Detailed description of ready-made excursion routes. Creative project “Creation of a guide and excursion routes in real and virtual space. Techniques for using custom text

A photograph of the object is attached to the card, reproducing its current and previous views. The card for architectural, natural, and archaeological sites may include other information. For example, a card for an architectural monument includes information about the presence of sculpture and murals in the decorative decoration of the monument. The presence of cards for all excursion sites located on the territory of a given region speeds up the development of new excursion topics, allows you to diversify the use of monuments in excursions on different topics, and makes their display more active.

Stage 6: Drawing up an excursion route

The excursion route is the most convenient route for the excursion group to follow, facilitating the development of the topic. It is built depending on the most correct sequence of inspection of objects for a given excursion, the availability of sites for the group, and the need to ensure the safety of excursionists. One of the objectives of the route is to facilitate the most complete disclosure of the topic.

The main requirements that must be taken into account by the compilers of the route are organizing the display of objects in a logical sequence and providing a visual basis for revealing the topic.

In the practice of excursion agencies, there are three options for constructing routes:

Chronological. An example of a chronological route would be excursions dedicated to the life and work of outstanding people.

Thematic. According to the thematic principle of building an excursion, we can note excursions related to the disclosure of a specific topic in the life of the city.

Thematic and chronological. All city sightseeing tours are structured according to a thematic and chronological principle.

Route development is a complex multi-stage procedure that requires fairly high qualifications and is one of the main elements of the technology for creating a new excursion. The route is built on the principle of the most correct sequence of inspection of objects and is planned taking into account the following requirements:

The display of objects should be carried out in a certain logical sequence, avoiding unnecessary repeated passages along the same section of the route

Availability of the object

Moving or transitioning between objects should not take 10-15 minutes, so that there are no too long pauses in show and tell

Availability of well-equipped stops, including sanitary stops, and parking areas for vehicles.

It is recommended that at the time of the excursion you have several options for moving the group. The need to change the route in some cases is caused by traffic jams and repair work on city highways. All this must be taken into account when creating different route options.

Development bus route ends with the coordination and approval of the passport and route diagram, calculation of mileage and time of use of vehicles.

Stage 7: Detour (detour) of the route

Detour of the route is one of the important stages in the development of a new excursion theme. When organizing a route detour, the following tasks are set:

1. get acquainted with the layout of the route, streets, squares along which the route is laid
2. specify the location where the object is located, as well as the location of the proposed stop for the tour bus or walking group
3. master access by bus to objects or parking areas
4. keep track of the time required to show objects, their verbal descriptions and the movement of the bus, as well as clarify the duration of the tour as a whole
5. check the feasibility of using the intended display objects
6. select the best points for displaying objects and options for location of the excursion group
7. choose a method of familiarization with the object

Stage 8: Preparation of the control text of the excursion

The text represents the material necessary for a full disclosure of all subtopics included in the excursion. The text is intended to provide thematic focus of the guide's story; it formulates a certain point of view on the facts and events that the excursion is devoted to, and provides an objective assessment of the objects shown.

Requirements for the text: brevity, clarity of wording, required amount of factual material, availability of information on the topic, full disclosure of the topic, literary language.

The text of the excursion is compiled by the creative group when developing a new topic and performs control functions. This means that each guide must build his story taking into account the requirements of this text.

The control text in most cases contains a chronological presentation of the material. This text does not reflect the structure of the excursion and is not built in a route sequence with the distribution of the presented material at stops where the analysis of excursion objects takes place. The control text is carefully selected and source-checked material.

Based on the control text, excursion options on the same topic can be created, including for children and adults, for the development of groups of workers.

In order to facilitate the work of creating such options, the control text may include materials related to objects, subtopics and main issues that are not included in the itinerary of this excursion.

The development of the route ends with the drawing up of a diagram of the excursion route with the names of all the streets and squares along which the group should follow, with the objects of display marked on it and the places where the excursionists get off the bus, with instructions on which sections of the excursion are considered. The diagram may also indicate the speed of the bus: “slow” (about 30 km/h), “medium” (40-45 km/h), “fast” (about 60 km/h). Indicating the speed of the bus is especially important when new tour guides are learning the excursion.

The final developed route scheme must be agreed upon with the relevant traffic police department. After that, it is drawn on an A4 sheet of paper, approved by the transport inspection body and reproduced for all tour guides conducting this excursion, bus drivers and traffic police officers.

Stage 9: Completing the “Tour Guide Portfolio”

“The guide's briefcase” is a set of visual aids for the excursion, which should complement and restore the missing links of the visual series. This is especially important in cases where the objects on display have come to us in a modified form or have not been preserved at all. Then photographs, drawings, drawings will help restore the original appearance of the object.

The “guide’s portfolio” includes: photographs of people related to the topic of the excursion, reproductions of paintings, geographical maps, map diagrams depicting, for example, military events, samples of industrial products, herbarium sheets, geological samples, tape recordings and other illustrative material that helps to saturate the excursion with visual images.

An important task of visual aids on excursions is to give a visual idea of ​​the object (plants, minerals, models, dummies).

The following are accepted as criteria for selecting visual aids:

1. necessity and feasibility of their use
2. educational value, that is, how much the proposed manual can enrich the excursion, make the show and story more visual and understandable
3. unusualness
4. expressiveness
5. safety

Visual aids in the “tour guide’s briefcase” should be easy to use. Their number should not be large, since in this case the aids will distract tourists from inspecting the original objects and distract their attention.

Photographs, map diagrams, and reproductions must have a cardboard base and dimensions of at least 18*24 cm, and be clear and crisp. Visual aids intended for display on the bus must be increased in size to 24*30 cm so that they can be viewed from the back rows of the bus. The list of visual aids for a particular excursion does not remain unchanged; during the life of the excursion it is improved and supplemented.

Stage 10: Determination of methodological techniques for conducting an excursion

The work of the creative team at this stage consists of several parts:

Selection of the most effective methodological techniques for covering subtopics, methodological techniques that are recommended depending on the excursion audience; time of the excursion (winter, summer, autumn, spring), features of the show;

Definition of methods for maintaining the attention of tourists and activating the process of perceiving excursion material

Selection of rules for conducting excursion techniques

Stage 11: Determining the technique of conducting an excursion

The excursion technique combines all organizational issues of the excursion process. At this stage, it is important to formulate recommendations: on the use of pauses in the excursion; on compliance with the time allotted for covering subtopics; organizing answers to tourists’ questions; about the technique of using the “portfolio” exhibits and more. No less important are the instructions about the place of the guide when showing objects, guiding the independent work of excursionists along the route, and conducting a story while the bus is moving.

