Streletsky Gate. Kolomenskoye Museum-Reserve. Palace of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich

Spassky Gate of the Kolomenskoye Museum-Reserve

The Spassky Gate was built in the 1670s together with the walls of the Sovereign's courtyard and was intended to enter the economic part of the palace estate. The name of the gate comes from one of the icons located above the arches of the gate - an image of the Savior. The gate also has a second long-standing name - “Back”.

The Spassky Gate provided two passages: a narrow one for pedestrians and a wider one for convoys with cargo. In ancient times, gate doors were solid. Adjacent to the south of the gate were two buildings of the Streletsky guardhouses, which were built in the 1680s and served for guard duty on the outside and inside of the royal estate. The guardhouses were destroyed in 1814 during the construction of the palace of Emperor Alexander I.

In 2001-2003, workers of the Moscow State United Museum-Reserve carried out full-scale work to restore the gate, and in 2007 the Streletsky guardhouses were reconstructed.

The Kolomenskoye Museum-Reserve is located in the southeast of Moscow. On a vast territory of 390 hectares there are many historical and architectural objects, there is also a new building, such as the palace of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. And the Church of the Ascension of the Lord in Kolomenskoye is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Besides all this, Kolomenskoye is the most beautiful landscape park, where not only Muscovites stroll, but also city guests who come to Moscow every year from all over the world.

How to get to the Kolomenskoye Museum-Reserve

The park occupies a truly huge territory, so you can get here from two metro stations at once. Kashirskaya metro station and Kolomenskoye metro station. There is a difference where to get off, but to decide on a metro station, you need to decide what you want to visit first. From Kashirskaya station you can easily and quickly walk to the palace of Alexei Mikhailovich, and from Kolomenskoye station to the Church of the Resurrection of the Lord. Only this can serve as criteria for choosing a station, because both of these stations are located on the same metro line.

The road to Kolomenskoye Park from the metro is easier and more convenient in the first option, that is, from Kashirskaya station. Here we need to cross the square and take the underground passage to checkpoint No. 5 of the Kolomenskoye Museum-Reserve. Entrance to the territory is free, but since this is a protected area, dogs are not allowed here.

We entered the park from the Kashirskoye Highway, a little to the south, through checkpoint No. 6. In general, the park has quite a few entrances and exits, and next to each there is a map of the park, so it will be difficult to get lost. The whole walk is unlikely to take you more than 4-5 hours.

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Palace of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich

There are several wide asphalt roads in the park; they even have names like real streets. The one we went along is called 1st Street Dyakovo Gorodishche.

Along it on both sides there is a temporary exhibition of modern sculpture.

After walking no more than a hundred meters, we turn left and find ourselves at the palace of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. This particular palace was built in 2010, and it was recreated according to plans and images of the real palace of Alexei Mikhailovich, built in 1672. The palace served the Romanov dynasty for a hundred years and in 1767, already dilapidated, it was dismantled by order of Empress Catherine II.

The palace is beautiful and majestic. The interior spaces house many exhibitions. Main excursion, which can be purchased at the palace ticket office, is a tour of the chambers of the king and princes with access to the observation deck of the palace. Expositions of the Alexei Mikhailovich Palace include the male and female halves of the palace and an exhibition of treasures of Russian art of the 17th century. In addition to permanent exhibitions, the palace also houses imported exhibitions, which can be found on the official website of the Kolomenskoye Museum-Reserve. When going to exhibitions and expositions in the palace of Alexei Mikhailovich, keep in mind that almost all museums in our country are not open on Mondays, this one is no exception.

Newlyweds like to conduct photo sessions on the palace grounds; by the way, wedding photo sessions, as well as amateur photography in the palace, are paid additionally.

At the other entrance to the palace, where another asphalt road leads directly from the entrance to which you can approach from the Kashirskaya metro station, there is a miniature monument to Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. Yes, this is the Empress, on horseback and in the uniform of the Preobrazhensky Regiment. The same monument was installed in Baltiysk, the only difference is that the height of the monument in Baltiysk is 6.3 meters.

