Architectural monuments. Outline of the lesson “The ancient city is a wonderful city Presentation of a wonderful city architectural monuments improvisation
LESSON 11
Heritage of ancestors - architectural monuments
Tasks:
· educational - to cultivate in students the ability of emotional responsiveness to the beautiful things in life, respect for products created by human hands;
· artistic and creative – to form an idea of architecture as a special form fine arts, show the role of architecture in human life;
· educational – to develop skills in working with various materials; develop associative-figurative thinking, creative imagination.
Lesson progress
1. Updating knowledge
It’s so good that we are all here together today. We are calm and kind, friendly and affectionate. We are all healthy. Take a deep breath and exhale. Exhale yesterday's resentment, anger, anxiety. Forget about them. Inspire yourself with the freshness and beauty of white snow, clear skies, warmth of the sun's rays. I wish you a good mood and careful attitude towards each other.
Today we have an unusual lesson. Unusual because... However, you will find out everything yourself.
2. Setting a learning task
a) You already know what artists do to make our home warm, comfortable, and cozy. And today we go outside. Why do you think? /children's versions/.
b) Try to guess what we will talk about in today’s lesson by listening to an excerpt from a poem by V.V. Mayakovsky “Who to be” /read by student/
I would go build a house -
let them teach me.
I'll draw first
the house is the way I want it.
The most important,
to be drawn
nice building
as if alive.
This will be before -
called façade.
This
everyone will understand:
this is a bath
this is a garden.
The plan is ready
and around
one hundred works
for a thousand hands...
Nice house
huge house
on all four sides,
comfortable and spacious.
and the guys will live in it
So who guessed what we will talk about in class? /children's version/
Or more precisely, about architecture. After all, construction and architecture are inextricably linked.
3. Announcing the topic of the lesson
So, the theme of the 2nd quarter is Art on the streets of your village (city).
Lesson topic: Heritage of ancestors - architectural monuments. /write in notebooks/.
4. Introductory conversation
Architecture surrounds a person everywhere and throughout his life: it is a home, a place of work, and a place of rest. This is the environment in which a person exists, an environment created by man himself. Architect. Architecture. We often hear these words. Where did they come to us from?
What do you think the word architecture means? /children's versions/.
Let's turn to the page of S. Ozhegov's dictionary and find the meaning of this word. /children are looking for the answer/.
What do you call a person who practices architecture? /architect/. Listen to a poem about an architect /student reads, slide 2 “Architect” appears/
ARCHITECT.
An architect builds a house
Multi-storey house
Builds a house with a pencil
On a piece of paper.
I need to draw everything
Stairs and doors.
Calculate, check,
May it stand for many years
So that there is light in the apartment,
Baths, washbasins
For big and small.
(G. Lyushnin)
Architecture is the art of building.
So let's summarize our answers. In ancient Greek, the word “archi” meant “elder”, “tekt” - “builder”. From these words the word “architect” appeared - the head of construction work. The ancients remade it into “architect”.
Slide 3:
“archi” (senior) + “tekt” (builder) = “architekton” = “architect”
Buildings erected according to the plans of an architect began to be called architecture.
IN Ancient Rus' architects were called architects, and architecture was called architecture
Slide 4:
architecture (architecture) is the art of building,
architect (architect) - chief builder /write in notebooks/
But there is a difference between construction and architecture. Which one do you think? /children's versions/.The role of construction is to build structures. Builders only follow the instructions of the architect. Architecture, in addition to being useful to a person, satisfies the needs and requirements of a person, must also be beautiful. The architect must take into account everything to make it convenient for people to use the building, even the forces of nature. If earthquakes occur where the house will stand, the architect should position it so that a nearby collapsed building will not damage it.
Do you think we need architecture? /children's versions/.
Architecture and construction art came to us from afar. Where did primitive man live? /5 slide: in a cave/. This is a building made by nature itself.
When the climate began to change, it became cold, people began to build artificial residential structures from bones, skulls, and mammoth skins. / 6 slide: dwelling made of mammoth bones /
Megaliths - huge stones of varying heights - reach a high level of development. /7 slide: megaliths/ They were used for religious ceremonies and rituals. Some served for astronomical observations and marked the burial site.
