Historical monuments of the 18th century. Historical and architectural monuments

The building of the Aleksandrovskaya women's almshouse with a maternity ward (architect N.A. Frelikh, 1868-1881, at the intersection of Varvarskaya St. and Volodarskogo St., 42/56 (letter A), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 471, No. 329) ;

clergy house of the Trinity (Nizhny Posad) Church (mid-19th century, Vakhitova Lane, 6, according to the order of the Department of Historical Protection cultural heritage Nizhny Novgorod and Nizhny Novgorod region dated April 24, 2000 No. 5-OD “On classifying religious objects as objects of historical and cultural heritage,” the clergy house of the Trinity (Nizhny Posad) Church was classified as an object of historical and cultural heritage; according to the Department of State Protection of Cultural Heritage Objects of the Nizhny Novgorod Region, order 5-OD lost force on October 20, 2014 by order No. 159); about OKN from Order No. 5-OD.

Hotel "Russia" (architect A.Z. Grinberg, 1931-1935, Verkhne-Volzhskaya embankment, 2a (letters A, A3), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 288-m, No. 36);

House of I. Ivanov (1845, architect A.E. Turmyshev, Gorky St., 139 (letter A), order dated May 12, 1999 No. 4-OD):

Spasskaya Church (architect A.M. Kochetov, 1899-1903, Gorky St., 177a, a monument of urban planning and architecture of federal significance, document on acceptance for state protection No. 176):

Complex of clergy houses of the Peter and Paul Church: clergy house (1876) and clergy house (1888), lane. Granite, 7, 9:

Read more in the publication of Sergei Sipatov “Nizhny Novgorod Quarter of 1833”. According to the order of the Department for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Heritage of Nizhny Novgorod and the Nizhny Novgorod Region dated April 24, 2000 No. 5-OD “On classifying religious objects as objects of historical and cultural heritage,” the complex of houses of the parable of the Peter and Paul Church was classified as objects of historical and cultural heritage. According to the Department of State Protection of Cultural Heritage Objects of the Nizhny Novgorod Region, order 5-OD lost force on October 20, 2014 by order No. 159.Read more about the situation in a special publication by Galina Filimonova about OKN from Order No. 5-OD.

Synagogue (1880s, Gruzinskaya St., 5 (letters A, A1, A2), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 288-m, No. 36);

house of F.A. Rumyantseva (architect I.E. Efimov, 1830, architect G.I. Kizevetter, 1837, Gruzinskaya St., 30 (letters A, A1), order dated May 12, 1999 No. 4-OD) ;

house of V.I. Ignatieva (architect N.B. Feldt, 1864, Gruzinskaya St., 33 (liter I), order No. 4-OD dated May 12, 1999).

House of K.P. Polushkin (1911, Gruzinskaya St., 34 (letter A), order dated May 12, 1999 No. 4-OD):

house of A.A. Shternova (architect I.K. Kostryukov, 1864, Gruzinskaya St., 35 (letter A), order dated May 12, 1999 No. 4-OD);

house of M. Lastochkina (1839, architect G.I. Kizevetter, Gruzinskaya St., 37 (letter A), order dated July 21, 2000 N 16-OD);

tank of the alcohol distillery of A.V. Dolgov (1896, Gruzinskaya St., 41 a (lit. Zh), order dated July 21, 2000 N 16-OD);

outbuilding of N.F. Kotov (1869, Gruzinskaya St., 41 b (letter B), order dated July 21, 2000 N 16-OD).

The dormitory building of the Nizhny Novgorod gymnasium with the house church of St. Cyril and Methodius (architect P.S. Boytsov, 1875-1882, 1894-1896, Gruzinskaya St., 44 (letter A), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 471, No. 329):

the house of the estate of V.I. Smirnov (late 19th century, Dalnyaya str., 15 (letters A, A1, A2, A3, A4), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 288-m, No. 36);

house of S.I. Pyatov (architect G.I. Kizevetter, 1840, Dobrolyubova St., 10 (letter A), order dated May 12, 1999 No. 4-OD);

Church of the Myrrh-Bearing Women (1649, 1864, 1894, Dobrolyubova St., 13a, a monument of urban planning and architecture of federal significance, document on acceptance for state protection No. 176):

house of T.A. Gromova (1906, Zagorsky St., 7a (letter B), order dated May 12, 1999 No. 4-OD);

Pokhvalinskaya Church (architect N.I. Uzhumedsky-Gritsevich, 1742-1744, 1858, Zalomova St., 21 a (letter A), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 288, No. 36);

estate of M.I. Sizova: outbuilding (1907-1909, architect S.A. Levkov, Zvezdinka St., 10 b (liter B), order dated May 12, 1999 No. 4-OD);

trade building of F.N. Gushchin (1869-1870, architects N.I. Uzhumedsky-Gritsevich, V.M. Lemke, Ivanovo Congress, 7 (letter A3), 9/18 (letter A3), order dated December 22, 2001 year No. 36-OD);

trade and warehouse building of N.E. Makarsky (architect N.A. Frelikh, 1857, Ilyinskaya St., 1 (letters A, B), order dated May 12, 1999 No. 4-OD);

Ilyinskaya Church (1655, 1875-1877, Ilyinskaya St., 9 (letter A), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 877, No. 216);

residential buildings (second half of the 19th century, Ilyinskaya St., 18 (letters A, A1), 20 (letters A), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 471, No. 329);

residential building (first half of the 19th century, Ilyinskaya str., 23 (letter A), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 471, No. 329);

residential building (1830s, Ilyinskaya St., 25 (letter A), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 559, No. 330);

house of G.S. Dolganov (architect M.P. Kamyshnikov, 1846-1847, at the intersection of Ilyinskaya St. and Sergievskaya St., 40/11 (letter A, A1), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 559, No. 330 );

estate of N.P. Vagina: main house (1860s), outbuilding (mid-19th century) (Ilyinskaya St., 42 (letter A), 42a (letter B), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 471, No. 329) ;

city ​​estate: main house (mid-19th century), outbuilding (second half of the 19th century) (Ilyinskaya St., 44 (letter A), 44 b (letter B), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 471, No. 329);

house of D.V. Sirotkin (late 19th century, Ilyinskaya str., 46 (letters A, A1, A2), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 471, No. 329);

house of merchants Lozhkarevs (one of the best examples of wooden buildings of the city of the second half of the 19th century (built in the 1830-1840s, rebuilt in the 1870s), the facades are richly decorated with applied sawn carvings, Ilyinskaya St., 49 (letter A), order dated May 12, 1999 No. 4-OD):

House of S. Dolganov (1846, Ilyinskaya St., 50 (letter A), a monument of urban planning and architecture of federal significance, document on acceptance for state protection No. 176);

residential buildings (first half of the 19th century, Ilyinskaya St., 51/1 (letters A, A1), 53/2 (letters A, A1), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 471, No. 329);

ensemble of the Ascension Church: Ascension Church (1866-1875), forged metal fencing on a stone plinth (54 Ilyinskaya St., documents on acceptance for state protection No. 559, No. 127), clergy house (architect V.M. Lemke, end XIX century, Plotnichny lane, 34, documents on acceptance for state protection No. 559, No. 127):

palace outbuilding (late 18th century, Ilyinskaya St., 55 (letter B), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 471, No. 329);

Ryabinina's city estate: main house (late 18th century, 1820s), outbuilding (architect A.A. Pakhomov, 1845), fence (1840s), utility buildings (first half of the 19th century) (Ilyinskaya St. , 56 (letters A, B, C, E, I), a monument of urban planning and architecture of federal significance, document on acceptance for state protection No. 176):

Kotelnikov's house (architect I.K. Kostryukov, 1873, 1878, Ilyinskaya St., 58 (letters A, A1, A2), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 471, No. 329);

house of A.S. Chesnokov (late 19th century, Ilyinskaya str., 60 (letter A), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 471, No. 329);

city ​​estate: main house, carriage house, service building, gate (late 19th century, Ilyinskaya St., 61 (letters A, E, D, F), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 471, No. 329);

residential building (1880s, Ilyinskaya St., 62 (letter A), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 471, No. 329);

Kotelnikov's house (1870s, Ilyinskaya str., 64 (letters A, A1), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 471, No. 329);

house of A.P. Pugovkin (architect G.I. Kizevetter, 1840, Ilyinskaya St., 68 (letters A, A1), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 559, No. 330);

residential building (beginning of the 20th century, Ilyinskaya St., 69, document on acceptance for state protection No. 471);

house of N.I. Belilnikov - N.N. Telekhov (1842-1873, architect G.I. Kizevetter, Ilyinskaya St., 72 (letter A), order dated May 12, 1999 No. 4-OD);

residential building (1840s, architect G.I. Kizevetter, Ilyinskaya St., 74 (letter A), order No. 4-OD dated May 12, 1999);

building of the First Children's Orphanage (architects A.A. Stavasser, I.G. Khvorinov, 1846, 1874, Ilyinskaya St., 78 (letter A), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 471, No. 329);

Vereninov's house (1840, Ilyinskaya str., 79/20 (letter A), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 471, No. 329);

residential building (first half of the 19th century, 1878, Ilyinskaya St., 82 (letter A), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 471, No. 329);

apartment house of P.F. Rembler (1897, Ilyinskaya str., 88 (letter A), documents on acceptance for state security No. 471, No. 329);

estate of M.L. Pupkova: main house (1839-1840, architect G.I. Kizevetter), service building (1840s, architect A.E. Turmyshev) (Ilyinskaya St., 94 (letter B), 94a (letter B), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 288-m, No. 36);

Vereninov's house (architect G.I. Kizevetter, 1840s, Ilyinskaya St., 96 (letter A), a monument of urban planning and architecture of federal significance, document on acceptance for state protection No. 176);

house of P.M. Spiridonov (mid-19th century, Ilyinskaya St., 110 (liter B), order dated May 12, 1999 No. 4-OD);

cathedral mosque (architect P.A. Dombrovsky, 1913-1915, Kazanskaya embankment, 6 (letter A), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 288-m, No. 36);

house of M.E. Bashkirov (1892, Kazbeksky lane, 4 (letter A), order dated May 12, 1999 No. 4-OD);

outbuilding of the estate of F.A. Shmelev (late 19th century, Kovalikhinskaya street, 4 a (liter B), order dated May 12, 1999 No. 4-OD);

house of A.V.Savinova-N.E.Vereninov (late 1860s - early 1870s, end of the 19th century, Kovalikhinskaya str., 26-28 (letters A, B, B1), order dated May 12, 1999 year No. 4-OD);

residential buildings (first half of the 19th century, Kozhevennaya St., 10 (letter A), 14a (letter A2), order No. 4-OD dated May 12, 1999);

house of F.P. Perepletchikov (architect G.I. Kizevetter, 1839-1840, Kozhevennaya St., 12 (letter A1), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 471, No. 329);

house of P. Maleevsky (architect G.I. Kizevetter, 1839-1840, Kozhevennaya St., 14 (letter A), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 471, No. 329);

residential building (second half of the 19th century, Kozhevennaya St., 18 (letter A4), order No. 4-OD dated May 12, 1999);

house of F.P. Perepletchikov (1820s, 1910s, architect N.M. Veshnyakov, at the intersection of Kozhevenny Lane and Kozhevennaya Street, 10/13 (letter A), order dated September 6, 1999 No. 12-OD );

Church of the Three Saints (1859-1860, Korolenko St., 14 (letter A), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 471, No. 329);

Aviation College (architect D.P. Silvanov, 1939-1940, Kostina St., 2 (letter A), documents on acceptance for state security No. 288-m, No. 36);

complex of the Kurbatov plant: a dormitory for workers (architect R.Ya. Kilevein, 1863), service building (late 19th - early 20th centuries) (Krasnaya Sloboda St., 8 (letter A), 9 (letter B, B1), documents on acceptance for state security No. 288, No. 36);

