Lenin's mountains. Main building of Moscow State University
- (until 1935 Vorobyovy Gory) the name of the steep right indigenous bank of the river. Moscow, in the southwest of Moscow (in the area from the mouth of the Setun River to the Okruzhnaya bridge railway, near Central Park culture and recreation). Height up to 80 m. Folded... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
"Lenin's mountains"- metro station on the Sokolnicheskaya line. Opened in 1959. Architects M.P. Bubnov, A.S. Markelov, M.F. Markovsky, A.K. Ryzhkov, B.I. Thor. The station is located in the lower tier of the metro bridge. The lobbies (architects N.I. Demchinsky, V.I. Aleshina) have... ... Moscow (encyclopedia)
Lenin's mountains- , their mountains. The name of the hill on the right bank of the river. Moscow within the city limits of Moscow (until 1924 Vorobyovy Gory). ITU, vol. 2, 248; BES, 702… Explanatory dictionary of the language of the Council of Deputies
Lenin's mountains - Lenin's mountains, the name of the Sparrow Hills in 192491 ... Dictionary "Geography of Russia"
Leninskie Gory (metro station)- Station " Sparrow Hills» Sokolnicheskaya line of the Moscow metro “Leninskie Gory” before reconstruction (above) and “Vorobyovy Gory” after (below) ... Wikipedia
Sparrow Hills- This term has other meanings, see Vorobyovy Gory (meanings). Historical area in Moscow Vorobyovy Gory ... Wikipedia
Vorobyovy Gory (metro station)- This term has other meanings, see Vorobyovy Gory (meanings). The style of this article is non-encyclopedic or violates the norms of the Russian language. The article should be corrected according to the stylistic rules of Wikipedia... Wikipedia
Sparrow Hills
Sparrow Hills (Moscow)- Slopes of the Vorobyovy Gory Trinity Church on the Vorobyovy Gory Vorobyovy Gory (in 1935 1999 Lenin Hills) name of the area on southwest Moscow, which is the high right bank of the Moscow River (steep cliff of the Teplostan Upland, ... ... Wikipedia
Sparrow Hills- Slopes of the Vorobyovy Gory Trinity Church on the Vorobyovy Gory Vorobyovy Gory (in 1935-1999 Lenin Hills) is the name of an area in the southwest of Moscow, which is the high right bank of the Moscow River (steep cliff of the Teplostan Upland, ... ... Wikipedia
Books
- Moscow. Guide, I. K. Myachin. Guide includes short description flag, coat of arms of the capital, main industrial centers, cultural centers, medicine, as well as division into districts. Routes for tourists are described: Central... Buy for 300 rubles
- Leonid Martynov. Poems, Leonid Martynov. Lifetime edition. Moscow, 1957. Publishing house "Young Guard". Publisher's binding. The condition is good. The collection of Leonid Martynov presents his poems such as “Dream...
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Most of the buildings in the Leninskie Gory microdistrict were built in 1949-1953 and almost all are recognized as objects cultural heritage regional significance. In terms of facade design, they are inferior to the central buildings of the university campus - in appearance, these are ordinary research institutes, of which there are many in the capital. But the list of building names is impressive, emphasizing the diversity of scientific disciplines studied at Moscow State University.
Several streets divide the territory into rectangles - Kolmogorov Street, Academician Khokhlov Street, Academician Samarsky Street, Michurinskaya Alley, Mendeleevskaya Street, Lebedev Street - but all the buildings in the microdistrict are assigned to a single address “Leninskiye Gory, building 1”. There is no system in the numbering of buildings; buildings are scattered chaotically throughout the campus. For example, the Research Institute of Nuclear Physics at number 5 is located near Vernadsky Avenue, and the Institute of Mechanics at number 7 is located near Michurinsky Avenue. And next to the Institute of Mechanics there are buildings numbered 19, 41 and 74.
