Anadyr. Chukotka. Travel to the Cape of All Winds Rest - Chukotka Autonomous Okrug

The coat of arms of the city of Anadyr “Brown bear holding a fish in its paws against a background of white and blue stripes” was approved in 1999.

Anadyr is the capital of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, located on the right bank of the Kazachka River at the entrance to the Anadyr Estuary, connecting the Anadyr River with the Anadyr Gulf of the Bering Sea. His geographical coordinates 64 degrees 44 minutes north latitude 177 degrees 31 minutes 18 seconds east longitude. From Anadyr grew the now independent villages of Ugolnye Kopi, Shakhtarsky, settlements on Russkaya Koshka and Cape Heka, which in different years were periodically included within the city limits. The city owes its name to the river of the same name, at the mouth of which it stands. The toponym Anadyr goes back to the Yukaghir root “anu-an” - “river”. The Cossacks Semyon Dezhnev, who met the Yukaghirs who settled in the basin of this river in 1949, called it “Onandyr”, later interpreted as Anadyr.
The distance from Anadyr to Moscow is 6400 km. The population of the city (at the end of 2002) is 11,288 people.

Story
The history of the capital of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug is inextricably linked with the history of our entire northern region.
When Russian industrialists-explorers penetrated into the extreme northeast of Asia, they discovered that the peoples of Chukotka were divided according to their economic and everyday life into two groups: sedentary sea hunters (Eskimos, sedentary / coastal / Chukchi, Kerek) and nomadic reindeer herders (Chukchi, Yukagirs , Koryaks, Evens). The material and spiritual culture of the indigenous peoples was fully adapted to the harsh conditions of the Arctic.
The impetus for Russian development of the territory of Chukotka was the founding of the Nizhnekolymsk fort by Semyon Dezhnev and Mikhail Stadukhin in 1644. It was this fort that would become the basis for the preparation of many subsequent expeditions, when the explorers pursued the main goal of “finding new unknown lands” and “bringing them under the high sovereign’s hand”, establishing trade, searching for the “fungible fish tooth” and at the same time resolving issues geographical discoveries. Thus, in 1648-1649, Semyon Dezhnev and his “comrades” on ships - kochas, adapted for sailing in the northern seas, first passed through the strait between Asia and America. After the remnants of Dezhnev’s expedition scattered by a storm washed up on the southern coast of Chukotka, by January 1649 he reached the mouth of the Anadyr River on foot. After spending the winter here, in the summer he and the remaining 12 team members went up the river and established a winter hut 18 km from the modern village of Markovo (since 1652, the Anadyr fortress). Repeated attempts to repeat Dezhnev's voyage from Kolyma to Anadyr around the Chukotka Peninsula were unsuccessful. Only the land road to Kamchatka through the Anadyr ridge and the fort was used, opened in 1650 as a result of the pedestrian crossing of M. Stadukhin and S. Motors from the mouth of the river. Bolshoi Anyui on the Anadyr River.
For 12 years of his stay on the Anadyr River, S.I. Dezhnev imposed yasak (a small tribute in furs, which was paid by Siberian foreigners “as a gift to the white king”) on the inhabitants of the middle reaches of the river. Anadyr. The Anadyr fort became a stronghold in the development of Chukotka and Kamchatka. It was from here that expeditions departed. In 1697-1699. Atlasova and Morozko to Kamchatka. In 1660, K. Ivanov to the Bay of the Cross and Providence Bay. In 1685, L. Morozko and I. Golygina went to the “Koryak land” to Cape Olyutorsky.
The first Russian expeditions to Chukotka were organized by merchants who lured Cossacks with them, and were not in the nature of a targeted state policy. Merchants were primarily interested in furs and walrus tusk. The first facts of barter trade between Russian merchants and the Chukchi and Eskimos date back to the mid-17th century. Attempts by the Russian state to impose tribute indigenous people Chukotka often met resistance. Until 1778, the Chukchi were considered a “non-peaceful” people, until the head of the Anadyr fort, Major I. Shmalev, signed a peace treaty with them.
At the end of the 17th and 18th centuries there was a period of intertribal wars in Chukotka. Military clashes between the Chukchi and Koryaks were especially frequent. The seizure of reindeer herds, along with nomadic reindeer herding, became one of the sectors of the economy of indigenous peoples who moved to the stage of “military democracy” in their social development. More numerous Chukchi left the zones of Russian influence and pressed aside the Koryaks, Kereks, and Yukaghirs, who sought protection from the Russians.
The discovery of Kamchatka, rich in sables, changed the attitude of Russian rulers to the development of Northeast Eurasia. In 1713, Peter 1 issued a decree on finding a sea route from the Okhotsk coast to Kamchatka, and in 1725 - on equipping the First Kamchatka expedition(1725 - 1730) led by Vitus Bering in search of a strait between Asia and America and routes to the latter. In 1728, Bering, with his assistant Alexei Chirikorv and the crew on the ship St. Gabriel, sailed from Kamchatka to the strait that was later named after him. At the same time, in 1729, in order to “pacify” the Chukchi wars and finally explain the indigenous population, a military expedition was undertaken under the command of Major A. Shestakov, but his detachment was defeated by the Chukchi. In 1731, Shestakov’s subordinate, Major D. Pavlutsky, undertook new trip. The Cossacks, accompanied by the Koryaks and Yukaghirs, reached the Arctic Ocean through the Anadyr and Belaya rivers and returned, defeating a detachment of Chukchi. In 1732, Dmitry Pavlutsky sent the boat “St. Gabriel" under the leadership of I. Fedorov and M. Gvozdev. They draw up the first map of the Bering Strait, putting the Diomede Islands on it. Subsequently, Pavlutsky several times undertook military campaigns with the goal of finally bringing the Chukchi into Russian citizenship, but they were ineffective. In 1747, on the Orlovka River (100 km south of the Anadyr fort), his detachment was defeated, and the fleeing Chukchi major was overtaken and killed at the hill now called Mayorskaya (in the vicinity of Markovo).
In the second half of the 18th century, the Anadyr fort, after the opening of the sea route to Kamchatka, finally lost its significance and was destroyed in 1771, management transferred to Gizhiga. However, the Russian government is undertaking a number of scientific expeditions, the purpose of which was to consolidate and develop new territories, including Chukotka. Purposeful study of this region began with the Second Kamchatka Expedition (1735 - 1745), in which G. Miller, I. Gmelin, S. Krasheninnikov, G. Steller and other outstanding scientists took part. They collected the first information about the peoples of the Far North, the geographical environment and fauna of the region.
In 1736,1739-1742 Dmitry Laptev undertook his voyages and campaigns. In 1763-1764, the first Chukchi scientist Nikolai Daurkin traveled around Chukotka, drawing up maps. In 1762, and then 1765, Nikita Shalaurov set off on a voyage around the Chukotka Peninsula in a northeastern passage from the mouth of the Lena to Cape Shelagsky.
The strengthening of Russian influence in Chukotka was greatly facilitated by the flexible policy of the Russian government in the second half of the 18th century and the development of trade relations with indigenous peoples. So, in 1779, Empress Catherine II - on October 11, 1779 - ordered “not to take any yasak from the Chukchi for 10 years, provided that they live peacefully with the Koryaks.” In 1788, the first fair took place on the river. Big Anyui. Later, the official fair was transferred to the Maly Anyui River near the former Anyui fort (the modern village of Ostrovnoye). Hundreds of reindeer herders came here, bringing arctic fox, fox, sable, otter skins, walrus tusks, deer meat, and seal belts for exchange. Russian traders brought tobacco, tea, iron axes and knives, copper cauldrons and other goods. The sale of alcoholic beverages at fairs was prohibited.
From the end of the 18th - beginning of the 19th centuries, Chukotka began to be thoroughly established Russian population, the villages of Markovo, Bannoe, Oselkino, etc. appear. Attempts at Christianization are being actively undertaken local population, but only among the Evens did this religion spread widely. In 1839, a chapel was built in the village. Fortress, then church in Markovo.
The entire development of the northern Russian territories from 1799 to 1867 was supervised by a specially created Russian-American company, which was organized by G. Shelikhov and headed by A.A. Baranov.
In 1822, a special decree “On the management of foreigners” was issued, where the indigenous peoples of Chukotka were named among other peoples.
After Alexander II sold Alaska in 1867 for $7 million (4.7 cents per hectare), American traders and whalers began active activities in Chukotka. To strengthen Russia's influence in the northeast, a special Chukotka expedition was organized in 1868-1869 under the leadership of Baron Maydel. He managed to persuade some of the wealthy Chukchi to swear allegiance to the Russian crown.
Since 1872 The Russian government organized cruising of military ships along the coast of Chukotka.
In 1883, the self-taught Chuvan Afanasy Dyachkov in the village. Markovo opens the first parochial school in Chukotka.
On July 9, 1888, the Russian government decided to allocate the Anadyr district within the Gizhiginsky district, the first head of which was L.F. Grinevetsky. In 1889, he founded the Novo-Mariinsk post (now the city of Anadyr) on the shore of the Anadyr estuary. In 1897, the first population census was carried out in Chukotka under the leadership of the head of the district, who later became the Amur governor N.L. Gondatti.