Estate of I.K. Lopashev: main house (1851), outbuilding (architect I.K. Kostryukov, 1870) (at the intersection of Piskunov St. and Bolshaya Pokrovskaya St., 8/8 (letters A, B), documents about acceptance for state protection No. 471, No. 329);

dormitory of the Institute of Engineers water transport with the “Record” cinema (architect A.A. Yakovlev, 1935, at the intersection of Piskunova St. and Alekseevskaya St., 11/7 (letter A), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 288-m, No. 36);

house of the priest Vishnyakov (architect I.E. Efimov, 1830s, Piskunova St., 28 (letter A), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 559, No. 330);

residential building (architect G.I. Kizevetter, 1844, Piskunova St., 30 (letters A, B), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 471, No. 329);

city ​​estate: outbuilding, service building (late 19th century, Piskunova St., 30 v (letters B, B1), 30a (letter D), order No. 4-OD dated May 12, 1999);

residential building (mid-19th century, Piskunova St., 32 (letter A), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 471, No. 329);

mansion (architect S.A. Levkov, 1907, Piskunova St., 35 (letters A, A1), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 559, No. 330);

house of F.I. Obzhorin-Korotin (1860s, 1910, Piskunova St., 37 (letter A), order dated May 12, 1999 No. 4-OD);

house of the St. George Brotherhood (architect A.K. Nikitin, 1902-1903, Piskunova St., 38 (letters A, A1), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 288-m, No. 36);

complex of the land peasant bank (architect F.O. Livchak, 1913-1916): main building(1914-1916), service building, fence (Piskunova St., 39 (letters A, B, B1), a monument of urban planning and architecture of federal significance, document on acceptance for state protection No. 176);

the building in which the State Conservatory was opened in 1946. M. Glinka, associated with the names of prominent musicians A.A. Kasyanov, N.A. Poluektov and others (XVIII - XX centuries, Piskunova St., 40 (liter A), a monument of urban planning and architecture of federal significance, document of acceptance for state security No. 176);

Diocesan Serafimovsky care home for elderly clergy (1904, architect N.M. Veshnyakov, Piskunova St., 49/6, order dated May 12, 1999 No. 4-OD);

clergy house of the Spasopreobrazhensky Cathedral (1842-1845, Pozharsky St., 16 (letter A), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 471, No. 329);

Chatygin House (“House of Peter the Great”) (architect N.P. Ivanov, 17th century, 1890, Pochainskaya St., 27 (liter A), a monument of urban planning and architecture of federal significance, documents on acceptance for state protection No. 1327, No. 176 );

Apartment house (former salt office) (mid-18th century, second half of the 19th century), st. Rozhdestvenskaya, 8a (letter A), 8b (letter B), 8c (letter B1);

house of A.A. Panina (architect A.A. Pakhomov, 18th century, 1843, Rozhdestvenskaya St., 12/5 (letter A), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 471, No. 329);

apartment buildings (second half of the 19th century, Rozhdestvenskaya St., 19 (letter B), 20 (letters A, B, C, D, E, F), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 471, No. 329);

house of A.S. Zaplatina (1913-1914, Rozhdestvenskaya st., 21 (letter B) documents on acceptance for state protection No. 471, No. 329).

Apartment buildings of S.M. Rukavishnikov: the building in which the bank was located, the industrial building (Rukavishnikov Bank complex) (architect F.O. Shekhtel, sculptor S.T. Konenkov, 1913-1916, Rozhdestvenskaya St., 23 (lit. A), Nizhne-Volzhskaya embankment, 11 (letters A, A4), a monument of urban planning and architecture of federal significance, document on acceptance for state protection No. 176):

House of I.S. Pyatov (architect A.A. Betancourt, 1820s, end of the 19th century, Rozhdestvenskaya St., 25 (letter A), a monument of urban planning and architecture of federal significance, document on acceptance for state protection No. 176):

house of I. Shuvalov-A.K. Heinze (architect P.D. Gotman, 1836-1837, 1905, Rozhdestvenskaya St., 26 (letter A), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 471, No. 329);

apartment house of N.A. Bugrova, in which the branch of the Volzhsko-Kama Bank was located (architect V.P. Zeidler, 1894-1898, Rozhdestvenskaya St., 27 (liter A), a monument of urban planning and architecture of federal significance, document of acceptance for state security No. 176);

house of A.B. Smirnov (architect I.E. Efimov, 1823, Rozhdestvenskaya St., 28 (letter A), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 559, No. 330);

house of M.M. Nesterov (architects A.A. Pakhomov, P.A. Dombrovsky, 1843, 1898, Rozhdestvenskaya St., 29 (letter A), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 471, No. 329);

estate of A.I. Kostromin-A. Shushlyaev: main house (1825), outbuilding (1856) (architects I.E. Efimov, N.I. Uzhumedsky-Gritsevich, Rozhdestvenskaya St., 30 (letters A, A1, B), 32 (letters A, A1), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 471, No. 329):

Church of the Cathedral of the Virgin (Rozhdestvenskaya, Stroganovskaya) with a bell tower (1917, Rozhdestvenskaya St., 34a (letters A, A1, A2, A3), a monument of urban planning and architecture of federal significance, documents on acceptance for state protection No. 1327, No. 176);

apartment house of the Blinovs (1853, 1898, at the intersection of Rozhdestvenskaya St., Markin Square, 35/5 (letter A), order No. 4-OD dated May 12, 1999);

house of the Esyrevs (architect A.L. Leer, 1832, end of the 19th century, Rozhdestvenskaya St., 37 (letter B), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 471, No. 329);

house of I.N. Sobolev (architect N.I. Uzhumedsky-Gritsevich, 1860-1862, Rozhdestvenskaya St., 40 (letters A, A1), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 471, No. 329);

house of I.E. Vyalov (architect A.L. Leer, 1840-1842, Rozhdestvenskaya St., 42 (letter A), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 471, No. 329);

building of the Dobrov and Nabgolts Machine-Building Partnership (architect N.B. Grigoriev, 1885, Rozhdestvenskaya St., 43 (letter A), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 288-m, No. 36);

Stroganov estate (beginning of the 19th century, Rozhdestvenskaya str., 45 (letter A), 45b (letter B), 45 v (letter B), document on acceptance for state protection No. 1327): main house (architects P. Sadovnikov, I.V. .Kostryukov, 1825-1829), two outbuildings (1872), a fence with a gate;

apartment house of the Ambelek-Lazorevs (architect A.E. Turmyshev, 1844-1845, Rozhdestvenskaya St., 46 (letter A), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 471, No. 329);

Golitsyn estate: main house, two wings, fence with gates (architects D.I. Gilardi, G.I. Kizevetter, A.L. Leer, 1837-1839, Rozhdestvenskaya St., 47v (letter B), 47a ( letter A), 47c (letter C), urban planning monument and architects of federal significance, document on acceptance for state protection No. 176):

house of V.K. Michurin (architect L.V. Fostikov, 1848-1849, Rozhdestvenskaya St., 49 (letter A), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 471, No. 329);

house of A.E. Vyalov (architect A.L. Leer, 1842, Rozhdestvenskaya St., 49 (letter B), order dated May 12, 1999 No. 4-OD);

residential building (second half of the 19th century, at the intersection of Rybnogo lane and Kozhevennaya street, 5/9 (letter B3), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 471, No. 329);

railway worker's house (1937–1938, architect D.P. Silvanov, Semashko St., 2 (letters A, A1), order dated September 6, 1999 No. 12-OD);

residential building (second half of the 19th century, Semashko St., 5 (letter A), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 471, No. 329);

house of A.P. Chegodaev (1850s, Semashko St., 15, documents on acceptance for state protection No. 559, No. 330);

house of P.A. Krechetnikova (1858-1860, Semashko St., 14 (letter A, A1), order dated May 12, 1999 No. 4-OD);

school for children of clerical workers (1830s, architect I.E. Efimov, Semashko St., 20 (letter A), order No. 10-OD dated July 26, 1999);

foundling asylum (1912, architect L.D. Agafonov, Semashko St., 22 (letter A), order dated May 12, 1999 No. 4-OD):

house of M.V. Abrosimova (architect G.I. Kizevetter, 1839, Sergievskaya St., 13 (letter A), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 559, No. 330):

estate of the merchant P.T.Pereplyotchikov - merchant I.A.Vlasov (main house (a typical example of classicism architecture using the Ionic order), built in the 1810s according to the design of the architect I.I.Mezhetsky, and an outbuilding built in 1870 ). st. Sergievskaya, 14 (letter A), documents on acceptance for state security No. 471, No. 329):

residential building (architects A.L. Leer, N.I. Uzhumedsky-Gritsevich, 1826, 1857, Sergievskaya St., 16 (letters A, A2, B, C), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 471, No. 329 ):

residential building (first half of the 19th century, Sergievskaya str., 18 (letter A), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 471, No. 329):

apartment building (second half of the 19th century, Sergievskaya str., 22 (letter A), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 471, No. 329):

Sergievskaya Church is a monument of urban planning and architecture of federal significance (1865-1869, Sergievskaya St., 25a (liter A), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 471, No. 329):

The clergy house of the Church of the Three Saints (late 19th century, Slavyanskaya str., 1 (liter A), according to the order of the department for the protection of historical and cultural heritage of Nizhny Novgorod and the Nizhny Novgorod region dated April 24, 2000 No. 5-OD “On classifying religious objects as historical objects -cultural heritage”, the clergy house of the Church of the Three Saints was classified as an object of historical and cultural heritage; according to the Department of State Protection of Cultural Heritage Objects of the Nizhny Novgorod Region, order 5-OD became invalid on October 20, 2014 by order No. 159); More details about the situation can be found in a special publication by Galina Filimonova about OKN from Order No. 5-OD.

House of the Compound of the Spaso-Zelenogorsk Monastery (beginning of the 20th century, Slavyanskaya St., 7, according to the order of the Department for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Heritage of Nizhny Novgorod and the Nizhny Novgorod Region dated April 24, 2000 No. 5-OD “On the classification of religious objects as objects of historical and cultural heritage » the house of the courtyard of the Spaso-Zelenogorsk Monastery was classified as an object of historical and cultural heritage; according to the Department of State Protection of Cultural Heritage Objects of the Nizhny Novgorod Region, order 5-OD became invalid on October 20, 2014 by order No. 159); More details about the situation can be found in a special publication by Galina Filimonova about OKN from Order No. 5-OD.

Church of the Transfiguration (1794, Sloboda Pechery St., 124, documents on acceptance for state protection No. 471, No. 329).

House of G.M. Becker (1912, at the intersection of Studenoy St., Kholodny Lane, 1/11 (letter A), order dated May 12, 1999 No. 4-OD).

Complex of the Roman Catholic Church: church (not completed), clergy house, service building (beginning of the 20th century, Studenaya street, 8 (letter A), 6 (letter A), 6b (letter B), according to the order of the department for the protection of historical cultural heritage of Nizhny Novgorod and the Nizhny Novgorod region dated April 24, 2000 No. 5-OD “On the classification of religious objects as objects of historical and cultural heritage”, the complex of the Roman Catholic church was classified as objects of historical and cultural heritage according to the Department of State Protection of Cultural Heritage Objects; Nizhny Novgorod region, order 5-OD lost force on October 20, 2014 by order No. 159);More details about the situation can be found in a special publication by Galina Filimonova about OKN from Order No. 5-OD.

M.N. Shchelokov's estate: main house, outbuilding, service building, brick fence with wrought-iron lattice (late 19th – early 20th century, Studenaya St., 10 (letter B), 10a (letter A), 10b (letter B), documents on acceptance for state security No. 288, No. 36).

Residential building (late 19th century, Studenaya St., 42 (letters A, A1), order No. 4-OD dated May 12, 1999).