Kolomenskoye Park

From here we have a long walk ahead to the next attraction, but for now we can take a leisurely stroll past the clover fields and apple orchard. Not far from the garden there is Observation deck with a panorama of the Moscow River.

Further the road passes by the Temple of the Beheading of John the Baptist in Dyakovo. We did not enter the temple territory.

After this, we will go down and up to Golosov Ravine along the red wooden stairs. In the ravine on the right there are two ponds, Verkhny and Nizhny Kolomenskoye. They went unnoticed by us.

Rising from the ravine we saw the top of the main attraction of the Kolomna Nature Reserve. By the way, there is a stand with a map of the walking health route. So, if you wish, a health path awaits you in Kolomenskoye. Here you are free to choose further route. You can turn right and go to the Church of the Ascension of the Lord from below, or you can continue moving straight, so we will come to the house of Peter I. In any case, all the main attractions are located on the right hand along our route, so we need to move to the right.

This is the house of Peter I. It was here that Peter lived in 1702, although not for long, only two months, observing the construction of warships and the fortifications of Arkhangelsk. Peter’s house moved to Kolomenskoye only in 1934, as part of the preservation of historical values. Inside the house, the interior of the light rooms from the time of Peter I has been recreated. And in front of the house itself there is a monument to the Russian Tsar and the first All-Russian Emperor.

Further, through the preserved fragments of the wall, we find ourselves in the very place where the palace of Alexei Mikhailovich in Kolomenskoye used to be. The Petition Pillar, an architectural monument of the 17th century, is also located here. This was the place for submitting requests and complaints to the sovereign, as well as for the public announcement of royal decrees. The petition pillar, like most of the buildings of the royal estate, was destroyed during Patriotic War 1812 and subsequently restored.

We find ourselves at the Front Gate. It was through them that the entrance to the king's residence was carried out. This may seem surprising, but the central entrance was precisely from the Moskva River.

Church of the Ascension of the Lord in Kolomenskoye

Behind the wall there is an entire ensemble of buildings from the 17th century. This is the refectory, Vodovzvodnaya tower, church belfry, Palace pavilion and of course the main object not only of this ensemble, but of the entire museum-reserve in Kolomenskoye - the Temple of the Ascension of the Lord.

The territory of the complex is decorated not only with flower beds with beautiful flowers and an evenly trimmed lawn, but also with real cannons from the 17th century.

The Church of the Ascension of the Lord in Kolomenskoye is the oldest building in Kolomenskoye and its age dates back to 1528. It was built on steep slopes at the base of a spring flowing here. The temple is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. The temple was built as a place of worship. They prayed in it for the childbearing of the grand-ducal family.

From the Temple you can go down to the embankment and return to the ravine from where we came here by another road.

Well, we leave the same way as we came, but we walk from the temple strictly straight along Lipovaya Alley, so that on our right is the Temple of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God in Kolomenskoye. The temple was built in the 50s of the 17th century and dedicated to the birth of the heir Alexei Mikhailovich, son Dmitry.

Linden Alley ends with the Spassky Gate, which is called “rear” in 17th-century drawings. As befits a gate of that era, it has two spans for convoys and pedestrians. All excursions around the Kolomenskoye Museum-Reserve usually gather and start here.

Museum of Wooden Architecture

Along the embankment we move to the left past Peter’s Dutch house and soon find ourselves in the territory of wooden buildings. They are modern, but built in the style of ancient Russian architecture.

And this is the Tower of the Bratsk prison, from here it opens beautiful view to the Church of the Ascension of the Lord.

From here you can see another temple. This is the Wooden Church of St. George the Victorious in Kolomenskoye.

From this part of the museum-reserve you can go to the Kolomenskoye metro station. From this place to the Kolomenskoye metro station is no more than 1 km, and if you count from the exit from the museum-reserve to the Kolomenskoye metro station, the distance will be only 600 meters.