Stage 12: Drawing up a methodological development

Methodological development is a document that determines how to conduct a given excursion, how best to organize the display of monuments, what methodology and management technique should be used to make the excursion effective. The methodological development sets out the requirements of the excursion methodology, taking into account the characteristics of the objects being demonstrated and the content of the material presented. It disciplines the guide and must meet the following requirements: suggest ways for the guide to reveal the topic, equip him with the most effective methodological techniques of showing and telling, contain clear recommendations on organizing an excursion, take into account the interests of a certain group of excursionists, combine the telling and showing into a single whole.

The methodological development is prepared as follows:

The title page contains the following data: name of the excursion institution, name of the topic of the excursion, type of excursion, length of the route, duration in academic hours, composition of excursionists, names and positions of the compilers, date of approval of the excursion by the head of the excursion institution.

The next page outlines the purpose and objectives of the excursion, a route diagram indicating objects and stops during the excursion.

The methodological development consists of three sections: introduction, main part and conclusion.

Technological map of the excursion

The technological map of the excursion is the final document, which is drawn up at the end of the creative process of creating an excursion, before its last stage - delivery to the selection committee during a trial excursion. It indicates the topic, purpose, objectives, the optimal route, its length and duration, objects of display, stopping places, subtopics, organizational and methodological instructions, methodological techniques of showing and telling that the guide should use in his story. The technological map shows how to more effectively convey the content of the excursion to tourists at specific sites. Its purpose is to show the guide the right path to achieving a positive result during the excursion.

Besides, excursion card excursion is the main document that is required for certification of a tourist and excursion organization that claims to conduct excursion activities.

2.3. Drawing up an excursion route

Excursion route is the most convenient route for the excursion group to follow, facilitating the development of the topic. It is built depending on the most correct sequence of inspection of objects for a given excursion, the availability of sites for the group, and the need to ensure the safety of tourists. One of the objectives of the route is to contribute to the most complete disclosure of the topic.

The main requirements that must be taken into account by the compilers of the route are the organization of the display of objects in a logical sequence and the provision of a visual basis for revealing the topic.

In the practice of excursion agencies, there are three options for constructing routes: chronological, thematic And thematic-chronological.

An example of a chronological route can be excursions dedicated to the life and work of outstanding people.

Excursions are organized on a thematic basis, related to the disclosure of a specific topic in the life of the city (for example, “Arkhangelsk is under construction,” “Literary Moscow Region,” etc.).

All city sightseeing tours are structured according to a thematic and chronological principle. The sequence of presentation of material according to chronology in such excursions is observed, as a rule, only when covering each subtopic.

Route development- a complex multi-stage procedure that requires fairly high qualifications and is one of the main elements of the creation technology new excursion. When developing a bus route, you should be guided by the "Rules traffic", "Charter of Motor Transport", "Rules for the Transportation of Passengers" and other departmental regulations.

Objects, depending on their role in the excursion, can be used as basic And additional.

The main objects undergo a more in-depth analysis, and the subtopics of the excursion are revealed on them.

The display of additional objects, as a rule, is carried out during moves (transitions) of the excursion group and it does not occupy a dominant position.

The route is built on the principle of the most correct sequence of inspection of objects and is planned taking into account the following requirements:

The display of objects should be carried out in a certain logical sequence, avoiding unnecessary repeated passages along the same section of the route (street, square, bridge, highway), i.e. so-called “loops”;
- accessibility of the object (site for its inspection);
- moving or transitioning between objects should not take 10-15 minutes, so that there are no too long pauses in the show and story;
- availability of well-equipped stops, including sanitary stops and vehicle parking areas.

It is recommended that at the time of the excursion you have several options for moving the group. The need to change the route in some cases is caused by traffic jams and repair work on city highways. All this must be taken into account when creating different route options.

The development of a bus route is completed by the coordination and approval of the passport and route diagram, calculation of mileage and time of use of vehicles.

Detour (detour) route

Detour (detour) route is one of the important stages in the development of a new excursion theme. When organizing a detour (detour) of the route, the following tasks are set:

1) get acquainted with the layout of the route, streets, squares along which the route is laid;
2) specify the location where the object is located, as well as the location of the proposed stop for the tour bus or walking group;
3) master access by bus to objects or parking areas;
4) time the time required to show the objects, their verbal descriptions and the movement of the bus (pedestrian group), as well as clarify the duration of the excursion as a whole;
5) check the feasibility of using the intended display objects;
6) select the best points for displaying objects and options for location of the excursion group;
7) choose a method of familiarization with the object;
8) for the safety of tourists’ movement along the route, identify potentially dangerous places and take measures.

Preparation of control text for the excursion

The text represents the material necessary for a full disclosure of all subtopics included in the excursion. The text is intended to provide thematic focus of the guide's story; it formulates a certain point of view on the facts and events that the excursion is devoted to, and provides an objective assessment of the objects shown.

Requirements for the text: brevity, clarity of wording, required amount of factual material, availability of information on the topic, full disclosure of the topic, literary language.

The text of the excursion is compiled by the creative group when developing a new topic and performs control functions. This means that each guide must build his story taking into account the requirements of the given text (control text).

The control text in most cases contains a chronological presentation of the material. This text does not reflect the structure of the excursion and is not built in a route sequence, with the distribution of the presented material at stops where the analysis of excursion objects takes place. The control text is carefully selected and source-verified material, which is the basis for all excursions conducted on this topic. Using the provisions and conclusions contained in the control text, the guide constructs his own individual text.

Based on the control text, excursion options on the same topic can be created, including for children and adults, for various groups of workers.

In order to facilitate the work of creating such options, the control text may include materials related to objects, subtopics and main issues that are not included in the itinerary of this excursion.

In addition to materials for the guide’s story, the control text includes materials that should make up the content of the introductory speech and conclusion of the tour, as well as logical transitions. It should be convenient to use. Quotes, figures and examples are accompanied by links to sources.

Completing the "tour guide's briefcase"

"Tour guide's briefcase" is the conventional name for a set of visual aids used during the excursion. These aids are usually placed in a folder or small briefcase.