Naumov House (late 19th century, Studenaya St., 53 (letter A), order dated May 12, 1999 No. 4-OD);

P.N.Doylidova’s house with stone gates (1884-1885, Studenaya St., 60 (letter A), order No. 4-OD dated May 12, 1999);

house of the Milovidovs (beginning of the twentieth century, Studenaya str., 61 (liter A), order dated May 12, 1999 No. 4-OD): the wooden house of the Milovidovs with carved decor was included in the list of newly identified historical and cultural monuments of the Nizhny Novgorod region by the protection committee and the use of the historical and cultural heritage of Nizhny Novgorod and the Nizhny Novgorod region in accordance with the order of the chairman of committee No. 4-OD dated May 12, 1999. Before being accepted for state registration as a historical and cultural monument, the newly identified OKN had to be subject to protection in accordance with the requirements of Article 39 of the RSFSR Law “On the Protection and Use of Historical and Cultural Monuments.” However, by Decree No. 78 of the Government of the Nizhny Novgorod Region of February 8, 2011, the Milovidovs’ house was deprived of the status of a newly identified cultural heritage site, and on October 16, 2012 it was demolished:

Stroganov House (architect I.E. Efimov, 1829-1831, Suetinskaya St., 23 (letter A), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 559, No. 330);

house of D.I. Kazansky (architect S.A. Levkov, 1908-1909, Teatralnaya Square, 2 (letter A), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 559, No. 330);

house of D.I. Kazansky (1909, Teatralnaya Square, 4 (letter A), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 471, No. 329);

building of the flour row of the hotel yard (architect Ya.I. Ananyin, 1784, at the intersection of Torgovaya St. and Nagornogo Lane, 18/4 (letter A), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 471, No. 329);

apartment building (1914, at the intersection of Ulyanov St., Minin Square, 2/2 (letter A), order No. 4-OD dated May 12, 1999).

Arbekov's House (1881, Ulyanov St., 4 (letter A), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 288, No. 36). According to updated data, the apartment house of the peasant I.P. Arbekov (built in 1881 - 1882 under the supervision of the architect N.B. Feldt), a characteristic example of eclectic architecture late XIX– beginning of the 20th century.

Read more in the materials of Galina Filimonova“A peasant estate in the center of Nizhny Novgorod” and “How to preserve a monument in a historical environment: Arbekov’s house and its protected zones.”

Residential building (first quarter of the 19th century, Ulyanova St., 8 (letter A), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 559, No. 330);

residential building (XVIII century, 1874, Ulyanova St., 10 (letter B), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 559, No. 330);

building of the Second Children's Orphanage (architect R.Ya. Kilevein, 1861, Ulyanova St., 10 (letter A), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 471, No. 329);

outbuilding of the estate of I.I. Kirizeev (1840s, Ulyanova St., 10 (liter D), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 471, No. 329);

Nenyukov estate: main house, fence with forged lattice (1911-1913, Kholodny Lane, 4 (letter A), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 288-m, No. 36);

house of P.N. Shaposhnikov (1905, Kholodny lane, 7 (letter A), order dated May 12, 1999 No. 4-OD);

house of A.L. Barysheva (1837, architect G.I. Kizevetter, Chernigovskaya str., 4 (letter A), order dated May 12, 1999 No. 4-OD); house of P.E. Kubareva (architect G.I. Kizevetter, 1837, 1905, Chernigovskaya str., 5 (letter A), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 559, No. 330); house of M.V. Medvedev (architect G.I. Kizevetter, 1843, Chernigovskaya str., 6 (letter A), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 559, No. 330):

The Vyakhirev estate (the Vyakhirevs were Balakhna and Nizhny Novgorod merchants, owners of a rope knitting factory and timber merchants): two outbuildings, a gate (1840s, Chernigovskaya st., 12/2 (letter B), 12v (letter B), order dated May 12 1999 No. 4-OD); house of I.A. Vyakhirev (architect G.I. Kizevetter, 1838-1899, Chernigovskaya str., 12b/2 (liter B), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 559, No. 330):

Estate of V.E. Kozhevnikov: main house, outbuilding (1883, 1889, Chernigovskaya st., 14 (letter A), 14a (letter B), order dated May 12, 1999 No. 4-OD):

House of the Nenyukovs (Nenyukovs – owners of steamships, merchants of the first guild, prototypes of the heroes of I. Rukavishnikov’s novel “The Cursed Family”) (1830s, Chernigovskaya str., 15 (letter A), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 559, No. 330) :

Industrial complex of the steam mill of the Old Believer merchant M.A. Degtyarev: mill, engine room, mechanical workshops, barracks with warehouse, warehouses, residential building with office, outbuilding (1880s, architect N.B. Feldt, Chernigovskaya St., 17a (letters A, A1, A2, B, V, D), st. . Chernigovskaya, 17 (letters A, A1), order dated December 25, 2000 No. 19-OD):

City water pumping station (1880s, Chernigovskaya str., 30 (letter A), documents on acceptance for state protection No. 288-m, No. 36);

station of the Moscow-Kazan Railway "Romodanovsky Station" (1904, at the end of Chernigovskaya Street, on the bank of the Oka River, documents on acceptance for state security No. 288-m, No. 36);

residential building (mid-18th century, Chernyshevsky St., 20 (liter B), order No. 4-OD dated May 12, 1999);

Church of the Resurrection (1884-1885, Shevchenko St., 1a, documents on acceptance for state protection No. 288-m, No. 36);

house of K.N. Naryshkin (1909, architect K. Kartashov, Shevchenko St., 16 (letter A), order dated May 12, 1999 No. 4-OD);

Alexander Garden (engineer P.D. Gottman, gardener Karl Petzold (in some sources his last name is distorted and indicated as Pelzel), 1834-1840, documents on acceptance for state protection No. 288-m, No. 36), more details in the material Olga Nikolaevna Voronina“Alexandrovsky Garden - the first public historical park of Nizhny Novgorod”:

Square named after A.M. Gorky (architects A.I. Lebedev, P.P. Shteller, 1951, documents on acceptance for state protection No. 288, No. 36);

staircase on the Volga slope (“Chkalovskaya”) (architects A. Rudnev, A. Munts, A. A. Yakovlev, 1943-1949, on the slope of the Volga slope from the Verkhne-Volzhskaya embankment to the Nizhne-Volzhskaya embankment, documents on acceptance to State Security No. 288, No. 36);

Zelensky Congress (engineer P.D. Gotman, 1834-1839, descent from the Palace of Labor building on Minin and Pozharsky squares to the beginning of Rozhdestvenskaya street, documents on acceptance for state protection No. 288, No. 36);

Pokhvalinsky Congress (engineer P.D. Gotman, 1834-1839, descent from Maslyakova Street to the beginning of the Oktyabrsky Bridge, documents on acceptance for state security No. 288-m, No. 36);

Nizhny Novgorod slope (engineer P.D. Gotman, late 1830s, mountain slope from the St. George Tower of the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin to the ski jump complex, documents on acceptance for state protection No. 288, No. 36).

Art monuments:

bust of twice Hero of Socialist Labor N.N. Bogolyubov (sculptor V.V. Glebov, architects V.I. Fursov, G.P. Malkov, 1983, Bolshaya Pokrovskaya St., 37 (square in front of the building), document on acceptance to State Security No. 559);

high relief “Lenin and Nizhny Novgorod Marxists” (sculptors L.F. Kulakova, N.G. Chugurin, architect G.B. Shirokov, 1971, at the intersection of Bolshaya Pokrovskaya Street and Malaya Pokrovskaya Street, document on acceptance for state protection No. 559 );

monument to A.M. Gorky (sculptor V.I. Mukhina, architects A.I. Lebedev, P.P. Shteller, 1952, Gorky Square, monument of art of federal significance, documents on acceptance for state protection No. 1327, No. 176) ;

monument to the sailors of the Volga Military Flotilla (sculptor P.I. Gusev, architect B.S. Nelyubin, 1967-1977, Markin Square, document on acceptance for state protection No. 559);

monument to V.P. Chkalov (sculptor I.A. Mendelevich, architects I.G. Taranov, V.S. Andreev, 1940, Minin and Pozharsky squares, a monument of art of federal significance, documents on acceptance for state protection No. 1327, No. 176);

monument to Kozma Minin (sculptor O.K. Komov, architects E.I. Kutyrev, V.V. Voronkov, N.I. Komova, 1989, Minin and Pozharsky Square, document on acceptance for state protection No. 471);

cast iron fountain (1840s, Minin and Pozharsky squares, documents on acceptance for state protection No. 288, No. 36);

monument “Heroes and Martyrs of the Revolution of 1905” (A.A. Yakovlev, 1930, Svoboda Square, document on acceptance for state protection No. 331);

monument to P.N. Nesterov (sculptors I.M. Rukavishnikov, A.I. Rukavishnikova, architect Yu.N. Voskresensky, 1987, P.N. Nesterov Square, document on acceptance for state protection No. 471);

monument to N.A. Dobrolyubov (sculptor P.I. Gusev, architect B.S. Nelyubin, 1985, Teatralnaya Square, public garden, document on acceptance for state protection No. 471).

At the beginning of the 17th century, most of the urban population lived outside the Kremlin, in the Upper and Lower Posads, which were protected by wooden walls and earthen ramparts. Nizhny Novgorod, which played an important role in the liberation of the country from foreign intervention at the beginning XVII century, was at that time one of the first most important cities of the Moscow State. However, despite this, there were very few monumental buildings in the city.

In the scribe book of 1662 in Nizhny Novgorod, in addition to the Kremlin walls and towers, only two stone buildings were indicated: the Spassky Cathedral and the church in the Annunciation Monastery. Other buildings erected in the 14th century had turned into ruins by the 17th century.

New monumental construction began with the restoration of the Archangel Cathedral in the Kremlin. It was at this time that the cathedral tent, which has survived to this day, was erected.

It was no coincidence that the Cathedral of the Archangel Michael became the first major building after the expulsion of the interventionists. And although the choice of the saint may have been determined by dynastic considerations, the construction of the cathedral dedicated to the patron saint of the army, first of all, celebrated the victorious completion of the liberation war.

Work on the construction of the cathedral was carried out under the leadership of master Lavreny Vazoulin and his stepson Antipas and was completed in 1631. The cathedral tent is open inward. The tripartite division of the cubic base is repeated by three kokoshniks, completing each of the faces of the figure eight. Heavy and crushed details of cornices, deep niches and wide profiled frames of zakomaras and kokoshniks are very typical details of Russian architecture of the 17th century.

Assumption Church

Among the monuments of the 17th century, which were influenced by wooden architecture, a special place is occupied by the Assumption Church, built on the mountain above the Postal (former Assumption) Congress.

The stone church building was built in 1672. Based on the surviving remains and old photographs, the original appearance of this heavily rebuilt structure was partially restored.

The main part of the church consisted of a quadrangle, the walls of which ended in barrel-shaped pediments. Near the central dome, four smaller ones were placed crosswise, each of which rested on kokoshniks embedded in the end of the eight-slope roof. Thus, the church repeated the “cross-barrel, four-faced” type of ceiling, a type very common in wooden architecture, especially for completing porches.

Reproduction of the shape of a barrel in brick is known in monuments of ancient Russian architecture only in porches and above the entrance. The only example of the use of the so-called “barrel” in a stone building is the Assumption Church in Nizhny Novgorod.

Annunciation Monastery

In addition to the individual ones scattered in different places a city of works of old architecture, two 17th-century ensembles have been preserved in Nizhny Novgorod - the Annunciation and Pechersky monasteries. A characteristic feature of both monasteries is their location on the slope of the river bank, thanks to which the buildings stand out with a white three-dimensional pattern against the background of green slopes and trees of the high bank. The groups of monastery buildings stretched along the river are inextricably linked with the nature that surrounds them. The architectural forms are organically combined with the majestic panorama of the wide, powerful river.

The founding of the Annunciation Monastery goes back to ancient times. The first news about it dates back to 1229. However, to date, not a single building older than the 17th century has survived.

The central place is occupied by the five-domed cathedral, built in 1649. The low, once open gallery surrounding it brings the cathedral closer to the Upper Volga churches. The covering along the sides, the shape of the domes and domes are of an archaic nature for this time. The living quarters close the monastery courtyard to the west. Some of them with a built-in elegant bell tower have been preserved from the 17th century.

The most interesting building of the monastery is the two-roofed Assumption Church. It is remarkable for its silhouette, elegance, and the grace of skillfully made brick details.

Pechersky Monastery

The Pechersky Monastery was founded in 1328 - 1330 by the monk of the Kiev-Pechersk Monastery Dionysius, who later became one of the most prominent figures of the Nizhny Novgorod Grand Duchy. In the 16th – 17th centuries, the influence of the monastery spread far beyond the borders of the Nizhny Novgorod region.

In 1597, a very large landslide occurred, which destroyed the monastery and the six stone churches attached to it. The craftsmen called from Moscow came to the conclusion that it was impossible to restore the buildings in their original location, and the monastery was moved a kilometer closer to the city, to a more stable site, where the buildings are still located.

