Presentation of the physical and geographical characteristics of Crimea. Presentation for the lesson "the geographical location of the Republic of Crimea." Questions to compare

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Alexander Pushkin "Tauris. 1821."

Who saw the land where the luxury of nature Revitalized oak groves and meadows, Where the water merrily rustle and sparkle And the peaceful coast caress ...

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Geographical location - this is the position of any geographical object (natural or created by man) relative to the surface of the Earth and in relation to other objects with which it interacts.

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Crimea is an amazing treasury, a natural museum that keeps secrets of millennia. Griboedov

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Crimea on the map

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The Crimean peninsula occupies a relatively small territory - its area is 20 times smaller than the Iberian and Balkan peninsulas, 15 times - Kamchatka and Asia Minor. But the Crimea became famous, significant and attractive in many respects thanks to the peculiarities of its nature, and, above all, to its peculiar geographical position. The southernmost point of Crimea (44 ° 23 ") is Cape Sarych, near the village of Foros, located between Sevastopol and Alupka. The northernmost (46 ° 15") is located on the Perekop Isthmus, near the village of Perekop. The westernmost point of Crimea (32 ° 29 ") is Cape Priboyniy (Kapa-Mpyн) on the Tarkhankut Peninsula. The easternmost (36 ° 39") is Cape Fonar on the Kerch Peninsula. The area of \u200b\u200bthe Crimean peninsula exceeds 26 thousand km2, the maximum distance from north to south is 205 km, from west to east - 325 km.

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Crimea is rightly called a natural pearl. Here, at the junction of temperate and subtropical latitudes, various landscapes were formed, including mountains and plains, ancient volcanoes and modern mud hills, seas and lakes, forests and steppes, stretching from the southern coastal sub-Mediterranean to the semi-desert Sivash ...

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Crimea is located in the latitudinal zone of the globe, equally spaced from the equator and the North Pole (about 5 thousand kilometers). In the north, the peninsula is attached to the mainland by a narrow (7-23km) Perekop Isthmus. From the west and south the peninsula is washed by the Black Sea, from the east - the Kerch Strait (the border with Asia!) And in the northeast - the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov and its Gulf of Sivash.

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CLIMATE of most of Crimea is the climate of the temperate zone: mild steppe - in the lowlands; more humid, characteristic of broad-leaved forests - in the mountains. The southern coast of Crimea is characterized by a sub-Mediterranean climate of dry forests and shrubs.

Crimea, especially its mountainous part, due to its comfortable climate, the saturation of clean air toned with volatile products, sea salts, a pleasant aroma of plants, has a great healing power. The bowels of the earth also contain healing mud and mineral waters.

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Reservoirs of Crimea

In Crimea there are 1657 rivers and temporary streams with a total length of 5996 km. Of these, about 150 rivers are dwarf rivers up to 10 km long. Only the Salgir River has a length of more than 200 km. The river network is developed on the peninsula extremely unevenly. There are also over 300 lakes and estuaries. Almost all are saline and located along the coast, in the low-lying steppe part and several desalinated lakes. Koyashskoe Lake Churbashskoe Chokrakskoye Terekly (Salty) Ak-Mechetskoe Estuary and others.

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MOUNTAINS OF CRIMEA Mount Demerdzhi

The mountain system is formed by three mountain ranges extending from Cape Ayia in the vicinity of Balaklava in the west to Cape St. Elijah at Theodosius in the east. The Crimean mountains are about 160 km long and about 50 km wide. The outer ridge is a series of cuestas, gradually rising to heights of about 350 m. The inner ridge reaches a height of 750 m. The highest point stretching along the southern coast of the Black Sea of \u200b\u200bthe Main ridge - Mount Roman-Kosh with a height of 1,545 m, is located on Babugan-Yayla. Mount Ai-Petri

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The flora of the Crimean peninsula is extremely diverse: according to some sources, it has 2400 wild species of higher plants, according to others - 2775. You can find such plants as: Walnut, Poyarkova hawthorn, beech and others.

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The connection between the uniqueness of the geographical location of Crimea and the unique fauna of the peninsula is no less obvious than for flora, although animals are more dynamic. In addition to the species characteristic of the neighboring southern regions, we everywhere encounter animals of the Mediterranean range on the peninsula. You can meet such animals as: stingray, owl, dolphin, red deer and others.