One of the tasks of the "guide's portfolio" is to restore the missing links in the display. During excursions, it often turns out that not all objects necessary to cover the topic have been preserved. For example, tourists cannot see a historical building that has been destroyed by time; a village destroyed during the Great Patriotic War, etc. Sometimes it becomes necessary to give an idea of ​​the original appearance of the place on which the inspected building (residential neighborhood) was built. For this purpose, for example, photographs of a village or wasteland, panoramas of the construction of an enterprise, or a residential area are used. The task may also arise to show what will happen at the site being inspected in the near future. In this case, excursionists are shown designs of buildings, structures, and monuments.

During excursions, it may be necessary to show photographs of people who are related to this object or events related to it (for example, portraits of members of the Wulf family - friends of A. S. Pushkin - when conducting a tour of the "Pushkin Ring of the Upper Volga Region").

What makes the excursion more convincing is the demonstration of copies of original documents, manuscripts, and literary works, which the guide talks about.

And another important task of visual aids on excursions is give a visual representation of an object(plants, minerals, mechanisms by showing genuine samples or their photographs, models, dummies).

The “tour guide's portfolio” includes photographs, geographical maps, diagrams, drawings, drawings, product samples, etc. Such “portfolios” are created, as a rule, for each topic. They are a constant companion of the guide and help make any journey into the past and present more exciting and useful. The contents of the “portfolio” are dictated by the theme of the excursion.

Visual aids in the “tour guide’s briefcase” should be easy to use. Their number should not be large, since in this case the aids will distract tourists from inspecting the original objects and distract their attention.

Members of the creative group, preparing a new excursion, select from the visual materials at their disposal the most expressive ones that can assist the guide in covering the topic. The method of demonstrating visual aids is tested along the route. Then recommendations for the use of “portfolio” materials are included in the methodological development.

Each exhibit included in the “portfolio” is accompanied by a sheet of explanation or reference material. Sometimes explanations are glued to the back of the exhibit. This annotation serves as source material for the guide when showing the exhibit to tourists.

The list of visual materials of a certain topic included in the “tour guide’s portfolio” should be clarified throughout the development of a new excursion topic.

Museums, exhibitions, and archives provide great assistance to excursion organizations in selecting visual materials for their “portfolio.”

Determination of methodological techniques for conducting an excursion

The success of the excursion is directly dependent on the methodological techniques of showing and telling used in it. The choice of one or another methodological technique is dictated by the tasks assigned to the excursion and the information richness of a particular object.

The work of the creative group at this stage consists of several parts: selection of the most effective methodological techniques for covering subtopics, methodological techniques that are recommended depending on the excursion audience (adults, children), the time of the excursion (winter, summer, day, evening), features display; determining methods for maintaining the attention of tourists and activating the process of perceiving excursion material; developing recommendations for the use of expressive means in the guide’s speech; selection of rules for conducting excursion techniques. It is equally important to determine the technology for using methodological techniques.

Determination of excursion techniques

The excursion technique combines all organizational issues of the excursion process. Authors bus tour, for example, they carefully consider when and where tourists go out to inspect the object, how tourists move between objects, how and when exhibits of the “guide’s portfolio” are demonstrated, etc. The corresponding entries are made in the methodological development column “Organizational instructions”. These instructions are also addressed to the bus driver. For example, where to park the bus, where it is necessary to drive slower to observe the object from the window. Separate instructions apply to excursionists (compliance with safety rules on the street, getting off the bus, seating in the cabin). It is important to formulate recommendations on the use of pauses in the excursion; on observing the time allotted for covering subtopics, organizing answers to questions from tourists; about the technique of using the exhibits of the “portfolio”; about the procedure for laying wreaths, etc. No less important are instructions about the place of the guide when showing objects, guiding the independent work of tourists along the route, and conducting a story while the bus is moving.

Drawing up methodological development

Methodological development is a document that determines how to conduct a given excursion, how best to organize the display of monuments, what methodology and management technique should be used to make the excursion effective. The methodological development sets out the requirements of the excursion methodology, taking into account the characteristics of the objects being demonstrated and the content of the material presented. She disciplines the guide and must meet the following requirements: suggest to the guide ways to reveal the topic; equip him with the most effective methodological techniques of showing and telling; contain clear recommendations on how to organize an excursion; take into account the interests of a certain group of excursionists (if excursion options are available); combine showing and telling into a single whole.

Methodological development is compiled for each topic of the excursion, including a differentiated approach to preparing and conducting the excursion. The options for methodological development reflect the age, professional and other interests of excursionists, as well as the peculiarities of the methodology for its implementation.

The methodological development is prepared as follows:

The title page contains the following data: name of the excursion institution, name of the topic of the excursion, type of excursion, length of the route, duration in academic hours, composition of excursionists, names and positions of the compilers, date of approval of the excursion by the head of the excursion institution.
- the next page outlines the purpose and objectives of the excursion, a route diagram indicating objects and stops during the excursion.

The methodological development consists of three sections: introduction, main part and conclusion. The introduction and conclusion are not separated into columns. Here, for example, is what the recommendations for a guide look like about constructing an introduction to the methodological development of an excursion on the topic “Tyumen - the gateway to Siberia”: “First of all, you need to get to know the group, name the names of the guide and driver, then remind the excursionists of the rules of behavior on the bus, warning them that they will be able to ask questions and share their impressions when the time for this is provided. In the information part, it is necessary to name the topic, route, duration of the excursion, but it is advisable to do this in a way that attracts the attention of tourists to the topic, i.e. this; part of the introduction should be bright, emotional. It can begin with poems by A.S. Pushkin or a quote - a statement by the Decembrists about the untold riches of Siberia, the great future of this harsh region." The landing place of the group is determined in working order together with the customer, the starting point of the excursion is determined by methodological development.

Table 2.1

Sample methodological development of an excursion

The effectiveness of methodological development depends on the correct completion of all seven columns. The size of the development is 6-12 pages of typewritten text. The volume of the document depends on the number of excursion objects, the number of subtopics, the duration of the excursion in time and the length of the route.

In the column " Excursion route" is the starting point of the excursion and the end of the first subtopic.

In the column " Stops" these are the points on the route where exit from the bus is provided; it is intended to examine the object from the windows of the bus without excursionists exiting, or a stop on a walking tour is envisaged. You should not make such inaccurate entries as, for example: “Embankment of the Volga River” or “Central Square”. More correctly write down: “The embankment of the Volga River near the monument to N. A. Nekrasov.”