1958: https://pastvu.com/p/151713
Building of the Research Computing Center (Leninskie Gory, building 1, building 4): Research Computing Center. Now the MSU SCC includes supercomputers “Lomonosov”, “Chebyshev”, “GraphIT!”
1956-1960: https://pastvu.com/p/108062 The Strela electronic computer occupied several rooms.
Building 19 (Leninskie Gory, building 1, building 5): Research Institute of Nuclear Physics is one of the largest research institutes of Moscow State University, which is the base for training students and graduate students of the Faculty of Physics of Moscow State University in the areas of nuclear, atomic physics, and space physics. The initiators of the creation of an institute for training specialists in nuclear physics for work on the Soviet atomic project were Igor Kurchatov and Dmitry Skobeltsyn.
1973-1975: https://pastvu.com/p/40170 20th building (Leninskie Gory, house 1, building 6): laboratory for the study of cosmic radiation of the Scientific Research Institute of Nuclear Physics. In the mid-1950s, Metrostroy forces dug a vertical shaft under the building to a depth of 45 meters, where laboratory equipment was placed. Modern diggers have almost legally visited this mine and found only cut cables, de-energized and broken equipment. Drainage pumps are in working order and periodically pump out water.
The Institute of Mechanics (Leninskie Gory, building 1, building 7 - Michurinsky Prospekt, building 1) was organized in 1959 by a Decree of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR with the aim of developing research work in the field of mechanics, aimed at solving the most important problems of modern technology and improving the training necessary for the people specialist farms. During its existence, the institute has made outstanding contributions to hydroaerodynamics, the mechanics of unsteady processes in gaseous and liquid media, the mechanics of solid deformable bodies, the solution of problems of general mechanics and control processes, biomechanics, and the mechanics of natural processes.
The intersection of Lomonosovsky and Michurinsky prospects. 1974: https://pastvu.com/p/55645 The Institute of Mechanics is visible on the corner, then the Faculty of Biology. In the foreground is the railway track of the University-Matveevskoye line, dismantled by 2003.
Modern Moscow resembles desert island, which pirates dug up in search of treasure. In the summer of 2016, the treasure was searched for on Michurinsky Prospekt opposite the Institute of Mechanics.
Cryogenic building (Leninskie Gory, building 1, building 8): Department of Physics low temperatures and Superconductivity Faculty of Physics
Gas Electrochemistry Building (Leninskie Gory, building 1, building 9): Laboratory of Catalysis and Gas Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow State University
Radiochemistry Building (Leninskie Gory, building 1, building 10): Department of Radiochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow State University
SVD building (Leninskie Gory, building 1, building 11): Department of Chemical Technology and New Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Department of Chemical Enzymology, Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow State University
Biology and Soil Building (Leninskie Gory, building 1, building 12): Faculty of Biology, Faculty of Soil Science.
The Faculty of Biology was organized in 1930 on the basis of the Biological Department of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of Moscow State University. Currently, the faculty is the largest educational and scientific center for training general biologists. The Faculty of Soil Science is a relatively young and dynamically developing department of Moscow University and the largest educational institution this direction in the country's university education system. The faculty trains soil scientists and ecologists - specialists in the research and rational use of land resources, environmental assessment of the state of the natural environment.
Biology department from the windows of the Main building. 1960-1961: https://pastvu.com/p/3203
Botanical Garden. 1960-1962: https://pastvu.com/p/296667 The garden is closed to single free visits, but you can view the plants as part of an excursion group.
“On March 15, 1948, the Council of Ministers of the USSR adopted a resolution on the construction of a complex of new buildings for Moscow University on the Lenin Hills. The creation of an “Agrobotanical Garden” was also planned here. In the first years of the formation of the new Garden, many employees went on business trips and expeditions, as they said, “to get material,” which - living plants and seeds - they brought in large quantities.
