Plan - Lesson Summary Lesson topic: The final stage of the Second World War. Defeat of Japan. Japan. Geography, description and characteristics of the country Lesson plan Japan

The territory of Japan is about 370 thousand square meters, which allows it to occupy only 61st place in the world ranking of countries with the largest territory. However, the number of people living in this territory, 129 million people (as of 2015), places Japan among the most densely populated countries in the world. The country ranks 10th in the list of countries by the number of people living.

Geographical characteristics

Japan - Island state. It is located at 4 big islands, the names of which are familiar to all lovers of geography: Honshu, Hokkaido, Shikoku, Kyushu. They make up 98% of the country's territory. The remaining 2% falls on 3 thousand small and sometimes even small islands. In order to maintain communication between disparate territories, the islands were united using a system of bridges and tunnels dug underground and under water. This is how a single land space was created in Japan.

Nature

Country Rising Sun often called also the country of steep slopes. And this is true. The vast majority (about 3/4) of all the country's mountain ranges are too scattered to be developed. The contours of the mountains are angular, with pointed contours. The only exceptions are mountain ranges, located in the south of Honshu and Kyushu. And near the shores of the island of Hokkaido you can see the smooth outlines of mountain ranges.

The most high mountains, by analogy with European ones, are called the Japanese Alps. They are located in the center of the island of Honshu, near Tokyo. They are quite high - peaks 3000 meters above sea level are not uncommon here. Thanks to his appearance and attractiveness they are a tourist attraction...

There are a huge number of rivers in Japan. Their profiles are short and quite cool. Because of this, their use for shipping is difficult. The waters of these rivers are clean, transparent, and contain a wide variety of fish. The three largest Japanese rivers are named Shinano, Ishikari and Kanto. The Shinano originates in the Japanese Alps, flows for more than 360 km and then flows into the Sea of ​​Japan. The Ishikari begins in the western part of the island of Hokaido, flows almost the same distance and also feeds the Sea of ​​Japan with its waters. As for the Kanto, it passes through the Kanto Plain and flows into Tokyo Bay, and therefore indirectly we can say that it flows directly into the Pacific Ocean...

The country's territory is generously washed by various seas and oceans. In the east and south its islands are dominated by Pacific Ocean. In the west are the coasts of the East China and Japan Seas, and in the north are the Sea of ​​Okhotsk...

In Japan you can find many different types of flora and fauna. This is a consequence of the fact that the climate here is very favorable for their living, with fairly high humidity. Plus, the island isolation of the country takes its toll. A peculiarity of the flora and fauna is the fact that here you can often find endemics - animals that live only in this part of the globe. And forests make up 60% of the country’s territory, which only contributes to the development of flora and fauna.

Among the plants, camphor laurels, oaks and camellias are common; bamboo and ginkgo can also be found. Their animals are of particular interest: Japanese macaques, raccoon dogs, shrews, flying squirrels and chipmunks, copper pheasants...

The climate of the country can be described as mild and humid. In winter, temperatures rarely drop below zero. Severe cold is very rare, but in Northern Japan you can find snow, which, however, melts quite quickly. The seasons in nature are more or less pronounced, and the spring cherry blossoms are especially beautiful...

Resources

The country has very low resource potential. Almost everything Natural resources- in great deficit, and above all mineral ones. And even though different kinds minerals are present in the country, then the reserves of these resources are minimal, and the needs of such countries are great. Therefore, the country is forced to import almost all minerals from neighboring countries, which are more generously endowed with nature...

Japan - unique country. Indeed, despite the dependence on imported resources, the industrial approach to production, as well as the potential itself, is enormous. This is how ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, mechanical engineering (Japanese cars are known all over the world as an example of reliability), and shipbuilding developed. Many residential and administrative facilities are being built, the chemical and petrochemical industries are at the peak of their development. The country has achieved great achievements in the field of digital technologies.

As for agriculture, on soils on which nothing grows at all, Japanese farmers, using modern technologies, grow vegetables and fruits in fairly large quantities...

Culture

The cultural layer of the country is very original and unique. The Japanese adhere to ancient traditions such as the tea ceremony, kimono and geisha - such phenomena are not found in any other country in the world. There are two main religions in Japan - Shintoism and Buddhism, and the people themselves are quite hospitable, although they show characteristic restraint in showing any emotions...

Geography teacher, MBOU Secondary School No. 4, village. Merchansky

Mironov Vladimir Viktorovich

Goals and objectives of the lesson:

To form students’ understanding of Japan and its natural features;

Continue work on developing the skills to independently obtain knowledge from various sources of information;

Develop skills in working with a map, the ability to compare;

Develop students' cognitive interest;

Formation of moral values ​​and aesthetic attitude to life, beauty and spiritual culture of the Japanese people.

Equipment: political map of Foreign Asia, physical map of Eurasia, climate maps, “Population density and peoples”, computer, projector

During the classes

Teacher ( against the background of a soft-sounding Japanese melody)

Today in class we will continue to study countries East Asia. On the board is a lesson plan for which we will look at the characteristics of Japan. What do you know about Japan?

