History of the cities of Sicily. Mediterranean passions around Sicily: peoples and history of Sicily. Let's try to remember the most important things in different cities of Sicily

STORY

Sicily is the largest region of Italy and the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea. Its area is 25,426 sq. km, population is 5,100,805 people.
The material traces of the most ancient peoples that we have (cliff dwellings and rock paintings) date back to the beginning of the Stone Age. In the 13th century BC. Sicily was conquered by the Siculi, who gave the island its name. Then - the Phoenicians, Greeks, Romans, barbarians, Byzantines, Arabs, Normans, French, Spaniards...
Sicily is an island of myths and legends come to life. Cyclops and Listrygonians, described by Homer and Virgil, lived here. The stone blocks that the terrible cyclops Polyphemus threw at the ships of Odysseus after their tragic meeting in a cave on the top of Etna are still scattered around south coast islands, and to this day both banks of the Strait of Messina, which connects Sicily with the Apennine Peninsula, are guarded by the monsters Scylla and Charbida, who ruined the lives of many sailors.
Sicily is called the island of the god Helios (Sun).

CLIMATE

This is the sunniest island in the Mediterranean: the number of sunshine hours on average reaches 2500 per year, while in continental Italy there are 2000, and in the south of France 1800. The maximum temperature is recorded in July - August: on average +26 C, the sea warms up to + 25 C and remains warm until mid-November.

PALERMO

Founded by the Phoenicians almost three thousand years ago. The central street of Palermo is Via Vittorio Emanuele. Of undoubted interest are Piazza Vigliena in the very center of the ancient part of the city, the Church of San Giovanni degli Eremiti, the Cathedral, the Norman Palace - where the Sicilian Parliament meets, the Admiral's Church, and the Chiaramonte Palace. Not far from Piazza Vigliena, the sign is Casa Cagliostro, where Giuseppe Balsamo, better known as Count Cagliostro, was born in 1743.
Since 1946 Palermo administrative center Autonomous Region of Sicily, a modern and very active city.

CEFALU

Founded in no place ancient city at the foot of the cliff (the remains of megalithic walls date back to the 5th century BC). Of greatest interest is Cathedral, built in 1130 by the will of the Norman king, who, according to legend, vowed to erect a cathedral if he emerged alive and unharmed from the storm that overtook his ship on the Road to Palermo.

CATANIA

An ancient city that arose in 729 BC. This is a volcano city, built from dark volcanic stone. During its history, Catania was destroyed to the ground six times by Etna, but was always rebuilt from the same basalt.
Now it is a beautiful city with magnificent palaces and cathedrals. The symbol of the city is an elephant. Main attractions: Elephant sculpture with Egyptian obelisk in Duomo Square, Ursino Castle, Duomo, Opera theatre Bellini, Roman Amphitheater - the second largest in Italy after the Roman Colosseum.
Catania is home to the most elegant boutiques not only in Sicily, but throughout Italy. From here you can observe the unique beauty of Etna, which is located 28 km from the city.

SYRACUSE

Founded in 734 BC. immigrants from Greece. They changed hands many times and were under the rule of the Athenians, Romans, Arabs, and Normans. For a long time they were considered the most big city in Sicily and even the most populous in the entire ancient world.
In the archaeological zone of Syracuse, of interest are the Greek theater and the Roman amphitheater (1st century BC), a grotto called the “Ear of Dionysius” (legend says that the Tyrant of Syracuse used its peculiar acoustics and imprisoned his enemies there in order to eavesdrop on their conspiracies) , Catacombs of St. Giovanni, Arethusa Fountain.
In Syracuse there is the Cathedral of Santa Lucia, where those suffering from eye diseases come to pray for recovery. They buy a small mask with eyes and place it in a specially designated area of ​​the cathedral. They say that the saint's mercy does not keep itself waiting...

TAORMINA

One of the most beautiful cities Sicily. The first mention of it dates back to the Bronze Age, when a small group of people settled on the top of Mount Tauro on the Ionian coast of the island. In the 5th century BC. Here the inhabitants of neighboring Naxos, destroyed by Dionysius of Syracuse, find shelter.
Today Taormina is rightfully recognized as the center of Sicilian tourism and is a fashionable resort. Writers and poets, musicians and artists, princes and heads of government, as well as movie and show business stars have chosen Taormina as their holiday destination.
Of interest are the Greek Theater, the Ducal Palace di San Stefano, Palazzo Corvaio, and located on the highest point - powerful medieval castle, offering panoramic views of Calabria, the Ionian coast of Sicily and Mount Etna.

MESSINA

Since ancient times, the city has been called the “gateway” of Sicily. Only 3 km separates it from the coast of Calabria. It was founded in the 8th century. BC. In Greek and Roman times, Messina flourished, so much so that it was, according to Cicero, “a very large and very rich city.” In 1783 and 1908 the city was destroyed by earthquakes. At the beginning of the 20th century, Messina was completely restored. Of interest is the Cathedral Clock Tower, which houses the world's largest and most accurate clock. They consist of a perpetual calendar, an astronomical calendar, and a clock.