The walk turned out to be long. If you count from the entrance to the exit, it’s a little less than 6 km. If you add visiting exhibitions and expositions to the walk, you will get much more. On a hot summer day, only benches in the shade of trees and a reserve will help you cope with such a route. drinking water. And if the museum-reserve in Kolomenskoye will provide you with the first, then the second is entirely up to you - don’t make a mistake. To sum it up, we can say that the park in Kolomenskoye perfect place for walks. It's clean and fresh here. Here you can admire not only nature, but what was created by man, both our contemporary and the man who lived five hundred years ago.

The next estate that I decided to visit in one of May days, became Kolomenskoye - the former royal estate and a village near Moscow. Now it is a state art historical-architectural and natural landscape museum-reserve, which is located south of the center of Moscow and occupies an area of 390 hectares.

As usual, for starters, a little information, thanks to which you can trace the entire history of Kolomenskoye and have a good understanding of where I was heading:

1336 - the first written mention of Kolomenskoye in the spiritual letter (will) of Ivan Kalita
1528-1532 - construction of the famous hipped Church of the Ascension of the Lord
1651 - construction of the Church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God
1667-1668 - construction Terem Palace Alexei Mikhailovich (was dismantled under Catherine II)
1923 - foundation of the museum-reserve
1994 - The Church of the Ascension of the Lord in Kolomenskoye is included in the list World Heritage UNESCO
2001-2007 - restoration work was carried out

The closest to the entrance to the museum-reserve is the Kolomenskaya metro station on the Zamoskvoretskaya line. There is also a railway station of the same name, which is located to the west, but judging by the map you will have to make your way through not very good roads through industrial enterprises and garages, and it will take more time. So I took the metro to the Kolomenskaya station and, leaving the first car, found myself right next to the exit. From the station we had to walk about 700 meters south along Andropov Avenue before ending up near the fences of the museum-reserve.

In general, there are several passages (checkpoints) to Kolomenskoye. The most noticeable, it seemed to me, are two of them:
— at the intersection of Andropov Avenue and Kolomensky Proezd. You can get through it if you walk from the Kolomenskaya station to the south for about 1 km.
— at the intersection of Kashirskoye Highway and Andropov Avenue. I just left through it and got almost immediately to the Kashirskaya metro station.

I didn’t bother to get to any of them and entered the reserve through one of the open gates, which was the first one I came across while I was walking from the Kolomenskaya metro station. Then I headed down the alley.

Along it there are such cut trees.

Behind them is excursion bureau of the museum-reserve.

Nearby there is a stand with a plan of the reserve. Therefore, before going further, I had to carefully study the map and choose optimal route, which would allow you to see as many sights as possible.

Near the large stand with the map there are Spassky Gate. They were built in the 1670s along with the walls of the Sovereign's courtyard and served as the entrance to the economic part of the palace estate.

The name of the gate comes from one of the icons above the passage arches - the image of the Savior. Another ancient name for them is also known - “Back”. The gate has two passages: a wide one for convoys with cargo and a narrow one for pedestrians. In 2001-2003, employees of the Moscow State United Museum-Reserve carried out full-scale restoration work on the Rear Gate.

Having passed through the gate, to my left there is a white wall - the former fence of the Sovereign's courtyard, which adjoins the Spassky Gate from the north-west and continues towards the Church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God. On the other side of me was the Wall of the Feed Yard, which represents fragments of the 17th-century city of the Sovereign's Court that have survived to this day. The fence, partly built in stone and partly in wooden structures, seemed to enclose the buildings of the Sovereign's courtyard in its rectangle, thereby ensuring the security of the royal residence. During its existence, it was repeatedly repaired and rebuilt, and to this day has survived only in fragments.