1. Geographical position Japan. Symbols

2.Relief of Japan

3. Climate of Japan

4. Japan's inland waters

5. Nature of Japan

5. Population of Japan

6. Economic features of Japan

1.Geographical location of the country.

The story of the teacher and students is accompanied by a show geographical objects on large wall maps.

Question? Determine from the map which island is the largest? (Hokkaido)

Question? In the north the country is washed by what sea? ( Sea of ​​Okhotsk), in the east – (by the waters of the Pacific Ocean), in the south – (by the Pacific Ocean and the waters of the East China Sea), in the west – (by the Korea Strait and Sea of ​​Japan). Japan claims to belong to Russia Kurile Islands, lying north of the island of Hokkaido.

Japan is an island state, located on four large islands: Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu, as well as the islands of the Ryukyu archipelago and more than a thousand small islands. The capital is Tokyo.

2. Relief of Japan. Using the atlas, students determine and draw conclusions about the topography of the country. . The most high ridges are located on the island of Honshu. The mountainous surface of the islands is very diverse in both structure and height. There are volcanic cones and plateaus, massifs with gentle slopes, processed by flowing waters. Here is the most high peak country, sacred to its inhabitants - the extinct volcano Fuji, 3,776 m high.

3. Climate of Japan.

Assignment for working in pairs.

Using the climate map, characterize the climate of the country; using the climatogram, determine the highest and lowest temperatures and the minimum and maximum amount of precipitation.

4. Japan's inland waters

By physical map give a general description of the country's rivers.

Nature of Japan

Based on the map of natural zones, give a general description of the nature of the country.

Population of Japan

Largest cities

Population (more than 125 million people), average density (almost 340 people per km 2). In terms of population, it ranks 8th in the world.

Question? Besides the Japanese, who else lives there?(Koreans, Chinese.)

Question? What is the official language? ( Japanese, many speak English)

It has the lowest infant mortality rate and the highest life expectancy in the world. In 1998, the average life expectancy: women - 83 years, men - 76 years.

7. Economic development of Japan. Determine from the atlas map:

Industry;

Agricultural development

Ecology.

Students will learn that Japan is one of the most highly developed countries in the world. The country is known to children for its cars, robots, electronic computing and

household appliances. The country has few mineral resources of its own, so most of them have to be imported from abroad, including from Russia. The country grows rice, tea, sugar cane, and raises cattle, poultry, and pigs. Except

fisheries, are engaged in artificial breeding of fish and pearl shells.

Sights of Japan. During the messages, students write down basic concepts in a notebook: ikebana, tea ceremony, tatami, sumo, hanami, kimono, sakura

Consolidation

As a reinforcement, the children are asked to answer questions on the topic they have studied.

The teacher asks the students a question: “What new have you learned about Japan?”

objects presented in the paragraph.

I APPROVED

Teacher (head of discipline)

separate discipline

(history, social studies and geography)

PLAN – LESSON SUMMARY

Lesson topic: The final stage of the Second World War. Defeat of Japan.

Methodological goal of the lesson: to show the use of critical thinking technology in history lessons.

Purpose: to trace the progress of final operations at the final stage of the Second World War; reveal the historical significance of these military actions, which led to the complete defeat of militaristic Japan and the salvation of the peoples of the world from fascism

Lesson objectives:

Educational: introduce the military-strategic operations of the participants of the anti-Hitler coalition at the final stage of the war; characterize the decisions of the conference; show the decisive role of the Soviet Union in the victory over Japanese fascism

Developmental: continue to develop the skills to analyze historical facts based on historical documents, reveal cause-and-effect relationships; express a reasoned point of view when discussing historical problems; systematize, classify and generalize historical facts

Educational: to instill in students a sense of patriotism, respect for war, to form among Suvorovites.

Lesson type: lesson on learning a new topic

Material support for the lesson: presentation, textbook, interactive map, video clip, documents.

Teaching methods: activity-based, partially search-based, research

During the classes.

Teacher _______________

During the classes

I. Organizational moment.

II. Teacher's introduction: The Soviet-Japanese War of 1945 is one of the historical events that arouse controversial interest. To this day, many abroad believe that it was thanks to the atomic bombing of the Japanese cities of Nagasaki and Hiroshima that the power of militaristic Japan was broken, which put an end to the entire Second World War. Unfortunately, this grandiose battle of the Second World War, despite its uniqueness and scale, still remains unknown or little-known in our country, which obviously prompts the desire of current Japanese politicians to increasingly oppose Russia with demands for the return of the “northern territories.” " This war left an extremely deep mark on history and remains, in fact, the only unsolved knot of the Second World War. Its consequences continue to have a strong influence on modern Russian-Japanese relations.

For me personally, the defeat of Japan is important: my grandfather, a major, fought here and could have died. He was wounded. He was awarded the medals “For Military Merit” and “For Victory over Japan,” which are carefully kept in our family. (demonstration of real medals to students)

And all of us Far Easterners are not indifferent to the history of the Second World War that swept across our lands. Among the guys present here there are residents of the Kuril Islands, Transbaikalia, Khabarovsk and, of course, . Today you will be given the honor of participating in liberation and offensive operations in your native lands. In addition, by entering the Suvorov Military School, you are preparing yourself for the profession of a military officer, an officer. A significant portion of you will serve Far East. This means that you need to carefully study and know the peculiarities of conducting military operations in the Far Eastern theater. Because if you want peace, prepare for war!