In the column " Display objects"list those memorable places, the main and additional objects that are shown to the group at a stop, during the transfer or movement of the group to the next stop.

In a country excursion, the objects of display can be a city, a village, an urban settlement as a whole, and when driving along the route - visible parts from a distance (a tall building, a tower, a bell tower, etc.). In a city tour, the objects of display can be a street or square.

Count " Duration of the excursion". The time that is called in this column is the sum of the time spent on showing this object, the guide's story (the part when there is no demonstration) and on the movement of tourists along the route to the next stop. Here it is also necessary to take into account the time spent on movement near the objects being inspected and between objects.

Count " Name of subtopics and list of main issues"contains brief notes. First of all, the subtopic is called, which is revealed on a given segment of the route, in a given period of time, at the objects listed in column 3. Here the main questions are formulated when disclosing the subtopic. For example, in a city sightseeing tour one of the subtopics is called “Poltava in the Northern War between Russia and Sweden.” The main issues covered in this subtopic are “Swedes in Ukraine” and “Battle of Poltava”. The subtopic “New Old Town” reveals the main issues: “Housing construction in the city”, “Development of culture and art”, “Construction of a sports complex”. The number of main questions included in a subtopic should not exceed five.

In the column " Organizational guidelines"place recommendations on the movement of the group, ensuring the safety of excursionists along the route and fulfilling sanitary and hygienic requirements, rules of conduct for excursion participants in memorial places and at historical and cultural monuments. Requirements for excursionists for nature protection and fire safety rules are also set out here. In this column include all questions that are included in the concept of “Technique of conducting an excursion.” Let’s give an example of an entry: “The group is positioned in such a way that all excursionists can see the entrance to the building.” “At this stop, excursionists are given time to take photographs.” include instructions on sanitary stops, recommendations on nature protection, rules for the movement of tourists at stops, especially near highways in order to ensure their safety.

When conducting industrial excursions and visiting working workshops, safety recommendations, excerpts from the instructions of the enterprise administration, mandatory rules of behavior for tourists at the enterprise are provided, and places where pauses are made in the story and show are named.

Count " Guidelines" defines the direction of the entire document, formulates the basic requirements for the guide on the methodology of conducting the excursion, and provides instructions on the use of methodological techniques. For example, in the excursion "Khatyn Memorial Complex" to the object "Defense Line of the 100th Infantry Division" two methodological instructions are given: " When revealing the subtopic, the technique of verbal comparison is used, information is given about the military potential of Nazi Germany at the time of its attack on the USSR" and "The story about the battles is carried out using the methodological technique of visual reconstruction of the place where the fighting took place."

It should be indicated where and how methodological techniques are applied. This column also outlines an option for a logical transition to the next subtopic, provides recommendations for displaying materials from the “guide’s portfolio”, and includes tips on using the movement of tourists relative to objects as a methodological technique (for example, “After observing the object and the guide’s story, tourists can independently continue to get acquainted with object", "The guide should explain the terms...", "When showing the battlefield, it is necessary to orient the tourists...", etc.).

Writing a custom text

Excursion practice is based on the fact that the basis of the guide’s story is custom text, which determines the sequence and completeness of the presentation of thoughts, helps the guide logically build his story. Each guide composes such a text independently. The basis for the individual text is the control text.

All individual texts, if there is a good control text, will have identical content, but different turns of phrase, different words, different sequence in the story, there may even be different facts, confirming the same position. Naturally, all guides, being at the same object, will say the same thing.

You should not hide the control text from those who are developing a new excursion, since a creative group of the most trained guides worked on the control text, and a guide preparing a new topic for himself will not be able to achieve what was done before him through collective efforts. After the guide’s preliminary work on the new topic is completed (collection, study and initial processing of material), he is allowed to familiarize himself with the control text. This will help him select material for the story, determine the optimal number of examples used to cover subtopics, and draw correct conclusions on the subtopics of the excursion and in general. A timely reference to the control text guarantees a higher level of beginner preparation for the excursion.

Main difference individual text from the control test is that it reflects the structure of the excursion and is built in full accordance with the methodological development of the excursion. The material is placed in the sequence in which objects are shown and has a clear division into parts. Each of them is dedicated to one of the subtopics. An individual text compiled in accordance with these requirements is a story ready for “use.” The individual text contains a complete statement of what should be covered on the excursion. When presenting the essence of historical events, there should be no abbreviations or assessments of their significance.

It is also not allowed to mention facts without dating them or citing sources. At the same time, this type of text reflects the peculiarities of the “performer’s” speech. The guide's story consists of separate parts, tied to visual objects. These parts are united by conclusions for each subtopic and logical transitions between subtopics (and objects). In an individual text, each subtopic is a separate story suitable for use during the excursion.

When composing an individual text, its author must not forget about the logic of the spoken speech, the fact that the word and the image (object) act, as a rule, on the senses of sightseers synchronously. The desire for lively presentation of material on excursions should not lead to attempts to entertain excursionists. When deciding on the combination of educational and entertaining elements on an excursion, the matter should be decided according to the formula: maximum educational and minimum entertainment. The question of legends has a special place in preparing the excursion. Only legends may be used in excursions.

In terms of content, both texts (control and individual) are the same. This means that if all guides who have mastered this topic have a correctly composed test text, the excursions are “standard.” They are identical in their content, coincide in their assessments of historical events and facts in the conclusions that are drawn on individual subtopics and on the topic as a whole.

When analyzing the same visual object, guides show and tell the same thing. This is the meaning of the control text as a standard.

However, with equal content, guides can use different figures of speech and may present recommended facts, figures and examples in a different sequence. The individuality of the excursion also lies in the fact that guides leading an excursion on the same topic may have different degrees of emotionality. They can, being at the same object, use different display techniques and forms of storytelling. The same situation can be illustrated using different examples. The text should be written in the first person and express your individuality.

Story and individual text

The success of the story depends on how close the individual text is to generally accepted speech, and how it takes into account the speech characteristics of the specific guide to whom this text belongs. “The degree of influence of various texts on our consciousness depends on many reasons and conditions (logic, evidence, novelty of the topic and information, the author’s psychological attitude towards influence or lack thereof, etc.).” However, speech, its properties, structure, and features play an equally important role.