AGRIGENTO

Previously Akragas, founded in the 6th century BC. Known for the Valley of the Temples, the Temple of Juno - the patroness of marriage, the Temple of Concord, the Temples of Hercules and Olympian Zeus, as well as the dungeon of purgatory - huge complex underground galleries.

ETNA

The highest (3343 m) active volcano in Europe. In total, there are 135 eruptions of this volcano in history. Lava, ash and black sand - almost lunar landscapes will be found here by a tourist who dares to climb to the top. Etna in Sicily is present in everything: from simple crafts made from solidified lava and a strong drink called “Fire of Etna”, to majestic cathedrals built from the basalt product of a volcanic eruption.

The history of Sicily is full of bright events and unexpected turns. The island has been inhabited since time immemorial, in the 8th century BC. The Phoenicians and ancient Greeks founded their colonies here. For several centuries, bloody wars unfolded in Sicilian lands. Then Sicily was part of the Roman Empire, and after its fall in the 5th century it was successively conquered by the Vandals, Visigoths, Byzantines, Arabs and Normans, the latter founded the Kingdom of Sicily, which lasted from 1130 to the 13th century. Then the Angevins came to power, and after that the Aragonese and Sicily became part of the Spanish kingdom. For some time the island was under the control of the Savoy dynasty and Austria, and at the end of the 18th century the power of the Bourbons was established, who united the Kingdom of Sicily with the Kingdom of Naples and in 1816 the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies was formed.
In 1860, Sicily became part of a united Italy. This became a rather difficult historical moment, which is still actively discussed. Official history presents everything on the positive side, but in reality everyone knows about the “backward” Italian south and the more developed north. Before the unification of Italy, everything was exactly the opposite.
By 1856, the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies ranked third in the world in industrial development, its fleet was the fourth largest in the world.
What else could the south of the peninsula boast of before the unification of Italy? The first metallurgical production in the Apennines was founded here, the first inter-Atlantic liner was built in Sicily.
After the unification of Italy, the economy of Sicily began to decline, as the policy of the newly created country was aimed at developing the north.
History is written by the winners, let it remain on their conscience, but for tourists Sicily represents a unique mixture into which each ruler made his artistic, artistic and gastronomic contribution. What could be more amazing and attractive than traveling, plunging into centuries, traditions, legends and myths!

Most of Sicily is occupied by hills, mountains making up 25% of the total area, and plains accounting for 14%.
There are several volcanoes on the territory of Sicily, the most famous of them are Etna, Stromboli, Vulcano.
Because of triangular shape in ancient times Sicily was called Trinacria.

Main city of Sicily

Western part of Sicily

Northern part of Sicily

Center of Sicily

Caltanisetta

Eastern part of Sicily

Taormina

Acireale

Volcano Etna

Volcano Etna

Cities of the Sicilian Baroque

Southern part of Sicily

Mardzamemi

Sulfur mining in Sicily. A journey through abandoned mines.

One of the most beautiful beaches Sicily - Staircase of the Turks (Scala dei Turchi)

Earthquake in Belic

Salt mining in Sicily (between Trapani and Marsala)

Curious facts about Sicily

Sicilian Baroque

Click on a region to find out more.