More than 5,000 species, varieties and forms of plants present in the garden grow in the main collection areas: in the arboretum, rock garden, taxonomy areas, useful plants, flora Central Russia ornamental plants, in the orchard, as well as in greenhouses,” reports the official website of the Botanical Garden of the Faculty of Biology of Moscow State University http://botsad.msu.ru
Well, in the 19th century, southwest of the village of Vorobyovo there was a cholera town with a cemetery (now it is part of the territory of the Botanical Garden, closer to University Avenue).
There are other attractions from the world of flora on the university territory, for example, sakura near the First Humanitarian Building or an old oak tree on the “Small Lawn” of University Square. They say that this oak became a meeting place for graduates of the geographical and physics faculties of Moscow State University.
Printing house (Leninskie Gory, building 1, building 15)
Mechanical workshops, service buildings, warehouses (Leninskie Gory, building 1, buildings 16, 17, 39)
SAI (Leninskie Gory, building 1, building 18 - University Avenue, building 13): State Astronomical Institute named after. P.K. Sternberg
The first university observatory opened in 1804 on the roof of the main building on Mokhovaya; it burned down during the occupation of Moscow by Napoleon's army. After the war, the merchant Zoy Zosima donated to the university a plot of land near the Presnenskaya outpost, where a stone observatory was built. The first observations of the starry sky began in 1831. Already in Soviet time An astronomical institute was created there, named after Professor Pavel Sternberg. A separate large building was built for him on the Lenin Hills.
1956: https://pastvu.com/p/898 A forest managed to grow on the wasteland, among which a baseball stadium was built. Part of the former wasteland is occupied by outbuildings, hangars, garages.
The current park around the traffic police looks unkempt; the paths to the research instruments are overgrown with grass. Here you feel the touch great history and sadness that the authorities, carried away by new innovative projects such as Skolkovo, forget about the origins of Soviet science.
Female students at a horizontal solar telescope. 1989: https://pastvu.com/p/425434
A building with a sliding roof, where there was an astronomical station wagon, on which Professor Vilen Nesterov experimented with observations in the first vertical.
Tower of the AZT-2 reflecting telescope
The APM-10 passage instrument is used to determine the time of passage of luminaries through some vertical plane, usually a meridian or the first vertical.
Tower of a dismantled telescope, which was sent to Uzbekistan back in Soviet times
Ventkiosk
The Meteorological Observatory (Leninskie Gory, building 1, building 27) was founded in 1954 as an educational and methodological center and scientific base to study the climate of Moscow. The observatory has a unique complex of continuous observations of the ecological and climatic characteristics of the atmosphere, which are carried out on the basis of modern methods in accordance with accepted international and domestic standards.
The observatory monitors numerous meteorological elements around the clock: atmospheric pressure; temperature of air, soil surface and ground at different depths up to 3.2 meters; depth of soil freezing; air humidity indicators; general and low cloudiness; the state of the sun's disk; atmospheric phenomena; amount and duration of precipitation; horizontal visibility range and cloud base; wind speed and direction; duration of sunshine; height of snow cover, etc.
In the foreground are sodars, which are used to measure the structure of vertical turbulence and wind profile in the lower layers of the atmosphere using sound sounding. This device periodically beeps, sending sound vibrations into the atmosphere.
In-patient department of the Faculty of Soil Science (Leninskie Gory, building 1, building 28)
3rd academic building (Leninskie Gory, building 1, building 33): Faculty of Sociology
A few more buildings that can be classified as the oldest:
Hydrology Building (Leninskie Gory, building 1, building 19)
Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology (Leninskie Gory, building 1, building 24)
Vegetation house (Leninskie Gory, building 1, building 24a)
Vivarium (Leninskie Gory, building 1, building 25)
Laboratory of Electron Microscopy at the Faculty of Biology (Leninskie Gory, building 1, building 32)
Of the later Soviet buildings, the 1st Humanitarian Building (Leninskie Gory, building 1, building 51), 1971, stands out. Here are the faculties of history, law, philology, philosophy, some auxiliary premises of the Faculty of Foreign Languages, the Institute of Public Administration and Social Research, as well as one of the largest humanities libraries.