The individual texts of almost all guides on the same topic are characterized by similarity in the content and presentation of the material, in the assessment of historical events, facts and examples. However, the stories of all guides are individual. How does the guide's personality express itself? All guides, conducting excursions on the same topic, tell the same thing, but say it differently. Their story is the same in content, but different in form, use of vocabulary, and emotional level.

The methodology requires the guide to remember, when compiling an individual text, the significant difference between the speech of the lecturer and the guide.

During the excursion, the guide is “hurried” by objects that need to be shown to the group. The two to three hours allotted for the excursion, the excursionists being on their feet and in the open air, force the guide to speak briefly, clearly characterize the monuments in front of the group, and concisely talk about the events associated with them.

The duration of the story should not exceed the time that the monument is able to attract the attention of tourists. Most often it is five to seven minutes. If this time is not respected, then no liveliness of the story, no methodological techniques can restore the attention of the tourists. It is no coincidence that the term “object language” is used in methodological literature. One of the tasks of the guide is to make the object “speak”.

Techniques for using custom text

The guide, just like the lecturer, can use his own individual text during the excursion. For ease of use, it is recommended to transfer the content of the story to special cards, where brief data about the object, the main thoughts of the story, individual quotes, and historical dates are written down. For each subtopic, several cards are filled out (usually according to the number of main questions).

Using cards, the guide does not read their contents during the excursion, but only by looking at them, recalls the contents of the story. If there is a significant break between objects during the excursion, the guide can look at the cards again and refresh his memory of the material in the story. Most often, cards are used as a summary of a story in preparation for an excursion. The exceptions are those cards that contain quotes and large excerpts from works of art, the content of which forms the basis of the literary montage technique. During the excursion they are read in full.

The card should be easy to use. A small size is recommended, about a quarter sheet of thick writing paper suitable for long-term use. The cards have serial numbers and are folded before the excursion, taking into account the sequence of subtopics covered.

Using cards on excursions is the right of every guide, but as they gain experience, they no longer need to do so. The fact that the cards are at hand and can be used at the right time gives the guide confidence in his knowledge.

The presence of an individual text does not mean that all of it must be learned by heart and conveyed to tourists word for word.

Logical transitions

The creators of the excursion are faced with the task of linking the content of all subtopics into a single whole. It can be solved with logical transitions, which should be considered as an important, although not independent, part of the excursion. Well-written logical transitions make the excursion coherent, ensure consistency in the presentation of the material, and guarantee that the next subtopic will be perceived with interest.

Often on excursions, when moving from one subtopic to another, they use formal (constructive) transitions. Formal is a transition that is not related to the content of the excursion and is not a “transition bridge” from one part of the excursion to another. (For example, “Now let’s drive around the square”, “Now we will follow you further”, “Let’s explore another remarkable place”). However, one should not deny the legitimacy of using such transitions in general and consider them one of the mistakes in excursion work.

In cases where movement between objects takes a matter of seconds, such transitions are inevitable: (For example, “Now look here” or “Please pay attention to the monument located nearby”). Such transitions are inevitable when viewing exhibitions in museums and exhibitions, where halls, thematic sections and individual stands dedicated to various subtopics are located close to each other. A constructive transition, while not being a “bridge” between subtopics, directs tourists to become familiar with the next object.

More efficient logical transition linked to the theme of the excursion. Such a transition may begin before the group moves to the next stop or may end already at the stop near the object. The logical transition is dictated not so much by the features of the excursion object, but by the content of the excursion itself, the subtopic after which this transition is made.

The duration of a logical transition is usually equal in time to the movement (transition) of a group from object to object, but it can be longer or shorter.

Acceptance (delivery) of excursions

If the test text and methodological development of the excursion are positively assessed, as well as if there is a complete “guide’s briefcase” and a route map, a date for acceptance (delivery) of the new excursion is set. The delivery of the excursion is entrusted to the head of the creative group. In case of absence due to illness or other valid reasons, the excursion is given by one of the members of the creative group. The leaders of the excursion institution, methodological workers, members of the creative group and the methodological section where the excursion was prepared, as well as the heads of other sections take part in the reception (delivery) of the excursion.

The reception (delivery) of the excursion is of a business nature and is carried out in the form of a creative discussion, exchange of opinions, and identification of shortcomings. Participants in the tour must be previously familiar with its control text and methodological development, route diagram, contents of the “guide’s portfolio,” list of used literature, etc.

Excursion approval

If there is a positive conclusion about the control text and methodological development, as well as on the basis of calculating the cost and determining the rate of profit of the new excursion, the head of the excursion institution issues an order to approve the new excursion topic and the list of guides allowed to conduct it.

Guides who took an active part in the development of the topic and were heard on the route or during the interview are allowed to work. The conclusion of the interview is made by the methodologist of the excursion and methodological department.

All other guides, who later independently prepared this topic, conduct a test tour in the usual manner. Guides (regardless of their work experience) are allowed to conduct excursions on a topic that is new to them only if they have individual text after listening and issuing the appropriate order.

Conclusions

Mandatory documentation on the topic. Preparing a new excursion theme is a complex process. This work is considered completed when all necessary documents are prepared. Documentation on excursion topics is stored in the methodological office.

Table 2.2.

Documentation required for each theme

The basis for the development of a new excursion route is usually new excursion sites included in the route.

Of the huge potential of natural, historical, and archeological monuments available in our region, a small part is shown on excursions.

Creating a new excursion on any topic is a complex process that requires the active participation of a whole team of workers. The preparation of a new excursion is entrusted to the creative group. It consists of 3 to 7 people. Most of them are tour guides working in the institution. “Preparation of a new excursion goes through three main stages:

1. Preliminary work - selection of materials for the future excursion, their study. At the same time, the selection of objects on which the excursion will be based takes place.

2 The direct development of the excursion itself includes: drawing up an excursion route; processing of factual material; work on the content of the excursion, its main part, consisting of several basic questions; writing test text; work on the methodology for conducting the excursion; choosing the most effective techniques of showing and telling during the excursion; preparation of methodological development of a new excursion; writing individual texts by guides.

3. The final stage is reception (protection of the excursion) on the route. Approval of a new excursion by the head of the excursion institution, admission of guides who have defended their topic to work on the route.”

In its simplest form, the scheme of all excursions, regardless of the topic, type and form of conduct, is the same: introduction, main part, conclusion.

