Download the presentation on the topic of world reserves. Presentation on the topic: National parks of the world. If the reserve serves as a natural standard for obtaining scientific information, then the national park is a standard of educational information about nature.

Nature reserves of Russia

Information about several nature reserves in Russia.

• Tell your classmates about Russian nature reserves and show photographs.

• Nowadays, few people understand the importance of nature reserves and no one has ever thought about the fact that some animal species may become extinct forever.

• The Barguzinsky Nature Reserve is a nature reserve in Buryatia, located on the western slopes, at an altitude of up to 2840 m of the Barguzinsky ridge, includes the north-eastern coast of Lake Baikal and part of the water area of ​​the lake itself. The reserve (and the ridge) are named after the Barguzin River. The Barguzinsky Nature Reserve is the oldest nature reserve in Russia.

• The area of ​​the reserve is 374,322 hectares, including 15,000 hectares of protected water area.

• The Barguzinsky Nature Reserve is home to elk, musk deer, white hare, brown bear, shrew, black-capped marmot, hazel grouse - a total of 41 species of mammals. In the waters of the reserve you can find omul, whitefish, sturgeon, grayling, taimen, lenok and other species of fish.

• Founded in 1992 on the basis of the Dzherginsky state complex reserve that existed since 1974. State nature reserve"Dzherginsky" is located in the Kurumkansky district of the Republic of Buryatia. The reserve is located in the North-Eastern Baikal region at the junction of three large mountain ranges- Barguzinsky, Ikatsky and Yuzhno-Muysky ridges.

• Dzherginsky Reserve" is a state nature reserve.

• The area of ​​the reserve is 238.088 thousand hectares, of which 0.894 thousand hectares are areas occupied by water. A 2 km wide protective zone with a total area of ​​about 7.5 million hectares has been created around the reserve.

• Currently, 201 species of vertebrate animals have been recorded in the reserve: 6 species of fish, 3 amphibians, 4 reptiles, 145 birds, 43 mammals. The reserve is inhabited by elk, musk deer, wapiti, wild boar, Siberian roe deer, and rarely reindeer. .

• The forest belt is dominated by larch forests. On at the moment More than 650 species of vascular plants have been identified in the reserve. 29 species of rare and endemic plants have been identified on the territory of the reserve.

• The Baikal State Natural Biosphere Reserve was established by Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR dated September 26, 1969 No. 571 on the basis of Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic dated December 31, 1968 No. 461.

• Area - 165,724 hectares, taking into account changes introduced by the order of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR dated June 20, 1973 No. 366-r.

• There are 49 species of mammals, 251 species of birds, 6 amphibians and reptiles, and 12 fish.

• The reserve is home to 787 plant species; about 70% of the reserve’s territory is occupied by forests. The general list of rare, endemic and relict plants of the reserve is about 40 species.

• 1) From geography and biology lessons.
• 2) From the Internet.
• 3) From the book “Reserves of Russia”

"Barguzinsky Reserve" - Total area-263000 ha. Birds of prey are not uncommon in the taiga. Cedar cones. There are many bears in the reserve. The average annual temperature is minus 4.4. Pine nuts are the main food for taiga animals and birds. The Barguzinsky Nature Reserve was organized in 1916. Barguzin sable. In January the weather is calm, sunny and frosty.

“Almaty Nature Reserve” - Flora of Altyn-Emel Park. The glacier's tongue cracks into numerous blocks and quickly moves down. Zaisan was inhabited by kulans. The parent rocks are represented by loess loams, pebbles and gypsum-bearing tertiary deposits. Reptiles are represented by 25 species. The total area of ​​the park is 459,620 hectares.

“Alakol Reserve” - In total, 33 species of mammals are found in the reserve. Vegetation. People call the islands Stone. Low-carbonate sierozems are developed in the elevated parts of the Alakol Basin. The Delta section belongs to south coast lake . The foot of the hills is gravelly and pebble with loams and small salt marshes.

"Caucasian Reserve" - ​​Nature of the Caucasian Reserve. Climatic conditions. The Caucasus Nature Reserve is located in the Western Caucasus, within the Mostovsky and Maikopsky districts. The reserve has the largest scientific department in Russia (more than 30 employees at the end of 2001). Of course, the most vulnerable part of natural ecosystems are large mammals.