Formation of the Anadyr district and the founding of the Novo-Mariinsk post.
On June 9 (old style), 1889, the clipper “Robber” entered the Anadyr Estuary. Officials of the newly created Anadyr district, Mr. L.F., arrived on the clipper ship. Grinevetsky - the head of the district, his assistant Mr. Dmitriev, 12 Cossacks, and construction materials, food and other goods were also delivered. The clipper was commanded by captain first rank N.P. Wulf. On July 21, 1889, construction of the first wooden house on Alexandra Spit was completed. On the second day, July 22 (August 3, new style), 1889, the house was illuminated, over which the Russian national flag was raised and a salute was fired from the onboard guns of the clipper "Robber". The illumination of the house took place on the name day of Tsarina Maria Feodorovna, which determined the name of the settlement: Mariinsk, but, taking into account settlements already existing in Russia with the same name, it began to be called Novo-Mariinsk. The post was founded not far from the ancient Chukchi village of Vien (from Chukchi, “entrance”) as a border point, a district center, but it grew slowly. Mostly government and private trade warehouses were built here. The most notable events of the early twentieth century were the discovery of placer gold in the Golden Ridge area and the construction of a radio station in Novo-Mariinsk in 1912-1914, which was then one of the four most powerful stations in Russia. Its long-wave spark transmitters made it possible to maintain communication with Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Okhotsk, and Nome (Alaska).
Before the October Revolution of 1917, Chukotka was part of the Kamchatka region of the Amur region. At the end of February 1918, Soviet power was proclaimed in the Kamchatka region (though not for long), and in Chukotka the first body of the new government was the 1st Revolutionary Committee of Chukotka, which operated from December 16, 1919 to January 31, 1920. Envoys of the Primorsky organization of the RCP (b) Sergei Mandrikov and August Berzin organized a revolutionary international group, which included Ukrainians, Belarusians, Russians, Ingush, Latvians, Chuvans and representatives of other nationalities - 13 people in total. This group overthrew the power of the Kolchak administration in Anadyr and later established Soviet power in Markovo and Ust-Belaya.
The Revolutionary Committee organized the purchase of coal for free distribution to the poor, approved prices and standards for the distribution of goods, established control over the work of state food warehouses, increased teachers' salaries, nationalized some of the goods of Russian and foreign merchants in order to prevent famine in Markovo and Ust-Belaya, introduced universal labor conscription However, on January 31, 1920, businessmen organized a counter-revolutionary coup, later shooting 11 members of the First Revolutionary Committee. But already in the summer of that year, the power of the counter-revolutionaries was eliminated and a second revolutionary committee was organized, headed by the former Baltic sailor Vasily Mikhailovich Chekmarev. Then the Kolchakites again took power in Chukotka into their own hands. Soviet power in the region was finally established only in 1923, when the last detachments of Kolchak’s followers were expelled.
The formation of the First Anadyr District Revolutionary Committee on December 16, 1919 opened a new page in the history of the city. By this time, about 300 people lived in it. Soviet power did not last long then; on January 31, 1920, a coup organized by merchants took place, and in early February the Revolutionary Committee members were shot. But already on August 1, 1920, the new body of the people's revolutionary government - the Anadyr district executive committee - began to reorganize the life of the village.
From November 1920 to March 1921, the Kamchatka region was part of the Far Eastern Republic, where there was a struggle to establish Soviet power. Since November 1922, the Far Eastern Republic was transformed into the Far Eastern Region of the RSFSR. Revolutionary committees operated in Chukotka. On January 4, 1926, the Far Eastern Territory was formed with a transition from the provincial and district divisions to the district district system. The counties were reorganized into districts: Anadyr and Chukotka. They became part of the Kamchatka Okrug.
On December 10, 1930, the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the RSFSR adopted a resolution "On the organization of national associations in areas of settlement of small nationalities of the North." According to this decree, the Chukotka National District was formed with a temporary district center at the Chukotka cultural base (Gulf of Lawrence). In fact, already in 1931, Anadyr finally became the capital of the district.
For a long time, the post, then the village, was known under two names: Novo-Mariinsk and Anadyr. The decision to rename the settlement Anadyr was made several times by various administrative bodies, until it was finally approved in 1924 by a resolution of the Kamchatka Gubernia Revolutionary Committee. The city inherited its name from Anadyrsk (Anadyrsky fort), founded on the river in the mid-17th century by pioneer Cossacks.
The development of Anadyr is connected with the development of the administrative-territorial structure of Chukotka. Since 1927 it has been the center of the Anadyr region. After the formation of the Chukotka National District in 1930, almost immediately, Anadyr became the capital of the district. Here in the early 30s. The first industrial enterprises appeared in Chukotka - a fish canning plant, which included the Coal Mines, located on the left bank of the Anadyr Estuary. To train personnel from the local population, the first secondary specialized educational institution was opened in Anadyr in 1939 - a pedagogical school, where many famous teachers, writers, scientists, and public figures of Chukotka began their studies.
On October 20, 1932, the Kamchatka Okrug was reorganized into a region, which, when the Far Eastern Territory was divided on October 20, 1938 into Khabarovsk and Primorsky, became part of the Khabarovsk Territory. The Chukotka National District remained part of the Kamchatka region.
On June 20, 1924, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee created the Committee for Assistance to the Peoples of the Northern Outskirts under the leadership of Smidovich. On June 27, 1927, the Joint-Stock Kamchatka Company (AKO) was created to develop the economy and supply food to northern regions, and at the beginning of 1930 the Chukotka District Integral Union was formed.
By 1928-1936 refers to the formation of aviation in Chukotka, the main airfields were Cape Severny (Schmidt) and Anadyr.
In the summer of 1930, the first reindeer herding collective farm was organized from united nomadic groups living on Gek Land.
In 1931, the first cultural institutions were created in the district: the District Museum in Anadyr and the Uelen bone-carving workshop.
In 1932, the first All-Russian Conference on the development of languages ​​and writing of the peoples of the North was held, after which committees for a new alphabet of the peoples of the North were created. On October 8, 1933, the first issue of the district newspaper “Sovetskaya Chukotka” /now “Far North”/ was published, and later a special supplement was published in the Chukotka language.
A huge role in the development of the economy of the Chukotka District was played by the organization on December 17, 1932 of the Main Directorate of the Northern Sea Route (GUSMP), which was engaged in the industrial and geological development of Chukotka. Under his auspices, polar stations, ports, airfields, and industrial enterprises were created; hydrographic and geological work was carried out. For the development of the Northern Sea Route in 1933-1934. An icebreaking voyage of the motor ship "Chelyuskin" was organized. The expedition was led by O.Yu. Schmidt.
On February 27, 1937, by order of the People's Commissariat of the RSFSR, the Chukotka land management expedition was created, which allocated land for economic activity individual collective farms and enterprises, carried out zoning. According to this expedition, the population of the district in 1938 was 18,390 people, of which 12,101 were Chukchi, 1,280 were Eskimos, and 3,020 were visitors. 3.3 thousand people lived in the district center, the village of Anadyr.
On December 12, 1937, the first elections to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR were held in Chukotka. The first deputy to the Council of Nationalities from Chukotka was the Chukchi Tevlyanto, who simultaneously worked as chairman of the regional executive committee.
On October 1, 1939, the Anadyr Pedagogical School was opened to train specialists from among the residents of Chukotka.
During the Great Patriotic War Chukotka provided enormous assistance to the country in the victory over fascism. Conscripts from Chukotka villages took part in battles on the fronts. Chukotka provided the metal necessary for defense - tin. In August 1941, the Chaun-Chukotka Mining Combine was created. The coal industry began to develop actively. During the war years, 199.4 thousand tons of coal were mined at the Anadyr deposit and in Ugolnaya Bay. During the war years, the Anadyr Fish Processing Plant supplied the front with 8 million cans of canned food, while a significant part of the product went to meet the needs of the district, because food was not imported from the mainland.
In the early 50s. In Chukotka, the collectivization of reindeer husbandry and marine hunting was completed, and a campaign to transform collective farms into state farms began, which lasted until 1975.
On May 28, 1951, by decision of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, he was allocated to direct subordination Khabarovsk region. On December 3, 1953, the Chukotka National District became part of the Magadan Region.
Anadyr began to grow and develop rapidly since the late 50s. A maritime point appeared here, which in 1961 became a major seaport, through which all the necessary cargo and building materials for the first wooden two-story houses on the high right bank of the estuary were imported. The village is becoming crowded on the historical Alexander Spit; it has stepped across the Kazachka River onto an elevated part of the tundra.
On January 12, 1965, by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, the village of Anadyr received city status. The food industry and construction industry have developed there. Four and five-story buildings have become familiar in its silhouette. Every year Anadyr is being landscaped and pleasing the eyes of residents with multi-colored facades of houses. All administrative and government agencies of the district, the district hospital, several secondary specialized schools and branches of higher educational institutions are located here. The basis of the city’s energy supply is a combined heat and power plant, which has been operating at full capacity since 1987. Communications are developing in the city; the first telephone exchange with 40 numbers came into operation in 1964. Now an automatic telephone exchange provides communication with all corners of our country and abroad. Since 1972, the Anadyr ground station for ultra-long-range space transmissions of the Orbit system has been broadcasting Central Television programs. The Anadyr television center, now transformed into the state television and radio company "Chukotka", was created back in 1967.
According to the 1977 USSR Constitution, the national district became autonomous.
In the 70s and 80s, the development of the leading sectors of the economy in Chukotka continued, changes took place in cultural life districts. On August 7, 1968, the first professional Chukchi-Eskimo ensemble "Ergyron" ("Dawn" translated from Chukchi) was created.
On December 9, 1970, the district was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, and on December 29, 1972, the Order of Friendship of Peoples.
In 1973, the first signs of oil were discovered in the Anadyr region, but field development began only recently.
In 1992, after Chukotka left the Magadan region and received the status of an independent entity Russian Federation, Anadyr again received the status of a city of district subordination, which it had previously enjoyed until 1957.
Anadyr is not only the administrative, but also the cultural and scientific center of the district. There are several scientific institutions here, the district library named after. Tan Bogoraz, National College of Arts, original national ensembles “Ergyron” and “Chukotka”. The reconstruction of the Polyarny cinema was recently completed.
Many historical and artistic monuments are located in the city. Memorial to the First Revolutionary Committee of Chukotka by sculptor V.E. Queen. Palace of Children's Creativity, created by the architect Antonio Miche and engineer M. Galakhov, commissioned in 1974. Pioneers from all over the country collected money for its construction. Buildings from the early twentieth century, preserved on the site of the founding of the city - Alexandra Spit, where the old chapel has now been reconstructed and the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord operates.

