Elk Island Nature Reserve, what animals. Losiny Ostrov National Park. Excursion routes around the park

Federal state budgetary institution.

National Park « Losiny Island"was organized on August 24, 1983 on the basis of the resolution of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR "On the creation of the State Natural Resources national park"Losiny Island" Along with Sochi National Park, it is the oldest in Russia.

The area of ​​the Losiny Ostrov National Park is 128 square meters. km, of which 30 sq. km located within Moscow. Forests occupy 83% of the park's area, swamps - 5%, ponds - 2%.

Settlements on the territory of Losiny Island: the village of Mosvodokanal, Suponevo, Balashikha (Abramtsevo microdistrict), New World, Dolgoe Ledovo, Korolev (neighborhoods, Peat Enterprise, Pogonny, 12th Switch, Oboldino).

The national park has three functional zones:
- specially protected, closed to visitors, where natural complexes are preserved in their natural form. It serves as a refuge for large mammals and a nesting place for birds;
- educational excursion, open to visitors accompanied by a guide along ecological routes;
- recreational, intended for mass recreation.

The uniqueness of Losiny Ostrov is that on its territory, surrounded by a metropolis, a natural forest has been preserved, characterized by exceptional natural diversity. Part of the forests of Losiny Ostrov belongs to primary forests - a special type of ancient virgin forest that has been preserved for a long period of time and is not affected by human activity.

The main feature of the nature of Losiny Ostrov is the great diversity and mosaic distribution of plant communities on its relatively small territory.

More than 600 species of higher plants, 36 species of lichens, about 90 species of fungi, and about 150 species of algae are found on the territory of Losiny Ostrov. Species included in the Red Books of Moscow and the Moscow region are presented.

In the forest area, surrounded on all sides by cities with millions of people, about 180 species of birds, up to 40 species of mammals (including elk, wild boar, sika deer), and at least 13 species of amphibians and reptiles live or appear during migration. About 15 species of fish live in the park’s reservoirs.

The natural national park “Losiny Ostrov” is entrusted with the following tasks:
- protection of the unique natural complex of the park, preservation and restoration of the Yauza wetland complex, protection of rare species of plants and animals;
- promotion of environmental and ecological knowledge;
- creating conditions for the development of educational recreation, combining walks with observation of forest life, as well as conditions for everyday mass recreation of citizens living in close proximity to the park.

First mentions of Elk Island fall in 1406, when these lands were part of the Taininsky volost and were hunted by princes and kings. In 1799, the territory of the national park was transferred to the state treasury and the first topographic survey was made.

Losiny Island is the first national park in Russia.

Generally creation was discussed back in 1909, but then this issue could not be resolved. And in 1934, the territory of Losiny Island was included in the so-called " green belt Moscow". Played a very bad role in the history of the park. Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. Huge areas of forests were cut down and used for the needs of the front, and in the post-war period, unauthorized seizures of land and grazing of livestock greatly harmed the environment.

In 1979, the Council of People's Deputies created on the territory of Losiny Island natural park, and on August 24, 1983 it was transformed into Elk Island National Park- the first national park in Russia.

Today, Losiny Island has been transferred to the jurisdiction of the Mosleskhoz, which, due to its small budget, practically does not monitor it. And this has a bad effect on the nature of the park - trees become sick, stray dogs destroy wild animals, and the number of fires has increased.

Uniqueness Elk Island National Park is that this is the only park within the boundaries of a large metropolis in the world. where you can see wild animals and rare plants grow. For example, 10 km from the Kremlin you can see beavers, moose, and birds of prey.

General information, climate and topography of Losiny Ostrov National Park.

It is located on the border of the Klin-Dmitrovskaya ridge and the Meshcherskaya lowland. The terrain is mainly flat, Through the territory of the national park flow rivers Yauza and Pekhorka. Considerable damage was caused to the beds of these rivers in the 1960s, when the Akulovskaya hydroelectric power station was built and peat was extracted from the swamps.