"Altai Nature Reserve" - ​​Iogach. Photo: A. Lotov. Yailyu. Presentation of the project before Public Council, September 13, 2007. The Altai Biosphere Reserve (core) occupies about 10% of the territory of the Altai Republic. World Object natural heritage UNESCO “Altai – Golden Mountains” (1998). Pos. Involving the local population.

“Reserves of Russia” - The flora of the reserve contains taiga, forest, oak forest and steppe elements. Reserves. There are 3 types of reptiles and 5 types of amphibians.. Located on Central Russian Upland V Lipetsk region. The publication of the study of the tract caused a sensation in scientific world. Golden Eagle on Olkhon Island. A protective zone with a total area of ​​6,213 hectares has been created around the reserve.

Why are nature reserves and national parks needed? 1. Nature reserves and national parks preserve wildlife, save a variety of species from extinction, and preserve the natural heritage of the country and the whole world. 2. Nature reserves and national parks protect areas of great conservation importance cultural heritage. 3. The protective regime of nature reserves and national parks ensures clean water, fresh air and saves other vital resources. 4. The nature of nature reserves and national parks is a repository of natural genetic material (species biological diversity). 5. Preserving a healthy environment for people to live. 6. Nature reserves and national parks make a significant contribution to the development of science, environmental education of the population, and the development of civil society. 7. Biosphere models created on the basis of nature reserves and national parks demonstrate the possibility of human development in harmony with nature. 8. Raising funds for the economy of areas adjacent to nature reserves and national parks, primarily the development of eco-tourism, ecological trails and routes, as well as the initiation of programs that combine the interests of society and nature. 9. The territory of nature reserves and national parks is a place where people can become familiar with the values ​​of pristine nature, the spiritual values ​​of their nation and all humanity. 10. Networks of nature reserves and national parks and the education system are an effective partnership for the formation of an environmental culture in society.

How many national parks and reserves are there? Currently, there are more than a thousand national parks and tens of thousands of protected areas in the world. According to rough estimates, there are about 70,000 of them, and they occupy approximately 10% of the entire landmass. In Russia there are 101 nature reserves and 43 national parks, which together cover an area of ​​sq. km (about 2% of the area of ​​the Russian Federation).

The first national parks The first state reserves protecting natural societies appeared in the 16th century. However, the first national park was discovered only at the end of the 19th century in the USA. This truly high honor was given to the unique Yellowstone Plateau, rich in geysers and hot mineral springs, where Yellowstone National Park was opened in 1872. Translated from English language means yellow stone. In the beginning, national parks were created as places to enjoy. In them, a person could strengthen his body, refresh his mind and heal his soul. In 1916, the National Park Service was created in the United States. US national parks such as the Grand Canyon, Jasper, Olympic and others are now well known outside of North America.

The first national park in the USSR, Lahemaa, was founded in 1971 in the Estonian SSR. Subsequently, the list of protected areas expanded. In the following years, the status of national parks was given to: Sochi National Park, Losiny Ostrov (1983); "Samara Luka" (1984); "Mari Chodra" (1985); Pribaikalsky National Park, Transbaikal National Park, “Elbrus Region”, “Bashkiria” (1986). The last to be included in the list were: in January 2008 “Buzuluksky Bor”, in June 2009 “Russian Arctic”, in January 2013 “Beringia”, in March 2013 “Onega Pomorie”. According to the laws of the Russian Federation, national parks are one of the types of specially protected natural areas (SPNA).

The first nature reserve in Russia, the Barguzin Nature Reserve, was founded on January 11, 1917 on the territory of Buryatia. Subsequently, the list of protected areas expanded. The oldest reserves, besides Barguzinsky, are Astrakhansky (1919), Ilmensky (1920) and Caucasian (1924). The last reserves included in the list were Erzi (2000), Kologrivsky Forest (2006) and Utrish (2010). In accordance with the action plan for the implementation of the “Concept for the development of a system of specially protected natural areas of federal significance for the period up to 2020,” it is planned to create 11 new reserves in the years, of which 2 (Ingermanland and Shaitan-Tau) in 2012. The total area of ​​the reserves in Russia is more than 340 thousand km², which is comparable to the territory of Finland. The largest of the Russian nature reserves are the Great Arctic (more than 41 thousand km²), Komandorsky (more than 36 thousand km²) and Wrangel Island (more than 22 thousand km²). The smallest nature reserves in Russia are Belogorye (more than 21 km²) and Prioksko-Terrasny and Galichya Gora (both less than 50 km²). Most of the reserves are located on the territory of the Krasnoyarsk (7), Primorsky (6) and Khabarovsk (6) territories.