The main part is built on specific excursion objects, a combination of story and demonstration. Its content consists of several subtopics that must be revealed on objects and united by a theme. The number of excursion subtopics is usually from 5 to 12.

The conclusion, like the introduction, is not related to excursion objects. It should take 5-7 minutes.

In the process of preparing a new excursion, a number of main stages can be distinguished, which are arranged in a certain order:

1. Determining the goals and objectives of the excursion.

Selecting a topic.

Selection of literature and compilation of bibliography.

Determining sources of excursion material.

Selection and study of excursion objects.

Drawing up an excursion route.

Detour or bypass route.

Preparation of control text for the excursion.

Completing the “tour guide’s briefcase”.

Determination of methodological techniques for conducting an excursion.

Determination of excursion techniques.

Drawing up methodological development.

Compilation of individual texts.

Acceptance (delivery) of excursions.

Excursion approval.

Documentation required for each topic:

List of references on the topic;

Object cards;

Control text of the excursion;

4) Individual texts from tour guides;

5) Route diagram

Tour guide's briefcase;

Methodological development on the topic;

Excursion materials;

List of guides who conduct excursions on the topic.

Consequently, creating a new excursion is a complex process that requires great effort and skill from a number of employees of the excursion institution.

Each excursion must have a purpose. The purpose of the excursion is why historical, cultural and other objects are shown to tourists. Correct definition of the goal is of great importance: it can influence the formulation of the topic and help in the selection and coverage of material. The ultimate goal should be the excursion show and tell. The purpose of the excursion can be the education of patriotism, respect for work and other nations; aesthetic or moral education; broadening one's horizons, gaining additional knowledge in various fields of science and culture, etc.

Choosing a theme

Each excursion must have a clearly defined theme, which is the subject of the show and tell and the substantive core of the excursion, since it is the theme that determines the selection of excursion objects and unites the subtopics of the excursion and the whole.

The theme regulates the excursion story, not allowing the guide to tell everything he knows about the object, especially in cases where the object is multifaceted. The theme also regulates the display of excursion objects: however, numerous objects can be located along the group’s route, but only those that relate to the theme of this excursion should be shown.

Each topic is a combination of several subtopics, which should be characterized by completeness and logical completeness. The compositional center of the excursion, around which the show and story is built, is the leading subtheme.

The topic has been chosen, you need to think about its wording. Consequently, the topic of the excursion and its name are not the same thing. The name of the excursion is its business card, therefore it should be bright, memorable, adequate to the content of the excursion, and as short as possible.

Selection of literature and compilation of bibliography

When developing a new excursion, information on this topic can be drawn from literary sources: books, brochures, articles. A lot of useful information on the history of the region, region or city can be obtained from the local periodical press.

Determining sources of excursion material

In addition to literature, materials on the topic of the excursion can be found in other sources, which include state and personal archives, exhibitions and museum collections, chronicles, documentaries, popular science, art, computer encyclopedias, photographic documents, etc. As sources of excursion information The material may include memories of participants and eyewitnesses of metric events, consultations with specialists and scientists.

Selection and study of excursion objects

The following may serve as excursion objects: architectural and urban planning monuments - architectural ensembles and complexes, historical centers, neighborhoods, squares, streets, remains of ancient planning and development of settlements;

· archaeological monuments - fortifications, mounds, earthworks, remains of ancient settlements, roads, canals, mounds with burials, stone sculptures, rock carvings;

· monuments of art - works of monumental, fine, decorative and applied arts, and other types of art;

· natural monuments - forests, groves, gardens, parks, rivers, lakes, ponds, nature reserves and sanctuaries, individual trees, relict ones;

· exposition of state and folk museums, art galleries, permanent and temporary exhibitions;

· memorable places - places associated with the most important events in the life of the country, the development of society and the state.

The status of a monument is assigned to the most aesthetically or historically significant objects, after which state or local inspections for the protection of monuments are engaged in their protection. At the end of the 20th century. More than 150 thousand historical, archeological and cultural monuments were registered with the state, and about 40 million exhibits were stored in the country's museums.

The task when preparing an excursion is to select from the many monuments that correspond to the theme of the excursion the most interesting ones in terms of appearance and the information they carry, since the correct selection of objects, their quantity, and the sequence of display affect the quality and effectiveness of the excursion.

The correct selection of monuments as excursion objects provides a visual basis for the perception of the excursion and a deep disclosure of its theme.

The excursion may include both objects of one group, for example architectural monuments, and objects of different groups: architectural monuments, historical monuments, natural monuments, memorable places. The set of objects depends on the same factors: the topic of the excursion, its purpose, and the composition of the excursion group. Monotony should be avoided in the construction of the visual series, especially in city sightseeing tours.

During the preparation of the excursion, it is recommended to study objects directly at their location, in their natural environment. This allows the guide to freely navigate the monument, skillfully conduct a demonstration, and give a clearer verbal description.

The selection of excursion objects ends with the preparation of a card, or passport, for each of them. The card contains information that characterizes this object in many ways:

1) the name of the object (original and modern, as well as the name by which the monument is known among the population);

historical event with which the monument is associated, its date;

location of the object, its postal address;

source of information about the monument (literature, archival data, oral traditions, etc.);

6) safety of the monument (condition of the monument and the territory in which it is located, date of last repair, restoration). protection of the monument (who is entrusted with it, by what decision); 7) excursions in which the monument is used as a display object;

8) date of drawing up the card.

A photograph of the object is attached to the card, reproducing its current and former views.

Thus, when developing a new excursion, the objects that form the visual basis for the disclosure of the topic are of decisive importance. Completion of the work on selecting objects for a future excursion and their characteristics allows us to proceed to drawing up the excursion route.

Drawing up an excursion route

The excursion route is a well-thought-out, most convenient route for the excursion group to follow, facilitating the disclosure of the topic.

The preparation of the route is determined by the theme of the excursion, the location of the objects, the presence of paths for entrances (approaches) and areas for display and inspection of objects. The excursion route should be structured in such a way as to ensure that objects are shown in a logical sequence and create a visual basis for revealing the topic.

When developing a bus route, you should be guided by the “Road Rules”, “Charter road transport", "Rules for the transportation of female passengers" and other departmental regulations. Development transport route ends with calculation of mileage and time of use vehicle.

Detour or detour

When organizing a detour or walk around the route, the following tasks are set: to become familiar with the group’s route along the route; clarify the location of objects and places of proposed stops; master the entrance or approach to objects and parking areas; select sites for the excursion approach and the location of the group; time the display of objects, their verbal descriptions, movement between objects, specifying the duration of the excursion as a whole.

