Download a presentation on the history of the poem by Homer Odyssey. Homer's poem "Odyssey"

The presentation was used to study a work in grade 6 under the Buneev program (School 2100 educational system). The work contains information about the author, versions about the work’s origin, and features of the work.

Download:

Preview:

To use the preview of presentations, create yourself a Google account (account) and log in: https://accounts.google.com

Slide captions:

Homer "Odyssey" A lesson in literature in the 6th grade Teacher of MKOU secondary school No. 2 in Kozelsk, Kaluga Region Potapushkina N.V.

Greetings, travelers, strong and courageous! Today, on a wide, noisy sea, we will go to Ancient Greece. Oh gods of Olympus! Send us a tailwind. We want to see the great Troy, the brave heroes, We want to know about the great Odyssey. And the spark of divine thought will not run out in us. Oh gods of Olympus! Send us a thirst for discovery.

Homer's life Homer's lifetime is debatable. Ancient versions span a period of several centuries. Ancient biographers believed that Homer was born on the Ionian coast of Asia Minor. 7 cities argued for the right to be considered the homeland of Homer: Smyrna, Chios, Colophon, Pylos, Argos, Ithaca and Athens. The name Homer is not Greek. There are 2 translations of this name - “blind man” and “hostage”. The second option emphasized the non-Greek origin of the poet. Biographies indicate that Homer became blind, after which the muses inspired him to create poems.

Homer is represented by a blind wandering singer-aed. However, coins with about. Chios depict Homer with wide open sighted eyes. The Naples Museum has a marble bust of Homer IV century. BC e. and also without any trace of blindness. Other ancient images of the sighted poet are also known. Why is the opinion of the blind Homer so widespread in our time? It turns out that the idea of \u200b\u200ba “great blind man” arose in Alexandria. Plutarch (an ancient Greek writer and historian) says that Alexander did not part with the text of the Iliad in all campaigns and called the poem his greatest jewel. Having conquered Egypt, Alexander decided to found a big city there and call him by his name. They found a suitable place, but Homer appeared to Alexander in a dream and read him verses from the Odyssey: On the sea, noisy and wide. There is an island lying against Egypt; It is called there by the inhabitants - Faros ... The marina is faithful there, From which large ships leave the sea, Stocked up by dark water. Alexander immediately went to Faros and saw an area surprisingly suitable for the construction of a large city, with a river and a harbor. In the winter of 332-331 BC e. Alexandria was founded. Naturally, the Temple of Homer was erected in the center of the city, and the poet himself was deified. To many philosophers of Alexandria, the old images of Homer seemed to be ... not interesting enough. The god poet, in their opinion, was not supposed to look like an ordinary mortal. The image of the blind founder of world literature was very attractive. And Homer began to be portrayed blind.

Homer's poems Homer wandered around Greece, participated in poetic competitions. According to most scholars, the poems Iliad and Odyssey were created by Homer in Ionia (Asia Minor) in the 8th century BC. e. The plot of the Iliad and Odyssey is taken from the Trojan cycle of legends about the campaign against Troy, about a ten-year siege of the city, the victory over the Trojans and the return of the Greeks to their homeland. The Iliad was written in the 9th-8th centuries. BC e. in Ionia and is dedicated to the events of the last year of the Trojan War. It celebrates the military events and exploits of Achaean heroes - Achilles, Agamemnon, Menelaus, Hector, Diomedes and others. The protagonist of the Iliad - Achilles - the son of the sea goddess Thetis and Peleus, king of the city of Phthias in Thessaly - performed many feats under Troy, but in the tenth year of the war he was killed by the arrow of Paris. The Odyssey tells the story of the latest adventures of one of the heroes of the Trojan War, the king of the island of Ithaca, the Odyssey returning from the walls of the destroyed Ilion to his native Ithaca. Unlike the Iliad, the Odyssey mainly depicts everyday paintings: household chores, homework, family customs, hospitality rites, and so on. It was created somewhat later than the Iliad and contains about 12,100 verses. In 1829, N. I. Gnedich translated the Iliad into Russian, and V. A. Zhukovsky in 1849 translated the Odyssey.