Nature of Anadyr and its surroundings
The climate in the vicinity of Anadyr is greatly influenced by the Anadyr Bay of the Bering Sea. The weather here is very changeable, with monsoon winds often blowing from the sea. Under the influence of southern winds, floods are often observed, especially in late autumn. Other climate features include frequently changing atmospheric pressure. Average annual precipitation is 445 mm. Average annual temperature in Anadyr – 7.4 g. C. In 2001, the lowest winter temperature was recorded on December 26 - 39.6 degrees, and the highest summer temperature on July 21 + 24 degrees.
Anadyr and its surroundings belong to the subzone of shrubless tundra. The nature of the vegetation here is also determined by the proximity of the sea and harsh winds. Near the city, only dwarf trees and rare shrubs grow in the tundra, and in the spring it amazes with the bright colors of the blooming flowers of rhododendrons, poppies, fireweed, polar lilac, wild rosemary. In summer and autumn, the tundra pleases the townspeople with an abundance of mushrooms and berries: cloudberries, blueberries, shiksha, lingonberries. Old-timers of Anadyr claim that the most mushroom and berry places are in the area of ​​​​the two hills of Dionysius and Mikhail, which are located a few kilometers from the city. Among the cultivated plantings, several types of shrubs, alder, poplar, and willow, have taken root on the city streets. Enthusiasts grow tomatoes, cabbage, and cucumbers in greenhouses, and radishes and lettuce in open ground, not far from the city in a place called “dacha.”
Many feathered inhabitants flock to the outskirts of the city in the spring - gulls (kittiwake, herring and glaucous gull), skuas, Arctic terns, several species of waders. Partridges, snow buntings, polar owls, magpies, on sea ​​vessels The sparrows also arrived here, delighting the townspeople with their chirping. At the bird market of Alyumka Island, which is near the city, mottled puffins, puffins, guillemots, and Beringian cormorants settle. During a tour around the outskirts of Anadyr, museum staff will tell you many ancient legends about Mount Dionysius and the island of Alyumka, the name of which is translated from the Chukchi language as “a piece of something tangled.”
The area around the city is inhabited by ermines, weasels, arctic foxes, brown bears, and sometimes white bears. But most of all, city guests remember their encounters with eurashkas (long-tailed ground squirrels). These funny animals are almost tame; they do not hesitate to beg for bread crumbs from mushroom pickers and berry pickers.
Wonderful fishing off the coast of the Anadyr Estuary. In the summer, salmon, nelma, pike are caught with a net, and salmon and smelt are caught with fishing rods. But city residents prefer to catch smelt from under the ice, using spoons in winter, because at this time of year they are large, fatty, with caviar and have a fragrant cucumber scent. At the end of April, every year on the ice of the estuary a competition to catch this fish, “Korfest,” is held. Among the inhabitants of the waters of the estuary, the attention of tourists is always attracted by beluga whales with their cubs, who stage whole dance performances, and arctic seals (seals, as they are affectionately called in Chukotka), which stick out their curious faces near the nets of fishermen and in whole groups surround boats carrying passengers to another shore of the estuary.