All this was created by our ancestors. We need to take care of these historical architectural buildings in order to know how people lived before, to know the culture of the people. This memory is necessary to build the future.
Let's mentally take a look at our village, city, country. What do you think can be classified as architecture? /children's versions/
Your answers can be distributed as follows:
/ Slide 8: types of architecture/
Architecture
housing construction - houses
public buildings – temple, theater, stadium
industrial construction – factories, factories, shops, train station
decorative architecture – gazebos, fountains, bridges
Now we will take a tour around the world and find out what attractions, architectural monuments exist in various countries.
/slides 9-29/
/masterpieces of instrumental music sound in the background /
10. Egyptian pyramids. Severe, strict, like guards they stand along the Nile River. Architects in Ancient Egypt occupied a special place, their work was considered a sacred act.
11. Greek Parthenon- the main temple of the Acropolis. Inside it stood a 12-meter statue of Athena. Temples in Greece are the homes of the gods. People almost didn’t go inside the temple. All religious rituals were performed in front of the temple. Therefore, very great importance was attached to appearance.
12 . Majestic, with many openwork decorations Notre Dame Cathedral rises in France.
13. Cologne Cathedral. Who does he remind you of? /elegant, slender girl/. Indeed, such temples are characterized by their pointed appearance and upward striving.
14. Taj Mahal was built as a mausoleum, tomb. Now it is an open-air museum.
15. Japanese templesotherwise called a pagoda. What does it remind you of (an elegant, light tower)? This is the culture of Japan. Thanks to such monuments, we learn the history, culture, and customs of the people.
16. Sydney opera house refers to modern architecture.
17. Familiar to you from lessons English language Big Ben.
18. America famous for its high-rise buildings and skyscrapers.
19. And Paris is famous Eiffel Tower, which is so called because it was created by the famous architect Eiffel.
20 . What can you say about Russian churches? /they look like heroes/. The Cathedral of Christ the Savior, located in Moscow, was built with money raised by the people in memory of those who died in the Patriotic War with the French in 1812.
21. When we say Russia, we represent Moscow. When we say Moscow, we imagine the Kremlin, which was built by foreigners, but in the Russian spirit.
22. St. Basil's Cathedralresembles a teremok. The multicolored domes, like his large number symbolize the multinationality of our state.
23. Kizhi. They say that this temple was built without a single nail. The architect who built it, after finishing the work, threw the ax into the lake so that no one else could repeat such beauty.
24 -25. The unusual beauty of famous architects - Gaudi and Corbusier.
24. Antoni Gaudi- Spanish (Catalan) architect, most of whose bizarre and fantastic works were erected in Barcelona.
25. Le Corbusier - French architect of Swiss origin, pioneer of modernism, representative of international style architecture, artist and designer.
26. Parks. In the last century, many architects were of the opinion that in the future every house would be surrounded by a garden. But modern man can't afford it. Therefore, green corners began to be created in city parks, gardens – favorite place rest of people.
27 . What architectural monument is in Vladimir? (Golden Gate)
Where do you think an architect gets his ideas? /from nature/
From nature, of course! Look how perfect nature’s creations are. Here are the eggshells. How wisely it is designed! A bird embryo develops in it. Does the fetus need to breathe? And the shell allows air to pass through. In addition, it regulates the temperature so that the embryo grows pleasantly. When the birthday comes, the chick easily gets out into the white light, because the shell is very thin. But before the chick has a beak, it is unable to break the shell - it consists of seven layers!
Take another look at the Sydney Opera House. /28 slide “Sydney Opera House”/ What is it like? Why did the architect come up with it this way? /sail, because there is a body of water nearby/
And how cleverly nature has created the spruce! The tree reaches a height of 20 meters. And yet it is sustainable. The special arrangement of the branches contributes to this. Architects have learned a lot from nature. The architect (his name has not survived to this day) used the idea when creating the Temple of the Ascension in the village of Kolomenskoye./slide 29 “Temple in the village. Kolomenskoye"+ fig. ate/
Architecture, like a mirror, reflects the history of the people and embodies the achievements of culture and art. Perhaps only architecture is directly connected with people, because we come into contact with it every minute.
