. The chamber of the cross is formed as a kind of special, spiritual, personal space of the person who prayed in this chamber.

Teacher's Chamber

Alexey Mikhailovich was a wonderful family man, the father of 16 children from two marriages. Not all of his children survived, but the sovereign's offspring and heirs were present in considerable numbers in the palace. The king paid great attention to the education and upbringing of his children. Alexey Mikhailovich himself received a traditional ancient Russian education, which consisted of learning reading, writing and church singing.

In the Teacher's Chamber

Soap box and "movie" canopy

"movie" canopy

The soap house includes the “moving” canopy and the soap house itself. In the hallway in front of the soap house they not only undressed, but also rested after the bath, so along the wall there were benches with carved edges and a “wash” bed. In addition to the benches in the hallway in front of the soap house, there were tables, one of which was intended for “wash cooking” (things that were used during washing - caps, sheets, fans, etc.).

in the "movement hallway"

going to the soapbox

IN royal palace the soap room (movnya, movnitsa - the old name for the bathhouse) was arranged in the basement or on the same floor as the living rooms, separated from them by small passages-corridors or vestibules. In the hallway in front of the soap house they not only undressed, but also rested after the bath, so benches with carved edges and a “wash” bed were placed along the wall.

And here is the soapbox itself. Along the wall from the stove to the opposite wall there was a shelf with brackets and a headboard. The higher the step of this unique bath ladder, the hotter it was. Along the other walls there were benches where people washed. Fresh hay with aromatic herbs was laid out on shelves and benches. In the center of the soap house there is a large wooden bathtub with a bench and sheets inside; it was in it that the king washed himself.

If we proceed from traditional ideas about the Russian bathhouse, then the royal soap chamber is quite spacious. However, this is exactly what it was according to the plans of the palace. It is worth paying attention to the floors. The floor in the soap shop is arranged “in a solution”, as it was called in the 17th century. The boards lie quite sparsely with a noticeable distance between them. Lead plates are laid under the floor. They lie tilted so that water flows through the cracks in the floor along these plates.

Tiled stove in the bath room

ALL IN THE GARDEN!...

We leave the palace of Alexei Mikhailovich and go down to the apple orchard.
Of course, none of the current apple trees can remember the king, how much time has passed, but the garden very well complements the atmosphere of the palace.

Both the palace itself and the surrounding gardens were supposed to symbolize a kind of paradise or Eden,
and therefore the apple trees here are not ordinary, but something special, bright red or even burgundy, emitting an amazing aroma. This place has long been called “Dyakovo Settlement”,
the cultural part of it is called “Dyakovsky Garden”, thousands and thousands of apple trees, but these red ones grow only in one place, near the palace.

The palace of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich is a fabulous beauty; the opening of this palace in Kolomenskoye took place in 1672. In the seventeenth century, the original palace in Kolomenskoye aroused great delight among contemporaries, and it was not for nothing that foreign guests called it “the eighth wonder of the world.” He is so beautiful and unusual.

THE PHOTO IS NOT MY!!! Many thanks for the photos provided