So the goals are clear, let's write down the topic of the lesson. (Slide No. 1) Let's get acquainted with the plan (Slide No. 2)

III. Presentation of new material on the following issues:

A) USSR and allies.

We present to your attention a fragment of the Potsdam Conference (Sketch “At the Potsdam Conference” on.) (Slide No. 3)

Your task: to determine what the allies agreed on.

B) Causes of the war with Japan. (Slide No. 4)

Work in groups. (General Staff of the Armies of the USSR and USA)

Using the information received from the leaders of the anti-Hitler coalition, your knowledge and the textbook text on the page, formulate at least 3 reasons for the war with Japan for your countries. Write down the reasons on the slide.

Assignment to the Japanese General Staff: look at the map of your possessions and determine where and how best to position your troops to defeat a potential enemy.

B) Combat plans. The “Map without a legend” technique based on statistical analysis. (Slide No. 5)

Map plans for warfare. (Japan, USSR. USA). .

Teacher's word. The interests of restoring peace required the speedy elimination of the Far Eastern hotbed of war. True to its allied obligations, the Soviet Union could not remain aloof from solving this important task. In 1945, the Soviet government denounced the neutrality treaty with Japan dated April 13, 1941, and in 1945 announced its entry into war with it.

D) Progress of hostilities (Slide No. 6-8)

Teacher's word. To study the course of hostilities, you will work in pairs with documents and a map.

You have the honor of liberating the territories of your small Motherland.

USA - video about the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

Assignment for Japan: Was the bombing the defeat of Japan?

Physical education minute (Slide No. 9)

work in pairs with documents and a map. (Slide No. 10), interactive map

Transbaikal Front

Manchurian Front

Sakhalin

The Manchurian strategic offensive operation under the leadership of the Commander-in-Chief of Soviet troops in the Far East, Marshal of the Soviet Union Vasilevsky. – 1945 troops of the Transbaikal, 1st and 2nd Far Eastern Fronts, forces Pacific Fleet and the Amur military flotilla carried out the Manchurian strategic operation, encircled and defeated the Kwantung Army, which numbered more than 1 million soldiers and officers, 6.6 thousand guns and mortars, over 1.2 thousand tanks, more than 1.9 thousand combat aircraft.

At the same time, the Yuzhno-Sakhalin (11 – ) and Kuril landing ( – ) operations were carried out. The Soviet Union returned to its composition Southern Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands. The number of prisoners was about 593 thousand people. During the entire battle, the Red Army lost more than 36 thousand soldiers and officers, of which over 12 thousand were killed.

Atomic bombs were exploded over Hiroshima, and on August 9 over Nagasaki. As a result, two cities with their entire population were virtually wiped off the face of the earth.

1. What goals did the United States pursue?

2. Was it advisable to use atomic weapons?

Teacher's word. (Slide No. 11), Operation codenamed “August Storm” began in 1945, almost simultaneously with the bombing of Nagasaki. In two weeks of fighting, Japan lost 84,000 troops killed, and the USSR - 12,000. Soviet troops we didn’t reach only 50 kilometers to the northern Japanese island Hokkaido.

This operation became one of the largest - in scale, impressive - in organization and design, and successful - in tactical execution - campaigns of World War II; In the shortest possible time, a territory equal to the entire Western Europe was captured!

(Slide No. 12-16), Japan surrendered. The official act of surrender was signed on board the American battleship Missouri in 1945 by representatives of the USA, England, China, the USSR and Japan. Second World War ended.

The video "Surrender of Japan" is used to check the correctness of the topic.

E) The results of the war and the origins of victory. During the war, the Japanese army lost 677 thousand troops, in particular, 83 thousand were killed, 594 thousand surrendered. The victory of the Soviet army in the Far Eastern War accelerated the defeat of the Japanese fascists and contributed to the victory of China in the War of Resistance against Japanese Invaders.

4 Final stage. Demonstration of a fragment of a video project by Suvorov veteran Chunin “My grandfather is a veteran of the Great Patriotic War.” (Slide No. 17)

Self-preparation task: (Slide No. 18)

1. Prepare an oral response on the topic “The Defeat of Japan”

2. Determine the significance of the USSR’s victory in the war with Japan. (5-7 points)

Hint: The phrase is in Chinese. (Russians and Chinese are brothers forever!)

Reflection: The “6 Thinking Hats” technique. (Slide No. 19-25)

Ratings. A word from the experts. Our lesson is coming to an end. I would like to believe that everything that was said today resonated in your hearts, and we will all remember the terrible days of the war, about those who gave their lives defending peace on Earth. Let us value life, no matter how difficult it may seem, and cherish and love the people whom fate has destined to be near you. The words “if only there was no war” are not just empty words. Everything can be experienced and overcome when there is no war on earth...