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Yevpatoriya Diana's Grotto Rock of the Holy Phenomenon Catherine Mile Bay Ocheretay

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Sudak Simeiz Yalta Gurzuf Kerch Sand

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According to the 2001 census, the population of Crimea is 2.031 million people, of which in the four largest cities of the autonomy - Sevastopol (365.8 thousand people), Simferopol (364 thousand people), Kerch (157.2 thousand people .) and Evpatoria (122 thousand people) - 41% live. The proportion of the urban population of Crimea is 63%, living in rural areas - 37% (according to the previous census of 1989, this ratio was 70% to 30%).

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More than 80 nationalities live in Crimea, the most numerous of them are Russians (65-70%), Crimean Tatars (18%), Ukrainians (10-15%). According to official data that were compiled as a result of the census in early 2014. The population of the Crimea and the city of Sevastopol is 2 million 734 thousand people.

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1. The length of the longest trolleybus route in the world is 86 kilometers, and it runs in the Crimea between Simferopol and Yalta. 2. Another interesting animal of the Crimea can be considered the South Russian tarantula. His bite can cause anaphylactic shock, and besides, the bite itself is very painful, despite the fact that the size of the spider is only 3.5 cm. 3. The shallowest sea in the world is the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov. It washes the coast of Crimea. The maximum depth of the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov is 15 meters.

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Geographical position

CRIMEA Composed by a primary school teacher at school No. 1 named after V. Dubinin, the city of Kerch Zinkova I.Ya.

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Alexander Pushkin "Tauris. 1821."

Who saw the land where the luxury of nature Revitalized oak groves and meadows, Where the water merrily rustle and sparkle And the peaceful coast caress ...

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Geographical location - this is the position of any geographical object (natural or created by man) relative to the surface of the Earth and in relation to other objects with which it interacts.

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Crimea is an amazing treasury, a natural museum that keeps secrets of millennia. A.S. Griboedov

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Crimea on the map

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Reservoirs of Crimea

In Crimea there are 1657 rivers and temporary streams with a total length of 5996 km. Of these, about 150 rivers are dwarf rivers up to 10 km long. Only the Salgir River has a length of more than 200 km. The river network is developed on the peninsula extremely unevenly. There are also over 300 lakes and estuaries. Almost all the lakes are salty and located along the coast, in the low-lying steppe part and several desalinated lakes. Koyashskoe Lake Churbashskoe Chokrakskoye Terekly (Salty) Ak-Mechetskoe Estuary and others.

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MOUNTAINS OF CRIMEA Mount Demerdzhi

Mount Ai-Petri

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Evpatoria Diana's Grotto

Rock of the Holy Phenomenon

Catherine Mile

Ocheretay Bay

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Sudak Simeiz Yalta Gurzuf Kerch Sand

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As a result of the referendum on March 16, 2014. most Crimeans voted to become part of Russia. Currently, the Republic of Crimea is a constituent entity of the Russian Federation which is part of the Crimean Federal District. March 18, 2014 An agreement was signed on the adoption of the independent sovereign Republic of Crimea into the Russian Federation (entry in notebooks), proclaimed within the administrative borders of the autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol (received the status of a city of federal significance). March 21, 2014 Putin V.V. signed a federal constitutional law on the entry of the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol into the Russian Federation.

Geographical position. The Crimean mountainous physical-geographical country extends a strip of 50 km wide in the south of the Crimean peninsula from the city of Sevastopol to the city of Feodosia for 180 km. According to the peculiarities of the formation and structure, varieties of landscapes and their colorfulness, Mountain Crimea is an extremely original formation that stands out against the background of more or less monotonous neighbors - the flat, dry-steppe Crimea in the north and the Black Sea in the south.