Behind the Spassky Gate there is a restored layout of the territory of the Sovereign's Feeding Yard for the period of the 17th century. It was a complex of stone structures erected simultaneously with the wooden palace of Alexei Mikhailovich in 1667-1668. Here they baked bread, prepared a variety of dishes from meat, game, fish, cereals and vegetables, and stored supplies. The wall and outbuildings fell into disrepair by the middle of the 18th century, and in 1815 the main part of the buildings was dismantled, and the wall was preserved.

At the beginning of the 21st century, a comprehensive architectural and archaeological study of the territory was carried out. The foundations of outbuildings, cellars and the adjacent Streltsy guardhouses were uncovered and museumized.

By the way, this is where I was wooden palace Alexei Mikhailovich, which due to its disrepair was dismantled in the 18th century. Large trees have grown in its place over more than 200 years. Trying to preserve the resulting garden, the builders are recreating the palace in another place.

Lost among the trees monument to Alexander II. It was discovered and transported to Kolomenskoye from the village of Shaidorovo in the early 1970s. The monument was erected by the peasants of the village of Shaidorovo in gratitude to Emperor Alexander II for the abolition of serfdom on a street or intersection, as it was designed to be viewed from different points of view. By the time of its discovery, the monument was devoid of icons, which were placed in icon cases along the four sides of the pillar, as well as text inscriptions. In 2005, restoration of the monument was carried out by specialist restorers.

But most of all in the area up to the Front Gate stands out Church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God.

It was originally made of wood and was built under Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich in the 1630s. In 1651, the current brick church building was built to replace the wooden one.

Located in the center of the Sovereign's courtyard, the church served as a home, family church for the royal persons who lived here.

The temple was connected to the large wooden palace of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, built in 1667, by a closed passage gallery. With transfer royal palace to a new location in the 60s of the 18th century, the church became the parish church of Kolomenskoye.

Currently, services are held year-round in the Church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God. You can go inside freely, which is what I did.

Opposite the Spassky Gate, on the other side of the former Sovereign's courtyard, there is a complex Front gate with several attached buildings. They were also built during the reign of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich in 1673. This was the main gate of the royal summer residence, since the main entrance to Kolomenskoye at that time was from the Moscow River along the “embassy” road, and it was through them that distinguished guests entered the Sovereign’s courtyard.

The central part of the Front Gate ensemble is the complex four-tiered rectangular building of the Front Gate, standing on a white stone plinth. In the lower tier it is cut through by two vaulted openings of different heights, intended for passage and for pedestrians. In the second tier there is a large Organ Chamber, in which the “lion's roar” mechanism was installed, which powered the huge figures of lions. The third tier housed the clock mechanism. Above him, in the openings of the tower, the clock's bells hung.

At the top of the blind octagonal tent, a wooden royal double-headed eagle with a crown was installed, sealed with white iron.

On the north side, stone one-story chambers adjoin the Front Gate Prikaznaya hut, in which the administrative management of the huge farm of the royal estate was concentrated.

Adjoined on the south side Colonel's Chambers and Glacier Room with a unique white stone drainage system, which served to drain water from the ice that melted in the cellars.

In 2002-2003, after full-scale comprehensive scientific and research restoration work was carried out, the roof was replaced to recreate the white stone plinth, thanks to which the historical, original appearance of the Gate was revealed.

A general view of the ensemble of buildings near the Front Gate opens from the Church of the Ascension of the Lord.

Not far from the Front Gate is outbuilding XVII century - meadery. In 1927, one of the first monuments of wooden architecture was transported to Kolomenskoye from the territory former village Preobrazhensky. In 2001, emergency repair and restoration work was carried out. I was amazed by the huge trunks of larch trees, up to half a meter in diameter, that make up the meadery.

But the main attraction of Kolomenskoye is Church of the Ascension. She appears before the eye immediately after passing through the Front Gate.

The Church of the Ascension of the Lord was built in 1532 by decree of the Great Moscow Prince Vasily III according to a vow in honor of the birth of the long-awaited heir Ivan, in the future - the first Russian Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible.