Key dates in the history of Chukotka
XXX – V111 thousand BC e. – the oldest Paleolithic traces of humans in Chukotka.
11 – 1 thousand BC – spread of the culture of wild deer hunters throughout Chukotka.
End of 11 thousand BC e. - the beginning of the formation of the Eskimo culture of sea hunters.
1644 – foundation of the Nizhnekolymsky fort.
1648 – 1649 – sailing of S. Dezhnev and F. Popov around the Chukotka Peninsula from the river. Kolyma on the river Anadyr.
1652 – construction of the Anadyr fort.
1728 – Vitus Bering’s voyage to the shores of Chukotka and the Bering Strait.
1771 – Liquidation of the Anadyr fort.
1778 – I.S. Shmalev concludes a peace treaty with the Chukchi.
1778 – J. Cook’s voyage to Cape Ryrkaipiy.
1883 – opening of the first parochial school in Chukotka in the village. Markovo A.E. Dyachkov.
1888 – organization of the Anadyr district.
1889 – foundation of the Novo-Mariinsk post L.F. Grinevetsky (now Anadyr).
1897 - the first population census in Chukotka was carried out by the head of the district N.L. Gondatti.
1909 - creation of the Chukotka district with its center in Providence Bay. In 1912, the district center was moved to the village. Whalen.
1914 – opening of the first radio station in Chukotka.
December 16, 1919 – The First Revolutionary Committee of Chukotka took power into its own hands.
February 2, 8, 1920 - members of the First Revolutionary Committee of Chukotka were shot.
1924 - The Committee for Assistance to the Peoples of the Northern Outskirts was created under the All-Russian Central Executive Committee.
On October 7, 1925, the Anadyr and Chukotka regions were formed.
August 1928 – the Chukotka cultural base was organized (Lavrentia Bay).
December 10, 1930 - creation of the Chukotka National District.
December 17, 1932 – the Main Directorate of the Northern Sea Route (GUSMP) was created.
April 22-28, 1932 – 1st Chukotka District Congress of Soviets.
July 10, 1933 – Chaunsky district was organized.
October 28, 1933 – the first issue of the newspaper “Soviet Chukotka” (now “Far North”) was published.
1933 – 1934 – expedition led by O.Yu. Schmidt along the Northern Sea Route on the motor ship "Chelyuskin".
October 1, 1939 – Anadyr Pedagogical School was opened.
1941 – opening of the first Pyrkakai mine and the Valkumey mine for tin mining in the Chaunsky district.
May 18, 1951 – By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, the district was removed from subordination to the Kamchatka region and transferred to the Khabarovsk Territory.
December 3, 1953 – Formation of the Magadan Region, which included the Chukotka National District.
1954 – Iultinsky district was formed.
1957 - Beringovsky and Providensky districts were formed.
1958 - the first industrial gold was mined on the river. Ichuveem.
February 15, 1960 – the first state farms were organized: “Markovsky”, “Anyuysky”, “Kanchalansky”.
1960 – Markovsky district was abolished.
1961 – East Tundra region was renamed Bilibinsky.
January 12, 1965 – village. Anadyr received city status.
April 6, 1967 – the village of Pevek received city status.
1967 – Anadyr Television Center held its first television broadcast.
August 7, 1968 – geologists of the Anadyr complex expedition discovered a gas deposit of industrial importance.
September 21, 1969 – reburial of members of the First Revolutionary Committee of Chukotka in Anadyr.
December 7, 1970 – the first floating power plant in the Arctic, “Northern Lights”, gave power.
December 9, 1970 - the district was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor.
December 31, 1970 – Bilibino television station “Orbit” was put into operation.
March 15, 1972 – the Anadyr television station “Orbita” was put into operation.
December 29, 1972 - the district was awarded the Order of Friendship of Peoples.
January 28, 1973 – the first signs of oil were discovered in the Anadyr region.
1973 – Shmidtovsky district was formed.
January 12, 1974 - the first unit of the Bilibino nuclear power plant gave current.
August 24, 1974 - the Palace of Pioneers (now the Palace of Children's Creativity) was opened in Anadyr, funds for the construction of which were collected by pioneers throughout the country.
1977 – the district received autonomous status.
February 1979 – regular non-stop passenger flights Moscow - Pevek began.
January 1980 – first flight of the Tu-154 Moscow – Anadyr.
February 1983 - the first non-stop flight of the Il-62 aircraft on the route Moscow - Anadyr.
1989 – the city of Anadyr became a sister city to the city of Betl (Alaska).
1992 - Chukotka Autonomous Okrug became an independent subject of the Russian Federation.

And another unique tourist offer for active travelers those who want to see Chukotka. Travel to the Cape of All Winds, Cape Navarin.

This journey is variable: it can be done by boat or on foot. Read below to see how all this will look.

Region: Chukotka, Anadyrsky district

Arrival dates:

August 27 (arrival in Anadyr) - September 12 (departure from Anadyr)
September 12 (arrival in Anadyr) - September 27 (departure from Anadyr)

Number of participants: up to 10 people (m minimum number of group participants 5 people)

Difficulty level: when traveling by boat - minimum experience in participating in hikes, when traveling on foot - mandatory experience in participating in multi-day hikes.

Type of movement: motor boat, on foot, by car

Nature of the area: mountain and shrub tundra, sea coast

Mileage: when traveling by boat:160 km. by motor boat + 50 km. on foot.
when traveling on foot - 250 km.