In tectonic terms, the Crimean Mountains are a large fold, the southern wing of which plunges into the sea. The uplift and folded movements took place there already in the Mesozoic era, but the main mountain-building processes took place throughout the Cenozoic. Then the southern part of the Crimean Mountains descended into the Black Sea basin along the fault line. So formed a steep slope - the southern coast of Crimea. In addition to longitudinal faults, transverse ones also appeared, magmatism was manifested. In some cases, volcanoes were active, as evidenced by the fossilized extinct volcano - the Karadag massif. In other cases, magma froze in the cracks of the earth's crust, not breaking to the surface. Over time, external forces (weathering, sea waves) destroyed the rocks that covered the magma massifs, so now they appear on the day surface in the form of separate mountains - Ayudag, Castel. Tectonic processes in the Crimean mountains do not stop until now, indicating earthquakes. Crimean mountains are mostly block-block mountains. They are composed of sedimentary rocks (sandstones, shales, limestones), and in some places - rocks of volcanic origin.

The visiting card of the southern coast of Crimea is Mount Ayudag (Medved-Gora), towering 572 m above sea level. It is formed from frozen magma. The igneous rock is gray-green gabbro-diabase harder than granite. It is a valuable facing material. Fig. Mount Ayudag, town of Gurzuf

The Crimean mountains are formed by three parallel ridges - external, internal and main, replacing each other from one north to south. The external and internal strands are kuestas - elongated elevated landforms of an asymmetric structure: their northern slope is gentle (corresponds to the slope of the bed of rocks), and the southern slope is steep (formed due to the "cutting" of the layers by streams along the fault lines. The external strand is low (up to 400 m) In the north, it gradually turns into a plain. The inner ridge is higher (up to 700 m). External processes have created bizarre forms there. The main strand rises to m. There is also the highest peak of the Crimean mountains - Roman-K W (1,545 m). The main ridge is divided by tectonic faults and erosion processes into massifs with flat surfaces - Yayly (Babugan-Yayla, Nikitskaya, Chatyr-Dag, Ai-Petrinskaya, Yalta, Karabi-Yayla). In the Crimean mountains there are many water- erosion and karst landforms. On the Chatyr-Dag plateau, for example, there are more karst funnels, 135 caves, shafts, and wells. The southern and southeastern slopes of the Main Ridge quickly break off to the Black Sea, are called the Southern Coast of Crimea. This is a narrow (from 1 to 12 km) strip of the coast, on which rocks in places approach the sea, and in some places recede, forming amphitheaters.

Kizil-Koba The longest limestone cave to Ukraine is Red (Kizil-Koba) 21.1 km long. Its halls are decorated with stalactites, stalagmites, clusters of crystals. An underground river flows in the cave, there are many lakes. In the past, it was a sanctuary, and now is equipped for excursions. Soldier’s The deepest cave in Ukraine is the Soldier’s cave (500 m), located on the Karabi-Yail.

The climate of the Mountain Crimea, as well as the climate of the flat part of the peninsula, is moderately continental. However, there is a significant difference between them. The amount of precipitation in the mountains doubles and averages 600 mm per year, and at high peaks - up to mm per year. Summer in the mountains is cool: the average July temperatures are only 15 ° C. Winters are snowy with average January temperatures of -4 ° C. In the Crimean mountains, hail often falls, and in the spring snow avalanches leave the highest mountains, which sometimes cause significant damage. But the climate of the southern coast of Crimea is warm to Ukraine and resembles the subtropical Mediterranean (these are the so-called "northern subtropics"). It is affected by cyclones in winter and high atmospheric pressure in summer. The proximity of the ice-free Black Sea and the mountains protecting the coast from the northern winds are also important. On the southern coast of Crimea, average temperatures are year-round: in January from 5 ° C in the west to 1 ° C in the east, in July - about 24 ° C. The rainfall brought by the Mediterranean cyclones mostly falls in the winter as rain. Summer is hot and dry, but the heat is not exhausting: refreshing sea breezes.

Inland waters In the Crimean mountains, all rivers flowing on the Crimean peninsula originate. Most of them are short and flow into the Black Sea (Alma, Kacha, Black). The longest river - Salgir carries water to the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov. In the summer in the lower reaches, it dries up. In the mountains of the river often have narrow canyon-like valleys. They feed mainly on rainwater, and those that begin on the northern slopes of the Main Ridge also melt snow. In the upper reaches of some rivers, reservoirs have been built, the water of which is used for the needs of the population. There are many sources in the mountains.