Consecrated in honor of the Feast of the Ascension of the Lord, the temple became the first example of a stone tent-roofed structure in Rus': its cruciform volume in plan is covered by a high octagonal cone-tent.

The Church of the Ascension of the Lord for a long time remained the most tall building in Rus' (62 meters). In 1994 the church was included in UNESCO World Heritage List .

At the beginning of the 21st century, employees of the Moscow State United Museum-Reserve carried out a full-scale restoration of the church, recreated the iconostasis, and opened a museum exhibition in the basement - the lower floor of the church. In 2007, the restoration of the temple was completed and the grand opening of the monument took place. Despite its venerable age, the temple has not undergone significant alterations or reconstructions, which was one of the reasons for including the monument on the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Between the Front Gate and the Church of the Ascension there is a building Refectory Church of St. George(building of the mid-19th century), which together with the adjacent St. George's Bell Tower 16th century single complex St. George's Church. The bell tower served as a belfry for the Church of the Ascension of the Lord.

The 19th century building was erected on the site of an earlier 17th century extension to the western side of the bell tower by the architect E.D. Tyurin. In 2004, restoration work was carried out. After restoration, the external architectural appearance of the Refectory was recreated according to the design of E.D. Tyurin.

Next to the bell tower and refectory there is Vodovzvodnaya Tower. It was built in the 70s of the 17th century to provide water palace complex countryside royal residence in Kolomenskoye. At the same time, the tower was also used as a passage gate leading to the Ascension Garden and the palace village of Dyakovo. In the first half of the 18th century, with the transfer of the capital to St. Petersburg, the country residence of Russian rulers lost its functions. The water pumping mechanism, like some of the other structures of the Sovereign's Court, is not in use. Since then, the tower has been repaired and restored several times. The last scientific restoration was carried out in 2007.

Considering that the Church of the Ascension of the Lord is located on a hill, it opens panoramic view on the Moscow River and the city as a whole.

To the north of the Church of the Ascension is the only surviving building from the palace of Emperor Alexander I that was located here in the early 19th century. In 1825, according to the design of E.D. Tyurin, a palace was built here for Alexander I on the site of the dilapidated Catherine Palace. But the sovereign died that same year and did not have time to visit it. In the 1870s, the abandoned palace was dismantled, and all that remained was pavilion, which served as a tea house or home theater. In 2005-2006, the Moscow State United Museum-Reserve carried out a full-scale restoration of the pavilion, returning it to its original appearance.

The main façade, facing the river, is decorated with a modest Doric portico.

The wide staircase leading to the portico is decorated with sculptures of seated lionesses.

Between the pavilion of 1825 and the Church of the Ascension are 2 cannons from the 17th century.

They are directed towards the Moscow River.

This completed my inspection of the sights located in the central part of the museum-reserve. I headed to southern part Kolomensky. To do this, I had to go down a rather steep descent, which took me straight to the Moscow River.

This is also where Nizhny Kolomna Pond.

In one direction there is a view of the embankment.

Here you can see swimming ducks and feed them.

On the other side through the mouth Golosova ravine thrown over a stone bridge.

Near it there is a small waterfall - Kolomna Stream, flowing along the Golosov ravine.

The Moscow River embankment also extends to the south of the bridge. But since nothing interesting was visible there, I headed along the old road (unpaved and unpaved). But now it was quite a steep climb.

In general, in the southern part of the museum-reserve there is a large number of ravines, both quite large and deep (from the top of some there are wonderful views), and small ones.

If on my left side there is the Moscow River, then on the other side there is a very overgrown ancient cemetery.

Here I could only see the base Church of the Beheading of John the Baptist in Dyakovo.

