What to do in case of an emergency landing of an airplane. How to act in the event of an unscheduled landing of an aircraft and after it. Individual and group life-saving equipment on board the aircraft
Statistics say that aviation is the most safe look transport. On average, just over three thousand people die in aviation accidents worldwide each year. For comparison, I will cite the same statistics of road accidents, which claim more than 30 thousand lives per year in our country alone. Why then do we sigh with such relief when the plane, having completed its short flight, touches the landing gear of the concrete runway of the airfield? Probably because plane crashes, if they happen, leave airline passengers with very little chance of salvation.
But they still leave it? Yes. And the more prepared a person is for self-rescue in a plane crash, the higher they are. An example of this is the disaster that occurred in 1974 with the B707 aircraft at the Samoan airport of Paju Paju. Of the 102 passengers, only five survived. The investigative commission concluded that they survived only because they carefully read the instructions and listened to the flight attendant’s instructions before the flight. During the accident, most of the escaping passengers rushed to the front doors, blocking the narrow passage with their bodies. Panic and stampede began, depriving them of hopes of salvation.
Five attentive passengers did not rush to the doors, but preferred, as the flight attendant recommended, to use the emergency exit leading to the wing of the plane. The rest paid a heavy price for their disdain for official instructions. The most hopeless from the point of view of survival should be recognized as plane crashes associated with airplane explosions in the air and airliner collisions. Slightly more chances of survival in case of uncontrolled falls to the ground.
The only thing that can be advised here is to strictly follow the crew’s instructions. Fasten the belts and adjust them to your size so that they do not dangle on the body and are as low as possible, preferably almost on the hips. Place your crossed arms on the back of the chair in front of you, tilt them, press your head to them, stretch your legs and rest them on the floor or the front chair. In another recommended position in case of an accident, which seems to me more convincing, you should clasp your elbows with the passengers sitting next to you, protect your head with your palms (or, covering your head with them, rest your elbows on the back of the front seat), place a folded blanket on your knees and under your stomach, a coat, a bag with soft things to create the most voluminous soft buffer, bend over, firmly press your chin to your chest and rest your knees on the back of the front seat.
From glasses, earrings, brooches, pens, keys, etc. It’s better to get rid of pocket change so that doctors don’t have to cut it out and pick it out of your body later. Dangerous are scarves, shawls, ties, chains and laces around the neck, which, if caught on a random protrusion, can strangle you. At the moment of impact, you need to tense all your muscles as much as possible, especially in the forward and downward direction, from where the push is most likely to follow. Until the plane comes to a complete stop, do not leave your seat or unfasten your seat belts. After the first blow, a second and third, more crushing, may follow.
You should leave the plane after a plane crash through both the main and emergency hatches. These hatches are located, as a rule, in each cabin. Unfortunately, the experience of accidents shows that passengers tend to leave the plane the same way they got on it. And they die in traffic jams formed at the entrances. To descend from a crashed aircraft to the ground, special ropes with knots and inflatable ladders are provided, which are two balloons inflated with air with a bottom stretched between them. One end of the ladder is fixed in the plane, the other rests on the ground. Passengers sit down (during a quick evacuation they jump) on the floor and slide down it.
You need to see the escape hatches and understand how they work before the flight or plane crash begins. Most hatches are opened by turning the handle down, after which the door is pulled into the cabin and moved to the side. To avoid damaging the rubber surfaces of the ramp, women must remove their high-heeled shoes before boarding the ramp. You should not hold onto the side edged cord with your hands (to avoid getting burned) and linger at the bottom of the ladder, interfering with the descent of other passengers. In case of landing on water, each aircraft is equipped with collective and individual life-saving equipment - life rafts and life jackets. Life jackets are stored in the seats of aircraft seats, from below.
An aviation life jacket (AFV) has two chambers isolated from each other (front and rear), each of which has a separate valve for inflation. The vest is put on over the head. Special straps are provided for fastening to the body. To attract the attention of rescuers - a whistle and an emergency signal. The weight of the vest is 950 grams, positive buoyancy is 15 kilograms. To provide medical assistance, there is a first aid kit on board the aircraft. Flight attendants and crew members are trained in first aid techniques.
Actions in case of depressurization of an aircraft in the air and decompression.