Climatic conditions are moderately continental, which is typical for of this region. Temperatures in winter drop to -10.2°C. and in summer the air warms up to +18°C. Average annual temperature is 3.8°C. The amount of precipitation that falls per year varies and ranges from 550-650 mm. Thanks to the Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya ridge, the winds mainly blow from the northwest and southwest.

Vegetation of Losiny Ostrov National Park.

As we already know, in flora The national park is dominated by forests - about 89%. Moreover, the most widespread are coniferous forests - 38%, birch forests - 42% and deciduous forests - slightly more than 16% of the total area. The dominant trees are pine, spruce, larch, birch, oak and linden.
On Elk Island Herbaceous plants became widespread. For example, in pine forests, common wolfberry, lily of the valley, peach-leaved bellflower and European swimmer grow. In deciduous forests you can see nettle-leaved bellflower, green-flowered and two-leaved lyubka, and a real nesting plant. In swamps and near reservoirs, the marsh moth, spotted palmweed, two-horned kokushnik and Fuchs have become widespread.

When talking about the flora of the Losiny Ostrov National Park, one cannot ignore one remarkable object - Alekseevskaya Grove. This grove is almost more than 250 years old and a conservation regime is maintained here to protect the centuries-old pine from being cut down.

At least Losiny Island and is located in the zone of human activity, plants that would be included in the Red Book of the Russian Federation have not yet been recorded.

Fauna of Losiny Ostrov National Park.

At all times it was distinguished by a wide variety of fauna. The latest animal inventory shows about 39 species of mammals, 160 species of birds, 5 species of reptiles, 9 species of amphibians and about 15 species of fish.
Yauza River creates excellent habitat conditions for many wild animals. These places are well suited for mammals - sika deer, elk, wild boar, muskrat, mink, fox, mountain hare, squirrel. The most common reptiles are snakes, lizards, spindles and vipers, and amphibians are newts, toads and frogs. Eat wonderful places in the floodplain of the river for the spawning of many fish - crucian carp, perch, pike, roach, burbot and bream.

After analyzing bird migrations, employees identified about 100 species of birds that nest on Elk Island. Of the nesting ones Birds include the great grebe, red-necked, black-necked and little grebes, thistle, bittern, gray heron, black stork, goldeneye, lapwing, scutum, little plover and snipe. Of the predatory Breeding birds include buzzard, honey buzzard, marsh harrier, black kite, goshawk, hobby hobby, common kestrel and falcon.

Negative human impacts have led to the disappearance of beavers, but over the past 10 years their numbers have been restored.

Goals and objectives.

The main areas of research are observation and collection of information on the state of forests, assessment of damage from human impact in recent years and the creation of forest edges along the Moscow Ring Road.

Every year Baikal becomes more and more attractive for various categories visitors. Every year, in the summer, the Transbaikal National Park is visited by about 10 thousand people (if we take into account the residents of the Barguzinsky district, then more than 25 thousand people). In winter, up to 30 thousand people come mainly for amateur ice fishing - the famous Baikal omul. .

In summer and autumn, dozens of bears feast on the banks. In winter, up to 700 bald eagles, white-tailed eagles and golden eagles gather near the lake. The reserve is home to the world's largest protected population of brown bears, numbering about 1,000 individuals.

Sights of Kamchatka

Gydan State Nature Reserve

Yamalo-Nenets autonomous region located in the Far North region on the West Siberian Plain, in the lower reaches of the river. Ob, washed by the waters of the Kara Sea. It extends to the north by the Gydansky and Yamal peninsulas. The Kara Sea cuts deep into the territory of the district - up to 1000 km.

Sights of the Yamalo-Nenets District

A pearl for impressions, peace of mind, beautiful stories and unimaginable adventures. A place to be active traveler or a pilgrim seeking the meaning of life in this life. Probably, it was Bezengi that were made by nature in order to show a person what his dream could look like....