Heroes of the Trojan War Menelaus Hector Odysseus Achilles Elena

Truth or fiction? The Trojan War, according to the ancient Greeks, was one of the most significant events in their history. They did not doubt the historical reality of the Trojan war, that the ten-year siege of Troy is a historical fact, only embellished by the poet. Indeed, there is very little fiction in the poem. If you remove the scenes with the participation of the gods, the story will look authentic. The historical science of modern times saw only legends and fairy tales in Greek myths. Historians of the XVIII-XIX centuries were convinced that there was no Greek campaign against Troy. The only one of the Europeans who believed the epic was Heinrich Schliemann. In 1871, he began excavating the Gissarlyk hill in the northwestern part of Asia Minor, defining it as the location of ancient Troy. Good luck awaited him: the hill hid the ruins of as many as 9 urban settlements, replacing each other for 20 centuries. Schliemann recognized the three described in the poem in one of the settlements. In one of the discovered royal tombs, the remains of Agamemnon and his companions rested; Agamemnon's face was covered with a golden mask. The discovery of Heinrich Schliemann shocked the world community. There is no doubt that Homer's poem contains information about real heroes and events.

Revived Troy Hill Gissarlyk (Turkey).

Winged expressions One of the means of figurative and expressive literary speech is winged words. It is in Homer's poems that name occurs many times (“He said a winged word”; “They exchanged winged words quietly among themselves”) Homer called “winged” words because they seem to fly from the speaker’s mouth to the listener's ear. After a while, this expression began to denote short quotes, figurative expressions, sayings of historical persons, the names of mythological and some literary heroes that came to our attention from literary sources. Homer's poems also have expressions that have become winged. Let’s listen to the messages prepared by the guys and determine what meaning we are now putting in these expressions. Trojan horse Apple of discord Achilles heel

Achilles (Achilles) - the hero of the epics of Homer, a great warrior who does not know defeat. He was a demigod. His mother is the sea nymph Thetis, forcibly married to the king of the Myrmidonians Peleus. According to the legend that Homer relies on in his epic, Achilles was the seventh child in the family. His brothers died at the hands of a mother who dipped her babies in boiling water to see if they were immortal. Achilles was saved by his father. Having inherited a powerful force from the mother goddess, the son of a mere mortal remained vulnerable to all dangers. In order to save him from future adversities, Thetis dips the baby in the jet of Styx. Mother held her child by the heel, and the water of the sacred river did not touch her. Achilles took part in the campaign against Troy. No one could defeat the warrior, because everyone was aiming at his body, head. Under his blows, the Queen of the Amazons of Pentesilea and the Ethiopian prince Memnon fell, who came to the aid of the Trojans. But the poisoned arrow fired by Paris, whose hand was directed by an angry Apollo, hit the hero in the heel - the only unprotected place, and he died. Since then, any flaw, flaw, or unprotected place has received the name "Achilles' heel." The myth haunted the minds of people. Anatomists retained the memory of the hero by calling one of the connective tissues located above the calcaneus the "Achilles tendon." Each person has his own "Achilles heel." Someone openly acknowledges this weakness, someone hides it, but be that as it may, its presence once again confirms the expression "there are no perfect people." Achilles' heel

The apple of contention myth tells of the events that caused the Trojan War. The great Zeus wanted to marry the beautiful Thetis, daughter of a titan. However, Prometheus predicted to him that her son born would overthrow his own father from the throne. And so he gave it to the Thessalian prince Peleus. All the gods of Olympus were invited to the wedding. And only one Eris, the goddess of discord, was not called, remembering her bad character. She thought of how to avenge her insult. She took a golden apple and wrote on it one single word: "The most beautiful." And after threw it on the banquet table. Three goddesses saw the golden apple and the inscription on it: Hera, Aphrodite and Athena. Each of them claimed that the apple was intended for her. The Thunder Goddess was asked to judge them. However, Zeus decided to cheat. After all, Hera is his wife, Athena is a daughter, and Aphrodite was truly beautiful. Then he ordered Hermes to give the apple to Paris, the son of the king of Troy. The young man did not know that he was a prince, because he was raised by shepherds. It was in Paris that Zeus laid the responsibility to call one of the goddesses the most beautiful. Each tried to attract a young man to his side. Hera promised him power and power, control over Asia, Athena offered him military victories and wisdom. And only Aphrodite guessed the secret desire of Paris. She said that she would help him get the love of the beautiful Elena, the daughter of Zeus and Leda, the wife of Atreus Menelaus, Queen of Sparta. It was Aphrodite who gave Paris an apple. Hera and Athena hated him and swore lime. Aphrodite fulfilled her promise and helped him steal Elena. This was the reason for the outbreak of war. Menelaus decided to punish the Trojans and return his wife. And as a result, Troy was destroyed. This is a myth, and the phrase "apple of discord" became winged by the Roman historian Justin, who lived in the II century. Apple of discord