Preparation of control text for the excursion

The text represents the material necessary for the most complete disclosure of all subtopics of the excursion. It formulates a certain point of view on the facts and events that the excursion is devoted to, and gives their objective assessment. Working on the text allows the guide to carefully consider the material for the story, select the main thing, outline the logical course of presentation of the material, generalize it, formulate conclusions and logical transitions from one subtopic to another or from one object to another.

The following requirements are imposed on the text: brevity, clarity of wording, availability of information on the topic, a sufficient amount of factual material (dates, numbers, titles, surnames, etc.), full disclosure of the topic, literary language.

The control text should be easy to use. Quotes, figures and examples are accompanied by links to sources.

Completing the “tour guide’s briefcase”

“Tour guide’s briefcase” is the conventional name for a set of visual aids used during the excursion. In reality, a set of materials fits into a folder, package or small briefcase.

The purpose of the “guide’s briefcase” is to restore the missing links during the display and to give a visual idea of ​​the object. This is advisable when not all objects necessary to reveal the topic can be shown in kind: something has not been preserved, and something still exists only in the project. In a word, the “guide’s briefcase” allows you to maximally replenish the visual range of the excursion with emotional, vivid material that can help the guide revive the story.

The “guide’s portfolio” includes cards with quotes, photographs, geographical maps, diagrams, drawings, drawings, copies of original documents, manuscripts, reproductions of works of fine art, samples of industrial products, herbariums, collections of minerals, soils, insects, models, dummies.

Determination of methodological techniques for conducting an excursion

The choice of one or another methodological method of showing or telling is determined by the objectives of the excursion, the saturation of visual objects, the excursion audience, and the time of the excursion.

Methodological techniques used during the excursion can be divided into several groups:

methodological techniques for excursion demonstration and storytelling, necessary to cover the subtopics of the excursion;

methodological techniques for working with a specific excursion audience (adults, children);

methodological techniques for different times of the excursion (winter, summer, day, evening);

methodological techniques for using visual aids from the “guide’s portfolio”;

methodological techniques that help maintain the attention of tourists and enhance the process of perceiving excursion material.

Determination of excursion techniques

Excursion technique - these are all the organizational aspects of the excursion process that the guide must clearly understand and know how to implement them. TO organizational issues excursions include the following: introduction of the guide to the group, exit of the excursionists from the bus, etc.

Drawing up methodological development

A methodological development is a document that determines how to conduct a given excursion, how to organize a display of objects and a story about them, what methodology and technique should be used to make the excursion most successful. The methodological development summarizes and generalizes all the previous work of the guide in preparing the excursion.

The actual methodological development, reflecting the composition of the excursion, consists of an introduction, the main part and a conclusion. The introduction and conclusion are drawn up in the form of a brief plan outlining the sequence of actions of the guide.

Drawing up an individual excursion text

The individual text is the basis of the guide’s story or is a story ready for execution). The individual text contains a complete and clear statement of what should be told on the excursion. The material is placed in the same sequence in which objects are shown and has a clear division into parts.

The main difference between an individual text and a control text is in accordance with the excursion route. Individual and control texts coincide in content, in assessments of historical events and facts, in conclusions that are drawn on certain subtopics and on the topic of the excursion and in general.

Acceptance (delivery) of excursions. Excursion approval

To accept (delivery) an excursion and its approval, the following documentation on the topic of the excursion is required:

1) a list of literature on the topic (the weight of the book, brochure, article that was used in the development is listed);

cards (passports) of objects included in the route (contain information characterizing the excursion object: type of monument, its name, event with which it is associated, location, brief description, authors and time of creation of the monument, sources of information about it):

control text of the excursion (contains material selected and verified from sources that reveals the topic; the content of the text reveals subtopics and main questions, serves as the basis for the introduction, conclusion, and logical transitions);

4) individual text of the guide (contains material presented by a specific guide in accordance with the methodological development, structure of the excursion, its route; characteristics of objects and events);

5) diagram (map) of the route (the route of the group is shown, the beginning and end of the route, objects of display, places are indicated; for their observation, stops for the group to reach the objects);

“tour guide’s briefcase” (contains photographs, diagrams, drawings, copies of documents, samples of enterprise products and other visual aids);

materials on the topic of the excursion (abstracts, references, tables, digital material, quotes from literary works, etc.)

methodological development of an excursion (contains recommendations for conducting an excursion: methodological techniques and stories are named, the sequence of demonstrating objects, visual aids, and techniques for conducting an excursion are determined, taking into account a differentiated approach to excursionists).

Thus, preparing a new excursion is a long, complex and labor-intensive process. After the guide has gone through all the above stages of preparing the excursion and the excursion has been accepted and approved by the head of the institution conducting the excursion, it is advisable to consider and master the features and methodology of conducting the excursion.

Creative project “Creation of a guide and excursion routes around the Kizhinginsky district in real and virtual space”

Relevance of the project

With great interest we read books about distant countries, memorize mysterious names, learn about high mountains and hot deserts, stormy seas and caves, fabulous animals and plants, aurora and volcanic eruptions. And our native land seems so inconspicuous, gray and boring that there seems to be nothing to talk about it. Only with age does a person begin to understand and feel the modest beauty of his native forests and fields, the exciting quiet blue of our rivers and lakes, and see poetry in the names of villages and hamlets. I would like for each person to discover their own region as early as possible, and for this interest to remain as long as possible!

We believe that our region has attractive natural and historical and cultural tourism resources - Buddhist datsans, stupas, tiled burials, sacred holy places, living water of the Arshans, geological and archaeological monuments, museums, folk ensembles, folk arts and crafts, unique culture of peoples , inhabiting our area, famous people, etc.. I would like as many people on earth as possible to know about our small homeland.

That's why we called our project:“Creation of a guide and excursion routes around the Kizhinginsky district in real and virtual space.”

We believe that our project will contribute to the development of tourism in the area and will create an information resource for real and virtual excursion routes.Will make it accessible to a wide range of people, including people with disabilities local history, historical and cultural material accumulated by local historians, teachers, and simply people who are passionate about the history of their region through the development and conduct of walking, bus and virtualexcursions around the native land.

Project goal: Development of a guide and excursion routes around the Kizhinginsky district in real and virtual space.