I decided to get closer to the church. It’s good that soon the road led me to the entrance to the ancient cemetery. By the way, other visitors to the museum-reserve also walked there. The Church of the Beheading of John the Baptist in Dyakovo is the only surviving multi-pillar church built in the mid-16th century, besides the Cathedral of the Intercession on the Moat. It was closed in 1924, however, being an outstanding architectural monument, it was not destroyed and remained abandoned for a long time.

The village of Dyakovo became part of Moscow in 1960 and practically ceased to exist in the 1980s (the few houses currently available were built in the 1990s). The cemetery at the church operated until 1980, then it was closed. The church was re-consecrated in 1992 and currently holds regular services. A major restoration was recently completed.

Then my path lay through Dyakovsky Apple orchard , where you can find quite old trees.

Some of them have an interesting shape.

On the territory of the garden there is pond.

You can also get to the apple orchard from the central part of the museum-reserve through Golosov Ravine. Staircases were built for this purpose.

The apple orchard smoothly turns into The Cherry Orchard the former village of Dyakovo.

If you walk along the garden, you can already leave the territory of the reserve. Although almost at the very exit there is a recreated wooden palace of Alexei MikhailovichA.

The idea of recreating the palace arose in the museum-reserve back in the 1990s, and was eventually supported by the Moscow Government. Archaeological work was carried out and the surviving foundations were examined. The current building is a life-size model of Alexei Mikhailovich's palace.

Construction takes place according to drawings made at the behest of Catherine II. The new building is not entirely wooden: all structures are monolithic, reinforced concrete, then covered with logs.

According to city officials, construction should be completed in 2010.

Externally, the palace is already ready. But you can see workers who are most likely still finishing a large number of interior spaces.

Young trees are planted around the palace.

There are also interesting design solutions.

This concludes my walk around Kolomenskoye. I hope to repeat it someday in order to visit places I have never seen before.

Spassky (Back) Gate - one of the three gates in XVII century which formed part of the fortifications that encircled the territory of the royal country residence in Kolomenskoye and for a long time served as an entrance to the estate’s economic yard. Currently, it is an architectural monument of the 17th century and one of the entrances to the territory of the museum-reserve.

The rear gate appeared on the territory of the Kolomenskoye estate in the middle of the 17th century during the large-scale arrangement of the royal country residence by Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov. The stone walls that surrounded the estate at that time were connected by three gates, one of which, the Rear Gate, served a purely auxiliary function, serving as the entrance to the household yard, where the buildings that provided the life of the royal family, carts with provisions and various luggage were located.

The exact date of construction of the gate is unknown, although historians and researchers date its appearance more definitely - 1671-1672. The gate owes its second name - Spassky - to the image of the Savior Not Made by Hands, located in the icon case above the passage arches.

Located opposite the then main Front (Red) Gate and facing the Church of the Ascension of Christ, the Spassky Gate, although much smaller in size, was no less elegantly decorated. Their facades are decorated with columns of the Tuscan order, in the upper part they are decorated with a frieze, and two arched spans (one for carriages, the second for pedestrians) are framed by archivolts and equipped with forged metal gratings. The unusual covering of the gate, made in the shape of a “crossed barrel”, refers to the type of finials common in the 17th-18th centuries for church and civil buildings, which was very rarely used specifically in the construction of gates.

In the early 1680s, two buildings of the Streletsky guardhouses were added to the gate on the south side to house a security service that ensured order on the territory of the country residence. It is worth noting that the Streletsky guardhouses existed until the beginning of the 19th century, but during the construction of the palace of Alexander I they were dismantled and restored in 2007, placing them on both sides of the gate.

Throughout the history of its existence, the Spassky Gate was repeatedly repaired, and after, at the end of the 18th century, distinguished guests began to enter the country residence through it, they received the status of a front gate and at the beginning of the 19th century, their keeled finials were decorated with the monograms of Emperor Peter I and an armorial figure in the form of a double-headed eagle - one of the symbols of the autocratic Russian Empire.