Populated areas of Chukotka that we will visit: Anadyr, Ugolnye Kopi village, Beringovsky village and abandoned settlements: Beringovsky-1, Zarechensk, Gabriel Bay weather station.

Description of the trip: The trip to Chukotka begins in Anadyr - the capital of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Anadyr amazes guests with its colors - fairytale city, colorful, small, cozy. Anadyr has everything for the most demanding traveler: comfortable hotels, numerous restaurants, a cinema, a museum, the world's largest wooden Orthodox church built on permafrost, the world's largest monument to St. Nicholas the Wonderworker and much more. But of course, it’s not for these benefits of civilization that you’ll fly for almost 8 hours on a plane.

We are going to the north of the Koryak Highlands, to the village of Beringovsky. The Koryak Highlands are one of the most scenic spots for traveling in Russia. Autumn in these parts is a real fireworks display of colors. For people experienced in hiking romance, the walking route will bring real pleasure. Mountain rivers and the tundras are picturesque and fantastically landscaped, especially when you find yourself on mountain lakes. We will cover the 100 kilometer route to Gabriel Bay, where the abandoned polar weather station is located, in 5 days.

Those who don’t like multi-kilometer crossings will go to Gabriel Bay by motor boat. The most picturesque shores, steep cliffs with numerous bird colonies, the Coast of Wrecked Ships, in the area of ​​​​the Cape of Military Topographers, will not leave anyone indifferent. This is a unique and amazing sight. Once at the weather station, the group will spend several days in the lodge waiting for walking participants, enjoying amazing views and watching the migration of whales.

Next, our joint path lies to Cape Navarin, the stormiest place in Russia. We will visit a magnificent lighthouse built 30 years ago, we will see and fish in the rivers of salmon going to spawn.

But all this splendor is just a prelude to a truly enchanting spectacle. The peninsula jutting deep into the sea ends with Mount Heiden. The five-hundred-meter mountain, gently sloping from the mainland, breaks off into the sea with vertical cliffs. Lying on a rock ledge, you can spend hours watching the flight of birds and looking at the deafening surf. “Between heaven and earth” is the most accurate description that a person experiences in these places. For a few hours at Cape Navarin, it is worth going and walking hundreds of kilometers. A person who is completely far from ornithology and bird watching will be able to realize in this place all the beauty of their free soaring, because birds are everywhere here: from above, from the side, from below, it seems worthwhile to stretch out your hand and you will get them.

No less spectacular is the ocean covered with thick clouds, in which the tops of distant capes stick out like islands. This journey can safely be called a journey to the land of beauty.

Unique features:
- see the largest wooden Orthodox church built on permafrost (in Anadyr)
- take a photo near the world’s largest monument to St. Nicholas the Wonderworker (Anadyr)
- visit the stormiest region of Russia, Cape Navari (Cape of All Winds)
- catch grayling and char on a spinning rod
- visit the southernmost polar weather station "Gabriel's Bay" (abandoned)
- see one of the largest bird colonies in Chukotka (up to 1 million birds) in the area of ​​Cape Navarin
- take a trip on sea motor boats along the coast of Chukotka, see the Coast of Broken Ships (for those who take the route on motor boats)
- watch bears, black-capped marmots, whales
- take a photo near the only locomobile in Chukotka

Cost of participation: 120 thousand rubles for participants walking route and 160 thousand rubles for those traveling by boat. The cost of the tour includes the purchase of tickets on the Anadyr-Beringovsky-Anadyr route, expedition meals, accommodation in Anadyr, Beringovsky village, tourist equipment: tent, emergency communications equipment, campfire and other equipment, rental of sea and road transport.
The price does not include payment for tickets to Anadyr, meals in Anadyr and Beringovsky.

Conditions of participation: Application for participation must be sent by email to: [email protected]
After submitting the application, you must make an advance payment in the amount of 50% of the trip participation. Prepayment must be made before April 1, 2016. This is a mandatory condition, because During this period, it is necessary to purchase tickets for local flights. You pay the rest of the cost upon arrival in Anadyr.

Question: what should I do if I decide that I want to travel after April 1, 2016?
Answer: You have the opportunity to go on a trip, but the cost of participation increases by 20%.

Question: if I made an advance payment, but later have to refuse to participate in the trip?
Answer: The prepayment amount will be returned to you, minus 10% of the tour cost, which is an organizational fee.

Question: can the trip be cancelled?
Answer: maybe if the number of participants is less than 5 people. You will be informed about the cancellation of the tour no less than 30 days before the start of the tour. In this case, the advance payment is fully refunded.

Question: How to get to Anadyr?
Answer: You can get to Anadyr by direct flight from Moscow - UTair airline, as well as by flights from Khabarovsk, Yakutsk and Magadan - Yakutia airline. The last three directions are subsidized and a ticket from Khabarovsk, Yakutsk and Magadan to Anadyr costs 8,000 rubles. Thus, it is sometimes cheaper to fly connecting flights from Moscow via Khabarovsk (Yakutsk or Magadan) to Anadyr.
In addition to these questions, you will have a lot of others, including equipment, weather, nutrition, etc. things. You will receive detailed individual answers to all these questions by email.

When you fly over Europe, you see a scattering of lights, cities, and ribbons of roads. Flying over the expanses of Siberia creates an amazing illusion: the planet seems uninhabited.

Anadyr

The first thing you notice at the airport is a small, dirty pile of snow that hasn’t melted yet. And this is in the summer!

The airport is located only 10 km from the city, but the path from the ramp to the hotel is unusual. It is impossible to get to Anadyr by land: planes land and take off on the other side of the huge Anadyr estuary. When this water surface is frozen, minibuses run along winter roads, spinning their wheels over many meters of water. You can also pay extra for a seat in a helicopter that picks up wealthy polar explorers from the airfield. As for our flight, all passengers were transported upon arrival by small river boats.

At one of them we met Stepan Selezny from the Chernigov region. It turned out that he was going to work, and had been working in Chukotka for many years now with a team of construction workers, almost all of whom were from Ukraine. Labor is needed in the North, they pay well here, so even Turks and Canadians work. But Ukrainian workers are employed not entirely legally - at least some of them.

In Anadyr itself, one is surprised by the emphasized diversity of colors of the houses: modern five-story buildings here stand on stilts, as if on needles - these are special foundations for permafrost, and local buildings are made up of multi-colored blocks - blue and burgundy, brown and green, yellow and light blue... Tones muted, dim, and this is understandable: the general background of the leaden sky no longer puts so much pressure on the eyes. Sometimes a huge photograph adorns the entire wall - a portrait of an Evenki beauty, flying birds or sailboats at sea.

Weather in Chukotka

Chukotka has no luck with the climate at all: neighboring Alaska is much warmer and sunnier. The point is that north winds they blow precisely on the local shores, which makes the winter even harsher. Summer is a hot time, but always very short.

On the coast there is often a strong, simply incredible wind, so everything here is secured and tied in knots. The most common detail of an outfit, both men's and women's, is the hood. Be sure to take care of this local fashion fad for yourself. The wind can rise suddenly, with record gusts reaching 80 m/s. You need to button it tightly, up to the neck, up to the top button.