Sochi National Park was created in 1983 and became one of the first national parks in Russia. On a vast territory in the mountains, the size of which reaches 190 thousand hectares, all production activities were stopped. This land was transferred to Russian citizens for recreational and tourism purposes. Sochi National Park is located in the south Krasnodar region, north of Sochi, in the foothills of the Greater Caucasus. Most of the park's territory is occupied by mountains, dissected by river valleys. The foothill zone occupies a narrow strip along the Black Sea.

About 40 rivers and streams of the Black Sea basin flow through the territory of the Sochi National Park. Their length is small; only rivers such as Mzymta, Psou and Shakhe are more than 50 kilometers long. On rivers and streams there is large number waterfalls and canyons. Waterfalls are mainly located in the upper reaches of rivers; 103 waterfalls with threshold heights from 2 to 73 meters are available for visiting.

The territory of the park itself is unique, since nowhere in Russia subtropics and highlands coexist so closely. That is why the mountainous Black Sea region is characterized by the most complex range of altitudinal zones on the territory of our country - from mountain broad-leaved forests of the foothills through mountain beech and coniferous forests to subalpine landscapes and highlands with exposed rocks and snow. The territory of the Sochi National Park is classified as the Colchis forest province with a very rich and diverse flora.

In the Sochi National Park there are about 1,500 species of native higher plants, of which 164 species are classified as trees, shrubs, subshrubs and lianas, and all the rest are classified as herbaceous plants. There are a large number of relict and endemic species. The berry yew, which is often found in the Sochi National Park, is included in the Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature. And 51 species of plants are listed in the Red Book of Russia, including yew berry, Pitsunda pine, 2 types of snowdrops, 3 types of fingerheads, 3 types of ophrys, 9 types of tryshniks, Colchian boxwood, Caucasian lily, Caucasian lyon and others.

Animal world Sochi National Park has about 80 species of mammals, about 120 species of birds, 17 species of reptiles, 9 species of amphibians, 21 species of fish. 15 species of animals are included in the Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature, including leopard, corncrake, quail, Caucasian viper, Colchis snake, Colchis toad and others. Among those species of animals that are listed in the Red Book of Russia, 10 species of mammals, 9 species of birds, 4 species of reptiles, 5 species of amphibians, 3 species of annelids, and fish - brown trout and Ukrainian lamprey - are found in the park.

On the territory of the Sochi National Park there are 114 historical and cultural monuments - these are sites of ancient people, settlements, dolmen structures, well-shaped tombs, remains of fortresses, temples, burial mounds, sacrificial stones, obelisks and military monuments.

The idea of ​​creating a national park appeared back in 1909. In 1934, Losiny Ostrov was included in the 50-kilometer " green belt» around Moscow. Most of the forest was cut down during the Great Patriotic War. In 1979, by a joint decision of the Moscow city and regional Councils of People's Deputies, Losiny Ostrov was transformed into natural park, and on August 24, 1983, by decision of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR, a national park was formed.

The Elbrus region today is one of the most significant mountain monuments nature of the Caucasus. This is the area unique landscape, where the mountains have become the cradle and refuge of many species of plants and animals, and preserving it is an integral task of the state. For this purpose, on September 22, 1986, the Elbrus Region National Park was created here.

The park is located in the mid-mountain and high-mountain zones of the Side and Main ranges of the Central Caucasus, in the territories of two administrative regions of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic - Elbrus and Zolsky. Its total area is more than one hundred thousand hectares. 62 percent of it falls on inaccessible terrain: rocks, glaciers, snow fields.

As for the flora and fauna, it also has its own characteristics. Mount Elbrus, whose peaks are covered with continuous firn (dense granular snow) and ice caps, serves as a powerful refrigerator, drying out the surrounding area. Therefore, spruce and fir, which love moisture, do not grow in the Elbrus region, but pine, birch, aspen and some other deciduous plant species predominate. The main type of vegetation cover is meadows. And the mountain slopes are covered with a dark green carpet of rhododendrons, whose pink and white flowers bloom every summer.