It is possible that the architecture of the monastery complex owes its simplicity to the desire to repeat the character and forms of structures that existed before the disaster and were hallowed by time. This was especially noticeable in the bell tower (1632). Its rectangular main mass transforms into an octagon just under the tent. The Ascension Cathedral, completed in the same 1632 by master Antipa Vazoulin, is distinguished by the same severity. A covered arched passage connects the cathedral with the Assumption Church (1648), the closed vault of which ends with a small decorative tent.

In front of the western entrance to the Ascension Cathedral, above the gates of the old monastery fence (the existing walls were built in 1765), there is the tented church of Euthymius (1642 - 1645). Based on its similarity to the architecture of the Archangel Cathedral in the Kremlin, it can be assumed that Vazoulin was also the author of the building.

The bishop's chambers were built according to the type usual for residential buildings of the 17th century. In the 18th century over central part a second floor was added to the building, surrounded by a gallery on stone columns.

"Strogonovskie" churches

Church in Gordeevka. The Strogonovs, whose surname gave the name to several architectural monuments of the late 17th - early 18th centuries in Nizhny Novgorod and Solvychegodsk, became rich in salt mining in Solvychegodsk and Perm region. At the end of the 17th century, all the possessions of the Stronov family were united in the hands of Grigory Dmitrievich Strogonov. He was close to Peter I, who corresponded with him and baptized his son.

Since the 16th century, Nizhny Novgorod has been the center of salt trade, and the Strogonovs, like other salt industrialists, had land, houses, offices and warehouses in it. Until 1703, Grigory Stroganov lived in the village of Gordeevka, now included within the city, on his suburban estate. Here in 1694 - 1697 the Church of Our Lady of Smolensk was built. The architect achieved great integrity of the architectural image in it. The main volume, completed with a five-domed structure, is significantly higher than the bell tower and the aisle attached to the north (the height of the aisle is equal to the height of the lower order of the main temple).

All the heads of the church and the chapel are made of two tiers, as is found in Moscow churches of the nineties of the 17th century. The domes of the Gordeevskaya Church are distinguished by the organic nature with which the upper tier grows out of the lower one. The old helmet-shaped domes covered with scaly green tiles are well preserved.

The walls end with stepped pediments of a complex pattern. They are designed as decorative walls rising above the roof. The shape of the pediments is determined only by the architectural design of the facades and is not connected either with the vault covering the main volume or with the constitution of the roof.

The top of the pediments ends in a white stone cap, decorated with a flat “overlaid” ornament. Along with white stone details, molded bricks were also widely used in the construction of the church. The columns, twisted columns on the bell tower, architraves and friezes of both entablatures and various profiles, most often made of stone, are made of brick. The bell tower, especially its upper tiers, has a Baroque character.

Entirely from the techniques of wooden carving come the through slots of the volutes of the stone Corinthian capitals; the holes between individual acanthus leaves seem to have been drilled out with a brace. The craftsmen who built the Gordeevskaya Church discovered an acquaintance with the order system, based on engraved tables or carved wood samples. Corinthian columns entwined with grapes, used in Gordeevka and decorating the Nativity of Stronovskaya Church in even greater numbers, became at this time characteristic feature, distinguishing the work of Russian masters.

Church of the Nativity

The construction of the Nativity Church began at the end of the 17th century. The construction was very rich. The construction and decoration of the temple, almost entirely covered with busy stone carvings, took a lot of time, so at the time of the fire of 1715 the church was still unfinished. After the fire, the temple was put in order for four years. In 1719 it was consecrated.

White stone details have almost replaced the patterned brick that was used in the decoration of Gordeevka. The walls of the Church of the Nativity are full of various reliefs and decorations. Twisted vines wrap around twisted columns in the window frames and in the third tier order. Pomegranates, pears, apples and other fruits, surrounded by flowers, protrude from the ornament.

Garlands of flowers border the window openings. Numerous cartouches, shells and scrolls create a transition from pictorial to purely architectural elements. The entire appearance of this church building is filled with motifs of joyful abundance, which sharply distinguish it from the austere simplicity of the churches of the 16th century. Covered with a vault, with windows in lunettes, the top of the Nativity Church in its external shape resembles a wooden structure.

The Strogonov Nativity Church rises on the slope of a steep mountain. Initially, there were one or two staircases leading from the ground to the open gallery of the porch, which was later built and connected into one room with the refectory.

From the outside, the church is a two-tier building with a clearly defined number of storeys: one half is built on a third tier with the center raised by another tier. This composition gives the side facade a peculiar smooth movement, corresponding to the location of the building along the river bank. The entire facade seems to be assembled from almost identical rectangles, arranged in rows horizontally or stacked on top of each other. The core of each element is the rich window frame.

The whole composition gives a gradual complication and refinement of forms as it moves upward. Narrow projections of the loosened frieze of the lower tiers support the pedestals under the upper columns, the width of the entire cornice extension. The drawing combines beauty, as well as a sober consideration of the harsh climatic conditions and the desire to protect the white stone finish from rain and melting snow.

What the interior of the church was like can be judged only by two iconostases: a stone one located in the refectory and a wooden one located in the cold church. The existing stucco ornaments and paintings were made during renovations in the 19th century.

Historical monuments XVIII century

Despite the decree of 1714, which prohibited stone construction everywhere except St. Petersburg, the construction of stone churches continued in Nizhny Novgorod. So, in 1700 - 1715, 3 churches were built, and from 1715 to 1725, 6 churches were built. Most of them did not last long and were rebuilt at the end of the 18th or 19th centuries.

In Nizhniy Novgorod church architecture the beginning of the 18th century was quite diverse. Along with the Stronov churches, five-domed or small single-domed churches were erected with details that differed little from the style of the 17th century. An equally favorite type of temple of this time were tiered ones; the best of them included the St. George Church, built in 1702.

The church was decorated with details made of white stone; the main element of the ornament were numerous shells, similar to the stone shells of the Stronov churches.

The tiered type of churches, having lost their original patterned decoration, lasted in Nizhny Novgorod throughout the 18th century and was replaced by domed Empire buildings. In addition to St. George's, the Spiritual Church (1703), Odigitrievskaya on the Ridge (1715 - 1719) and all 7 churches built in the period from 1725 to the beginning of the 19th century were tiered.

Classicism was not reflected in Nizhny Novgorod churches. The Peter and Paul Church, built in 1782, as well as the Kazan Cemetery (1794 - 1798), retain Baroque features in their details.

Historical monuments of the 19th century. In 1817, the largest fair in Russia was moved to the left bank of the Oka from the city of Makariev. In 1825, the population of Nizhny Novgorod was 16 thousand. After the fair was postponed it started faster economic development city, it begins to grow faster, and by 1841 the number of inhabitants doubles, reaching 32 thousand people. The development of the fair town on the low bank of the Oka River became an outstanding urban planning project: an artificial canal was dug and a sewerage system was created.

In 1824, a new planning project was approved, supplementing and correcting the 1770 project. All residential buildings are finally removed from the Kremlin. The largest of the city buildings - public places - turns into barracks, and Town Square– to the parade ground (1834 – 1835). The integrity of its architectural and planning concept was violated even earlier, in 1827, when instead of the second building the single-domed Assumption Church was built (1827). In addition to it, several other Empire churches were built in the 1820s, of which the bell tower of the Intercession Church (1824) was the most successful.

In 1825, a monument to Minin and Pozharsky (architect Melnikov) was erected in the Kremlin in the form of an obelisk made of pink granite. At the bottom of the monument there were gilded bronze plaques with busts of the leaders of the Nizhny Novgorod militia and winged goddesses of victory. During the same period, the building of the Noble Assembly (architect Corinthian) and the Lutheran Church (1828) were built.

In the first half of the 19th century, such famous buildings as the Stolby teahouse (architect Kiesewetter), associated with the social activities of M. Gorky, were built in Nizhny Novgorod. According to Kiesewetter's design, they were built former house Niklaus (1841), where V.I. lived in 1900. Lenin, as well as the house on Lykova Dam (1838), in which N.A.’s parents lived. Dobrolyubova.

On the outskirts modern city, formerly suburbs and settlements, villages, houses decorated with carvings and paintings are still preserved. Carved details penetrate the architecture of city houses, sometimes covering the walls with rich carvings.

Fair. At the end of the 16th – 17th century, the planning structure of Nizhny Novgorod consisted of the Upland part of the City (i.e. the Kremlin), the surrounding Upper and Lower (under the high bank) suburbs, scattered along the neighboring hills of settlements (Zaochye included Kanavinskaya Sloboda). The line of the defensive walls of the Kremlin (1500 - 1512) with numerous towers (initially there were 13; large square towers with gates alternate with smaller round ones; restoration - 1960-1970 under the leadership of S.A. Agafonov), outlines the territory in the form of an irregular triangle; in the Kremlin - cubic, completed with an 8-sided tent on a low octagonal figure, the St. Michael the Archangel Cathedral (built in 1631, in honor of the victory of the Nizhny Novgorod militia in 1612, architects L. Vozoulin and L. Konstantinov; since 1962 the ashes of Kuzma Minin have been housed in the cathedral) .

Above the banks of the Oka, between the Kremlin and the Pokhvalinsky ravine, settlement structures have been preserved. Churches: Myrrh-Bearing Wives (1649, five-domed on a high basement, the appearance was changed by alterations of the 20th century, the roof is 4-pitched, devoid of domes); Assumption on Ilyinskaya Mountain (1672), topped with 5 tiled domes on high drums, with kokoshniks at the base), as well as the famous architectural monument of Nizhny Novgorod - the Nativity Church at the Stroganov estate in the so-called Stroganov style, completed with 5 domes with patterned crosses, with an extensive 2-tier refectory, on the facades there is a rich brick decor in the form of fruit motifs, cartouches, and scrolls (1719); in the interior of the refectory there is white stone carving, in the interior of the church there is an iconostasis with fine wooden carvings, icons of the 18th century, and picturesque panels; now a museum).

The houses of the 17th - early 18th centuries have been preserved, mostly 2-story, made of brick, with windows decorated with figured frames, kokoshniks, with wooden outbuildings, porches, high roofs: Chatygina (the so-called house of Peter I, who stayed here in 1695, on his way in the Azov campaign), the Pushnikov chambers, consisting of two connected buildings built at different times, the Olisov house. On the left bank of the Oka there is a five-domed, richly decorated Stroganov-style Church of Our Lady of Smolensk at the Stroganov estate in Gordeevka (1697).

For the Upland part of the city in 1770, a radial ring plan was developed with a system of streets diverging from a trapezoidal square at the outer gates of the Kremlin. According to the revised plan, the territory of the Nizhny Novgorod Fair was included in the city limits on the left bank of the Oka, along with the Kanavinskaya Sloboda.

According to the plan of 1838, the Verkhnevolzhskaya embankment was built (at both ends - Georgievsky and Kazan congresses), on the slope - the Alexander Garden.

At the end of the 18th - first half of the 19th centuries, buildings here were built in the classicist style, in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries - in the eclectic, stylized and Art Nouveau styles. In the Nagorny part, the former house of the vice-governor (1788), the house of the pharmacist G. Evenius (1799 - 1792, architect I. Nemeyer), the seminary building (1823 - 1829), architects I.I. Mezhetsky, A.L. Leer), the Assembly of the Nobility (1826, architect I.E. Efimov; in the interior there is a small columned hall; an additional building was built in the 1860s - 1870s, the Institute of the Nobility (1840s, architect A.A. Pakhomov; on the main facade - a frieze in the form of a floral ornament depicting the coats of arms of the cities of the Nizhny Novgorod province, now a regional library) with a residential house (1836, architect I.E. Efimov), the house of Z. Dobrolyubova (1840s, architect G.I. Kizevetter, now – the House-Museum of N.A. Dobrolyubov), the governor’s house in the Kremlin (1841, architect P.D. Gotman), the house of S. Niklaus (1841, architect Kizewetter), Drama Theater (1896, architect V.A. Shreter) ; building of the City Duma (1902), architect V.P. Zeidler; main facade with three small windows, completed with a parapet with the Nizhny Novgorod coat of arms and a steep spherical roof), State Bank in neo-Russian style (1913, architect V.A. Pokrovsky; several volumes covered with roofs of various shapes; in the interior - paintings on the walls and vaults according to sketches by I.Ya. Bilibin, chandeliers, lanterns, iron bars, majolica staircase railings), the church at the New (now Old) cemetery (1916, architect Pokrovsky).