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Sicily is largest island Mediterranean, its area is 25,460 square kilometers. Nearby there is a series of smaller islands. To the north are the Aeolian Islands, to the west is Egadi, and to the south is Pantelleria. The coast in the north is mostly rocky, in the south it is sandy. The total length is about a thousand kilometers. The Sicilian landscape is characterized by great diversity - many mountains and hills, in the Catania region there is a plain. The largest mountain in Sicily is Mount Etna. Located on the territory National Park in the eastern part of Sicily. The volcano, 3300m high, is active and the largest in Europe. By north coast, from east to west stretch the Nebrodi and Madonie mountains, the peaks of which reach even 2000 meters. West of the Torto River, low hills predominate. In the east, between Messina and Etna there is another Mountain chain– similar to the mountains of Calabria.
Further south, in the eastern part of the island there are mountains formed from lava, tuff and limestone, as well as deep gorges formed by the flow of water. The center of Sicily is all hilly, heights 500-700 meters, except for the high mountain, almost 1000m, on which the city of Enna is built.
Climate
The climate is Mediterranean, with hot summers and short warm winters. The number of hours of sunshine per year is about 2500, while in mainland Italy there are only 2000, and in the south of France - 1800. Rainfall occurs between October and March. Maximum temperatures are in July and August, the average daily is 26 degrees. In winter – 10-14 degrees. The water temperature ranges from 16 degrees in winter to 27 degrees in summer. Best time for a trip to Sicily, if you do not set the goal only for swimming in the sea - from April to June and from September to November.
The capital of Sicily is the city of Palermo, where the government and parliament are located. The island's population is about 5 million people, with a density of 190 people per 1 square kilometer.
Story
Prehistoric period – 35-5 thousand years BC, late Paleolithic. The Sicilians lived by hunting and gathering. The ancient tribes were called Sicans. The cave paintings in the grottoes of Monte Pellegrino and Levanzo demonstrate the lifestyle of this period. In 1900-1800 BC. groups of Indo-European peoples began to form their own settlements in Sicily, evidence of this is the archaeological complex of Pantalica.
From 1400 BC Settlers from the Aegean islands and Crete arrive in Sicily and establish their own civilization. Later the Elimi, a people from Liguria, arrived and founded Erice and Segesta and the Siculi. The Siculs were excellent horse breeders, knew how to work with copper, and in addition, they had a highly developed agriculture. They also brought the cult of the dead to Sicily.
From 1200 century BC. The Iron Age began on the island. Metal artifacts dating from this period have been found in a number of provinces. Later, the Phoenicians arrived in Sicily and founded settlements - Solunto, Mozia, Palermo. In 753 BC. The Greeks arrive in Sicily and establish the powerful colony of Naxos. From this moment, Sicily becomes part of the Greek colonies and the Greek history of Sicily begins. Greek cities in Sicily - Syracuse, Catania, Gela, Selinunte, Agrigento. The colonies actively developed and turned into rich cities full of culture. In 485 BC, Jelon, the tyrant of Gela, conquered Syracuse, a city that became in the following years one of the most important cities in the Mediterranean.
Dionysius the first (405-367 BC) strengthened the power of Syracuse with his rule. Just like the King of Persia, one of the most mysterious rulers of his time, Dionysius managed to constantly keep his main rival, Carthage, in suspense and compete with him for maritime dominion in the Mediterranean.
Tyrant of Syracuse in 316-289 BC. Agathocles was the first, after Dionysius, who was comparable in strength to his predecessor, also constantly kept the Carthaginians in suspense and did a lot for the flourishing of ancient culture in Sicily. After his death, the city was ruled by weak rulers until the accession of Hiero II (276 BC), a legendary tyrant, who united with Rome, the newborn Italian capital.
In 264 BC. The Mamertini, an Italian people who occupied Messina, in fear of Carthage asked Rome for help, after which the Romans began the First Punic War against Carthage. From this point on, Sicily begins to become Roman, with the exception of Syracuse.
219 – 212 BC - Second Punic War. The Romans conquer Syracuse. The history of Roman Sicily is not particularly eventful, except perhaps for two slave revolts, in 135 and 101 BC. It was a quiet province whose main activity was agriculture. At this time, temples were built in Tindari, Taormina, Catania, Piazza Armerina and others.
440 After AD Barbarians invaded Sicily. Genserico, king of the Vandals, came ashore at Lilibeo, present-day Marsala, and conquered Sicily. After a series of battles, barbarian rule began in 468, lasting until 476 AD. In 535 AD, the Greco-Gothic War began. It was unleashed by order of Justinian, who wished to unite the Western and Eastern Roman empires. The Byzantine era lasted about three centuries in Sicily, this time left a big imprint on the social and cultural life of the island. Byzantine mosaics can be seen in many churches - in Palermo, Cefalu.
In 827, the Arabs landed at Mazar and began a campaign to conquer the island. The company lasted about 100 years and left deep traces in the social, political and cultural life an island that was drawn into Islam after centuries of Christianity. Palermo became the capital beautiful city, built by the Arabs. Traces of Arab influence are still felt in Sicily in many ways - from dialects to cuisine. The Arabs brought to Sicily not only their religion, science and culture, but also agriculture, and began to cultivate many species of plants and trees on the island that had not previously been here.
Arab rule on the island lasted until 1060, when the Normans landed on the island under the leadership of Ruggero di Altavilla. The Normans again began to return the island to the fold of the Christian Church. It took them 31 years to conquer the island. Ruggiero's descendants ruled the island until 1194 and left a memory of themselves as the most peaceful and generous rulers who perfectly integrated into the established culture of the island and enriched it. Under Ruggiero II, all nationalities with their different religions and beliefs felt equal. Everyone could profess the faith that they wanted to profess. The capital remained Palermo, a marvelous city full of palaces and gardens. Street names in Palermo were written in four languages ​​- Arabic, Germanic, Hebrew and Italian. The Normans did not destroy architectural monuments predecessors - the Byzantines, Arabs, they completed their construction, modified and decorated them. An amazing mixture of architecture and styles of the period can be seen in Palermo, Monreale, Cefalu, Messina, Piazza Armerina, Caccamo, Troina, Calascibetta and Favare.
Since 1194, the German (Norman) Sevi family comes to power, their heir, Frederick the Second (crowned in 1208), becomes the most brilliant medieval monarch of Sicily. Federico Secondo, as the Sicilians call him, was a patron of the arts, sciences, and literature. The first Italian poetic school was born here, within the walls of the Norman palace. Monuments of this era can be found in Syracuse, Catania, Salemi, Agrigento.
In 1270, after the death of Frederick the Second, a war broke out with the Angevins. The Pope, who did not recognize the rule of the Sueves and Frederick the Second, after the death of the latter, decided to hand over the reins of government to Charles of Anjou. During long wars, Charles transfers the throne to Naples and bad times come for Sicily.
In 1282, the famous Sicilian Supper took place - an uprising of the Sicilians against French rule. The Sicilians were dissatisfied with the transfer of the capital from Palermo to Naples, as well as with the fact that the Sicilian lands, along with the peasants, were taken by the French feudal lords. The Angevin dynasty was liquidated; during the war, the Sicilians turned for help to the Aragonese dynasty, which from that moment began to rule in Sicily.
Spaniards, 1409 With the disappearance of the Aragon family, relations with Sicily became more and more strained. But the marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile laid the foundation for a powerful Spanish state, of which Sicily was now a part. Sicily remained part of the Spanish crown for about 300 years.
Savoy and the Austrians. According to the Treaty of Utrecht, Sicily came under the control of Vittorio Amedeo II of Savoy. The family from Piedmont will retain power over Sicily for only 5 years. In 1718, the Spaniards began a reconquista campaign, but were blocked by the Austrians. Charles of Austria becomes the new king of Sicily in 1720.
Bourbons - 1734. During the Battle of Bitonio between the Bourbons and the Austrians, Sicily again came under the rule of the Spaniards. Charles of Bourbon, son of the King of Spain, becomes King of Sicily in 1735. The Bourbons have ruled the island for 125 years. Monuments from this era can be found in Palermo, Noto, Avola, Ragusa, Modica, Catania, Syracuse and Trapani.
Kingdom of Italy, 1860. As a result of the capture of Italy and Sicily by Garibaldi, Sicily becomes part of Italy.
In 1946, after the end of the Second World War, Sicily became an autonomous Italian republic. In 1947, the new Sicilian parliament begins to meet in the same building where the Normans met 8 centuries ago.