About the garden of Troy dragged on for a long 10 years. Even though the spear of Athena was stolen from Troy, it was impossible to take the city by attack. Then the ingenious Odyssey came up with one of the most brilliant ideas. If it is impossible to enter the city by force, it is necessary to make sure that the Trojans themselves open the gates. Odysseus began to spend a lot of time in the company of the best carpenter, and in the end they had a plan. Having disassembled part of the boats, the Achaeans built a huge hollow horse inside. It was decided that the best warriors would be placed in the horse’s womb, and the horse itself would be presented with a “surprise” as a gift to the Trojans. The rest of the army will pretend to be returning to their homeland. No sooner said than done. The Trojans believed and brought the horse into the fortress. And at night, Odysseus and the rest of the heroes left it and burned the city. Therefore, it was with Homer's light hand that the expression “Trojan horse” acquired the meaning “gift with a catch, something that, although it seems harmless, can destroy everyone and everything.” Trojan horse

Features of Homer's speech All the works of the folk epos are large in volume of poem, which tells about the great events of bygone times and in which unusual heroes act. Desiring to convey the grandeur and significance of the events and heroes sung as much as possible, Homer resorts to exaggeration, poetizes everything that surrounds the heroes, gives them a beautiful appearance. The heroes of Homer are endowed with extraordinary power, these are heroes, their actions are beyond the power of ordinary people: for example, the bow of Odysseus cannot be pulled by any of Penelope’s powerful suitors. Designed for listeners, epic works contain many detailed descriptions that delay the development of the action; these descriptions may be repeated many times. The ancient Greek poems of Homer, like the works of Russian folklore, are saturated with constant epithets. So, Odysseus is called “cunning”, “long-suffering”; women - “fair-haired”, “blond”, “long-clothes”; ships - “Black” (tar), “red-sided”; the sea is “noisy”, “fish-rich”, “gray-haired”, “crimson”, “foggy” ...

“Homer made gods from people, and turned gods into people” Homer highly reveres man, human mind, human activity. He kind of claims: the gods are immortal, but man has an immortal mind; the power of thought and the skillful hands of man is able to withstand the omnipotence of the Olympic gods).

1. Homer and his Odyssey The Odyssey is the second classical poem attributed to the ancient Greek poet Homer. It was probably created in the 8th century BC. It tells about the adventures of a mythical hero named Odysseus during his return to his homeland after the end of the Trojan War.

Odyssey The journey of the Odyssey from the walls of Troy captured at his advice to the island of Ithaki takes 10 years. According to the provisions of Mercury, Venus, the Moon, often referred to in the poem, regarding the constellations, scientists at the US National Academy of Sciences were able to determine that Odysseus returned home on April 16, 1178 BC. Although the poem is heroic, in the image of the protagonist heroic traits are not the main thing. They recede into the background in comparison with such qualities as intelligence, cunning, ingenuity and prudence. The main feature of the Odyssey is an irresistible desire to return home, to the family.

Odyssey Judging by both Homer's poems, Odysseus is a truly epic hero and at the same time what is called a “comprehensively developed personality”: a brave warrior and a smart military leader, an experienced scout, the first athlete in fist fighting and running, a brave sailor, a skilled carpenter, and a hunter , merchant, zealous owner, storyteller. For ten years of returning home, he appears as a navigator, a robber, a shaman, summoning the souls of the dead (scenes in Hades), a shipwreck victim, a poor old man, etc.