Below, on the banks of the Volga and Oka, the estates of the Stroganovs (from the 1870s - Golitsyns; 1827, architect P. Ivanov) and Golitsyns (1821 - 1837), the former Blinovsky passage in the spirit of Russian, are protected as architectural monuments architecture XVII century (last third of the 19th century), the Volga-Kama Bank in the eclectic style (1894 - 1898, architect V.P. Zeidler), the bank of the Rukavishnikov brothers in the Art Nouveau style (1908 - 1912, architect F.O. Shekhtel; sculptures above the entrance, personifying industry and agriculture, sculptor S.T.

On the Verkhnevolzhskaya embankment there is the former house of S.M. Rukavishnikov in the neo-Baroque spirit (1877, architect P.S. Boytsov; at the entrance there is a sculpture of Atlanteans and caryatids, sculptor M.O. Mikeshin); house of D.V. Sirotkin in the neoclassical style (1914 - 1916, architects - brothers L.A. and V.A. Vesnin Museum).

On the left bank of the Oka, on the territory of the Nizhny Novgorod Fair, the centric 5-domed Spassky Old Fair Cathedral (1817 - 1822, architect O. Montferrand) has not been lost, on Strelka - the Alexander Nevsky Fair Cathedral (1881, architect R.Ya. Kilevein, L.V. . Dal; restoration work has been going on since the beginning of 1990), the Main House of the Nizhny Novgorod Fair (1890; since the early 1990s - the center of the renewed exchange and fair activities.

Lik Nikolai Ivanovich (1811 - 1872?), after graduating from the Institute of Railway Corps in 1827, participated in the construction of the Svirsky northern canal. In 1837 he moved to Nizhny Novgorod to participate in engineering and urban planning work. Here Lik, according to his project, erects an earthen dam across the Pochainsky ravine instead of an ancient log bridge, called Lykova, and participates in laying the Pokhvalinsky Congress road and in filling the N.-Okskaya and N.-Volzhskaya embankments. His most significant design work can be considered the creation of the main Sofronovskaya Square at the Lower Bazaar. During the work, Lik was drafted into the active army. Serving on Black Sea coast Caucasus on the night of March 21-22, 1840, he, together with adjutant Arkhip Osipov, accomplishes a feat - he blows up Fort Mikhailovsky captured by the Shamilevites. Lik manages to escape, although he was unable to return to service.

Malinovsky Pavel Petrovich (1869 - 1943) came to Nizhny Novgorod after graduating from the Institute of Civil Engineering. Since September 1893 he has been a local city architect. The following year, Malinovsky began designing and constructing a power plant building on the square in front of the Oka pontoon bridge, overseeing the construction of a new theater, as well as the reconstruction of the Dmitrievskaya tower of the Kremlin. In 1897, the Society for the Promotion of Primary Education involved him in the design and construction of the city People's House (1899 - 1903). In 1900 - 1904, according to Malinovsky's design, the Transfiguration Cathedral was erected in Sormovo (Shcherbakova St., 15). In the Art Nouveau style, according to his designs, in 1901-1903 he built a club for engineers and employees of the Sormovo plant (now the House of Pioneers) and in 1902-1904 a school (Kominterna St., 175). Malinovsky's last work in the city was the construction of a fancy wooden building of the Commercial Summer Club on a slope (1908), the architecture of which combined Art Nouveau forms with Ropetov's saw-cut carvings of the facade decoration. In 1908, he moved to Moscow, where, after the October Revolution, he was appointed civil commissar of the Moscow Kremlin and chairman of the commission for the protection of monuments of art and antiquities of the Moscow province.

Monnerot du Maine Eduard Ivanovich (1824 - 1878), after graduating from the school of the Main Directorate of Railways, began serving as an architect's assistant in N. Novgorod in 1848. He built the barracks of the Martynovskaya public hospital and participated in many urban planning works. He is improving the Kremlin pond Sark, designing a highway from Bor to Semenov and further to Vyatka.

Nebolsin Ivan Fedorovich (1836 - 1869), after graduating from the construction school of the Main Directorate of Railways in 1857, serves as a city architect in N. Novgorod. In 1858, he repaired the Lykovaya Dam and moved the forges from here to the Volga bank near the Kazan Congress. The buildings of the Kurbatovsky plant were erected according to his designs. In 1859, Nebolsin improved the N.-Volzhskaya embankment under the slope and designed privately owned piers, including the pier of the Caucasus and Mercury campaign. Develops a project for Novaya Square. In 1859-1860, Nebolsin carried out repairs to the residential wing of the Dobrolyubovs (Lykovaya Dam, 2a). The architect's last work was the construction according to his design in 1867-1868 of a stone two-story house by M. Andreeva (Minina St., 8a).

Nikitin Alexander came to Nizhny Novgorod in 1882 after graduating from the construction school of the Main Directorate of Railways to the position of junior city architect. Since 1890 he has been diocesan architect. In 1894 - 1896, Nikitin participated in the urban planning transformation of the city and in the work on its improvement for the opening of the All-Russian Trade, Industrial and Art Exhibition. In 1899, he dismantled the high-rise bell tower (1827) of the clergy house of the fair cathedral. At the same time, Nikitin carried out repairs to the Nizhny Pasad Church of St. John the Baptist (Ivanovo Congress, 2). During these works, he resigns and leaves for Tula.

Ovsyannikov Pavel Avraamovich came to Nizhny Novgorod in 1846 at the age of 23 after graduating from the Institute of Civil Engineers. Served as a fair architect. Conducted design and estimate work at the fair. He carried out building projects for the district cities of the Nizhny Novgorod province. In 1846 - 1847, he overhauled the buildings of the Nizhny Novgorod school for children of clerical workers and the city hospital, and also developed a plan for the development of the fair. In 1849, the government decided to create the Uryupinsk South Russian Fair. Its exemplary project based on the Nizhny Novgorod shopping complex performed by Ovsyannikov. In 1857, he participated in the construction of a fair circus. In 1858 he moved to St. Petersburg.

Pakhomov Alexey Alekseevich (1815 - 1850) was born in St. Petersburg into the family of a merchant. At the age of nine he was sent to study at the Academy of Arts. After its completion in 1836, he was one of the builders of the Pulkovo Observatory. Two years later he was included in the Commission’s architects for the renewal Winter Palace. Under the leadership of A.P. Bryulov, Pakhomov restored the gallery Patriotic War 1812 and Georgievsky main hall Hermitage In 1842 he moved to Nizhny Novgorod, where he served as an assistant to the provincial architect and carried out design work for private orders. In 1843 - 1848, he designed and built the educational building of the Noble Institute on Varvaskaya Street (Figner St., 3), completed the design of building interiors for submission to the Council of the Academy of Arts for the title of Academician of Architecture. In 1844, Pakhomov built a third floor over the old tents of A. Panina (Mayakovsky St., 12) and changed their facade, rebuilding the house of M. Nesterov (Mayakovsky St., 29). After Pakhomov’s death, news came to Nizhny Novgorod that he had been awarded the title of academician.

Poltanov Alexey Nikolaevich (1876 - 1942) came to Nizhny Novgorod in 1908 after graduating from the architectural class of the Higher Art School of the Academy of Arts. He took the position of diocesan architect. Participated in the restoration of the buildings of the ancient ensemble of the Makaryev-Zheltovodsky Monastery. In 1909 he developed a project for the restoration of his Trinity Cathedral. In Nizhny Novgorod he designs and builds a manor complex in Art Nouveau forms - a residential building, services and stables (Semashko St., 9). In 1914, Poltanov participated in the construction of the house of the merchant-industrialist D.V. Sirotkin (V.-Volzhskaya embankment, 3) according to the designs of the architects Vesnin brothers, and at the same time saved from destruction the oldest log temple of the Nizhny Novgorod Volga region - the tented cathedral of Arzamas (1652) and organizes its transfer to another place - to the village of Kostylikha. After the October Revolution, Poltanov became one of the leading local architects, participated in the construction of the Nizhny Novgorod Radio Laboratory named after V.I. Lenin, and in 1829-1930 he designed and built the Sormovo House of Culture.

Pokrovsky Vladimir Aleksandrovich (1871 - 1931) arrived in Nizhny Novgorod to develop a project for a complex of State Bank buildings in 1910. He was already an academician (1907), a full member of the Council of the Academy of Arts (1909). In 1911, the foundations of the main banking building (26 Sverdlova Street) were laid, and by the end of the construction season the masonry of its walls was completed. The ticket hall of the second floor (800 sq. m.) was covered extremely boldly - without internal supports with a single vault on a concreted steel suspended mesh structure. In 1912, a two-story residential house for bank employees, courtyard stables and kitchens, as well as a brick fence were erected. The following year, a “clock bell” was built with the signs of the zodiac on the dial. In 1914, Pokrovsky, at the request of the “millionaires” Rukavishnikovs and Akifyevs, developed a project for a church complex of buildings at the Old Believer cemetery. Their construction was completed in 1916. At the same time, Pokrovsky developed a project for a complex of buildings for the Polytechnic Institute transferred to Nizhny Novgorod from Warsaw. But due to economic difficulties in the country, this project was not implemented.

Stawasser Alexander Andreevich (1822 - 1848) received his education at the Academy of Arts. In 1844, he was assigned to the position of assistant to the city architect of N. Novgorod. His first major work was the design of a three-story stone house for the builder-contractor I. Dubitsky on the street. Varvarskaya. In 1846, Stawasser built and designed the building of the 1st orphanage (Krasnoflotskaya St., 78). At the same time, he continued the construction of the Red Barracks on the N.-Volzhskaya embankment. In 1847, he submitted a competitive project to the Academy of Arts and received the title of academician.

Sultanov Vladimir Nikolaevich (1850 - 1908) arrived in Nizhny Novgorod in 1895 at the invitation of the city duma for the “restoration” and adaptation of the Dmitrievskaya tower of the Kremlin into a historical and art museum. By this time, he was considered a recognized researcher of ancient Russian architecture, restored the chambers of “Tsarevich Dmitry” in Uglich, was a member of the council of the Academy of Arts and director of the Institute of Civil Engineers. Sultanov examines in detail the ancient inventories of the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin and proposes to restore the tower in the forms of the Kitaygorod fortifications of Moscow. Sultanov took part in the discussion of projects for the reconstruction of St. Michael the Archangel Cathedral. At his request, his ancient architecture, and the things found during excavations in the cathedral were placed in the regional museum.

Evgeniy Aleksandrovich Tatarinov was first mentioned among civil engineers of N. Novgorod in 1898, when he participated in geological studies of the soil during the construction of the Church of the Savior (M. Gorky St., 177a). He is the author of the project for the first building of the provincial gymnasium (Ulyanova St., 1) and the expansion of the building of the Mariinsky Women's Gymnasium (Krasnoflotskaya St., 69). Tatarinov explores in detail the constructive, volumetric-spatial and artistic features Trinity Cathedral and the fortress walls of the Makaryev-Zheltovodsky Monastery, as well as the Gordeevskaya Church of the Stroganovs (XVII century) for the purpose of their preservation and restoration. In 1903 he moved to Ryazan.

Trambitsky Alexey Egorovich (1860 - 1922) graduated from the Academy of Arts in 1881 with the title of non-class artist, but with the right to carry out construction work. In 1884, for the project of the “Grand Duke’s country castle” he received a large gold medal from the Academy of Arts, which gave him the right to travel abroad at the expense of the treasury. Upon his return to Russia, for his work “as a pensioner” he received the title of academician. In 1889 he travels to Nizhny Novgorod for the Main House of the Nizhny Novgorod Fair, is one of the authors of its modified facades and plans, and provides temporary supervision over its construction. Since 1898, Trambitsky was the architect of the imperial theaters. Takes part in the restoration of the Nizhny Novgorod city theater after its fire.