Project objectives:

1. Identify the sights of the Kizhinginsky district

2. Develop excursion routes to these attractions in different versions, accompanied by excursion texts

3. Creation and design of a guide to the area

Resource support for the project

1. Creative and research work on local history, history, flora and fauna of the Kizhinga region

2. Internet access from the school computer science and ICT room

3. Possibility of trips to regional and republican archives and museums

4. Communication with school, village museums, folk ensembles, rural houses culture of the area, recreation centers such as Orotsky Arshan

5. Close connection with local and district authorities, veterans’ councils, and the media

6. Sponsorship public organizations and school graduates.

7. School, rural and district libraries

8. Communication with schoolchildren in our district and schoolchildren from other regions of the Republic (in particular the Eravninsky district), as well as students of school No. 60 for social adaptation of disabled children, etc.

As we see, wide range opportunities that need to be used wisely to achieve the set goals and objectives.

Required equipment for the project

PC connected to the Internet, Microsoft Word, scanning and image processing software, PowerPoint, multimedia projector, screen, camcorder

The originality of our project is that these excursion routes require a minimum of material resources, our tourist product has only one component: - geographical - the route itself and its program; and is in the nature of an environmental action.

Stages of work

Work on developing a route involves several stages: preparatory, practical (basic), analytical (summarizing). Each stage includes step-by-step actions to ensure the effectiveness of the work.

I. Preparatory stage:

1. Study of special literature on the preparation and conduct of excursions, analyze the experience of creating an excursion route in order to form an excursion and environmental culture.

2. Creation of an information resource on local history, history, culture, flora and fauna of the Kizhinga region

3. Identification of excursion objects for creating routes.

4. Determining the circle of people for cooperation in creating routes

5. Development of an activity program

II. Main stage:

Creation of creative groups in the direction of the project

Guide training

Creation of the website “Guide to the Kizhinginsky District”

Release of booklets and project guide

Testing of excursion routes for students of the district, districts of the Republic, the city of Ulan-Ude and the adult population

III. Analytical

Identifying errors and shortcomings in work, drawing up a correction plan taking into account comments from website visitors and tourists along the route

A project is considered successful if:

Positive feedback about the project will be received

The project participants will have a desire to continue joint activities

There will be demand for the project

Reality of implementation and practical value of the project

The practical value of the project lies in the development of a guide and excursion routes around the region, which may be in demand by school students, as well as people whose time in the Kizhinginsky district is limited - vacationers at natural healing springs, children’s camps, specialists arriving on a business trip, and virtual excursions can be visited by people with disabilities. Excursion group can travel by bus or on foot, making stops at the most interesting attractions. The developed presentations will also allow you to conduct a correspondence tour of your native land.

Expected results:

As a result of successful implementation of the project, there will be:

A positive image of the small homeland has been formed among immigrants from the Kizhinginsky district

Visitors to the site and the area will get acquainted with the historical, cultural and natural attractions of their native land

The flow of tourists to the area will increase

Virtual excursions will be in demand by people with disabilities and will be used by teachers in their work

A visit to the site will arouse interest in the history and traditions of our people

Living in the region, on the territory unique places, we not only do not visit them, but we also know little about them. During the implementation of the project we will gain knowledge about wonderful places, not only where they were born, but also about other equally amazing corners of the Kizhinga land. There will be an interest in the history and culture of the native region, its historical past, activity in the search for local history material, and interest in the unique nature of the native land. We will know the sights of our small homeland. As a result, there will be a feeling of pride in one’s land, in its unique beauty, which means one can assume that the goal and objectives of the project have been fulfilled.

First results of the project

Information block:

Creative and research works of students of the Orot school in local history take prizes not only in the region, in the Republic, but also at All-Russian and International competitions

2. Practical block:

Two excursion routes were prepared and conducted for students of the Eravninsky district:

Shiringa - Orot. The guys from the Shiringa secondary school came to visit us. We showed and talked about the most interesting sights of the village of Orot, received them in the best traditions and customs of the Buryat people, with an offering of hadak, and at the Orot Arshan we held environmental games and showed a concert. In turn, new friends from Eravna conducted a correspondence tour of their native land.

Orot - Komsomolskoe.The main goal of the route was to get acquainted with the flora, fauna, and history of our native land.Arriving in the village of Komsomolskoye, first of all we met with the school children, and a “Let’s get acquainted!” training was held. After getting acquainted, our team gave an excursion - a presentation around their small homeland. We talked about the sights of our settlement, including the healing spring of Orot Arshan. Our new friends listened to our speech with attention and interest. They asked questions. In turn, the children of the Komsomolsk secondary school conducted an environmental excursion along the ecological trail of the village of Komsomolsk and the school museum. Then we got acquainted with the valley of the Pogromnoye River, visited the Egitinsky quarry of fluorite deposits, along the way we studied the flora of this area, and examined the location of bentonite clays. Just like ours, in the vicinity of the village there is a unique water feature “Pogromninsky Spring”. As you know, the Eravninsky district is famous for its lakes, so our friends from the Komsomolskaya school invited us to visit Bolshaya Eravna - the lakes that are located in the regional center of the village of Sosnovoozersk. We were delighted with this spectacle! After all, in our area you rarely see such an amount of water. We enjoyed swimming, chatting with new friends, exchanging email addresses, playing interesting games, and taking souvenir photos.

The project was implemented: “Unified uniform and emblem of the tour guide team”

List of developed excursions

“History and modernity of the Chuvash migrants in the village of Orot, Kizhinginsky district”

“The disappeared village of Yekhe - Gorkhon”

“Historical and cultural atlas of the village of Orot”

“Orotsky Arshan as an object of natural and cultural heritage”

"Famous people of my small homeland"

"Traditions and customs of the Buryats"

“Village Compound” (introduction to colorful life and traditional cuisine)

Sightseeing tour of the village with a visit to Orotsky Arshan and attractions.

Project development prospects

Creation of the website “Guide and excursion routes in the Kizhinginsky district”

Find students from other cities (countries) on the Internet and exchange information about your region with them.

Development of a virtual game: “Get to know your small homeland”

Project budget

Expense item

Amount in rubles

Stationery (A4 paper, pens, notepads, pencils, etc.)

1000

Website creation

3000

Camcorder

Expenses for fuel and lubricants

500 l.* 32 = 16000

Available:

Camera

Computer with Internet access

Printer

Total