Kenozersky National Park!

Chapel of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. Vershinino village, XVIII century. An amazingly beautiful chapel over the lake. The sky has been preserved...

Crimea is one of the most popular tourist centers countries. On its territory there are about 3 thousand monuments of history, archeology, and art under state protection. The museums store many valuable exhibits reflecting the history of the region from ancient times to the present day. Among them the most famous are: local history museums in Alushta, Evpatoria, Simferopol, Feodosia, Yalta and other cities, famous palaces in Alupka, Livadia, Bakhchisarai, Massandra, art gallery named after I.K. Aivazovsky in Feodosia, art museums in Simferopol and Sevastopol, memorial museums - S.N. Sergeev-Tsensky (Alushta), A.S. Green (Feodosia), A.P. Chekhov (Yalta) and many others..

Baikal

Lake Baikal is one of the most beautiful and scenic spots not only in the Asian part of our country, but throughout the planet. This ancient lake(its age is approximately 25-35 million years), lying in the rift basin, located in the southern part Eastern Siberia. It is the largest reservoir of fresh water on Earth; 22% of all clean fresh water is concentrated here. clearest water all over the world and 85% of Russia. .

Manpupuner Plateau

Many Finno-Ugric peoples still have legends about giants who lived in ancient centuries! For example, the Mari have legends about the Onars - great people created before the advent of man, and then destroyed by the gods by the heat of the sun for their incredible pride. Onar hills are found throughout the Mari region, and in the Morkinsky district of the RME there is even a memorial stone to Onar..

Man-Pupu-Ner has always been a sacred place for the Voguls, but its power was somewhat negative. It was categorically forbidden for an ordinary person to climb the Manpupuner plateau; only shamans had access there to recharge their magical powers..

Chukotka region - Berengia

The Chukotka Autonomous Okrug occupies the Chukotka Peninsula, the adjacent part of the mainland and a number of islands (Wrangel, Aion, Ratmanova, etc.). Washed by the East Siberian and Chukchi seas in the north and Bering Sea- in the east. Western part County is busy mountain systems Oloysky ridge and Ush-Urekchen; in the central part - the Anyui Range and the Anadyr Plateau; in the east - the Chukotka Plateau; to the south is the Anadyr Lowland, to the southeast is the Koryak Highlands.

Russian Arctic National Park

This area is called the “Pearl of the Arctic”. The total area of ​​the park is 14,260 square kilometers. This is 6,320 square kilometers of land and 7,940 square kilometers of Russian territorial waters. More than 85 percent of the islands' surface is covered with ice of continental origin. The Park contains little affected ecosystems, rich in diversity fauna. The Arctic waters are inhabited throughout the year by narwhals and bowhead whales....

Elk Island National Park

“Losiny Island” is located in the north-east of Moscow and the near Moscow region, starting from Sokolniki Park and continuing beyond the Moscow Ring Road to Mytishchi, Korolev, Shchelkovo and Balashikha, forming a kind of green wedge between Yaroslavskoye and Shchelkovskoye highways.
Slightly less than 1/3 of the park’s territory is located within Moscow.
Initially, the park was a royal hunting ground, and now it has become a national park....

Sights of the Moscow region

Karelia is called an amazing land - the land of white nights, giant evergreen forests, harsh rocks, stormy rapids rivers and blue lakes. And there is an unusual, small “patch”, almost in the middle of the republic, which is rightly called “Karelia in miniature”. This place is one of the oldest protected areas in Russia - the Kivach Nature Reserve...

The natural park “Losiny Ostrov” is the only one in Russia national reserve, which is located within the metropolis, just 15 kilometers from the Kremlin.

A little history

The territory where the Losiny Ostrov park is located today once belonged to the palace Taininskaya volost. Ivan the Terrible also loved to hunt in these places. The park received the name “Losiny Island” during the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich, who also loved hunting and used hound dogs to hunt moose here.