Plane crashes at altitudes above seven thousand meters are often accompanied by decompression. At first, passengers hear a deafening roar, characteristic of a massive air leak from the cabin. The surrounding area is filled with dust and fog, causing visibility to drop sharply. Loose objects and items may fly around the cabin. All the air that is there is very quickly drawn out of the lungs, which cannot be retained by force, no matter how hard you strain your chest. At the same time, the eardrums are overloaded, which is accompanied by pain and noise in the ears and intestines, where internal gases expand, causing sharp pain. Within a few seconds the person loses consciousness from suffocation.
The only way to avoid losing consciousness when the plane depressurizes is to immediately use an oxygen mask, which is usually stored in the back of the seat in front, and put it on your face. By putting it on, and not by pressing it to your mouth, it is enough to lose consciousness for a short moment, which can also happen with oxygen supply, for it to fall out of your weakened hand. Until you put on a mask, you should not try to help other people. Even if it's your loved one or your child. No matter how blasphemous it may sound, your first concern should be about your health. What good is it if you rush towards them first and die before you can help. First, save yourself, then, while maintaining consciousness and capacity, you can help others.
Immediately after securing the mask, fasten the straps. The first thing the crew will do is send the leaking plane down, which could throw you out of your seat. The safest places in a landing accident are towards the rear of the fuselage, but not at the very tail. If an airplane explodes and breaks up in the air, there are naturally no safe places. All these places fall from the same height and with the same acceleration. And yet, even in such a hopeless situation as a free fall from a height of several kilometers, people manage to survive.
When you board a plane, you need to do it for safety reasons.
— Study the instructions, listen to the crew’s instructions.
— Fasten the belt, adjusting it to your figure.
— If the plane depressurizes, immediately put on an oxygen mask and help your neighbors do it.
- At emergency landing remove earrings, glasses and throw away other sharp and breakable objects.
— Take a safety position, bow your head, rest your elbows and knees on the front seat, place soft things under your stomach and chest.
— If there is a crush at the exit, use the emergency exit.
It is forbidden.
— Clutter upper shelves heavy things
- Unfasten your seat belts and stand up before the command.
— Help others before putting on an oxygen mask.
- Give in to panic.
Actions to take in case of an emergency landing of an aircraft in the event of a plane crash.
After a plane crash and forced landing, surviving passengers should follow the instructions of the crew, who are trained to operate in such extreme conditions. But even before that, without waiting for a separate invitation, you need to run away from the plane that made an emergency landing, so as not to get caught in a possible explosion, lie down on the ground behind some obstacle and cover your head with your hands. And do not get up until the crew commands. Or until the plane cools down and the fuel spilled on the ground evaporates.
After this, the passengers, unless another command follows, must gather together, carry the wounded to a safe distance from the crashed aircraft and provide them with first aid (first to people with severe arterial and venous bleeding and respiratory tracts clogged with foreign objects, then to those with fractures, wounds and other injuries), separate the dead from the main mass, inspect the wreckage of the aircraft and the surrounding area in order to search for items useful for survival, and build a temporary shelter that protects from wind and precipitation.
These are priority actions, until completion of which it is inappropriate to engage in others. Only then can you analyze the place where you are for topographical hazards and ease of stay and try to find a safer one. Under no circumstances should you go far from the wreckage of an airplane unless absolutely necessary. The first thing they will do is follow the route of the missing airliner. Thanks to scattered debris clearly visible from the air and damage to the natural appearance of the area, they will quickly find it, but if you went into distant forests and scattered in twos or threes in all directions, they will still have to collect you.
Any search for places convenient for survival should be carried out only during the daytime and only in pairs or threes. Walking alone is not allowed. While the scouts are searching, everyone else should insulate themselves as much as possible and light up the fire. Fire, in addition to warmth, is important as a factor of moral support. The sight of fire always calms and gives hope. In addition, a fire makes it easier to find the site of a plane crash, as it is visible from the air ten kilometers or more away. When assigning responsibilities and work, it should be taken into account that wounded and injured people require the most attention.
Despite their apparent vulnerability, children are physically very resilient (remember preschoolers who, in the bitter cold, laugh and stuff snow down each other’s collars and then manage not to get sick! Yes, an adult would die in their place.), but they are weak in spirit, so they need support. Old people, on the contrary, are physically weak, but this is more than compensated for by their life experience and moral endurance. Women are simply examples of endurance and patience, but what is important to them is the participation of the stronger sex in their destiny, and most importantly, rational leadership.