The deepest canyon in Ukraine is the Grand Canyon in Crimea. This is a giant crack on the northern slopes of the Ai-Petrinskaya Yaila, into the limestone stratum of which the Auzun-Uzen River has been biting for thousands of years. With a length of more than 3 km and a width, in places it does not exceed 3 m, the depth of the canyon reaches 320 m.

Altitudinal zonation In the Crimean mountains there is an altitudinal zoning of the soil and vegetation cover. Steppe vegetation with fescue and feather grass reigns in the foothills, and forest-steppe is a little higher (from 500 m). There, on soddy-carbonate soils, oak groves of rocky, fluffy and ordinary oak mixed with maple, beech and hornbeam grow. Shrubs are widespread. On the slopes of the mountains at an altitude of m lies a mountain-forest belt, where broad-leaved forests of beech, hornbeam, maple, ash, linden, and pine grow on brown forest soils. Mountain-meadow soils are widespread on the peak-yayl. There are mountain meadows spread on which alpine violet, St. John's wort, and fescue grow. On the southern slope of the Main Ridge, the altitudinal zonation of vegetation is also quite pronounced, although it does not have a continuous soil cover, as it is interrupted by rocks and mounds. Brown soils formed on the southern coast of Crimea. Shrub thickets of fluffy oak, eastern hornbeam and juniper, subtropical evergreen garden and park vegetation (cypress, laurel, myrtle, magnolia) and fruit trees (apricots, peaches, almonds, persimmons, figs) are common on them. Dry lubes of oak-juniper forests and shiblyak grow up to a height of 500 m. Thick spiny thickets of heat-loving Mediterranean species (fluffy and rocky oak, strawberry tree, pistachio, and hornbill). Higher to a height of 900 m lies the belt of Crimean pine and oak, and even higher (up to m) Crimean beech prevails in the forests. The animal world is diverse. Roe, deer, mouflon, fox, badger, hare, marten, squirrel live in the forests. Many birds are hatching - a jay, a seagull, a black vulture, a snake-eater, a peregrine falcon.
To protect the environment, a number of environmental facilities have been created. In the Crimean nature reserve, the most valuable forests in the Crimea are protected - oak, beech, from the Crimean pine, as well as relict groups of yew and juniper high. The unique natural complexes of the volcanic massif of the Jurassic period and the sea coast are protected in the Karadag reserve. It is considered one of the most exotic corners of the Crimea, the original landforms and landscapes of which can argue with the most famous Yellowstone Park in the USA in the world. Naukovtsi reserve constantly monitor marine, steppe and forest ecosystems. Many conservation areas created near the city of Yalta. Yalta Mountain Forest Reserve - The richest in species composition of plants (1367 species, of which 138 are rare and endangered. The Cape Martyan reserve is protected by a Mediterranean relict forest of juniper, fluffy oak, Crimean pine, pistachio. Nikitsky Botanical Garden - The Oldest in the world (founded in 1811). There is a unique collection of subtropical plants from all over the world (palm trees, metasequoia, thuja, cedar, bamboo, etc.). They are arranged in a landscape style, which makes the garden picturesque. Unfortunately, in the last th During the hot summer seasons on the southern slope of the Main Ridge more than once there was a long fire that resulted in many relict forests and shrubs, including in protected areas, which burned out.The picturesque landscapes of the Crimean Mountains, a dry warm climate and sea water make this region one of the best resort areas of Ukraine.

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Slide captions:

Salvia officinalis, Origanum ordinary, Thyme aka Thyme, Adonis spring, Lemongrass Crimean

KROKUS CRIMEAN, SUSPENDED SUNFLOWER, SON-GRASS, SHOT CRIMEAN

Mountain and steppe fox, Belodushka Raccoon dog Mouflon Roe

Dzhankoysky district is located in the northeastern steppe part of the Crimean peninsula. In the north, northeast, the area is washed by the waters of Lake Sivash. In the southeast and partially in the south it borders with the Nizhny Novgorod region, in the south - with the Krasnogvardeisky district, in the west - with the Pervomaisky and Krasnoperekopsky regions. In the north, the Dzhankoy district borders on the Genic region of the Kherson region of Ukraine.

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