Our homes, theaters, libraries, shops are also architectural monuments. Maybe they are not of artistic value, but they are always interesting from the point of view of the history and culture of the people.
I would like to remind you once again of the need to protect these historical architectural monuments, not to desecrate them, not to destroy them, not to spoil them. Only by knowing the past can we build the future.
4. Physical exercise
5. Practical part
6. Reflective activity
What did you find most interesting in today's lesson? Maybe you found out something you didn't know before?
What did we end up with? What can you say about your work?
What brought you joy and pleasure during the lesson?
Or maybe something upset you?
How are you feeling after today's class?
So what seemed unusual to you in today's lesson?
7. Generalization, lesson summary, exhibition of works, homework
Architecture is often called “stone symphony”, “music in stone”, “frozen music”. The architecture sounds majestic and solemn, glorifying craftsmanship and intelligence. Love hometown, your village is a unique architectural ensemble.
Love architecture at least because it is not closed, like other arts, behind the thick walls of museums and libraries. She alone sounds imperiously, chanting with her stone tongue a person’s talent, his achievements, his impulses.
Facades of old buildings.
Someday they will invent a device:
Directing the beam at any building -
To a mansion, to a fortress, to a cathedral, -
We will see the past before us.
We paint the wall layer by layer
Let's start scrolling so we can open
Sprinkled with ashes and ash
Empire forgotten pages.
We are the unknown masons' faces
We'll see among the scaffolding -
And let’s not forget to bow from the waist.
Hiding everything that was reflected in her,
It's like an unplugged TV.
Wall-mute plane made of stones
And without answering anyone's call,
V.Shefner
8. Homework - find beautiful images of unusual architectural structures in books, textbooks, encyclopedias and bring them to the next lesson.
Thanks everyone for your work!
"Russian Strongholds"
Since ancient times, Russian people have settled on the forest-rich shores of lakes and rivers. The forest thickets gave him shelter and shelter, food and material for buildings. Huts and barns were cut from the forest, churches and cathedrals were erected, cities, gorodtsy (small towns), and kremlins were built.
How do you understand the word KREMLIN? How can you call it something else? ( fortress). What does fortress mean? ( from the word strong).
Chronicles say that already in the 9th century, at the very dawn of Russian statehood, fortified cities were built: Novgorod, Rostov the Great, Kyiv, etc. ( PRESENTATION cl 2 - 4)
What are the similarities between these walled cities?
The heroic image of the fortress - guards, fences - took root in architecture and became one of the most characteristic and striking features of ancient architecture.
Who do the silhouettes of many wooden churches and belfries remind us of? ( epic heroes standing as an outpost on the Russian borders) (PRESENTATION level 5)
Is it possible to see now a real fortress or the Kremlin? Where?
The word "Kremlin" came into use under Prince Ivan Kalita in the 14th century, when the Moscow fortress was Borovitsky Hill surrounded by powerful archers, the predecessors of the current Kremlin towers. ( PRESENTATION level 6). The Moscow Kremlin is beautiful; its main feature is the passage archer above the main entrance gate. ( PRESENTATION level 7)
The best craftsmen from all over Rus' - from Moscow, Suzdal, Tver, Rostov, Pskov, Vladimir - built the main tower of the Kremlin and the entire Kremlin with the buildings inside it. Its current appearance has evolved over centuries. It reflected the highest level of Russian architecture and embodied truly folk ideas about beauty.
And in other great cities, fortresses have been preserved as architectural monuments. ( PRESENTATION level 8 - 12).
The history of Russia preserves the memory of great battles near the walls of Russian cities. In ancient times, Rus' suffered a lot from the raids of nomadic tribes, and later from the invasion of hordes of enemies from both the south and the west, who burned villages, robbed and captured people. Cities burned, the earth groaned. People and great artistic treasures created in those days perished irrevocably. There was no harmony in those distant centuries among the princes either. Then they said: “In Rostov land there is a prince in every village.” Each prince stood up for himself, often brother went to war against brother in order to ruin neighboring principalities. However, the Russian people were steadfast, tempering themselves in endless battles for the freedom of their land and erecting defensive structures. In troubles, the spirit of the Russian people grew stronger, their love for the Fatherland grew. On the devastated lands in different places In ancient Rus', numerous fortresses rose from the ruins again and again and monasteries were founded. These powerful fortifications protected the possessions of the motherland, spiritualized the Russian people, and protected the treasures of Russian culture.