In situations of a plane crash, when the crew of an aircraft has died, it is important that a leader emerges from among the confused passengers. He must inspire confidence with his entire appearance and behavior, give orders without a note of doubt in his voice, even if he does not know what to do in the next minute. Anarchy is much worse than the most short-sighted unity of command. There are usually no problems with self-promotion to a leadership position in extreme emergency conditions. Confused people will only be glad that someone will take responsibility for their lives. To avoid possible mistakes, the commander must rely on the advice of the most experienced survivors.
Actions in case of fire on an airplane.
The next most dangerous type of plane crash is fire. Lightweight fuel tanks for obvious reasons and tens of tons of fuel contained in them do little to contribute to fire safety. It is not for nothing that every fifth aircraft accident is accompanied by a subsequent fire. And that is why it is so important to follow flight instructions that strictly prohibit the carriage of flammable combustible and explosive substances on airplanes. Aerial fire safety regulations are more stringent than ground fire regulations. This is understandable - in the cabin of an airplane burning at an altitude of 10 thousand meters you cannot pull the stop valve and you cannot jump out the window. In addition, an additional provocateur of fire here is the rarefaction of the atmosphere caused by altitude, which significantly increases the evaporation of volatile liquids.
In the event of a fire on an airplane, you must quickly get rid of flammable and synthetic clothing that melts under the influence of fire. For example, for women from tights. On the contrary, wear outerwear made of poorly burning natural materials to protect yourself from the heat of the flame. For the same purpose and to protect your feet from possible fragments, wear shoes. Non-flammable hats are a must. If there is one, throw a blanket or blanket on top. Attempts to extinguish a fire using on-board fire-fighting equipment (the location of which is best known in advance) are not prohibited.
The respiratory tract should be protected from smoke with rags soaked in water, milk, juice, and urine. In case of heavy smoke, it is better to move on all fours close to the floor. If the passage is blocked, crawl over the lowered backs of airplane seats. You cannot open emergency hatches if smoke and fire are visible behind them. And yet, in the course of all these actions, we must not forget that everything is not so bad. That, according to statistics, out of a hundred people who became victims of a secondary fire that broke out after an emergency landing, seventy, despite everything, survive. Good chances? Well, that means everything will be fine!
Based on materials from the book “School of Survival in Accidents and Natural Disasters.”
Andrey Ilyichev.
A. After careful instructions to passengers and if conditions so require, it is necessary to remove covers from emergency exit hatches and store them in the kitchen or restrooms. In case of a forced landing on water, you should not open exits that may be below the water level after the aircraft lands.
B. In the event of a fire on an aircraft, emergency exits can only be opened at strictly specified times.
B. The need to clear the cabin of smoke in some cases determines which exits should be opened.
D. If it is impossible to open the emergency exit, you should break out the window with an emergency axe.
Crew actions before leaving the aircraft
If the cabin is dark, the emergency lights should be turned on before landing.
As soon as the plane stops, you need to open the appropriate exits and begin evacuating passengers from the plane.
Radio transmitter
Due to the fact that during a forced landing the rear of the aircraft suffers less damage than the front, it is in the rear of the aircraft that the Gibson Girl emergency radio transmitter or other portable radio is placed, which can be used by people who do not have any radio training.
If the aircraft radio was not damaged during landing, then you can use it to establish communication.
Members of the control committee for takeoff/landing are at their official places: service place, station 1 - emergency exits in the front part of the aircraft B/pr No. 1/1L + B/pr No. 2/1R; Emergency exits to the wing (2L/2R, 3L/3R); service place, station 2 – emergency exits in the rear of the aircraft B/P No. 3/4L + B/P No. 4/4R.
Depending on the emergency situation, evacuation can be:
Unprepared (unplanned evacuation) - without pre-flight briefing of passengers, on the ground: when preparing the aircraft for takeoff, when seating passengers, when starting engines.
Partially prepared (unplanned evacuation):
After briefing the assistant passengers at the emergency exits to the wings;
After the pre-flight briefing of passengers on the location of emergency exits and the placement and rules for using emergency equipment:
After closing the entrance doors; after starting the engines; during taxiing, takeoff and approach.
Prepared (planned evacuation) – if there is sufficient time to prepare passengers and cabins for emergency landing and evacuation: in flight.