Treiman Karl Vasilyevich (1855 - 1890) graduated from the Academy of Arts in 1878. In 1889, he took part in the competition for the design of the Main House of the Nizhny Novgorod Fair and received first prize. However, the facades and plans required clarification, so the authors of the revised project were all the architects who received competitive prizes at that time (including von Gauguin and Trambitsky). In 1894, for the opening of the All-Russian Trade, Industrial and Art Exhibition of 1896, the Nizhny Novgorod merchants commissioned Treiman to design a stock exchange building. The building was erected in the Nizhny Posad trading area (N.-Volzhskaya embankment, 16).

Turmyshev Afonasy Ermilovich (1814 - 1856) in 1836, after graduating from the Academy of Arts, came to Nizhny Novgorod to serve as an assistant to the provincial architect. In 1838, after Leer's resignation, he continued the construction of the military-governor's house-palace complex and rebuilt the building of the provincial gymnasium. Next year, according to his own design, he is building M. Vodovozova’s house in Blagoveshchenskaya Sloboda (Melnichny lane, 5). In 1841, Turmyshev was appointed provincial architect. He carries out construction work in Arzamas, Balakhna, Lukoyanov, Semyonov, Knyaginin and their districts. In 1845, Turmyshev rebuilt the stone two-story house of G. Sverchkov (Sverdlova St., 6), and three years later he designed the entrance gate to his utility yard with a bench (the premises of the future engraving workshop of Ya. M. Sverdlov’s father, now a memorial museum). This gate is an interesting example of small form architecture. At the same time, he plans on the square in front of the Oksky Bridge the Abamelek-Lazarev manor house (Mayakovsky St., 46), the facade of which still retains the features of classicism. In different parts of the city, buildings erected according to Turmyshev’s designs still exist, including the house of P. Ilyina (Minina St., 18).

Uzhumedsky-Gritsevich Nikolai Ivanovich (1822 - 1877) arrived in Nizhny Novgorod after graduating from the College of Civil Engineers in 1841. At first he was a junior engineer of the local construction committee, and after its closure he continued to serve in the Nizhny Novgorod Construction and Road Commission as a city architect. Uzhumedsky-Gritsevich carried out daily supervision of the condition of the ramps and embankments and repaired them. In 1851, he designed the house of E. Grebenshchikova in Blagoveshchnskaya Sloboda (Chernigovskaya St., 8). In 1850, he designed and built apartment buildings for the industrialists brothers Blinov, I. Sobolev, P. Bugrov, K. Michurin, S. Bubnov and others. In 1852 - 1853, for P. Bugrov, he designed and built a three-story apartment building on Blagoveshchenskaya Square ( the old building of the city theater) and a stone building with benches on the ground floor (Kozhevennaya St., 5). At the same time, Uzhumedsky-Griitsevich was actively building up M. Pokrovskaya Street. In 1852, he designed and then built the house of the former Decembrist Nizhny Novgorod and music critic A. Ulybyshev (Sverdlova St., 59), and in 1856 he built two mansions not far from it (Vorobyova St., 23/1 and 25). His most interesting work was the construction in 1856 of two wings and a merchant’s fence of the estate of the merchant of the 1st guild A. Shushlyaev (Mayakovsky St., 30 and 32). Moreover, for the first time in the city, the courtyard outbuilding was made in pseudo-Gothic forms. In 1860, Uzhumedsky-Gritsevich, according to his own design, built a hotel for the merchant I. Sobolev (Mayakovsky St., 40). Designs two commercial public buildings: one on a heaped terrace between the buildings of the 18th-century Gostiny Dvor. "Bracket" (Mayakovskogo St., 17), and the second - in the quarter of the Nikolskaya Nizhny Posad Church (Myakovskogo St., 15). In the 1860s, he built warehouses attached to each other with residential second floors for the merchant of the 1st guild F. Gushchin (Ivanovsky Congress, 3-9). Uzhumedsky-Gritsevich served in our city until 1874, after which he moved to Kazan.

From the beginning of the 1870s, Falin Fedor Nikolaevich served as the architect of the Nizhny Novgorod military Arakcheevskaya gymnasium, supervising the condition of the military barracks. Since 1872, under an agreement with the provincial authorities, he held the position of architect of the city government. In 1879, Falin designed and erected the building of Countess O. Kutaisova (now a school on M. Gorky Square), and the following year, at the request of the Bugrovs, he began construction of a rooming house (1885; Ivanovsky Congress, 2). Engineer Lieutenant Colonel Falin in 1894 was appointed city architect of the 2nd Kremlin and Makaryevskaya units. He participated in the decoration of the Obryadchikov apartment building (Ulyanova St., 2) and in the creation of a public garden opposite the building of the Noble Assembly (the site of a park with a monument to Ya. M. Sverdlov).

Fedor Petrovich Fedorov (1870 - 1941) came to Nizhny Novgorod in 1900 after graduating from the Academy of Arts. Here he built the Church of the Savior on Ostrozhnaya Street according to Kochetov’s design. The masonry of the temple walls was completed under the supervision of Fedorov in 1901. In 1902, the “freelance architect-artist” Fedorov was brought in to develop projects for the restoration of the ancient buildings of the Makaryev-Zheltovodsky Monastery. He designs and erects a new church next to the Stroganov Church in Gorodeevka. After completing this work, Fedorov returned to St. Petersburg.

Feldt Nikolai Bogdanovich (1825 - 1880), after graduating from the Institute of Railway Corps in 1849, was assigned to Nizhny Novgorod as an assistant fair architect. In 1868, Feldt, according to his design, erected a stone two-story house for its clergy near the Elias Church (Krasnoyalotskaya St., 7). In the 1860s - 1870s, he, as a local architect, together with Dahl, redeveloped the All-Estate Club (Dzerzhinsky St., 3). In 1879, Feldt designed a stone apartment house for the Murom peasant woman Mokeeva (Krutoy Lane, 1). The following year, he designed and built the house of P. Batashev on Polevaya Street, and in 1862 - the house of A. Bashkirova (Lyadova St., 5).

Von Gauguin Alexander Ivanovich (1856 - 1914) graduated from the Academy of Arts in 1882. In 1889, he took part in the competition for the design of the Main House of the Nizhny Novgorod Fair and became one of the authors of its revised project. In 1890, he supervised the artistic decoration of the building. Awarded the title of academician in 1895.

Fostikov Lev Vasilyevich (1824 - 1870) arrived in Nizhny Novgorod in 1846, after graduating from the construction school of the Main Directorate of Communications. The first major work of the city architect Fostikov was the design of apartment houses for the merchant V. Michurin (N.-Volzhskaya embankment, 1) and his wife Avdotya (Mayakovsky St., 49). Participates in the completion of the buildings of the Mariinsky Women's Institute. In 1847, Fostikov designed the apartment house of Prince B. Yusupov (Sverdlova St., 19), but during the construction process its external architectural and artistic design was changed. At the same time, he assigned a two-story stone house to the apartment building of the clergy of the St. Nicholas Verkhneposad Church (Sverdlova St., 9a). In 1852, Fostikov redesigned New Square and erected a prison company building on it (now a higher police school). In 1856 he was already a provincial architect. In 1856 - 1857, Fostikov filled the N.-Oka embankment, paved it with cobblestones, and carried out engineering protection of the slopes of the Kremlin hill under the governor's house. In 1864 he moved to Stavropol.

Frelikh Nikolai Adamovich (1826 - 1900) was appointed architectural assistant to the Nizhny Novgorod Construction and Road Commission in 1849. after graduating from the Institute of Railway Corps. Since 1856 he has been a city architect. In 1857, he organized the filling of the Mironositsky Pond, carried out the project of the Church of the Three Saints, built in 1867 at the intersection of Kanatnaya and Nemetskaya streets, and straightened Bolshaya Pokrovskaya Street at its exit to Novaya Square. In 1857 - 1860, Frelich developed a project and built a clock tower on Grebeshka - the “Muravyovskaya Tower”, as it was popularly called. In 1860, N. Lizakin designed a stone two-story house (M. Gorky St., 107). In 1867 he became the architect of the Mariinsky Women's Institute. In 1872 he was appointed district architect. The residential building is designed by A. Bugrova (N.-Volzhskaya embankment, 12). Since 1875, Fröhlich has designed buildings only for private orders. In 1879, according to his own design, he built the Alexander Almshouse with a maternity ward (42 Figner St.). In 1885 - 1887, by order of the Bugrovs and Blinovs, he developed a project and built the Widow's House (Lyadova Square, 2), and the next year he erected a stone two-story residential outbuilding with services for N. Bugrov (N.-Volzhskaya embankment, 13 ).

Tseydler Vladimir Petrovich (1857 - 1914) arrived in Nizhny Novgorod in 1894 after he was appointed by the government as the main producer of construction work at the All-Russian Trade, Industrial and Art Exhibition of 1896. He is the author of the project for its Music Pavilion. Zeidler designed and built in 1896, by order of N. Bugrov, the building of the Volzhsko-Kama Bank (Mayakovsky St., 27). The façade of the building was covered with colored glazed tiles. In 1899 - 1903 he designed the city council building. Upon completion of work in Nizhny Novgorod, Zeidler built a Commercial Bank in St. Petersburg and a church in Anapa according to his designs.

Sheffer August Ivanovich (1801 - 1850) came to Nizhny Novgorod in 1819 as one of A. Betancourt’s assistants in the construction of the fair complex. Since 1833 he was a member of the Construction Commission, and in 1836 he became an assistant to the provincial architect. Repairs the Dmitrievskaya and Ivanovskaya towers of the Kremlin, adapts the burnt out office building into a school of military cantonists. Sheffer projects on the street. B. Pokrovskaya stone building instead of a dilapidated wooden house (XVIII century) of the vice-governor. In 1838 - 1839 he carried out major renovations of the Pechersky Monastery. In 1841 - 1842, he erected brick trading buildings in the areas adjacent to the fair. Since 1848, Schaeffer was the architect of the state Pochinkovsky plant.

Shekhtel Fedor (Franz) Osipovich (1859 - 1926) is a leading master of Russian Art Nouveau, although he did not receive an architectural education. He worked as a theater decorator and book illustrator, then, becoming an assistant to architects M. S. Tersky and A. S. Kaminsky, in the 1880s he independently designed and built private apartment buildings, country dachas, theaters and bank buildings. His work reflected all the main stylistic trends of Russian architecture at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. In Nizhny Novgorod, Shekhtel designed in the 1910s in the Art Nouveau style for the industrialists Rukavishnikovs the interiors of their city house (Sverdlova St., 39a) and a bank consisting of two buildings (Mayakovskogo St., 23 and N.-Volzhskaya embankment, 11), widely using glazed ceramics, iron casting and sculpture in their art. Apparently, he was then rebuilding the first floor of Ostatoshnikova’s house (Sverdlova St., 12) to accommodate the restaurant, the façade and interiors of which have been preserved.

Viktor Aleksandrovich Schretter (1839 - 1901) was invited to Nizhny Novgorod in 1894 by the City Duma to design and build a theater building for the opening of the All-Russian Trade, Industrial and Art Exhibition of 1896. While still a student at the Academy of Arts, he studied architecture at the Berlin Building Academy, and then explored Roman arenas and theaters in Italy, France, Spain, Belgium, Switzerland, and Germany, studying their acoustic qualities. In Russia, Schrötter was appointed chief architect of the imperial theaters. He is developing 15 projects for theater buildings, including the Nizhny Novgorod one. In 1894, sketches and floor plans of the theater were approved by the City Duma. On May 15, 1896, the first performance took place on the theater stage. For the All-Russian Trade, Industrial and Art Exhibition of 1896, Schrötter designed the pavilion for the department of appanages.

Mikhail Kuzmich Yastrebov arrives in Nizhny Novgorod in 1846 from Astrakhan. His first major work was the design and supervision of the construction of a two-story stone house with basements on V.-Volzhskaya embankment. (now the Architect's House). In 1852, Yastrebov designed and built the estate house of K. Belokryltsev (Lyadova St., 43). Since 1857, Yastrebov was an architectural assistant at the Nizhny Novgorod Construction and Road Commission, but he served in it only until 1860.