The 2nd academic building (Leninskie Gory, building 1, building 52) was commissioned in 1982, it houses the Faculty of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics, the Higher School of Business, the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, the Faculty of Pedagogical Education, the Center for Intensive Teaching of Foreign Languages, the Preparatory Department .
In 1967, canteen No. 8 opened (Leninskie Gory, building 1, building 44). The food in the dining room was excellent, especially for the professor's hall. They remember that the group “Time Machine” gave concerts here more than once.
In 1971, a grocery store opened (Leninskie Gory, building 1, building 54)
Metro station "University". 1978: https://pastvu.com/p/19167 University metro station opened in 1959. It is located at a decent distance from the main buildings of Moscow State University, since it was impossible to lay travel tunnels closer to the Main Building.
“University” is a rare case when two vestibules, two identical round pucks, were erected at the station. Even at the crowded VDNKh station, which opened a year earlier, metro builders provided only one vestibule. The final scene of the film “I Walk Through Moscow” directed by Georgy Danelia with the participation of Nikita Mikhalkov, Galina Polskikh, Alexey Loktev was filmed in the station hall. “And I’m walking, walking around Moscow...” - “Why are you shouting?” - "I sing." - “Well, sing again!” The most romantic film about Moscow was released in 1963; the frame also included old courtyards, the Garden Ring, GUM, the Intercession Cathedral, and the episodes filmed at the Gorky Central Park of Culture and Culture were especially interesting.
This microdistrict, bounded by Lomonosovsky, Michurinsky prospects, st. Kosygin and Vernadsky Avenue, part of Ramenka.
This article will briefly introduce historical information about this remarkable corner of the capital of Russia, about the Sparrow Hills.
Location
Vorobyovy Gory (in 1924-1991 - Leninsky Gory) are located in the southwestern part of Moscow, opposite sports complex"Luzhniki". Like all Moscow mountains, these do not correspond to this status, because they are simply a hilly part of the bank of the Moscow River (part of the Teplostanskaya Hill), washed away by the current. The Vorobyovy Mountains are one of the seven hills on which the city of Moscow was built. They stretch from the mouth of the river. The southern border of the hills touches Setun all the way to the Neskuchny Garden.
The Vorobyovy Mountains are located almost in the center of the Russian capital, about 5.5 kilometers from the Kremlin, and 13 from the Moscow Ring Road.
Infrastructure, attractions
Here are Lebedeva, Mendeleevskaya, Akademiki Samarskogo and Khokhlova streets, University Square and University Avenue.
On the territory of the region (Lenin Mountains) there are buildings of the famous Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov, the Botanical Garden of Moscow State University and many other historically significant buildings. The Moscow metro stations “University” and “Vorobyovy Gory” are located nearby.
An observation deck rising opposite the Moscow State University skyscraper (the main building), long time was the most popular place holiday for many Moscow residents and guests of the capital. Its height is approximately 80 meters above the river level. Moscow, which allows you to see a breathtaking panorama of the city.
Not far from observation deck On the Sparrow Mountains there is the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity. It miraculously survived the years of struggle against the Nazis. It is unknown when it was erected. But L. N. Tolstoy mentions it in his world-famous novel “War and Peace.”
Story
The history of the origin of this area (Lenin Mountains) goes back to ancient times. Its name comes from the ancient village of Vorobyovo. It is known that Princess Sophia (daughter of the Grand Duke of Lithuania and wife of Prince Vasily I of Moscow) at the end of the 15th century acquired from an Orthodox priest (his nickname Sparrow) a village called Vorobyovo. According to inaccurate data, there is a possibility that this village is the oldest settlement that once existed on the territory of modern Moscow. It turned into the (summer) residence of the Grand Duke, and subsequently the Tsar.