In some cases, passengers must leave the aircraft as a precaution (for example: a real threat of an explosive device, an irritating odor, smoke in the passenger cabin, etc.)
In such cases, a controlled evacuation of the aircraft is carried out, and a minimum number of inflatable slides are used. The PIC informs passengers about the current situation and decides to use certain exits. Passengers need to be additionally informed whether it is possible to take hand luggage with you and whether you need to take off your shoes.
In the event of a fire on the ground: during the process of placing passengers; in the parking lot - cabin crew members are required to immediately begin evacuating passengers through the emergency exits or entrance ladders closest to them.
The command to begin evacuation must be given by the PIC. The entire evacuation command, including possible restrictions, must be repeated at least once. If the command has not been sounded, and there is a need to evacuate, the SBKE has the right to issue a command to begin the evacuation. If, under all the above circumstances, not even a command was sounded, each flight attendant has the right to give a command to evacuate. The beginning of action is a complete stop of the aircraft.
It must be taken into account that during an evacuation only emergency lighting will work. In such cases, there is a real threat of panic. It is necessary to be able to prevent panic and instill confidence in passengers.
Lanterns after evacuation can serve to provide emergency signals by:
Circular rotation
Repeated sending of alternating flashes in the form of an SOS signal = 3 short flashes, 3 long flashes, 3 short flashes (... - - - ...)
Acoustic whistle– the radius of audibility of a whistle significantly exceeds the radius of audibility of a human voice.
Megaphone- to notify passengers inside and outside the aircraft, as well as to issue commands in case of failure of the loudspeaker device.
Emergency beacon– intended for use in the international satellite system for search and rescue of emergency automatic objects COSPAS-SARSAT “Cospas-Sarsat”
First aid kit "FIRST AID KIT", First aid kit "Emergency Medical Kit"- to provide pre-medical care to victims.
The “30-second mindset” is a standard procedure that includes mentally repeating the flight attendant’s actions during the evacuation of passengers, which must be strictly followed by cabin crew members. Conducted by flight attendants before each takeoff and landing in order to prepare for a possible emergency.
To carry out the “30-second tune-up” you need to answer the following questions:
Aircraft type?
Which output am I responsible for?
Takeoff/landing over land/water?
My safe position?
Commands used during evacuation?
Before opening the door
After opening the door (it is safe to exit)
To block the exit.
Passenger composition? (assistant passengers)
What needs to be done before opening the door?
How does my door open?
Door position (“automatic”/“manual”);
Opening the door;
Handle for manual filling of the drain.
Where and how will I direct passengers if the exit is blocked?
What additional emergency equipment is needed to carry out an evacuation? (lantern, megaphone).
What are my responsibilities after evacuation?
Additional questions(depends on a situation)
When will I open my exit? What are the main escape routes in the event of a water landing?
What are the sea conditions (eg cold water, risk of hypothermia).
Drain release handle (water)
Lifeline
Where is he located?
When should I pin it?
Who attaches it?
Prepared (Planned) emergency landing (land/water) – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS for preparing passengers and cabins.
The responsibilities of flight attendants and the measures to be taken when preparing for an emergency landing on land or water are set out in "INSTRUCTIONS FOR PREPARING THE PASSENGER CABIN FOR AN EMERGENCY LANDING". It consists of the following points:
After the command from the PIC - “BRIGADIER INTO THE CABIN!” PURSER TO THE COCKPIT"
SBKE immediately go to the flight deck and obtain accurate information from the PIC:
N - Nature (nature of the accident) nature of the accident, type of landing
I - Intentions
T - Time (time before landing) time to prepare for landing
S - Special instructions about the risk during boarding and the need to transfer passengers
Flight attendants:
They stop service, secure the equipment and gather in the front pantry kitchen.
Having received information from the PIC, senior flight attendant gathers flight attendants for a briefing and informs them of the information received from the PIC. After this, the flight attendants begin preparing for an emergency landing and evacuation.
Senior flight attendant:
Addresses passengers via public address system:
“Dear passengers, please pay attention! The senior flight attendant is speaking to you. I urge you to remain calm and ask you to do the following: (reads out the standard text “Emergency landing” (land/water) (Appendix 1);
Selects physically strong, lonely, non-panic assistant passengers to help cabin crew members (land - 18 people; water - 16 people)
Helper passengers.