Already at the beginning of the 18th century, forest protection was organized here. Over large areas, forests were cut down, swamps were drained, and roads were built. Work was underway to plant coniferous trees. Shortly before the revolution, they wanted to turn Losiny Island into a national park. The plans were not implemented - the World War began. Losiny Ostrov Park was able to acquire this status only in 1983.

General information

Today this territory, 90% consisting of forests, occupies 116 square meters. kilometers. It includes three zones:

1. Specially guarded. The area is 54 sq. km. The area is closed to the public.
2. 31 square meters are allocated for sports and walks. km.
3. The recreation area occupies 31 square meters. km. and borders residential areas of the capital.

And the Yauza originate here. More than three ponds add pleasant variety to Losiny Ostrov. The national park has a significant area of ​​marshland. Flat terrain prevails here. The Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya ridge determines the north- and south-west wind rose over the forest.

Flora

More than 60% of the vegetation is represented by deciduous trees, of which oak predominates. There are also birch groves. Linden is widespread. The rest of the forest is represented by pine, spruce and larches. Alekseevskaya Grove, located in the complex, is more than 250 years old. Some of the pines in this grove are over 200 years old. The unique trees were preserved thanks to the conservation regime. The grove is rightfully considered unique and adorns “Elk Island”.

The park delights visitors with an abundance of herbaceous plants. Lilies of the valley, bluebells, fuchsas, marsh lilies and many others grow here. At the same time, on the territory of the reserve there are no representatives of the flora that are listed in the Red Book of Russia.

Animal world

More than 40 species of mammals, 170 species of birds, 14 species of reptiles and amphibians inhabit Losiny Ostrov.

The park has become a haven for moose and wild boars, martens, hares and many others. The marshy meadows are home to the brown hare, whose population is steadily declining due to a shrinking habitat and the urban factor. More than 15 species of fish live in the waters of the Yauza.

Recreation area

There are always vacationers in the recreational part of the park, especially from nearby residential areas. In the middle of the forest you can find numerous benches for relaxation, a clearing with a children's playground and a place for sports.

Sports equipment in the park can be rented. Excellent multi-kilometer trails attract cyclists, rollerbladers and runners to Losiny Ostrov. The national park is a unique place For hiking. Here you can wander into the same one as the one described in Russian fairy tales.

There is also its own stable. Horse riding enthusiasts love Losiny Ostrov. The park is simply created for leisurely horseback riding.

While walking along the trails, you can feed the squirrels. There are a lot of animals here, and he is not afraid of people - he is ready to take food from his hand.

Winter gives the reserve a special charm. Skiing through untouched forests and the freshest air make this place popular even in the cold of winter. Skating lovers can satisfy their impulse on the frozen mirror of one of the reservoirs.

Service sanitary maintenance The reserve daily removes more than 2.5 hectares of the recreational area from various garbage and dead wood. It is also necessary to eliminate the consequences of illegal picnics and natural dump sites. More attention is paid to places with the greatest concentration of people - playgrounds, reservoirs, popular walking routes. No matter how hard the sanitary services try, their work does not decrease. The situation can only change with the improvement of the quality of cultural education of citizens.

Attractions

In the forestry estate of the reserve there is a cultural and educational center "Russian Life". The exhibitions on display tell about the life of the Slavic people in the period of the 19th and 20th centuries. There is a large collection of folk toys made of clay.

Archaeological artifacts found during excavations of burial mounds from the Vyatichi era are also exhibited here. The place where these burials were discovered in 1989 was the Losiny Ostrov park. Photos of some of the exhibit items are presented below.

There is an elk station next to the ranger's site. Here you can not only see moose or wild boars - you can communicate with the animals and feed them by hand. Just walking through the park, it’s difficult to spot a moose. He is a very sensitive animal and at the slightest noise he moves deep into the protected area.