Sicily– a green lush in the Mediterranean, characterized by diverse landscapes, as well as a cosmopolitan island and historical Center various revolutions. This is the southernmost and most remote part of the Peninsula. Sicily separated from the mainland by the Strait of Messina and washed by the Ionian, Tyrrhenian and Mediterranean Seas.

One of paradises the south of Italy, which beckons to explore, explore and simply follow countless routes that satisfy all tastes. It seems that nature is the main wealth of the island. Mountains, hills and, of course, the sea, which with its wonderful color, perfectly clear water and endless beauty of the depths is incomparable to any other sea. Particularly attractive are archaeological finds, telling about the origin of Trinacria (the ancient name of Sicily), and various monuments that have come down to us through the centuries.

In ancient times, the island was part of the rest of Italy and was separated from it due to rising sea levels. This is evidenced by the Peloritani mountains, consisting of the same rocks as the other mountains that skirt the Strait of Messina. The shores of the island are covered with steep cliffs and sandy beaches with numerous bays with crystal clear water.

Its location on three main platforms - Ionian, African and Tyrrhenian - made it the center of the ancient world, as if another greek island, and the frontal zone at the borders of the Arab-Islamic world, which, by the way, left its indelible mark on the cities and culture of the island.

Provinces of Sicily: Palermo (capital), Agrigento, Catania, Caltanisetta, Enna, Messina, Ragusa, Syracuse and Trapani.

Sicily Since Paleolithic times it has looked attractive from the point of view of its strategic position. After the Sicans of Iberia, the Elims of Libya and the Siculi from the continent with 735 BC existed here Greek colonies. IN 265 BC appeared in Messina Romans. Under their rule Sicily divided into provinces and became the breadbasket of the Empire. After the Gothic-Byzantine war in 552 AD. and until the 9th century. the island became part of the Eastern Roman Empire as a peripheral province.

WITH 827 began Arab conquest Sicily: from Mazara del Vallo to Taormina. From this moment it began Golden time islands, because Palermo became the capital of the Emirate of Kalibi. In the territory of Val di Noto and Val Demone, however, the Greco-Latin civilization remained.

WITH 1061 Sicily captured by the Normans: Ruggero D'Altavilla became king of Apulia, Calabria and Sicily. During the period of the Norman conquests Sicily reached its peak. IN new organization Islamic culture entered the islands. Al Idrisi, an Islamic geographer and traveler, settled in Palermo at the court of Ruggero II, in his notes speaks of magical Sicily, a crossroads of cultural exchange: “the island of Sicily is the pearl of its time, sparkling with beauty and abundance […]. All travelers and traders from all corners of the world admire its magnificence [...].

Under the rule of Zvev, this was the cradle of the empire of Federico II, who established a court in Palermo and made the city literary and scientific center: It was during this period that the Sicilian school of poetry was born and an attempt was made to create a literary language - a mixture of folk Latin and torn. With the arrival of the Angevin, the French rulers, the people in Palermo raised an unusual revolt of the "Sicilian evenings", but, in the end, they had to surrender to new invaders - the Aragonese, the Spaniards and the enemies of the Angevin.