Bubnov Yu. N.
"Architecture of N. Novgorod, mid-19th - early 20th centuries"

The architecture of the administrative center of the Volga Federal District, located at the confluence of the Oka and Volga rivers, is represented mainly by masterpieces of Russian architecture. Nizhny Novgorod is famous for its numerous cathedrals, but today modern complexes are also being built in the city. And in our material - the first part of the review about 25 examples of stunning architecture in Nizhny Novgorod.

2. Nizhny Novgorod Legislative Assembly

8. Rukavishnikov Estate Museum

Nizhny Novgorod is not only historical city Russia, but also one of its modern technological and innovation centers, as evidenced by the yfif article. You can learn about how things are with architecture in neighboring Kazan from recent material.

By the beginning of the 17th century. The history of Nizhny Novgorod has already spanned four centuries, so turning to its prehistory is necessary to understand the architectural and planning features of the city that had developed by that time.

Founded in 1221, Nizhny Novgorod occupied a strategically advantageous place, dominating the confluence of two great rivers of Russia - the Volga and Oka, which made it possible to keep them under the constant control of Russian squads. The center of the city was the cape of the high right bank of the Volga at the confluence of the Pochaina River, which flowed along the bottom of a deep ravine that jutted far into the mainland.

Within the boundaries of the wood-earth Kremlin fortifications already in the 13th century. The white stone Spaso-Preobrazhensky (1225) and Michael the Archangel (1227) cathedrals were erected, which testified to the special significance of Nizhny Novgorod as an outpost on the outlying lands of Vladimir-Suzdal Rus'. At the same time, construction of the surrounding areas began. On the mountain side, the Upper Posad adjoined the fortified Detinets, and along the Volga bank, under the Kremlin hill, stretched the Lower Posad with its piers, warehouses, trading and huts of working people.

In the second half of the 14th century, during the short-term heyday of the Nizhny Novgorod-Suzdal Grand Duchy, the dilapidated Spassky (1352) and Arkhangelsk (1359) cathedrals were rebuilt, and an attempt was made to replace the wood-earthen fortifications of the Kremlin with stone ones (1374). The expanded Upper Posad was outlined on the floor side by embankments, resting their ends on the steep slopes of the Volga bank. Ilyinskaya Mountain behind the Pochainsky ravine was also busy with construction *. The approaches to the city from the lower reaches of the Volga were guarded as a “guard” by the Pechersky Monastery, and at the mouth of the Oka by the Annunciation Monastery.

* (This is confirmed by archaeological excavations in the area of ​​the Myronositskaya Church, and historical certificates of the birth in its parish of major figures of that time, Nizhny Novgorod residents Macarius Zheltovodsky and Euthymius of Suzdal.)

Thus, the city-forming elements of the Nizhny Novgorod - a fortified Kremlin with two stone cathedrals, the Upper and Lower Posads, the complexes of the Pechersky and Annunciation monasteries flanking the city, took shape already in the 14th century. and remained as the main ones until the 19th century, changing only the appearance and character of the development in different historical eras.

At the beginning of the 16th century, during the final stage of the liberation of the Russian land from the constant threats of the khan’s military parishes, a stone Kremlin was erected in Nizhny Novgorod, and to protect the overgrown settlements, a third line of fortifications was cut down - the Great Fortress, which is a giant arc (1639 fathoms. ), resting its ends on the banks of the Volga and Oka.

Urban development was predominantly wooden. Thus Nizhny Novgorod entered the 17th century, and the secretary of the Persian embassy, ​​Don Juan of Persia, who visited the city in 1600, wrote in his diary: “The houses in it are wooden, like in other cities; however, it is surrounded by a stone wall.. ." * .

* (CHOOIDR. Book 1. - M., 1899, p. 10.)

Nizhny Novgorod retained its significance as a large “sovereign” fortress with a significant garrison of 500-800 people throughout the 17th century. Even in the difficult years of the “times of troubles,” the government sought opportunities to maintain the city’s defensive system in proper order. In 1618-1619 The wood and earthen fortifications of the plantings were renewed “along the old scree.” Around the Small fort with eight roadways and three blind towers, starting from the chopped St. George "tower to Pochayna, and from Pochayna to Turunov the enemy, a large ditch was dug, four fathoms wide, and two fathoms deep, sometimes larger, sometimes smaller" *. The large fort, a “standing oak fort,” also had blind and drive-through towers, connected by the walls of the walls and a ditch on the floor side. The fortifications of the Great Fort continued along the coastal edge. But by 1622, “in the lower settlement, the fort from the Church of the Nativity of Ivan the Baptist down the bank of the Oka River to the Church of Peter and Paul was completely washed out by a large hollow of water” **.

* ()

** (RIB. T. 17. - St. Petersburg, 1898, p. 16.)

The administrative and spiritual center of Nizhny Novgorod and the entire vast region in the 17th century. there remained a stone Kremlin, on the territory of which were concentrated the movable and labial huts, the mansions of the governor and the sovereign clerk, courtyards “for the seat of siege” of the tsar and boyars, monastery courtyards, two stone cathedrals, five churches, three monasteries with numerous temple, residential and utility buildings , the sovereign's living courtyard, a small trade in food supplies at the Dmitrievsky Gate and about 400 courtyards of service archers, boyar children, clerks, church clergy, trade guests and huts of working people.

If the development of the Kremlin territory was dense, then in the Upper Posad the courtyards of Nizhny Novgorod residents were interspersed with vacant lots that remained for a long time after two fires in 1617, into which, as reported to Moscow, “853 families of Posad people scattered from the city, and ... 540 people became impoverished.” *. The loss of such a significant number of tax people delayed the development of Nizhny Novgorod for many years.

* (CHOOIDR. Book 1. - M., 1909, p. 180.)

More densely, although with gaps, at the beginning of the 17th century. Nizhny Posad was built up. Residential buildings here were clustered near churches. Only bargaining under the Kremlin walls with the then indispensable churches in honor of Poraskeva-Pyatnitsa and Nikola, customs, more important, taverns, taverns, a guest courtyard for visiting merchants and rows with more than 550 trading places - benches, shelves, huts, cages, barns - was built up extremely densely and was distinguished by its special restless, noisy life.

Here, along the Volga-Oka coast along the sandy shallows, there ran a burlatsky path - a “becheva”. In addition, crossing the entire Nizhny Posad and the market, the cobbled Kozmodemyanskaya Street ran winding from the Annunciation Monastery. Through the Ivanovo Kremlin Gate, it arched along the slope to the Dmitrievsky Gate and, continuing further along stone bridge a branch archway, crossed into Bolshaya Pecherskaya Street, connecting the settlements of the Blagoveshchensky and Pechersky monasteries, located almost five kilometers away. Thus, one main intra-city highway, consisting of three components, connected all the main parts of the city.

In addition to it, there was a whole series of main streets, radiating from the Dmitrievsky Gate of the Kremlin to the chopped road towers of the Small and Large forts. Bolshaya Pecherskaya Street led to the Pechersk fortified gate, which continued further on the road to Kazan. Varvarskaya, skirting the Kovalikhinsky ravine, led to the villages of Berezopole. Bolshaya Pokrovskaya and Ilyinskaya-Yamskaya streets ran at a converging angle along the sides of the deep Pochainsky ravine and, merging behind the Bolshoy fortress, continued on the road to Moscow. All of these streets ran along the watershed lines of the urban terrain, thereby revealing the basic principle of laying out the main streets, common to the planning structures of all ancient Russian cities.

Thus, the layout of Nizhny Novgorod in the 17th century. was a radial-concentric system typical of medieval Russian cities, in which the interconnection of the lines of fortifications and the layout of the main streets was clearly visible. The Kremlin, surrounded by suburbs, occupied a central position in this system.

A special role in the development of Nizhny Novgorod at the beginning of the 17th century. played in high-rise, often tented churches. In a complex network of streets, they marked city squares, to which alleys and dead-end suburbs ran together. There were especially many temple buildings along the edge of the Oka-Volga bank. The high-rise dominants of their hipped roofs introduced rhythmic diversity into the city's silhouette and gave it a unique picturesque quality. An analysis of the placement of tent-roofed churches on the urban landscape of Nizhny Novgorod allows us to conclude that they were erected taking into account the architectural and natural environment, focusing on view areas. The Church of the Nativity “gathered” buildings along the Volga bank around itself and “raised” them onto the terrace. Assumption Church, built on highest point Ilyinskaya Mountain, dominated this part of the city and served as a high-altitude landmark, visible from the most distant approaches to Nizhny Novgorod. The Myronositskaya and St. Nicholas churches, with their confrontation on the edges of different sides of the Pochainsky ravine, not only brought diversity to the inner-city development, but were also visible from a picturesque perspective from the Nizhny and Verkhny Posads. The churches of George, Boris and Gleb, Peter and Paul, St. Nicholas at the Old Caves, built on small terraces along the Volga bank, breaking the extensive urban development into separate zones, created its unique rhythm. Double rises of temple tents and chopped bell towers, surrounded by all kinds of buildings of the Pechersky and Annunciation monasteries, seemed to flank the city from the east and west.

But the most picturesque spectacle was presented by the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin, the silhouette of which was created by numerous tents of various shapes and heights of towers, temples, bell towers and towers of boyar courtyards. To some extent, the complexity of the silhouette of the city, opening from the Volga, is conveyed by an engraving from a drawing by A. Olearius, published in 1647. In later editions of this engraving, which for some reason are published most often, the image becomes more conventional (despite all the attractiveness of the drawing ), having lost typology, proportionality and scale.

Wooden buildings for all possible purposes throughout the 17th century. remained the main ones in the development of the city. But it was stone construction, which was rare at first, and then became widespread at the turn of the 17th-18th centuries. significantly changed the architectural image of Nizhny Novgorod.

Stone work at the beginning of the 17th century. in Nizhny Novgorod began with the repair of the walls and towers of the Kremlin. In 1620-1624. the work was supervised by the apprentice Pervusha Danilov sent from Moscow. Nizhny Novgorod builders went through his mastery school. Before this, significant stone work had not been carried out in the city for several decades.

The stone work that began then in the Kremlin became, as it were, the initial stage and has not been interrupted since then throughout the 17th century. Moreover, in the first half of the century, stone construction, not counting the monastery, in Nizhny Novgorod took place exclusively on the initiative of the central government - the “sovereign treasury”. Following the renovation stone Kremlin in 1628-1631 a new Mikhailo-Arkhangelsk was erected, and in 1647-1652. - Transfiguration Cathedral. This noted not only the merit of Nizhny Novgorod in the liberation of the Russian state from the Polish-Lithuanian invaders, but also the increasing importance of the city as a commercial and industrial center of the Volga region every year.

Simultaneously with the construction of the "sovereign treasury", stone work was carried out on their territories by the Nizhny Novgorod Pechersky and Blagoveshchensky monasteries, wealthy and powerful feudal lords of the region. The ensemble of the Pechersky Monastery is of particular historical and artistic value, preserving a number of rare objects in Russian architecture of the 17th century. monuments.

In general, a distinctive feature of Nizhny Novgorod stone architecture of the first half of the 17th century. is that mainly tent-roofed churches were erected here. With their upward direction and at the same time proportionality to the person himself, they most of all corresponded to the aesthetic ideas of the Russian people. At the same time, in each building the architects created a new type of constructive and artistic solution - single-tent, double-tent compositions. The builders paid special attention to developing the silhouette and decorative decoration of the tops of the buildings, so they look more like they were created by the hand of a sculptor than an architect.

To this day, four tented temple buildings have been preserved in the city - the Archangel Cathedral, the Assumption and Evfimievskaya churches in Pechersky and the Assumption in the Annunciation Monastery. Such a number of stone tented churches of the 17th century. Currently, besides Moscow, only the city of Gorky has. This makes Nizhny Novgorod monuments especially important for studying the origins of Russian architecture.

Some stabilization of internal political life in the country by the middle of the 17th century, the remoteness of Nizhny Novgorod from the border areas, natural resources The region and the presence of convenient means of communication made it possible to develop crafts and trade in the city in peaceful conditions. Nizhny Novgorod products made of iron, wood, leather, construction timber, bread, salt, and fish were transported to many cities of Russia.