Odyssey Odyssey lands with his companions on the island of the Cyclopes and enters the cave, which turned out to be the dwelling of the giant. He discovers the aliens, captures them, locks them in a cave and devours three pairs of Odysseus' satellites. The cunning Odysseus waits until Polyphemus falls asleep, and in his sleep the only Cyclops eye gouges out. The captives manage to leave the cave of the furious but blind Polyphemus, hiding in a herd of sheep. Polyphemus called on his father Poseidon to take revenge on Odysseus.

Odyssey Further Odysseus and his ships sailed to the "high city" of Lamos. One of the satellites sent by Odysseus for reconnaissance was swallowed by the king of the Stelrigons (cannibalistic giants). Then Antifat called the other Lestrigons, who began to destroy the ships, throwing huge stones at them from the rocks. They strung people on stakes and carried away to be eaten into the city. One ship managed to escape.

Odyssey The last ship moored to the island of the sorceress Kirk. When part of his companions, who set off to explore the island, was turned by Kirk into pigs, Odysseus went alone to the sorceress’s house and with the help of a wonderful plant given to her by Hermes defeated the spell of the goddess, who, recognizing Odysseus as a brave guest, invited him to stay with her on the island. Odysseus was inclined to offer the goddess, but first made her swear that she was not plotting anything bad against him, and to return the human image to his companions, converted into pigs. Having lived a year on the island in bliss and contentment, Odysseus, at the insistence of his comrades, began to ask Kirk to let them go home.

Odyssey Odysseus came to the island of the goddess Calypso, and she loved him, kept on her island, hiding from the rest of the world, seven years. Calypso promised Odysseus to grant immortality and make him happy, but could not make him forget his homeland. Obeying the order of Zeus transmitted through Hermes, Calypso handed Odysseus the tools necessary for the construction of the raft, and also provided him with bread, wine and water on the way.

Odyssey Miraculously escaping from the storm raised by a hostile Poseidon, Odysseus swims to the shore of the island of Sharia, where happy people live - feaki, sailors with fabulously fast ships. The Odyssey is warmly welcomed by the king of the feaks Alkina. Odysseus talks about his adventures and feaks deliver him to his homeland. Enraged by this, Poseidon turns the ship of the feacs into rock. And Athena temporarily turns Odysseus into an old man (so that they will not recognize him).

To use the preview of presentations, create yourself a Google account (account) and log in: https://accounts.google.com

Slide captions:

Homer's poem Odyssey

Lesson plan. 1. Odysseus finds shelter at Alkinoi. 2. On the island of the Cyclopes. 3. Meeting with sirens. 4. Between Scylla and Charybdis. 5. Return to Ithaca. 6. Destruction of the Grooms.

Lesson Activity Prove that Odyssey can be used as a historical source?

1. Odysseus finds shelter at Alkinoi. Homer's second poem, The Odyssey, is dedicated to the wanderings of the Odyssey returning home on about. Ithaca, from under Troy.

After 10 years, Odysseus came to the island where he ruled Alkina. Odysseus was found by Nausicaa, the daughter of the king. Al Kina affectionately received the travelers. For starters, the narrator sang about the exploits of Achilles, Odysseus burst into tears and told his story to Alkina. 1. Odysseus finds shelter at Alkinoi. Odysseus at Alkinoi

Once lost, he stuck to the island of the Cyclopes. The Greeks went into the cave where Polyphemus, the son of Posey-don, lived. He drove the sheep into the cave and blocked the passage with stones and ate 2 people. Odysseus gave Polyphemus a drink of wine and blinded him . 2. On the island of the Cyclopes. Odysseus and Polyphemus.