IN 1415 the spaniards made the island viceroyalty. It is impossible not to mention the Treaty of Utrecht 1713 d, since at this time Spanish rule ended and the Savoys came to power. Ferdinand IV of Bourbon, King of Naples, in 1812 g united the two Sicilies and abolished feudal privileges. After the revolution in 1848 The Bourbons lost power and were finally defeated by Garibaldi's troops in 1860 .

Various conquerors succeeded each other in Sicily until its annexation to the Kingdom of Italy in the 19th century. After all the conquests, due to a terrible economic crisis, mass emigration of people to America began.

IN 1948 Sicily was declared autonomous region of Italy, being in a state of social and economic crisis.

Sicily - nature

The island's delightful cities are rich in history and traditions that have passed through the centuries: quaint Sicilian baroque against the backdrop of Easter processions and holidays in honor of saints, Sicilian carriages and puppet theater brought from Spain in the 18th and 19th centuries. – all this is worth seeing while traveling around the island.

Everything rises majestically Etna– the most high point Italy and an active volcano. He is also called the forge of the volcano, the god of fire, the blacksmith of the gods; other legends say that here is the grave of the philosopher Empedocles, who committed suicide by throwing himself into the crater, or that it contains the soul of the English Queen Elizabeth, who made a deal with the devil during her reign. Saint Agatha, the patron saint of Catania, once miraculously protected people from an eruption, and to this day residents call on her, asking for shelter from fire and lightning.

Around the island, like satellites, is the Aeolian, or Aeolian archipelago, which includes seven large volcanic islands: Salina, Lipari, Alicudi, Filicudi, Panarea and Stromboli, the only one for many years active volcano; to the west of Trapani are the Egadi Islands (Levanzo, Favignana and Marettimo), which were once part of Sicily. The history of the Aeolian Islands is inextricably linked with volcanoes, artists and sculptors who created this natural masterpiece, where you can plunge into the transparent depths of the sea, look into coastal caves, sunbathe on small beaches washed by pure water, before enjoying excellent cuisine, naturally based on fish dishes. In the South is the island of Pantelleria, also volcanic, another pearl that attracts tourists with the unearthly beauty of its nature. And finally, the Pelagian archipelago, which includes Linosa and Lampedusa, geographically related to Africa.

Sicily remains a fascinating island: not easy to get to, but once you visit, you will never forget it.

What to see in Sicily

Sicily has many places to visit related to nature, history and tradition.

Among the special attractions are two active volcanoes, Stromboli and Etna, the largest active volcano in Europe. Etna is located in the eastern part of the island and should not be missed if traveling through this land. Spectacular eruptions over time have made the landscape in the area truly unique in the world.

Those interested in landscapes should choose protected areas the parks of Etna, Madonie or Nebrodi, the volcanic paradise of Pantelleria, rich in captivating views, such as the “Pertusa di Notaro” (a grotto with the purest air) and local bungalows built from volcanic stones.

Beauvais Valley with natural walls up to 1000 m high,

Ice cave with the only perpetual glacier preserved at this latitude,

Gole Alcantara, a dense network of canals crossing the river of the same name is only a small fraction of all natural wonders Sicily.

Valley of the Temples in Agrigento. Another treasure of humanity on the UNESCO list is the archaeological zone near Argigento, one of the greatest cities of Magna Graecia. Immersed in the greenery of olive, almond, citrus and grapevine trees, stretching all the way to the sea, the Valley of the Temples is hidden. With its monuments it recalls the unreal atmosphere that reigned here 2500 years ago, when the ancient Acagras Agrigentum was a political and cultural center.

Syracuse and UNESCO sites

In the southeast of Sicily is Syracuse, another UNESCO heritage site (2005, together with the Pantaliki necropolis). This ancient Greek colony overlooks a natural port, overlapped to the east by the island of Ortygia, an even more ancient urban centre. In the city, at every step you encounter archaeological evidence of Magna Graecia. Syracuse and the Aeolian Islands are home to two more UNESCO sites not to be missed: the eight late-Baroque towns of Val di Noto and the Roman villa of Casale.

Taormina. << Если тот, кому предстоит провести на Сицилии всего один день, спросит: «Что я смогу посмотреть?» я не раздумывая отвечу: «Таормину». Это лишь природа, но такая, что способна запросто завладеть вашим взором, разумом, фантазией.>> this is how the famous French writer Guy de Maupassant describes Taormina. A few words that encapsulate the essence of this diamond between Messina and Catania.

Things to do in Sicily

The undisputed ruler of these lands is the sea, which reveals to you the rich potential of beaches and waves that are tempting to play windsurfing or kitesurfing. Yes, because the power of the sea, combined with the power of the wind, allows you to rush, even almost fly, over the surface of the clear waters caressing the coasts of Cape San Vito, Mondello, Cefalu, Marina di Ragusa, Taormina, the Aeolian Islands, Pantelleria, Lampedusa, Ustica.

Hiking, horses, motorcycles and golf. Hiking enthusiasts should definitely take a stroll through the picturesque natural parks Sicily. Those who do not like to walk will enjoy horseback riding or motorcycle riding. Last time Sicily began to attract golf lovers. New courses are being built and an Open tournament is held annually.