The fortifications that have survived to this day are not only witnesses to the history of our native country, preserving the memory of the heroic past of our ancestors. Ancient fortresses and monasteries are also outstanding works of Russian architecture.
Look at the image of the fortress-monastery on the screen ( PRESENTATION level 13) and in creative notebook on p. 44.
How are they similar and how are they different? Do they have the same function?
Why were they called a fortress? What are they made of?
Let's look at the drawings of individual architectural objects of this ensemble. Under each picture there is a digital designation. Read what these objects are called. What is their purpose?
1) Fortress wall
2) Central entrance
3) Single-domed temple with side chapels
4) Corner tower
5) Five-domed temple
"The wonderful city of Kitezh"
Let's take a virtual trip to the very center of Russia Nizhny Novgorod region. (PRESENTATION cl 2)
In the very center of Russia, the Nizhny Novgorod region, there is Lake Svetloyar - a pearl of Russian nature. This lake is sometimes called the small Russian Atlantis: its history is covered in legends. ( PRESENTATION level 3). It was considered sacred for Russian princes. These are truly Russian sacred places that remember the native Russian faith, the Magi and temples.
The main Svetloyarsk legend is about the invisible city of Kitezh. The legend says: there is a lake in the Vetluga forests. It is located in the forest thicket. The blue waters of the lake lie motionless day and night. Only occasionally a light ripple runs through them. There are days when quiet shores drawn-out singing can be heard, and the distant ringing of bells can be heard.
A long time ago, even before the coming of the Tatars, Grand Duke Georgy Vsevolodovich ( PRESENTATION level 4) built the city of Maly Kitezh (present-day Gorodets) on the Volga, and then, “crossing quiet rivers,” went to Lake Svetloyar. The prince stopped to rest near the lake. He was captivated by its beauty and ordered the construction of a new city - Greater Kitezh. This was at the end of the 12th century. ( PRESENTATION cl 5)
Here is the legend that has been preserved about this city: “This city was of indescribable beauty: every house was a new miracle, decorated from top to bottom. People couldn’t even take their eyes off the entrance gates, there were such unprecedented wooden lions on them - the guards lay there and smiled kindly at everyone entering the city. And the flowers that curled around them shook their heads, although they were also wooden. ( PRESENTATION level 6)
Six domes of churches towered in the center of the city. There are many churches, icons too - what else does an ordinary Russian person need? The city was immediately nicknamed “saint”, and people flocked to Lake Svetly Yar. Greater Kitezh was conceived as a majestic city. There were many temples in it, and it was built entirely of white stone, which at that time was a sign of wealth and purity. ( PRESENTATION level 7)
In 1237, the Mongol-Tatars under the leadership of Batu Khan invaded the territory of Rus'. ( PRESENTATION level 8)
Having come to Rus' and conquered many of our lands, Batu heard about the glorious Kitezh-city and rushed to it with his hordes. ( PRESENTATION level 9)
According to legend, Batu's hordes first besieged Little Kitezh and, having defeated the squad of Prince George, burned the city. However, the prince with the remnants of the soldiers managed to escape to Greater Kitezh in the dark night. One of the prisoners told the Mongols about secret paths to Lake Svetloyar. The horde pursued Yuri and soon reached the city walls.
The Tatars surrounded the city with a thundercloud and wanted to take it by force, but when they broke through to its walls, they were amazed. Residents of the city not only did not build any fortifications, but did not even intend to defend themselves. They prayed for salvation, since they could not expect anything good from the Tatars. To the surprise of the Mongols, the city had no fortifications at all. The wondrous city of Batu ordered to be burned to the ground so that there would be no memory of it left.