When choosing passenger assistants, preference should be given to airline employees, firefighters, rescuers, and physically strong men, charging them with the following duties:
Providing assistance to children, the sick and wounded;
Assisting in bringing emergency equipment into working order
position during the evacuation of passengers from the aircraft;
Protection of places dangerous for exiting the aircraft.
Familiarize passengers with the location of emergency doors, the procedure for opening them, and the rules for evacuating from the aircraft.
The assistant passenger must repeat all of the above steps.
Briefing (Appendix 2; Appendix 3), preliminary preparation of passengers and verification of the safety measures they have taken must be completely completed by the time of the emergency landing of the aircraft.
Assistance passengers should be moved to emergency exits, as well as to disabled passengers requiring assistance.
It is better to face difficulties in transferring passengers during emergency preparations than to subsequently face inactivity of passengers and loss of time during evacuation.
Lighting of passenger compartments - 100%.
(Full lighting will make it possible to carefully prepare and monitor the behavior of passengers. Flight attendants in the cabins make sure that passengers listen carefully, stopping all questions and movements around the cabins)
In case of limited time , when it is not possible to gather flight attendants to explain the situation, the information is both a briefing for flight attendants and a signal to begin preparing the passenger cabin for an emergency landing.
Preparation of work areas:
Senior flight attendant CE No. 1/1L - clears the evacuation routes in the front part of the plane from hand luggage, from curtains (tear them down and put them away), removes all loose items (newspapers, magazines in bags, places them in restrooms).
Flight attendant No. 2 / 1R - secures the BKO and de-energizes household electrical equipment in the front buffet-kitchen; locks the toilet room in the front part of the aircraft: prepares passengers and cabins for emergency landing (from the 1st to the 12th row);
Flight attendant #3/4L - secures the BKO and de-energizes household electrical equipment in the rear buffet - kitchen. Prepares passengers and cabins for emergency landing (from the 14th to the 28th rows). Locks the restrooms at the rear of the plane.
Flight attendant No. 4/4R - clears the escape routes at the rear of the plane from hand luggage, from curtains (tear and put away), removes all loose items (newspapers, magazines in bags, in toilet rooms)
Passenger preparation.
1. Senior flight attendant/foreman No. 1/1L consistently names the necessary preparatory measures according to the texts of emergency information in accordance with "INSTRUCTIONS FOR PREPARING THE PASSENGER CABIN FOR AN EMERGENCY LANDING".
2. Flight attendants demonstrate and check that passengers comply with the instructions given by the senior flight attendant, and transmit a signal of readiness to carry out the next point of the instructions.
The instructions include the following requirements:
- the backs of the seats must be in a vertical position, otherwise, the passenger sitting in the back will not have sufficient preparation space and will be at greater risk of injury when landing the aircraft;
- collars should be unbuttoned, ties removed;
- passengers must be dressed in accordance with climatic conditions. In case of a forced landing on water, it is recommended to wear as much clothing as possible;
- piercing and cutting objects needs to be removed and put away in hand luggage. Do not place these items in the pocket of the seat in front;
-hand luggage must be removed on luggage racks or in additional rooms (restrooms). All hand luggage remains on board the aircraft during evacuation;
- take off your shoes and put them in your hand luggage or under a chair (as appropriate);
Passengers must sit as tightly as possible in the seat, fasten your seat belts strictly at hip level and tighten them tightly. Distribute blankets, pillows, and outerwear to passengers.
Passengers should pay special attention to the “Safety Instructions”, which shows the location and use of emergency exits, vests, and taking a safe posture.
- flight attendants show the exits, which the senior flight attendant names in the information;
- show location of emergency lighting;
-when landing on land explain the emergency exit equipment (ladders, ropes) and how to use them;
When landing on the water, passengers are informed about the availability life jackets and rules for their use. Before landing on the water, you must put on a life jacket and tie or fasten it. Adults inflate their life jackets immediately before; how to leave the plane (in the opening) or after leaving the plane if they leave it through the emergency exits on the wing. An inflated vest before boarding will prevent the passenger from taking a safe position, will interfere with evacuation from the aircraft, or may be damaged (especially when leaving the aircraft through emergency exits on the wing). The use of children's life jackets must be explained to passengers individually .
Need to explain passengers, what they should do at the command of the PIC “Group, group!”, “Brace, brace.”
The command will sound immediately before landing, after which you must take a safe position.
This command is given until the aircraft comes to a complete stop.