The Greeks tied up the rams in three, hid under them and when Polyphem felt the people leaving, went unnoticed. They boarded the ship and sailed. Odysseus screamed and said his name and then Polyphemus asked Poseidon to punish Odysseus. 2. On the island of the Cyclopes. Odysseus and Polyphemus

Once Odysseus sailed near the island of Siren. These half-birds, half-women, with their singing, hushed travelers and ate them. Odysseus ordered the rowers to plug their ears and tie it to the mast. Thus, he heard beautiful singing and was able to stay alive. 3. Meeting with sirens. Odysseus and Sirens

Soon the travelers experienced a mortal danger. Their ship sailed between the cave where Scylla lived and on the other side was Charybdis, sucking water three times a day. But Odysseus was able to lead his ship past the monsters. 4. Between Scylla and Charybdis. Skill and the ship of Odysseus. Fresco. 2.

After hearing the story of Odysseus, the feaki equipped the ship and sent it to Ita-ku. At this time, in his house, the suitors were pestering him, Mr. Penelope, but she believed that Odysseus was alive and announced that she would marry when she weaved a shroud for Odysseus's father, who was dying. Penelope wove fabric all day, and at night, she loosened it. 5. Return to Ithaca. Penelope moans before her son Telemachus

The servant revealed this fraud to the grooms. Penelope had to announce that she would marry the one who would win the shooting from the huge Bow of Odysseus. But none of the grooms could even bend the bow. Then Odysseus, dressed as a beggar, took his bow and shot and then beat all the suitors. 6. Destruction of grooms. Odysseus and Penelope.

On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and summaries

Summary of the lesson in grade 10 "The image of Peter the Great as the king of the transformer in the poem by A. Pushkin" The Bronze Horseman. "Socio-philosophical problems of the poem. Dialectic of Pushkin's views on the history of Russia."

Detailed lesson summary with presentation application ....

"Homer" Iliad "and" Odyssey "" - Odyssey. Describes the adventures of a mythical hero named Odysseus. The siege of Ilion. Poems of Homer. The meaning of the name "Homer." Homer's birthplace is unknown. The action is attributed to the tenth year of the siege of Troy. Singer Demodok in Odyssey is blind from birth. The Odyssey is replete with fabulous elements, of which there are even more. Homer. The Iliad.

"The poems" Iliad "and" Odyssey "" - Greek antique theater. Homer "Iliad" and "Odyssey." Penelope's work. Ancient Greece. Singers performed solemn texts in a festive atmosphere. The Iliad and the Odyssey. Hexameter is a special kind of verse with which the Iliad and Odyssey are written. Trojan war. Lexical work. Homer epic "Iliad" and "Odyssey." Homer Hellas owes its spiritual development. The Iliad. Military events and deeds of Achaean heroes.

Homer - Rhodes. Illustration. Odyssey. Medieval illustration for the Iliad. Smyrna. About the life and personality of Homer reliably nothing is known. The historical basis of Homer's poems. Homer's birthplace. "Sons of Homer." Homer is the legendary ancient Greek poet and storyteller.

"Homer's Poems" Iliad "and" Odyssey "" - Multilevel tasks. Compare. "Odyssey". Read passages from poems. Homer created the poem "Iliad" and "Odyssey." Compare with the standard. The Iliad. Test for the country studied. Fill in the blanks in the sentences. What trials does Odysseus talk about in the eponymous poem. Homer's poems "Iliad" and "Odyssey." Achilles. We all boarded the ship and set sail on the open sea. Collect winged expressions with their explanations.

"Iliad" - Mount Olympus. Troy. River Styx. Kaistr. Kefiss. The ocean in the Iliad. Pylos Tartarus. Xanthos. Fields of Olyson. The Iliad. Ida.

“The Odyssey Poem” - The ship of the Odyssey swims between Scylla and Charybdis. Lotofag island. Odysseus comes to the shore of the island of Sharia. The return of the Odyssey. Epic hero. Gets the necessary information. The ship moored to the island of the sorceress Kirk. Ships Homer and his Odyssey. Odysseus swims past the island of sirens. Odysseus landed with satellites on the island. Arrival on the island of Aeolius. Satellites of the Odyssey. Penelope.

Slide 1

Slide 2

Slide 3

Slide 4

Slide 5

Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 8

Slide 9

Slide 10

Slide 11

Slide 12

Slide 13

Slide 14