Baths. Italy has always been famous for its thermal springs - a unique form of natural therapy. Land of water and volcanoes, Sicily offers a wide selection of thermal resources with various services, including cosmetic ones. The most famous are the Baths of Calogero, caves in which steam maintains a temperature of about 40°, and the Baths of Acireale, in which sea water is mixed with sulfur-rich water from Etna.

Literary places

For lovers of cultural tourism Sicily offers a journey through history, art and culture. Writers such as Salvatore Quasimodo, Giovanni Verga, Luigi Pirandello, Leonardo Sciascia, Tomasi Lapedusa were inspired by the local atmosphere and climate. They were inspired to write such masterpieces as “Ocelot” or “Sloth.”

The atmosphere has not changed over the years, and today you can travel to the places described in the novels to relive the impressions received by the authors who wrote their works here.

Sicilian Magna Graecia. Those who want to plunge into the past should visit the temples of Selinunte and Syracuse, Agrigento and Imera, the Greco-Roman theater of Taormina and the cathedrals of the Norman era. Especially in Palermo (the Church of Martorana, St. Giovanni the Hermit in San Cataldo).

Those interested in tradition should definitely see the Sicilian puppet theater, which shows plays by Orlando Furioso.

Holidays in Sicily

A rich choice awaits those who love holidays and cultural events.

Every year, Taormina hosts many events, the most famous of which is the film festival, where the best new works are selected.

The vital passion of the Sicilians leaves an imprint on the celebration of Carnival - the most important and noisy event of the year. The carnival in Acireale is called the best in Sicily for the originality of decoration of fake papier-mâché floats with flowers and ribbons, accompanied by a crowd of colorful masks.

There are also numerous holidays dedicated to the Patron Saints of Sicily (a mixture of faith, folklore and tradition), indicating the deep religiosity of the Sicilians. The Day of Saint Rosalia in Palermo and the Day of Saint Agatha in Catania are just a couple of the huge number of holidays celebrated every year throughout the territory.

What to try in Sicily

The abundance of warmth from the land is reflected in Sicilian cuisine, which speaks of the passion and care of the people who serve these delicious dishes. Snacks like rice zrazas or cazzilli (delicious potato balls) or Catania pancakes will whet your appetite. Pay attention to the first courses.

Many dishes contain eggplant (caponata, pasta with Parmesan). Lots of fish dishes, from Trapanese couscous to sardines. Enjoy the taste of the local tuna, swordfish, hake and shark. The most interesting meat dishes will be badduzze (meatballs) and cooked warbler (poultry).

Don't miss the famous Sicilian sweets made with ricotta and almond paste, especially the Christmas sweets.

Worthy of attention are the products of the DOP and IGT brands, which place Sicily in first place among countries Mediterranean Sea, famous for export food products.

Extra virgin olive oil, juicy blood oranges, sweet Canicatti grapes, Paquino tomatoes, Pantelleria capers, Indian figs and Nocellara Belice olives. These are the products for which it is famous Sicily.

Let’s not forget about cheeses: Ragusano, Pecorino, as well as cold meats such as salami from Sant’Angelo, and, finally, wonderful pastries like panotta, a round loaf from Dittaino.

In addition to this, excellent Sicilian wines with a tart and seasoned taste await you. Choose from Marsala, Trapani, Belice or Vittoria.

Sicily is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea and at the same time an important part of Italy. Located near the “toe” Italian boot", He It is washed by three seas at once - the Mediterranean, Tyrrhenian and Ionian.

The ancient tribes that inhabited the island thousands of years ago called themselves Sicani, and their place of residence, respectively, Sikania. Later, the name underwent a slight change, and the island began to be called Sikela (Sicily), retaining this name to this day.

Location and geography

The island is located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea. Approximately the same distance separates it from both the Suez Canal and the Strait of Gibraltar. Sicily is separated from the Italian peninsula by the Strait of Messina, the width of which at its narrowest part is approximately 3 km. And you can get to the island by ferry in about 20 minutes.

The direct distance to the coast of Africa is 140 km. And the total length coastline islands (including adjacent islets) is 1500 km. By and large, Sicily can be classified as a mountainous country. Its only sufficiently large plain is in the province of Catania. The terrain is most rocky in the north; to the south it becomes sandy and hilly.

In the eastern part of the island is the highest of active volcanoes Europe - the mysterious Etna. The volcano itself and the adjacent area of ​​1250 square meters are under state protection as a nature reserve.

Weather on the island

The climate in Sicily is typically Mediterranean, i.e. soft enough. In summer it can be moderately hot, and in winter, by the way, it is quite short, the onset of sub-zero temperatures would be anomalous phenomenon. The bulk of precipitation falls from October to March.