The wind can end just as suddenly. Only a slight ringing in the ears will remain. And if you go deep into the continent, on one of the proposed tours - on all-terrain vehicles in the summer, on reindeer in the winter - you will be pleasantly surprised: there, behind the wall of hills, the wind is like wind, quite familiar to a European.

Governor of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug

The doctor from Moscow, with whom we flew to Anadyr, told something similar to a joke about the realities of Chukchi. According to him, local, not very educated residents consider oligarch Roman Abramovich... a living god! This was allegedly even recorded in one of the sociological surveys conducted in Chukotka.

During Putin's rule, Abramovich was twice appointed governor of this region. Subsequently, President Medvedev terminated his powers ahead of schedule with the wording “at his own request,” but after a few days the businessman was elected as a deputy of the local legislative body, where he won with a truly record number of votes (96.99%) and then he was unanimously elected to the post of Chairman of the Chukotka Duma Autonomous Okrug.

The trick is that the things and phenomena brought here personally by Roman Abramovich actually somehow resemble gifts from higher powers. It was with his arrival that the local people learned what it was mobile communications, plastic salary cards, charter flights and much more.

Oligarch Abramovich remains the speaker of the Chukotka Legislative Assembly to this day... Although he lives in London.

North Star

People in Anadyr are still well settled: the city is located 200 kilometers south of Severny Arctic Circle. This circle is just a latitude on the globe. A certain feature on an area like the Great Chinese wall there are none, although there are signs, monuments and arches along the routes - mainly for tourists.

It was the ancient Greeks who first reached the border of the Arctic, and they were not at all surprised that the summer sun in the Norwegian Sea was not going to disappear beyond the horizon. Because 100 years before their significant trip, one of Plato’s students proved the existence of this phenomenon on his fingers.

At the latitude of the circle, the polar day lasts a day only once, on June 21-22, that is, the sun does not set once a year. And in the northern regions of Chukotka, daylight reigns for about a month, in June-July. And in winter the daylight does not rise at all.

“How do you live in the middle of the polar night?” - we were repeatedly surprised. “The same as on a polar day,” the local residents shrugged. - I woke up - that means it’s morning. The working day ends - evening."

It was not possible to admire the polar lights, since they are extremely rare on short summer nights and are more typical for autumn and spring. But the maid in the hotel, the Evenk girl Tinil (she allowed us to call her Tatyana), spoke about another related phenomenon that happens to people in these northern regions. They say “call of the North Star”, or simply “meryachka”. It happens that a whole team of construction workers suddenly wakes up at night, leaves the trailers on the street and also walks into the tundra without opening their eyes. Or the Chukchi will leave the entire camp and go towards the ghostly fire.

This strange disease, which was studied by Bekhterev, affects people with unstable psyches and poor health. It manifests itself in the fact that during flashes in the sky, a person temporarily switches off, stops perceiving his surroundings, but hears strange voices, sounds, magical singing, and sees angels. So he comes to meet them - always to the north, towards the radiance.

Problems of Chukotka

However, the Far North attracts many not only with its ghostly light. Having enlisted here for a year, then returning home, people sometimes find no place for themselves; they are drawn again and again to these regions. It's not just about the beauty of the landscapes: for example, by building residential buildings, you can make a lot of money here.

In Chukotka, visitors and natives drink a lot, and not just “to keep warm.” The aborigines of the North have a special organism: it does not contain an enzyme that breaks down alcohol. Therefore, they are very easy to get drunk, which is what the colonialists used for many centuries. Poisoning with “scorched” vodka is one of the main causes of death in Chukotka. In settlements remote from Anadyr, “drunk Friday” was even introduced, something like a mild prohibition law. This means that alcoholic drinks are sold only at three last days weeks. Another phenomenon - whether this is related to the problem of alcoholism or not is unknown - but the growth rates in the number of sexually transmitted diseases in recent years in Chukotka are terrifying. They are several times larger than the all-Russian ones.

Permafrost

It was there that we went from the center of the Autonomous Okrug on a pre-paid tour. It included a domestic flight from Anadyr to Egvekinot and back. The travel programs were called in a very Soviet way: “Visiting the reindeer herders” with an overnight stay in a camp, “Visiting the sea hunters” with accommodation in the Chukchi village of Uelkal. The cost of tours is $3-7 thousand per person, depending on the conditions of additional comfort.

A traveler in Chukotka needs a lot of patience and special endurance; there you should always be prepared for extreme weather events. Of all the places I know, including the Siberian taiga, the peninsula holds the palm (or dwarf birch?) championship in the number of midges. In addition to mosquitoes, it is teeming with: small midges, black flies, gadflies and God knows what other flying ghouls. A smart tourist is one who dresses correctly, and this includes all kinds of anti-mosquito equipment: windbreakers, encephalitis, mosquito hats, etc. and all this is available in the local retail chain. But it’s still worth stocking up on both clothing and chemicals in advance. It is more reliable and, in many cases, cheaper.

How to go to Chukotka

The Chukotka Autonomous Okrug belongs to the border zone of Russia, and an appropriate regime operates on its territory. That is, foreigners must apply for a pass there, and this is more difficult than obtaining a visa to some countries. Entry permits are issued by the Federal border service FSB of Russia on the basis of personal statements from citizens or petitions from enterprises, for example, travel agencies. It is important to know exactly your future route, since movement across the territory of Chukotka requires mandatory registration at all (!) Points of stay.

What to see in Chukotka

Anadyr- a port city in the extreme northeast of Russia, the administrative center of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Located on the shores of the Bering Sea gulf in the permafrost zone.

aurora- an optical phenomenon in the upper layers of the atmosphere, the glow of individual parts of the night sky, which changes quickly. Duration - from a few minutes to a whole day.

Golden Ridge- snowy mountain range on the territory of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, stretches along the coast of the Gulf of Anadyr. highest peak- John Peak (1012 m). Industrial reserves of gold were found in these mountains in 1905, hence the name.

arctic tundra- a treeless natural zone that extends north of the taiga zone.

Chukchi etiquette

Don’t be surprised if at the entrance to somewhere (a store, the entrance to a house...) you won’t be able to immediately miss someone you meet. We are used to first letting out those who leave the premises, and then entering ourselves. Here it’s the other way around - first they give a person the opportunity to get into the warmth. This Chukotka trait comes from long frosty winters.

Polar cuisine

Traditionally, people are treated to venison at camp sites in local settlements. Note: here you can taste it not only in its “pure” form, but also buy sausages or eat venison soup.

Interestingly, the cost of 1 kg of this meat in the capitals of the world reaches € 60-70. Chukchi reindeer herders “rent” it for 27 rubles per kilo (about 10 UAH). On the market in Anadyr it costs 120-130 rubles.

In Chukotka they like to eat young shoots of polar willow, wild onions and sorrel. And, of course, berries: cloudberries, blueberries, lingonberries, rose hips.