And as soon as the Tatars rushed to the city, abundant springs suddenly gushed out from under the ground, and the Tatars retreated in fear. And the water kept running and running. ( PRESENTATION level 10)
When the sound of the springs died down, in place of the city there were only waves. In the distance shimmered the lonely dome of the cathedral with a cross shining in the middle. She slowly sank into the water. Soon the cross disappeared too. ( PRESENTATION level 11)
Struck by the power of the “Russian miracle,” the Tatars began to run in all directions. But God's wrath overtook them: those who were devoured by animals, those who got lost in the forest or simply disappeared without a trace, taken away by a mysterious force.
The city disappeared. According to legend, he must “manifest” on the day of the Last Judgment. On the day when the dead rise from their graves, Kitezh will rise from the water. ( PRESENTATION level 12)
This legend gave birth to numerous incredible rumors that have survived to this day. It is said that only those who are pure in heart and soul will find the way to Kitezh. It is also said that in calm weather you can sometimes hear the ringing of bells and people singing, heard from under the waters of Lake Svetloyar. Some say that very religious people can see the lights of religious processions and even buildings at the bottom of the lake. For this reason, Lake Svetloyar is sometimes called the “Russian Atlantis”.
Currently, the territory of the lake is protected by the state. The lake and surrounding area are part of a nature reserve, which is protected by UNESCO. ( PRESENTATION level 13)
Rybnikova Elena
Outline of the lesson “The ancient city is a wonderful city”
LESSON PLAN
« An ancient city - a wonderful city»
1. Full name (fully) Rybnikova Elena Nikolaevna
2. Place of work MBOU NOSH-DS "Hope"
3. Position Educator
4. GCD subject "Cognition : formation of a holistic picture of the world” with integration into educational fields "Communication", "Fiction", "Physical development", "Music".
5. Class Preparatory group
6. Topic and lesson number in the topic « An ancient city - a wonderful city»
7. Basic tutorial -
Goals and objectives:
To consolidate an initial understanding of the history of the emergence and development of Moscow;
Expand children's understanding of Moscow;
Continue acquaintance with historical center Moscow - the Kremlin, Red Square; with the most famous architectural monuments in Moscow, and throughout the world, the Bolshoi Theater and the State Tretyakov Gallery;
Introduce children to Russian national culture;
Promote the development of aesthetic taste.
STRUCTURE AND PROGRESS CLASSES
Table 2.
No. Lesson stage Name of ESM used
(indicating serial number from Table 2) Teacher activities
(indicating actions with ESM, for example, demonstration) Student activity Time
(per minute)
1. Introductory 1 Conversation with children,
Slide show
(4,5,6,7) Conversation with the teacher,
Examination of visual material 10 min
2. Main 1 Game tasks for children,
Slide show
(8-20) Game exercises,
Physical education minute,
Reading poetry
Examination of visual material 15 min
3. Final 1 Direction of the re-enactment,
Conversation with children
Slide show
(20-26) Participation in the performance.
Conversation 10 min
Table 2.
LIST OF EOR USED IN THIS LESSON
No. Name of resource Type, type of resource Information submission form (illustration, presentation, video clips, test, model, etc.) Hyperlink to a resource that provides access to the ESM
1 presentation ESM presentation Presentation 1 « An ancient city - a wonderful city»
Preliminary work: Looking at paintings about Moscow, reading stories and poems, listening to music, getting to know the flag and coat of arms of Moscow, historical monuments, with the history of the emergence of Moscow, “Artistic creativity (drawing)» "Moscow Golden Domed".
Equipment: Personal computer, multimedia projector, books about Moscow and Moscow historical museums.
Progress of the lesson:
Introductory part
Russia is a huge country. Our Motherland is rich in forests, rivers, seas, cities. Main Russian city – Moscow. Moscow is the capital. In the old days they said "Capital City".