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Among Italian resorts, Sicily has the largest number of sunny days per year (up to 2,500 hours of sunshine per year). There are even more of them than in any other Mediterranean resort in Europe. Optimal temperature sea ​​water– this is exactly what allows you to significantly extend the holiday season on the island. After all, even in winter the water temperature does not drop below +16°C, and in summer it even reaches +27°C. Those. You can safely swim in the Sicilian resort from May to November.

Vegetation

On hills and small plains in central and southern provinces fruit crops predominate. Among them are mainly citrus fruits such as orange, lemon and tangerine. Vineyards, olive orchards, pomegranate, almond and fig trees are also numerous.

In mountainous areas, chestnuts, beeches, tamarisk grow, and cork oak is found. Coniferous trees, on the other hand, are quite rare. Most of the mountainous slopes are covered with shrubs of lavender, rosemary, pistachio, oleander and dwarf palm.

Since wild forests have been cut down for centuries, today you can enjoy the corners wildlife possible only in special state reserves. Such legally protected areas of wild forest are located around Mount Etna and on the coast in the provinces of Agrigento, Messina and some others.

Population, economy, administrative division

Sicily is the largest of the entire Mediterranean Sea, not only in area, but also in population. The total population is approaching 5 million inhabitants, and the area is 25,460 square kilometers.

Sicily is an autonomous region of Italy, with its own coat of arms, flag and parliament. Palermo is the capital of the island. The entire island is divided into nine provinces: Palermo, Caltanissetta, Catania, Messina, Agrigento, Ragusa, Enna, Siracusa, .

The island's main source of income is tourism and agriculture. Recently, authorities have begun to pay closer attention to eco-tourism. Wine and gastronomic tours are actively developing.

History of the island

The history of this ancient island began in the Paleolithic era. It was then that the first buildings appeared, as evidenced by finds during archaeological excavations in the caves of Levanzo and Pellegrino.

The most famous archaeological site is in the form of tombs carved into the rock. It is called the Pantalika necropolis and dates back to the 13th century BC. In addition, the necropolis is on the list world heritage UNESCO.

Starting from the 8th century BC, colonies appeared in Sicily, founded by the Greeks and settlers from Carthage. The oldest of the Greek colonies were discovered in the eastern part of the island, right at the foot of the volcano. Later it was the Greeks who founded Messina and Syracuse. Remnants of Greek civilization can still be seen throughout the island in the form of destroyed cities, temples and just roads.

In 241 BC. Sicily becomes one of the provinces of Rome, and continues to be so until 440 BC. The era of the early Middle Ages was marked for the island by alternate oppression of the Vandals, the Byzantine Empire, and the Arabs. In the 11th century AD the island was captured by the Normans, and in the 12th century the kings of the Angevin dynasty seized power. A century later, the Aragonese dynasty ruled in Sicily.

Closer to our time, rule of the island passed from Austria to Napoleon, and from him to the Habsburg kings. A popular uprising in 1861 led by Rid the island of the Bourbons. This allowed Sicily to become part of the Italian kingdom.

In 1947, Sicily becomes an autonomous part of Italy. What distinguishes it from other regions is the presence of its own parliament.

Holidays

Holidays on the island do not end all year. These could be fairs or carnivals, or festivals, or even religious processions. Each city has its own patron, to whom the street processions are mainly dedicated.

In the summer (August 15), Sicily celebrates the universal Italian holiday- Ferragosto. Annual Film Festival and summer season cinema, theater and music take place in July in Taormina. On July 10-16, the feast of Saint Rosalia is celebrated in Palermo, and on August 13-14, a procession of giant dolls Mata and Griffin (according to legend, the founders of the city) takes place in Messina.

In autumn, the entire island celebrates the Harvest Festival.

Common winter holidays are Christmas and Epiphany. In February, the Almond Blossom Festival is celebrated in Agrigento. On February 3-5, all of Catania honors Saint Agatha. On the eve of Lent, a carnival takes place in Acireale. At this time, huge carts, the height of which reaches 12 meters, move along the narrow streets of the ancient city. Each cart presents some picture of Sicilian life.

In spring, Sicily celebrates Easter week. On April 25, Ragusa celebrates the Feast of Saint Ragusa. The first Sunday in May is the day of Saint Lucia, patroness of Syracuse. The third Sunday in May in Noto is the Flower Festival. On this day, the main street of the city (122 meters long, 6 meters wide) is decorated with flowers. The end of May in Cefalu is the Festival of Merry Inventors.

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Rest

The coast of Sicily is simply strewn with excellent resorts. Everyone will be able to choose something for themselves. It combines the best beaches of the Mediterranean and local attractions, which are located quite close.

For example, in the province of Agrigento you can enjoy the beautiful sandy beaches and unspoilt nature of the islands of Linosa, Lampione and Lampedusa. The Schiaccia resort will offer you a holiday on thermal waters. Lampedusa is considered to be the most popular of the islands in the province of Agrigento. On it you can either simply go fishing, go diving or ride a scooter. An unforgettable sight awaits you on Rabbit Beach - snow-white sand and clear turquoise water. And by renting a canoe, you can see caves with large sea turtles.