Numerous tourists have been visiting Leninskie for a long time. The view from this place is magnificent. Vorobyovy Gory is a kind of viewing platform for some of the city’s conquerors. From this place he looked at (the Crimean Khan) and Khotkevich (the Polish hetman). In the 17th-18th centuries, at the foot of the Vorobyovy Mountains (northern part) there was a monastery called Andreevsky, and the second half of the 19th century is significant in that this corner gained popularity as a summer cottage area.
It is not known exactly when Vorobyovy Gory was renamed Leninsky Gory. There are 3 dates: 1924, 1935 and 1936. Many historians claim that this happened in memory of V.I. Lenin, in the year of his death. Some argue that the renaming is a result of the construction of a large physical education center in this area. Lenin.
In 1999, the old historical name was officially returned to the mountains. At the same time, the Moscow metro station was also renamed.
Today, the microdistrict, unlike the metro station and the park, has not been renamed Vorobyovy Gory. For example, the address of the main building of the main Moscow University is officially written as follows: Moscow, 119991, Leninskie Gory, Moscow State University, building 1.
Conclusion
The Lenin Mountains were declared in 1987 natural monument. In 1988, the State nature reserve"Sparrow Hills". And today the reserve is engaged in projects whose goal is to protect the heritage (historical and natural) of the city of Moscow. As part of these projects, various environmental tourism routes have been developed, along which excursions are conducted, environmental education is conducted among schoolchildren, and research is conducted.
It should be noted that no construction was ever carried out on the Sparrow Hills and the land was not used for agricultural needs. This is due to the fact that in these places there are large differences in relief, and quite active landslide processes occur.
Today it is difficult to imagine Moscow without the majestic silhouette of the Main Building of the Moscow State University them. M.V. Lomonosov. The largest of the capital's high-rise buildings has been rising on Vorobyovy Gory since 1953. It was this year that the four-year construction of the University Ensemble, designed by architects L. Rudnev, S. Chernyshev, P. Abrosimov and A. Khryakov, was completed. The chief engineer of the project was V.N. Nasonov.
The complex includes 30 main and 20 auxiliary buildings, an observatory, Botanical Garden, forest park, sports town. The area of the complex occupies about 167 hectares.
Main building MSU or GZ (as students and teachers call it) has a broad front facing the center of Moscow. A clear silhouette is visible from the farthest distances. The main building, topped with a spire with a star, rises with giant ledges to a height of 235.7 m. The highest part of the building rises to 36 floors.
During the construction of MSU, a fundamentally new load-bearing system was developed. The developer of the system was the outstanding scientific designer N.V. Nikitin (creator of the Ostankino TV tower). The MSU building stands on a box-shaped foundation, as if “floating” in the ground and ensuring uniform settlement of the building. Original steel frame parts were also developed. The MSU building at that time was the most tall building in Europe.
The 18- and 9-story wings of the dormitories radiate from the Main Building, forming courtyards. Students and graduate students live in the dormitories, corner towers there are apartments for university teachers.
In the central part of the main volume there are two faculties, an assembly hall with 1300 seats, a scientific library, and a museum. The building has high-speed elevators for 20 people. The remaining faculties occupy buildings located near the Main building. Built simultaneously with the central building, they form a single ensemble of the scientific campus.
The towers have giant dials of a clock, barometer and thermometer, which stand out in contrast against the light cladding of the building. For the first time, factory-made cladding panels were used to decorate the building.
On the south side of the building there is a front yard with fountains and flower beds. Here in 1953year a monument to M.V. was erected. Lomonosov by the sculptor N. Tomsky.
Honored Soviet artists and sculptors took part in the decoration of the University Ensemble: N.V. Tomsky, S.T. Konenkov, M.K. Anikushin, E.V. Vuchetich, P.D. Korin, I.M. Toidze and others. The building of Moscow State University on Vorobyovy Gory was and remains a symbol not only of Moscow University, but of all Russian education.