Today we will talk about the capital of our Motherland - Moscow. People from all over the world come to Moscow to admire its beauty. So today we will take a tour of our capital, (slide 4)
Moscow has its own flag, anthem, and coat of arms. Coat of arms is a distinctive sign cities. The coat of arms of Moscow depicts a warrior-horseman in a cloak and on a horse. The warrior kills the snake with a spear, and the horse tramples it with its hoof. The horseman is Saint George the Victorious, he is considered the patron saint of Moscow, (slide 5)
Moscow- ancient city, ancient. Many years ago, on the site of Moscow there were large forests where animals lived; rivers in which there were a lot of fish. People began to settle here, and many small villages were formed. Prince Yuri Dolgoruky decided to unite these villages - after all, together it was easier to fish, hunt animals, and defend against enemies. This is how Moscow appeared. In September, Muscovites celebrated the birthday of their loved one cities, (slide 6)
The city that Dolgoruky built
In the middle of deep forests,
Grandchildren lifted up lovingly
Above others cities.
(V. Ya. Bryusov)
Consider with children the illustration of the monument to Yu. D. Dolgoruky.
And now, children, we will go to Red Square, visit the Kremlin and Alexander Garden (slide 7).
Educator:
Did you like it here?
Children:
Yes, I liked it.
Educator:
Moscow is beautiful, there is a lot in it interesting places. Now we will see the most famous sights of our Capital.
Blitz survey:
1. the most famous theater in Moscow on the building of which is located sculptural composition "A Man in a Chariot Drives Four Horses"?
(slide 8)
2. what is in the Alexander Garden? (slide 9)
3. What museum was created by the collector Tretyakov, which contains paintings by Russian master artists? (slide 10)
4. what is the name of the main clock located on the Spasskaya Tower (slide 11) sound
Educator:
Children, you and I have already learned and seen a lot, but let’s relax a little and warm up, (slide 12)
Physical education minute
We're going, we're going, we're going for a long time
This path is very long.
We'll get to Moscow soon,
There we can rest.
We pressed our hands to our shoulders,
We begin to rotate them,
Get rid of fatigue, laziness and boredom,
Let's stretch our muscles.
Educator:
Everyone rested and warmed up a bit.
Children:
We liked it.
Educator:
And now, guys, we will continue the tour again. Tell me, what kind of transport can we use to travel around Moscow?
Children:
Buses, minibus, tram, trolleybus, metro, cars.
Educator:
Listen to the riddle and guess what type of transport we are talking about. (13 slide).
I am at any time of the year
And in any bad weather,
If necessary, at any hour
I'll take you underground.
Children:
This is the metro.
Educator:
That's right, metro (slide 14)
The metro is underground. To get there, you need to take an escalator down underground. An escalator is a ladder that moves automatically, and when you go down, you select the desired station where you need to get to, and get on the train, which will quickly take you to the desired station, (slide 15)
The metro is very convenient in such large areas cities, like Moscow, because there are a lot of passenger cars on the roads of the capital.
Educator:
We are going with you to a station called VVTs. All-Russian Exhibition Center is the All-Russian exhibition center. There are many beautiful pavilions here, there is a real rocket, an airplane, and greenhouses. (16 slide).
Children, listen to the sound of water. These are fountains, of which there are a lot at the exhibition. The most famous of them: "Friendship of Peoples" And "Stone Flower". (slide 17-19)
Did you like it here?
Children:
Yes, I liked it.
Educator:
Pay attention to this high tower (20 slide).
This tower is called Ostankino, all the programs are filmed here and shown to us on TV. It is the largest in Russia.
Educator:
Well, children, our excursion has come to an end. We have already learned a lot, but you will see even more in Moscow.
Moscow today is one of the largest cities world and continues to be built. (slide 21)
New districts, bridges, embankments are appearing in Moscow and they are different from the old ones (slide 24).
We can say that Moscow is constantly changing its appearance (slide 22)
Moscow is very hospitable city and everyone who comes to the capital is always welcome there. (25 slide)
Also, many poems have been written about Moscow. (slide 26) sound
Wonderful city, ancient city,
You fit into your ends
And towns and villages,
And chambers and palaces!
Belted with a ribbon of arable land,
You're all colorful in the gardens
How many temples, how many towers
On your seven hills.
With a gigantic hand
You, like a charter, are developed.
And over the small river
He became great and famous.
On your ancient churches
Trees grow.
The eye cannot grasp the long streets,
Is this Mother Moscow?
Monuments and Architecture Mausoleum of Aisha Bibi
Architectural monument: 11-12 centuries, located in the village of Aisha Bibi, Zhambyl district, Zhambyl region, 18 km from the city of Taraz.