Elk Island

the first national park in Russia (created in 1983). Located in the north-east of Moscow and its Forest Park protective belt, it starts from the Sokolniki forest park 8 km from the Kremlin and continues beyond the Moscow Ring Road to Mytishchi, Korolev ( former Kaliningrad), Shchelkov and Balashikha. The area is over 11 thousand hectares, of which 3 thousand hectares are within Moscow. The length from west to east is 22 km, from north to south 10 km. Includes 6 forest districts: Losinoostrovskoye and Yauzskoye - in the urban part of the park, Losino-Pogonnoye, Alekseevskoye, Mytishchinskoye and Shchelkovskoye - in the regional part.

The history of Losiny Ostrov goes back many centuries. Dense forests stretching to the northeast of Moscow were mentioned as part of the Taininsky palace volost, which belonged to the great Moscow princes. It is known that Ivan IV the Terrible often hunted here. But Losiny Ostrov received its name only under Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, for whom elk hunting with hounds was organized in these places; In the southwestern part of Losiny Ostrov, a falcon yard was created, and this area became known as Sokolniki. Since the 17th century The territory of Losiny Ostrov was intensively used. Since the 18th century it is under special supervision: forest protection has been introduced, decrees have been repeatedly issued on the conservation of valuable forests. In 1809 Pogonno-Losiny Island (the main part of the park) and nearby groves were transferred to the jurisdiction of the Kremlin Expedition.

In 1842, active forest management began in the forests of Losiny Ostrov. Deforestation was carried out over large areas, coniferous trees were planted, swamps were drained, and roads were laid. In 1912, an attempt was made to organize a national park in Losiny Ostrov, but this was prevented by the first world war. In the 1930s - 1940s, when the creation of the Moscow Nature Reserve was being planned, Losiny Ostrov was planned as one of its 10 sections. But only in 1983 Losiny Ostrov was officially given the status of a national park.

Modern Losiny Ostrov is unique in its size, diversity of forest communities, flora and fauna natural complex, preserved within a multimillion-dollar urban agglomeration. Here grow the oldest pine and spruce forests in the Moscow region, vast broad-leaved forests of linden with oak and maple, hundred-year-old floodplain black alder forests, birch and aspen forests. In the depths of the forest, small raised and transitional swamps have survived. A special attraction of Losiny Ostrov is the vast low-lying swamps along the river. Yauza with open shallow waters, thickets of reeds and cattails. On the territory of Losiny Ostrov there are the sources of the Yauza and Pekhorka rivers, numerous rivers and streams flow into them - Ichka, Budaika, Los, Nekhlyudov sleeve, Bogorodsky stream, etc.

The flora of the national park includes over 700 species. The herbaceous cover of coniferous forests is dominated by wood sorrel, blueberry or reed grass, they are accompanied by two-leafed wintergreen, round-leaved wintergreen, European honeybee, lingonberry, etc., in broad-leaved and coniferous-deciduous forests - hairy sedge, green chickweed, chickweed or woodleaf, hard-leaved chickweed, and lungwort are common , buttercup anemone, goose onion, multifloral grouse, aconite, etc. In the swamps, among stunted pines and sphagnum mosses, cotton grass and marsh sedge, wild rosemary, cassandra, blueberry, cranberry, sundew and other marsh plants grow. In Losiny Ostrov, lily of the valley and swimmer are common, and there are dense corydalis, wolf's bast, yellow iris, two-leaved and greenish lyubka, Fuchs palmate root and other plant species specially protected in Moscow and the Moscow region.