Tourists associate Syracuse with beautiful nature, varied recreation and modern service. This is where diving enthusiasts strive to get. They are beckoned Rocky shores With deep caves and the diversity of the underwater world. For those who prefer to relax above the water, the resorts of Syracuse are ready to offer, protected from the wind, sandy beaches With beautiful views to the ancient fortress.

You can see the provincial life of Sicily and relax on the coast of Catania. Spacious beaches provide privacy and a calm atmosphere. If you get bored of lying on the beach, you can watch the locals fishing or visit a bird sanctuary.

For those who simply crave movement, it would be best to go to Palermo. Best resort this province is Mondello. On weekends and holidays, in addition to foreigners, Sicilians themselves come here. After all best markets, restaurants and bars are located here.

Taormina is rightfully considered the best resort in all of Sicily. This city is located near Messina. And here you can try everything. Both classic beach holidays and activities water sports, and a wide variety of SPA salons, as well as a large selection of excursion programs. Thanks to such diversity and excellent service, you can even meet Hollywood stars here.

Attractions

Volcano Etna

Capital province of the same name – Messina was founded by Greek settlers. The main attraction of the city is the oldest cathedral in Sicily - Duma Cathedral. The structure dates back to the 12th century and is designed in the Norman style. At the bell tower Cathedral Square can see astronomical clock. Made in the 18th century, today they are considered the largest in the world.

Provincial capital Catania was founded by the Greeks in 729 BC. There are ruins in the city Roman theater. It will also be interesting to see St Agatha's Cathedral, dating from the 11th century, Ursino Castle, dating from the 13th, and Biscari Palace, as an example of Sicilian Baroque.

Syracuse

Syracuse were founded by the Corinthians in 734 BC. Since then, the city has preserved many historical monuments. It is also the largest in Sicily Greek theater, And Roman amphitheater, And altar of Hieron, and many others. Also of interest is a large castle from the period of antiquity - Euryal, dating back to four hundred years BC.

No less interesting monuments eras, antiquity and the Middle Ages are preserved in the cities of the provinces of Caltanissetta and Ragusa.

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Sicilian cuisine

Sicily is practically perfect place recreation and for lovers beach holiday and for fans to study ancient monuments. But at the same time, we should not forget about another important attraction of the island – Sicilian cuisine. Many different Sicilian dishes are traditionally Italian. Among them, of course, are pizza, pasta, as well as various fish and cheese dishes.

Like all traditions and culture in this place, it learned a little from every people who ever lived on these lands. From the Arabs, for example, came the love for saffron and rice, from the Greeks - to fresh fruits and vegetables, from the Romans - to pasta. Borrowed dishes include couscous, traditional for the province. This dish clearly has Arabic roots. In the province of Ragusa, various meat dishes are more popular. The most famous is “falsomagro” - a roll stuffed with eggs, ham, meat and cheese, boiled in wine and tomato sauce.

In some Sicilian provinces, meat dishes are even more consumed than on the mainland. They especially love local residents rabbit and pork dishes. Shish kebab made from young goat and lamb is popular almost everywhere. And absolutely all meat dishes are prepared with big amount spices

Seafood

And yet, despite the widespread use of meat in cooking, Sicily is still an island. Here, around almost every corner you can find an establishment serving fish and other seafood. The richness and variety of fish and seafood dishes is simply amazing. Squid and cuttlefish, cod and mackerel, swordfish and mullet, lobsters and much more. Even traditional Sicilian pasta is served with sardines. The pasta itself is made from durum wheat grown here.

As throughout Italy, it is customary to use local products when preparing dishes. Such as olives and olive oil, lemons and, well, a lot of spices and seasonings. By the way, olive oil from Sicily is considered one of the best in the world.

Gelato

Confectionery (gelato) also occupies a special place among the culinary delights of Sicily. Anyone who comes to Sicily on vacation simply must pamper themselves a little with some delicacy. Undoubtedly, the king of Sicilian desserts is ice cream. This culinary attraction is especially loved by tourists from all over the world.

Hundreds of varieties of delicious cold delicacies. Pure creamy taste or with a variety of additives, sweet sorbet with chocolate or pieces of fresh fruit. Or maybe you like a bite with a croissant. Whatever you choose, in any case, incomparable pleasure is guaranteed. It is worth paying attention to fruit ice cream with the addition of almonds, jasmine, pistachios, watermelon or cinnamon.

Guilt

Sicily leads Italy in wine production. Tasting this national product will also leave you with the most pleasant impressions.

You should definitely try the famous Sicilian Marsala - this tart red wine tastes like port. However, it is used as an aperitif and as an additive in the preparation of confectionery products. Other varieties of Sicilian wines are no less famous throughout the world. Among them are Cerrasuolo di Vittoria DOCG, Moscato IGP, Nero d’Avola and Alcamo DOC.

By the way, Sicily is on the list of the 10 most beautiful places in the world, recommended for mandatory visits by tourists. And if you still haven’t visited this hospitable island, then be sure to include this trip in your immediate plans.

Before your trip, you will need mine on the western part of the island.