During one of the many repairs in 1868, the dilapidated roof of the gate (“cross-barrel”) was dismantled and a hip roof (hatched with triangular end slopes) was laid instead. The historical appearance of the top of the gate was returned in 1977-1978, and before that the information and descriptions of them preserved in documents and inventories of the 17th century were carefully studied appearance.

A full-scale complex of repair and restoration work to restore the historical appearance of the Spassky Gate was carried out in 2001-2003, and currently they look the same as in the first years of their existence.

Resurrection Gate - a two-arched gate of the Kitaygorod wall, built in 1535, which gave the name to Resurrection Square, located between former building City Duma and Historical Museum.

In 1680, two towers topped with double-headed eagles were built above the gate. In 1917, the gate and the Iverskaya Chapel, built in 1781, were used as a defensive line against the Bolsheviks, but in 1931 they were demolished and the passage was renamed Historical.

And only in 1994-1995 the Iverskaya Chapel and the Resurrection Gate were restored according to the design of the architect Oleg Igorevich Zhurin, and the Historical Passage was renamed the Voskresensk Gate passage, becoming pedestrian again in 1995.

In the new festive decoration, the Resurrection Gate is not only a beautiful monument architecture of old Moscow, but also a reminder of the wonderful event of the Resurrection of Christ.

Palace gates in the Kolomenskoye Museum-Reserve

The palace gates of the Kolomenskoye Museum-Reserve face the Church of the Ascension and the Moscow River and attract the attention of visitors with their unusual and beautiful mosaic-style ornaments.

This palace gate was built at the end of the seventeenth century and was for a long time considered the main gate of the royal residence, until the Rear Gate was built.

Previously, the gates were used for the entry of honored guests, ambassadors and, of course, the Tsar himself to the Tsar's courtyard, and today they serve as the main entrance to the Kolomenskoye Museum-Reserve.

Vineyard Gate

The Vineyard Gate is located near the Opera House, at the end of the alley leading from architectural ensemble Tsaritsino to the park. According to the author, they are made in the style of “gentle Gothic architecture” and represent a magnificent, elegant structure that includes an entire sculptural ensemble. The main and extraordinary decoration of the gate is a mysterious and complex pattern made of white faceted stones on a metal frame, which fills the arch opening with a “golden” bunch of grapes. Previously, the decor of the gates was even more varied - they were decorated with four vases, two dogs and two cupids.

The Vineyard Gate is one of the most remarkable and amazing structures in Tsaritsino. In the decorative decoration of the building, one can note a large number of architectural techniques that made the gate a kind of emblem of the ensemble. Every year this place attracts many tourists who want to see architectural monument firsthand. Not far from the Vineyard Gate there is a long alley with many benches where you can relax in the shade of broad-leaved trees.

Spassky Gate of the Kolomenskoye Museum-Reserve

In 2001–2003, workers of the Moscow State United Museum-Reserve carried out full-scale work to restore the gate, and in 2007 the Streletsky guardhouses were reconstructed.

Spassky Gate

The Spassky Gate of the Moscow Kremlin overlooks Red Square. It is on them that the famous chimes, which have become the main clock of Russia, are located.

Spassky Gate is considered the main entrance to the Kremlin. They were erected in 1491 by the Italian architect Pietro Solari. At that time, the tower and gates were called Frolovsky - after the name of the chapel standing in close proximity to the entrance to the Kremlin.

The height of the gate tower is 67 meters, it is crowned with a three-meter star, installed in 1937 instead of the double-headed eagle that adorned the top since the beginning of the 17th century. In general, the 17th century witnessed numerous changes in the history of the gate. Then they were renamed Spassky - because of the image of the Savior Not Made by Hands, which was located directly above the gate. The Spassky Gate was considered holy and everyone passing through had to bow before entering.

At the same time, the Spassky Gate began to be used as a royal gate - it was through them that Russian autocrats entered the Kremlin after their coronation.

Today the gate is also considered the main one in the Kremlin complex.

Sights of Moscow