It is an architectural monument of republican significance.
Aisha Bibi was the lover of Karakhan, who built a mausoleum in memory of her.
The base of the mausoleum is cubic. Massive columns are located at its four corners.
The design used small niches, small columns, vaults, pointed arches, and terracotta facing tiles.
Mausoleum of Karakhan
Architectural monument: 9th century, located in the central part of the city of Taraz at the intersection of Tole bi and Baizak batyr streets.
The mausoleum is part of a cult-memorial complex; since 1982 it has been included in the list of monuments of republican significance.
Folk legends connect the construction of the mausoleum with a man who was the khan of the Karakhanid dynasty, which ruled in the 10th-12th centuries.
It is a square, portal-dome structure. It consists of a central hall and three small corner rooms; the fourth corner of the mausoleum is occupied by a staircase leading to the roof of the structure.
In 1906 it was rebuilt, the structural principle was preserved, but the original architectural and decorative decoration was lost. A stepped tombstone has been preserved inside the mausoleum.
Mausoleum of Zhoshy Khan
Architectural monument: 13th century, located in the Ulytau district of the Karaganda region, 40 km from Zhezkazgan on the bank of the river. Kengir.
Since 1892, the monument has been under state protection
According to legend, the eldest son of Genghis Khan, Zhoshy Khan, is buried in the mausoleum
It has a portal-dome structure. The dome has not survived; it used to rest on a star-shaped 17-sided drum of a very rare shape and was lined with tiles and turquoise glaze. The inner shell of the dome, covering the square chamber, rests on arched sails. In the depths of the chamber there is a tombstone. The floor of the mausoleum is paved with brick. The interior is illuminated by two arched openings located in the side chambers.
Mausoleum Skin of Akhmet Yassawi
Architectural monument: 14th century, located in the south of Kazakhstan in the city of Turkestan.
The mausoleum is included in the list world heritage UNESCO.
The structure was erected in honor of the ancient Turkic poet and preacher of Sufism Kozha Akhmet Yassaui, who lived in the 12th century and lived in the East.
Is architectural complex, which combines the functions of a mausoleum, mosque, khanaka, administrative and utility premises. Externally symmetrical, the compact plan includes up to 35 rooms connected by passages, staircases and corridors. . The precise choice of structural design, high quality materials and construction work ensured the building's strength and stability for centuries.
Mausoleum of Alash Khan
Architectural monument: 11-12 centuries, located in the Ulytau district of the Karaganda region, 2 km southwest of the village of Malshybay on the right bank of the river. Karakengir.
Since 1892 it has been included in the list of historical and cultural monuments and is under state protection.
The tomb was erected by folk craftsmen in honor of Alash Khan, whose name is associated with the emergence of three Kazakh zhuzes .
Has the shape of a rectangle. The building was built of brick, only wood was used to decorate the window openings and doors. In the center of the main facade there is a double-leaf door, behind which there is a deep double-arched niche.
Zamoskvorechye is one of the oldest corners of Moscow. One of the nine protected areas of the capital, unique corners Moscow, where everything valuable that has come down to us from time immemorial has been preserved: low mansions of nobles and merchants, elegant churches, slender bell towers.
From the history of Zamoskvorechye The first mentions in the chronicles of the 14th century characterize it as a densely populated trade and craft settlement. Markets were located on the low-lying sandy shores of Moscow. Zamoskvorechye protected the Kremlin from attacks by Tatar hordes from the south. At the beginning of the 17th century, about 50 thousand archers were concentrated here.
Population of Zamoskvorechye 1. Service of the royal court: royal coiners, kadashevtsy, interpreters, gardeners and others. 2. Posad people, traders, merchants. 3. Sagittarius (military people). On the streets of Zamoskvorechye one could hear the shouts and jokes of street vendors and artisans.
About modern Zamoskvorechye These ancient times are reminded today by the almost unchanged layout of Zamoskvoretsky streets and alleys and their names, coming from the streltsy and craft settlements of the 16th-17th centuries. Dubininskaya street, Stremyanny lane, Bolshaya Ordynka, Kadashevskaya embankment and others.