Explain and show passengers how to position themselves for an emergency landing. If a signal is given to take a safe position for an emergency landing, and there is no time to demonstrate it, give the command “Cover your head with your hands (hands on top of each other); Lower your head to your knees; Use soft items to protect your head and torso from impacts.” Flight attendants explain the safe position for children, pregnant women and obese passengers individually. Invite passengers with children to sit the child on your lap: Use a “loop belt” to secure it; an adult holds the child by the waist or by the head with one hand (depending on the child’s position relative to the direction of flight); You should protect the child's face with soft things.
Infant in the arms of an adult: An adult passenger must: Fasten and tighten the seat belts; Place your feet firmly on the floor; Place the child on his back on the adult's lap; Bend over the child; Support the baby's head with one hand and press it to you; With the other hand, simultaneously fix the child’s knees and your head. Passengers should be advised that some impacts can be expected upon landing and should remain safely seated with their seat belts fastened until instructed by the crew.
At the end of the passenger briefing, ensure that passengers know:
How to Unbuckle a Seat Belt
How to group
When to group
How long to group
Where are the nearest exits?
How to get to them
Carefully observe the behavior of passengers, identify those prone to panic and calm them down (if necessary, you can take coercive measures).
Each flight attendant must double-check that their area is ready for an emergency landing. Do not allow passengers to attempt to open emergency doors without a command.
Cabin lighting must be appropriate to the outside conditions in which the aircraft is landing.
Dress:
It is necessary to wear full uniform, including a hat, for better identification by passengers.
Remove metal badges, ID, to avoid injury.
Make sure that the emergency equipment you need to evacuate from your area is accessible.
Flight attendants must report to the senior flight attendant upon completion of training. The senior flight attendant reports to the PIC that the cabin is ready for an emergency landing.
Take your place in the chair, fasten and tighten the waist and shoulder straps; wait for a signal (command) to assume an emergency landing position.
Flight attendants sitting in rear-facing seats must take the following position: Sit upright; Press your back and head against the back of the chair; Hold the seat with your hands; Place your feet firmly on the floor.
Take a pose for an emergency landing and remain in it until the plane comes to a complete stop, conduct a mental thirty-second psychological preparation for actions during evacuation.
The start of an evacuation must be explained as follows:
At the command of the flight attendants, you need to unfasten your seat belts and leave your seat; stand one after another and, observing the order, head to the emergency door; if the exit can be used, evacuate.
The actions of EC members after a complete stop of the aircraft, during evacuation during a planned emergency landing on land/water, are similar to an unplanned emergency landing on land/water.
UNPLANNED EMERGENCY LANDING - EMERGENCY SCHEDULE, ACTIONS OF EC MEMBERS.
Actions of EC members.
After the aircraft and crew have come to a complete stop:
"PASSENGER EVACUATION"
Unfasten your seat belt
Approach emergency exits
Senior flight attendant CE No. 1 / 1L- front entrance door – 1L
Flight attendant #2/1R front service door – 1R
Flight attendant #3/4L: rear entrance door – 4L
Flight attendant No. 4/4R: service door – 4R
Assess the situation outside (if the use of this exit was not prohibited by the PIC): look out the window, make sure there is no fire or any obstacles to evacuation.
If there is no danger:
Make sure the door is in the "Automatic"/"ARMED" position.
Open the door;
Turn the door handle in the direction of the arrow until it stops in the “open” direction - “OPEN”
Push the door out and lock it in the open position.
If the ladder does not inflate automatically
Hold the auxiliary handle with one hand - with the other hand, pull the red handle with the inscription “PULL” located on the right side of the ladder threshold.
Make sure the exit can be used.
Immediately evacuate passengers.
In the event of a sudden accident, the crew and flight attendants have little or no time to prepare passengers and the passenger cabin for a forced (emergency) landing. Therefore, as soon as it became clear that the situation on the plane is emergency and in a few seconds (minutes) a forced (emergency) landing will occur, the PIC must give a command to the passengers via the control system to take a position for an emergency landing. For example, "Bend down and grab your knees with your hands! Use soft things to protect your head and torso from impacts! Group up! "
This is the minimum that can be done to prepare passengers for impact upon landing in almost any situation.