Among the seasonings, we liked pupukit root - it tastes like coriander. In general, there are probably no less vegetable seasonings in Chukchi cuisine than in Indian cuisine. Pelkumret, lemkut, yechavtin, ipien - these are some of the names of local roots and herbs.

Cold winds and snow storms, what else can you expect from a region where winter lasts almost all year round? However, people live here too. The capital of Chukotka is the city of Anadyr. Who inhabits it? What is the history of this city? We will reveal details about it.

Chukotka Autonomous Okrug

Chukotka is located in the Far North. It completely occupies the peninsula of the same name, as well as several nearby islands. In Russia, this district is surrounded by the Magadan region, Kamchatka region and Yakutia, in the east it borders with the USA. Its shores are washed by the Pacific and Arctic Oceans.

Most of the district is located beyond the Arctic Circle. Only its inhabitants know what the sea is like in Chukotka: narwhals, fin whales, various whales and walruses. The temperature of local waters rarely exceeds 12 degrees. If we talk seriously about the seas of Chukotka, then these harsh lands are washed by three equally harsh seas - the Bering, Chukotka and East Siberian.

Winter here lasts almost ten months, and throughout the year there is a cold subarctic climate. Boundless expanses with numerous hills, mirror-clear lakes and rocky shores covered with snow most of the time. There is no summer as such in the region; the average temperature in July is only +5-+10 degrees. The region has almost no roads and no railways at all. The main transport on the peninsula is trucks and all-terrain vehicles.

The Chukotka Autonomous Okrug has many records. On the territory of the district there are extreme eastern points Russia (Cape Dezhnev and Ratmanov Island), as well as the northernmost (Pevek) and easternmost city of the country (Anadyr).

Within its borders is the easternmost permanent settlement - Uelen, and the northernmost port of the country - Pevek. The rocky Cape Navarin is the windiest place in Russia, and Wrangel Island is home to the largest population of polar bears in the Arctic.

Capital of Chukotka

Anadyr is the largest settlement in the district and its administrative center. It is located on the shore of the Bering Sea estuary of the same name, where the Anadyr and Kazachka rivers flow into it. A little to the west of the city is Onemen Bay. Anadyr is located on a slight rise, its center is at an altitude of 35 meters above sea level. To the southwest of it stretch vast areas of flat tundra, occasionally covered with hills.

This is one of the most remote cities in the country. Local time differs from Moscow time by as much as nine hours. Geographically, the city is much closer to Alaska than to the capital of Russia (700 km to Nome, 6192 km to Moscow).

The area of ​​Anadyr is only 20 square kilometers. It is built up with panel and block high-rise buildings. The appearance of the city is a little unusual. All his houses are colorful and resemble a toy town. This is how they cope with the pallor of local landscapes, because a small number of sunny days and the lack of bright colors around can cause a bad mood and even depression.

Climate

The climate of Anadyr is subarctic marine. In addition, it has a monsoonal nature. In fact, there are only two seasons here, and with each change, the air masses also change. In winter they are cold and dry, coming from the continent. Their effect is softened by the proximity of the sea. Therefore, winters in the city of Anadyr are easier to endure than in other regions of Chukotka.

Summers are very short and much cooler than in the rest of the region. At this time, the city's climate is influenced by air currents from the ocean. They bring precipitation, fog and cloudiness, depriving residents of sunlight.

Winter in Anadyr lasts seven months, about 70 days of which there are snowstorms. Spring is almost invisible and lasts only for the month of May. Autumn lasts from late August to late September.

The average temperature in July is +11 degrees, in January it reaches -22 degrees. Very often strong winds blow, which can reach up to 45 m/s. In summer they lead to storms and hurricanes, in winter they create strong blizzards and snowstorms. In 1968, one of these winds carried a helicopter across the airfield.

Animal and plant life

The nature of Chukotka is not as lush and colorful as in the tropical regions of the Earth, but it cannot be called completely poor either. More than a thousand species of mosses and lichens, as well as hundreds of species of trees and shrubs grow here.

The district is divided into an arctic desert zone, forest-tundra, tundra and deciduous taiga. The city of Anadyr is located in the tundra zone. Alder, cotton grass, sedge, dwarf cedar, rowan, blueberry bushes, lingonberries, rose hips, and shiksha grow around it. In addition, the tundra is rich in mushrooms. A large layer of permafrost prevents plants from deepening their roots. As a result, Chukotka's trees are not tall, and many look like shrubs.

The area is home to hares, bighorn sheep, black squirrels, chipmunks, minks, and predatory mammals such as fox, wolf, wolverine, polar bear, and sable. More than two hundred species of birds fly to the region. The waters of the Bering Sea are full of fish and marine mammals. In the Anadyr Estuary, locals catch smelt, pike, nelma, and salmon, and tourists watch seals and beluga whales.

History of the district capital

The history of Anadyr as a city is connected with the development of the northern lands by Russians. Chukotka was discovered thanks to Semyon Dezhnev in 1648. Then the region was nicknamed Zakolymye. In 1660, on the site of the first winter hut, the Anadyr fort was founded, which was located 10 kilometers from the village of Markovo.

In 1889, researcher and doctor Leonid Grinevetsky founded Anadyr district post Novo-Mariinsk, placing it on the shore of the estuary. At that time, Chukchi settlements were located on these lands. The location was very convenient - the spit consisted of rubble, not swampy tundra, and was a small hill.

Gradually, the post began to grow into a village, which later became the capital of Chukotka. It was renamed Anadyr in 1924. At this time, about 200 people lived here, there was a library and a first-aid post. Ten years later, the industrial development of Chukotka began, and Anadyr became the center of the district. Its population increased to a thousand people.

The first school and pedagogical college appeared in the village. During wartime, reserve airfields were built here, and the production of edible tin began. After World War II, the settlement continued to expand: a seaport was created, a dam was built on the Kazachka River, and the first water supply system appeared. In 1965, Anadyr received city status.

Population

Residents of the city are called Anadyrs. In terms of population, Anadyr is the largest city in Chukotka. It is home to about 15,000 people. These are mainly Russians, there are also Ukrainians, Belarusians and Tatars.

The indigenous population of Anadyr and the entire region are the Chukchi, Evens, Eskimos and Chuvans. They are engaged in traditional crafts: fishing, raising deer, hunting whales. The emergence of industrial cities and towns also influenced their life. Those who live in cities often work in local businesses and live in standard apartments, like non-Indigenous residents.

But the majority adhere to the traditional way of life and even make money from tourists. They move further away from cities, periodically wandering across the expanses of the tundra.

The most numerous ethnic group is the Chukchi. In Anadyr in 2002 there were 1,200 people. Near the city is their ethnic village Tavaivaam. There are much fewer representatives of other nationalities. In 2002, there were 153 Eskimos in the city of Anadyr, 200 Chuvans, and 142 Evens.

Many Chukchi still live in communities. They fish and sell handicrafts as souvenirs. Their traditional home is called yaranga. This is a portable tent covered with animal skins. You cannot see them in Anadyr or Tavaivaam, since ordinary panel houses were built there for the Chukchi.

The religion of the people, like that of the Eskimos, is animism. The Chukchi believe in the spirituality of the forces of nature, luminaries and animals, and believe in the existence of evil spirits. On some holidays, it is customary for them to “feed” the constellation or make a sacrifice to fire.