The fauna of Losiny Ostrov is exceptionally rich, which includes 45 species of mammals, 185 species of birds, 4 species of reptiles, 9 species of amphibians and at least 20 species of fish. As in the distant past, elk remains its usual inhabitant, and wild boar is also common. Along with such widespread animals in the Moscow region as moles, hedgehogs, foxes, weasels, hares (hare and hare), squirrels, the national park is home to pine marten, ermine, mink, black ferret, hazel dormouse, and several species bats. Since pre-war years, its forests have been inhabited by sika deer, and beavers have recently been successfully re-acclimatized. Up to 125 species of birds nest in Losiny Ostrov; swans, geese, cranes, and different types waders and ducks. In the depths of Losiny Ostrov, snakes, vipers, legless spindle lizards, and gray toads, which have become rare in the vicinity of Moscow, still live.

Losiny Ostrov - a museum of wildlife under open air. A variety of landscapes are preserved on its territory, including such natural monuments as the 250-year-old Alekseevskaya (pine) grove, the 100-150-year-old Grivka pine forest and the Kholudeevka coniferous forest. Centennial linden forests (linden forests), especially on the territory of the Yauzsky forest park, and oak groves in the Losino-Pogonny forest park are distinguished by their high aesthetic and scientific value; Some specimens of oaks, classified as natural monuments, reach 250 years of age.

Verkhneyauzsky wetland complex, which includes the river. The Yauza with its tributaries Ichka, Budaika, Pekhorka and others is also protected as a natural monument. Along the Yauza and Budaika rivers, the “Friends of the Forest” and “Youth of Maxim” parks were created (1988-92) total area 180 hectares).

Visitors can also get acquainted with historical sights: traces ancient settlements, which existed back in pre-Mongol times (10th century), an ancient waterworks, which began supplying Mytishchi water to Moscow (since 1830), etc. A significant part of Losiny Ostrov is occupied by a specially protected zone with protected areas, visits to which are limited. Recreation areas for Muscovites have been created in places adjacent to residential areas.

B.L. Samoilov, G.V. Morozova.

Moscow. Encyclopedic reference book. - M.: Great Russian Encyclopedia. 1992 .

See what “Losiny Ostrov” is in other dictionaries:

Elk Island- Elk Island. Losiny Ostrov, national park, on northeast from Moscow (partly within the administrative boundaries of the city). Area 11 thousand hectares. Founded in 1983. Coniferous broad-leaved forests of spruce and linden with the participation of oak, maple, and... ... Dictionary "Geography of Russia"

The first national park in Russia in the northeast of Moscow and the Moscow region. Formed in 1983. St. Square 11 thousand hectares. The sovereign grove has been protected since the time of Ivan IV the Terrible. From the 17th century the park area was intensively used; from 19 to... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

ELOSINY ISLAND, the first national park in Russia, in the northeast of Moscow and in the Moscow region. Formed in 1983. Sq. St. 11 thousand hectares. The sovereign grove has been protected since the time of Ivan IV the Terrible. From the 17th century the territory of the park is intensively... ...Russian history

Losiny Ostrov National Park IUCN Category II (National Park) Coordinates: Coordinates ... Wikipedia

Losiny Ostrov is the first national park in Russia, located on the territory of Moscow and the Moscow region. The largest forest area in Moscow and the largest among the forests located within the city (Moscow part). View of part of Losiny Ostrov... ... Wikipedia

The first national park in Russia, in the northeast of Moscow and in the Moscow region. Formed in 1983. Area over 11 thousand hectares. The “sovereign reserved grove” has been protected since the time of Ivan IV the Terrible. Since the 17th century the park area is intensively… … Encyclopedic Dictionary

Elk Island- Sp Losinyj Òstrovas Ap Losiny Ostrov/Losinyy Ostrov L nac. parkas RF Maskvos sr … Pasaulio vietovardžiai. Internetinė duomenų bazė

Elk Island- Los other island (natural area in Moscow) ... Russian spelling dictionary

National park on the territory of Moscow and the Moscow region. Organized in 1983 on the square. 11,816 hectares, of which approx. 9,600 (81%) are forested. To the south and west it is adjacent to residential areas and industrial zones. The territory is crossed by roads (Moscow ring road, etc.... Geographical encyclopedia