IN civil aviation There are generally accepted safety measures, according to which during takeoff, landing, and when the aircraft passes through a turbulence zone, passengers must be in their seats with seat belts fastened, while the backs of the seats must be brought to a vertical position, the table is closed (fixed), and flight attendants must check the passengers’ compliance these security measures, which is their responsibility. Therefore, if a sudden accident occurs during takeoff, landing, or while passing through a turbulence zone, the command to assume an emergency landing position will be an additional safety measure to those already taken previously and usual for each flight. After an emergency landing, the crew must act in accordance with the emergency schedule.
ACTIONS OF THE CREW AND FLIGHT ATTENDANTS IN THE EVENT OF AN ACCIDENT ON GROUND
The actions of the crew in case of an accident on the ground are regulated by the Flight Manual of a specific aircraft (section “Actions in Emergency Situations”), but general provisions are the same for all aircraft.
If an emergency situation occurs on board the aircraft that threatens the safety of passengers and crew members, during parking, taxiing, the takeoff run before takeoff, or the run after landing, when there is no time to perform preparatory operations, crew members (including flight attendants) are required to take all measures to immediately evacuate passengers without waiting for the arrival of the ground rescue team, and move them to a distance of at least 100 m from the nearest part of the aircraft.
As soon as it is determined that the situation on the aircraft is emergency (crew members must report to the PIC about the appearance of smoke, fire or other deviations from normal conditions), the PIC must immediately give the command to the crew, including flight attendants, to act according to the emergency schedule in case of an emergency landing on land.
At the same time, the PIC must give a command to the flight attendants to begin evacuating passengers from the aircraft (after stopping the aircraft, if it was in motion at the time of the emergency).
In the event of an emergency in the parking lot (for example, a fire) when the PIC is not present, immediately begin evacuating passengers from the aircraft. As soon as the situation allows, the PIC is obliged to directly supervise the evacuation of passengers in accordance with the emergency schedule after an emergency landing on land. The responsibilities of flight crew members and flight attendants are the same as during an emergency landing on land.
Aircraft accidents and catastrophes are possible for many reasons. Serious consequences result from the destruction of individual aircraft structures, engine failure, disruption of control systems, power supply, communications, piloting, lack of fuel, and interruptions in life support for the crew and passengers.
HOW TO PROCEED WITH DECOMPRESSION
DECOMPRESSION- this is the rarefaction of air in the aircraft cabin when its seal is broken. Rapid decompression usually begins with a deafening roar (air is escaping). The salon fills with dust and fog. Visibility is sharply reduced. Air leaves a person's lungs quickly and cannot be retained. Ringing in the ears and pain in the intestines may occur at the same time.
. In this case, without waiting for a command, immediately put on an oxygen mask.
. Do not try to help anyone before putting on a mask yourself. even if it is your child: if you do not have time to help yourself and lose consciousness, you will both find yourself without oxygen.
. Fasten your seat belts immediately after putting on your mask. and prepare for a sharp decline.
HOW TO ACT DURING A HARD LANDING AND AFTER IT
. Before each takeoff and landing, carefully adjust the seat belt. It should be securely fastened as low as possible at your hips.
. Check to see if there are any heavy suitcases overhead.
. Accidents on takeoff and landing are sudden, so look out for smoke, sudden descent, engine stalls, etc.
. Lean forward in your chair, clasp your head with both hands.
. Quickly remove all sharp objects, jewelry, watches, and hold your children close to you.
. Follow all instructions from the ship's commander and crew.
. Place your head on your knees or tilt it as low as possible. Place your feet on the floor, extending them as far as possible, but not under the front seat.
. At the moment of impact, tense up as much as possible and prepare for significant overload. Under no circumstances do not leave your seat until the plane comes to a complete stop, do not cause panic, and prevent in any way the occurrence of panic in the cabin and disruption of the plane’s alignment.
. If possible, prepare respiratory protection (in case of fire or smoke). To do this, moisten a thick cloth with any non-flammable liquid and fold it in several layers.
. After the aircraft stops moving, immediately, observing the order, leave it using emergency hatches (use rules are shown on them) and inflatable slides.
. When helping the wounded and children, move as far away from the aircraft as possible and lie down on the ground, covering your head with your hands so as not to be harmed by shrapnel from a fuel explosion.
. Provide first aid to the wounded.
. In a deserted area, with the help of other passengers, build shelters for children and the wounded from scrap materials.
. Find a source of water and send several people for help.
. Wait for rescuers near the scene of the accident, as it is easier to find it than an individual person.
See below.