Life in Anadyr

This city is very clean and well maintained. All buildings and residential buildings in it are built on stilts, and communications are carried out on top. This is done due to permafrost. It comes very close to the surface of the earth. In contact with buildings, its upper layers can thaw and damage the strength of the foundation.

So distant geographical location also affects local prices. Living in Anadyr is very expensive. The cost of food and gasoline is almost twice the price in Moscow. There are few local products in the region, mainly deer meat and fish. The rest of the products are delivered to the city.

Residents of the city work at the fish factory, as well as at coal and gold mining enterprises, which are located nearby. There are two power plants in Anadyr - thermal and wind. The Anadyr wind farm is considered one of the largest in Russia.

You can get to the city by air. The local airport has flights to Khabarovsk and Moscow. It is located on the other side of the estuary, from which a helicopter flies to Anadyr.

Sights of Anadyr

The capital of Chukotka is not short of attractions. On the main square of the city - Lenin Square - there is a museum "Heritage of Chukotka". This is a very modern center with multimedia screens and other innovations. In it you can get a closer look at the life of Chukotka and the history of its development.

The Holy Trinity Cathedral on the shore of the estuary is the world's largest wooden church, which stands on permafrost. It was founded only in 2002. The temple was built taking into account all the nuances of local soils and weather. Thus, refrigeration units in its foundation do not allow the soil to heat up higher than -3 degrees, and all the aisles are combined so that the building can withstand cold and wind.

In Anadyr there is a monument to Nicholas the Wonderworker, writer Yuri Rytkheu, a monument to Lenin and several memorials. Mount St. Dionysius is located 50 km from the city; other mountains are visible across the river to the west. About 7 km away there is St. Michael's Hill, on which there is a tropospheric communication station.

Souvenirs

The main, and most importantly, tasty purchase in the capital of Chukotka can be red caviar and fish. They are easy to find in the store, but it is better to get them from local fishermen. The Chukchi sell a kilogram of caviar for about 400 rubles.

A special permit is required for your own fishing and the purchase of some souvenirs. But you can pick berries and mushrooms freely. They begin to appear in the summer-autumn period. On the pebble beach of Anadyr, in addition to the usual crushed stone, you can find onyx and other gems. They will be an excellent souvenir.

A permit will be required for those who want to take seal tusks or deer antlers with them. A ball made from seal skin can also serve as an exotic item. Traditional souvenirs Also included are items made from whalebone, carvings made from bone or tusks, clothing made from leather and animal fur.

Posted Sun, 09/11/2014 - 08:51 by Cap

walrus rookery in Chukotka

TOURISM IN CHUKOKA
There are places in the world that seem specially created to test a person’s “strength.” Chukotka is one of them. A land of permafrost, winds and blizzards, cutting two oceans like a rocky wedge, Chukotka reveals its unique beauty only to those who are boldly ready to meet difficulties. The extreme climate has shaped a very special life philosophy of indigenous peoples, whose way of life was initially subordinated to a higher goal - survival.
That is why in Chukotka it has always been considered very important to cultivate fortitude and strength of body, physical endurance and dexterity. And today the development of sports in the district plays a significant role. Moreover, both Olympic and national sports are popular. Dog and reindeer sled races and kayak competitions are an exciting and colorful spectacle that many come from afar to admire. However, many bright impressions and unique sensations await the brave traveler in Chukotka.
This ancient land seems to breathe eternity itself. The entire appearance of Chukotka is permeated with clarity, directness and nakedness. And in the third millennium, here you can see the same landscape that once appeared to the eyes of Russian pioneers: convincingly simple outlines of coasts and mountains, like straight valleys carved with a chisel, scattered lakes and clear rivers flowing into icy seas.
The tourist will not be indifferent to the hospitality of the original owners of this land - the Chukchi, Eskimos, Evens, Chuvans, their dances and songs, their original art, carefully preserved for centuries... Chukotka is an amazing land that has managed to preserve life and the ability to flourish in harsh polar conditions. During the short northern summer, in permafrost conditions, a miracle occurs here every year - a real riot of nature's revival, captivating people with its unique beauty. The hubbub of bird colonies, the piercing blue of estuaries merging with the sky, the bright colors of the tundra, reminiscent of a colorful carpet...
However, snow-shrouded Chukotka is no less attractive for tourists who are ready to test their courage and perseverance. After all, the white silence seems monotonous only at first glance - life among the snow does not stop for a minute! Do you know how warm it is even in the most severe cold in a yaranga? Have you ever ridden a dog or reindeer sled? Can you imagine how they hunt a walrus and how delicious smelt caught by yourself is? If you want to take a break from civilization in the pristine world of nature, if you are attracted by the unknown and attracted by a thirst for adventure, then a trip to Chukotka will be a real pleasure for you!

(Chukotka), an archaeological complex consisting of two rows of huge bones of bowhead whales dug into the ground.
The complex was opened in 1976 by a group of researchers from the Institute of Ethnography of the USSR Academy of Sciences under the leadership of M. A. Chlenov.
Considered one of the wonders of Russia!

However, until recently no one knew anything about her. There is a unique archaeological complex northeast of Providence Bay, in the Bering Strait, on Yttygran Island. According to scientists, Whale Alley is considered a miracle not only from a scientific but also from an archaeological point of view.

The bay, on the shore of which the monument is located, is surrounded from the northeast and southwest by steep rocky ledges, but between them the hills decrease somewhat and form a relatively gentle slope, covered with various tundra vegetation. Against this green background, groups of whale jaw pillars that seem bright white from a distance stand out clearly, and when approaching the shore above the grassy edge of the beach, the bizarre outlines of whale skulls, embedded in the pebbles with a narrow bow, become visible.

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SOURCE OF INFORMATION AND PHOTO:
Team Nomads
http://www.chukotka.org
http://www.visitchukotka.com
http://www.chukotken.ru/
S. Bolashenko. Narrow gauge railways Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (June 23, 2007).
Golubchikov Yu.N. Geography of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. — Moscow: IPC “Design. Information. Cartography", 2003. - 320 p. — ISBN 5-287-00080-4.
Belikovich A.V., Galanin A.V. Chukotka: natural and economic essay. - Moscow: Art-Liteks, 1995. - P. 98-99.
Committee on Sports and Tourism of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
In Chukotka in 2010, an increase in the number of tourists was recorded // Portal of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
http://www.photosight.ru/
photo authors: A. Kutsky, V. Silantiev, S. Shulga, S. Anisimov,
Tourism in Chukotka is no longer a myth, but a reality // ratanews.ru
Chukotka Autonomous Okrug - article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Official website of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
Legislation of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
S. A. Arutyunov, I. I. Krupnik, M. A. Chlenov. " Whale Alley" Antiquities of the islands of the Senyavin Strait. 1982.
Leontiev V.V., Novikova K.A. Toponymic dictionary of the north-east of the USSR. - Magadan: Magadan Book Publishing House, 1989, p. 161.
A. A. Korobkov. Red Book of Russia (1981).

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