The famous Makaryevskaya Fair, officially established in 1641, had a particular influence on the development of the region’s economy: local artisans received a stable base for the wholesale sale of their goods, and merchants received extremely favorable conditions for trading activities. A new social stratum - wealthy trade and craft people - became the owner economic life cities. Tremendous wealth was concentrated in the hands of merchants, part of which they invested in the construction of stone chambers, barns, shops and churches, thus wanting to establish their new position in the public life of the Russian state.

The Church in every possible way encouraged merchants who invested in temple construction, teaching in sermons: “Prefer the building of this church of your most holy God over the buildings of your brownies, so that you will be preferred in glorification...” *. In return they promised patronage. And it was extremely necessary for the trade and craft people, since in social terms they remained the same peasants and townspeople, powerless in comparison with the sovereign's serving people, the nobles and the boyars.

* (GPB RO, Q XVII, 60, Sat. XVII century, l. 42.)

The merchants settled mainly on the Volga-Oka bank and in the area of ​​Ilyinskaya Mountain, which dominates the market and piers. Therefore, it is no coincidence that stone construction began right here and, first of all, with the replacement of the most revered parish, previously cut-down churches with more durable brick temple buildings that were not afraid of fire.

A notable place in the history of Nizhny Novgorod is occupied by the stone Posad Church of the Myrrh-Bearing Women, built in 1649. In it, Russian architecture, apparently, was the first to create a “ship” type temple with a prayer hall united strictly along the east-west axis with an altar, a refectory and a tented bell tower above the entrance. It was a utilitarian, convenient type of temple that immediately satisfied many of the social needs of the townspeople of that time.

Both warm and cold churches were located on different floors of the same building. Both had spacious refectory chambers (10.6×8.6 m) for public gatherings, and documents that were usually kept in township churches - letters of the cross, bills of sale, contract agreements, chroniclers - were safer in the stone building. Inclusion of the bell tower in temple complex created convenience for the service.

The artistic image of the building was beautifully developed. From the lower “rest” of the external porch, the barrel covering of which was supported by octagonal pillars-supports with hanging weights, the shoot led to a small open porch of the second floor. The high rise of the slender five-domed dome and the tent of the bell tower worthily completed the building, which was distinguished by the perfectly found proportions of its parts and good depiction of decorative elements.

The Myronositskaya stone church was the first to be built on the territory of the Nizhny Novgorod settlement in the 17th century. Its internal dimensions surpassed the old Kremlin cathedrals, which clearly evidenced the increased role of the posad.

The temple type with an axial construction of volumes, developed in the stone building of the Myronositsa Church in 1649, became the most common among townspeople's churches not only in Nizhny Novgorod, but also in many regions of the country.

In the second half of the 17th century. all the former wooden churches of Nizhny Posad and Ilyinskaya Gora were rebuilt one after another into stone ones, which testified to the special importance of trading, the Oka and the Volga in the life of the city. The “merchant treasury” rebuilt Nikolskaya at the auction (1656), Kozmodemyanskaya, with the “care” of Nizhny Novgorod, townsman Ivan Yazykov - Troitskaya (1663), at the expense of Gavrila Dranizhnikov - the Church of John the Baptist (1683). Many stone works were financed by Afanasy Firsovich Olisov, who built three churches and several chambers.

The influence of Russian wooden architecture on stone architecture was particularly evident in the architecture of the Assumption Church on Ilyinskaya Hill in 1672 - the only stone temple building in the country that has survived to this day, completed with a “crossed barrel with four faces.” The shape of the cross-shaped barrel has long been known to Russian carpenters, who often completed porches, monastery and estate gates, log houses of mansions and churches with it. Barrel roofs in Nizhny Novgorod in the 17th century. had the porches of the cathedral and the abbot's quarters of the Annunciation Monastery, the lower locker of the Myronositsa Church, etc.

The volume of the Assumption Church (9.5×7.1 m), elongated along the north-south axis, is covered with a four-tray closed vault. From the outside, it is hidden by keel-shaped pediments, on the ridges of which round drums with elongated bulbous heads are placed on small cross-shaped barrels in the cardinal directions. The use of one architectural form in solving different parts of the building is apparently explained by the builders’ passion for the barrel, which has streamlined, upward-pointing lines that visually increase the height of the building.

In the decoration of the top of the Assumption Church on Ilyinskaya Hill, the builders were apparently the first to use polychrome tiles in Nizhny Novgorod. Its unusual for stone temples the appearance and multi-colored decoration of the new posad church, undoubtedly, became the subject of special pride of the parishioners and the vanity of the ktitor, then just a posad man A. F. Olisov, with whose funds it was erected.

Color generally began to play in the stone townsman buildings of Nizhny Novgorod in the 17th century. special role. Polychrome tiles, gilded forged or perforated crosses, ridges, valances, domes and roofs covered with green, yellow and blue glazed tiles, multi-colored coloring of architectural profiles against the background of bleached walls created a major sound and distinguished stone buildings from the background of less noticeable, gray wooden buildings.

It should be noted that the stone architecture of Nizhny Novgorod in the 17th century, while maintaining its individuality, kept pace with all-Russian architecture. There was a very close connection between the leading Moscow school and the remote city of the Volga region. It is no coincidence that it was the people of Nizhny Novgorod who were the creators of the most notable monuments of Moscow at that time: a peasant from the Volga village of Kadnitsy, Pavel Sidorovich Potekhin, built the Trinity Church in Ostankino, which is one of the best monuments of the “Russian pattern”; a peasant from Nizhny Novgorod, Terenty Makarov, built the Church of Joasaph in 1678 -Tsarevich in the Izmailovo estate near Moscow, which opened a special direction in Russian architecture of the late 17th century.

From the middle of the 17th century. Wealthy townspeople began stone residential construction. It is generally accepted that there were few brick buildings in Nizhny Novgorod at that time *, but recent research has revealed that in the suburbs of the second half of the 17th century. many stone storerooms, barns, winter courtyards, shops, a living courtyard for visiting merchants, industrial buildings, basements under log mansions, chambers and entire ensembles with numerous residential, utility and temple buildings.

* (From the history of construction II. Novgorod - Gorky. - In the book: Streets of Gorky. Gorky, 1972, p. 12.)

Scribe book 1621-1622. has not yet recorded a single stone residential or commercial building in Nizhny Novgorod. Then only fireplaces and cookhouses in the back of courtyards were made of brick for the summer, and in government and merchant yards they built brick tents “for fire time” and stone exits near storerooms and cellars *.

* (TSGADA, f. 137, op. 1, N. Novgorod, 25, l. 351.)

But from the middle of the century, the number of stone buildings in the suburbs grew every year, and already in 1665 in Nizhny Novgorod 12 stone barns and shops, a stone customs building, “the living rooms of hundreds of Ofonasya Zadorin against the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker under the stone chamber 4 shops” were named. *, “stone courtyards and hangars for the tannery guest Semyon Zadorin” **.

* (TSGADA, f. 137, op. 1, N. Novgorod, 25, l. 364.)

** (TSGADA, f. 137, op. 1, N. Novgorod, 25, l. 282.)

Some of the guests settled on Nizhny Posad, near the piers, in order to be closer to the Volga, along which caravans of ships with goods constantly arrived. However, the noisy bustle of nearby trading forced them sometimes to choose places on the mountain where it was more spacious and the air was cleaner. The connection between Ilyinskaya Mountain and administrative center city ​​(Kremlin) and Verkhny Posad wide bridge through the Pochainsky ravine. Therefore, it is no coincidence that it is in this part of the city that three stone residential buildings from the 17th century are still preserved.

But a larger number of them still stood along the Volga-Oka coast. Stone living chambers were erected not only by Nizhny Novgorod residents, but also by visiting merchants who had permanent shops in Nizhny Novgorod, for example, Yaroslavl resident Mikhail Guryev, who had a “stone courtyard and winter quarters” in Nizhny Posad in 1674 *.

* (TSGADA, f. 137, op. 1, II. Novgorod, 32, l. 67 rev.)

On the Volga bank there were the stone chambers of the patriarch, behind which there was a courtyard of the planted industry, “there are stone chambers on it, and the patriarchal planted industrialists live in them” *. Here were also the stone barns of the sovereign's salt mines. Many stone buildings “for their own needs” in different parts of the city in the 17th century. The famous man G. D. Stroganov also rebuilt it.

* (RIB. T. 17. - St. Petersburg, 1898, p. 400.)

Sometimes stone chambers were also erected by the church clergy for “circle fees and donations.” Then the chambers, together with the stone church, created entire ensembles, and the inventories read: “... a stone church in the name of the Epiphany of the Lord, on it there are stone floors, the sexton of the same church lives in those floors...” *.

* (RIB. T. 17. - St. Petersburg, 1898, p. 432.)

After the establishment of the metropolitanate in the Nizhny Novgorod region in 1672, Metropolitan Philaret began the stone construction of his residence. By the end of the 17th century, it was already a complex ensemble with residential, utility and temple buildings, about which in 1702 the traveler Cornelius de Bruin reported that in the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin near the cathedral he saw “a large stone, well-constructed palace of the Metropolitan, in the middle of which ( rose. - N.F.) an elegant small church with a bell tower, and behind that there were two more churches, one wooden, the other stone."

* (Journey through Muscovy by Cornellius de Bruina. - M., 1873, p. 160.)

According to tradition, it was believed that living in stone chambers was “unhealthy from lime,” so wooden living parts were cut into the brick first floors. Here, for example, is a record from those years: “... wooden cells were built on stone bishop’s floors with tent roofs...” *.

* (GIM RO, f. 182, d. 47, l. 13.)

Most of the stone residential buildings of Nizhny Novgorod are from the 17th century. known from inventories, mentions in documents and old drawings, but we can still see some of them today, restored to their original appearance by the painstaking, many-year work of Gorky’s restorers.

The most common type of two-part mansion is a brick house from the 17th century. on Pochainskaya Street, the so-called House of Peter I, where, according to legend, he stayed during the Azov campaign of 1695. The house is two-story, with spacious basements under the living part, where a cargo inclined descent leads.

Another type of buildings includes Pushnikov’s stone chambers, consisting of two volumes of different times: one-story from the 17th century and two-story from the early 18th century. The ancient part of the chambers is a four-part plan with two residential upper rooms and corresponding spacious vestibules. The main, front room, located in the southwestern part of the chambers, is distinguished from the outside by a special decoration of windows in the form of keel-shaped frames made of specially molded figured bricks, and inside by a closed vault with beautifully shaped formwork. Each volumetric-spatial cell of the plan corresponds to vaulted basements. A basement was intended for merchant goods, into which an inclined descent-ramp leads from the south side. Under the front, master's chambers there is a basement with a hole through the vault directly from the upper room, in which, apparently, especially valuable family “junk” was stored.

House of the 17th century in Kruty Lane, the so-called Olisov Chambers, is a more rational solution to the internal space with a four-part plan: one cell, united by an internal space with an elongated corridor, became a vestibule, and the other three became residential. At the same time, one room (17 sq. m.) turned out to be isolated from the others by a corridor, which created additional amenities for the owners. All living spaces were illuminated by six windows, three from each facade, since with such a layout they all turned out to be corner (in Pushnikov’s chambers only one room had such lighting).

Stone both residential and temple construction in Nizhny Novgorod continued at the turn of the 17th-18th centuries, when the Annunciation Cathedral (1697), Stroganov Gordeevskaya (1697) and Nativity (1719?) churches, Sergievskaya on Petushki (1702) and St. George's tiered with white stone carved details (1702).

So, within a little over 50 years, the city appeared a large number of residential, commercial, economic and administrative (customs, Mytny Dvor) stone buildings.

All this radically changed the appearance of all the main city-forming elements of Nizhny Novgorod: the Kremlin, towns and monasteries, in which stone buildings of various purposes began to play a dominant role, distinguished by a wide variety of shapes, mastery of design, plan and artistic image.

Most of the names of the masons, blacksmiths, carpenters, ceramicists and craftsmen of other construction professions who built all this remain unknown to this day. Nevertheless, today we can name the stone mason apprentice Antipa Konstantinov, the merchant-architect Semyon Zadorin, and G. D. Stroganov, who had a special influence on the architectural transformation of Nizhny Novgorod in the 17th century.