Barguzinsky Nature Reserve is a nature reserve in Buryatia, located on the western slopes of the Barguzinsky ridge at altitudes up to 2840 m above sea level. m., includes the northeastern coast of Lake Baikal and part of the water area of ​​the lake itself. The reserve and the ridge are named after the Barguzin River.

The reserve was created in 1916 to preserve and increase the number of Barguzin sable (Martes zibellina). At the time of its founding, there were only about sable individuals throughout the entire territory of the current reserve; currently there are 1-2 individuals per 1 km² of cedar forest. Historical center the village of Davsha, since 1999 the administration has been located in the village of Nizhneangarsk.

All natural complexes are preserved in the reserve. The Barguzinsky Nature Reserve is home to elk, musk deer, white hare, brown bear, shrew, black-capped marmot, and a total of 41 species of mammals. Baikal omul, whitefish, sturgeon, grayling, taimen, lenok and other species of fish are found in the waters of the reserve. Since 1986, it has been included in the list of UNESCO biosphere reserves.

The Astrakhan Biosphere Reserve consists of three sections - Damchiksky, Trekhizbinsky and Obzhorovsky. Their territory is located within the boundaries of Kamyzyaksky, Ikryaninsky and Volodarsky districts Astrakhan region. The total area of ​​the reserve is hectares. Marine area ha. Security zone – hectares.

The reserve was founded in 1919. In 1975, it became part of the Volga River Delta wetland sites of international importance as a waterfowl habitat under the 1971 Ramsar Convention. In 1984, it was included in the worldwide network of biosphere reserves of the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Program.

The Caucasian State Natural Biosphere Reserve is located on the northern and southern slopes of the Western Caucasus at coordinates ° north latitude and ° east longitude. This territory itself was declared a nature reserve on May 12, 1924, but the history of preserving the unique natural complex began much earlier, from the moment of the organization of the Grand Duke's "Kuban Hunt" in 1888.

Being the largest protected area of ​​the Caucasian Isthmus and the second largest in Europe, the reserve occupies the lands of the Krasnodar Territory, the Republic of Adygea and the Karachay-Cherkess Republic of the Russian Federation, and is closely adjacent to the state border with Abkhazia. Separated from the main territory, in the Khostinsky district of Sochi, the subtropical Khostinsky section of the reserve is located - the world famous yew-boxwood grove, with an area of ​​302 hectares. The total area of ​​the reserve is hectares. He's surrounded security zone, numerous reserves and natural monuments, and the Sochi National Park adjoins its southern border.

The Caucasus Nature Reserve is a rich treasure trove of biodiversity that has no analogues in Russia. It has international reference value as a site untouched nature, which has preserved pristine landscapes with unique flora and fauna. It is no coincidence that in 1979 the reserve was awarded a Certificate of inclusion in the World Natural Heritage List. The reserve received biosphere status and entered the International Network of Biosphere Reserves, and in December 1999 it was included in the list of UNESCO World Natural Heritage Sites.

Reserve SIKHOTE - ALINSKY (Russia) The initial goal of creating the reserve was the preservation and restoration of the sable, which was almost exterminated at that time. At the origins of the creation was the famous explorer of the region V.K. Arsenyev. Currently, more than 1,100 species of plants grow on the territory of the reserve, including 38 rare and endangered species (spiked yew, tall yew, Phori rhododendron, real slipper). 63 species of terrestrial mammals live here, including Red Book species: Amur tiger(21-29 individuals), goral (about 150 individuals), sika deer (individuals), Himalayan bear. 342 species of birds, 8 species of reptiles, 5 species of amphibians, and 32 species of freshwater fish have been recorded. The preservation of fauna and flora in two areas of the marine area is of great importance.

SIKHOTE-ALIN state natural biosphere reserve (territory area hectares, sea area 2.9 thousand hectares) is located in the northern part of Primorsky Krai (Terneysky and Krasnoarmeysky districts) and includes the eastern slope of the Sikhote-Alin ridge from its watershed (the highest altitude within the reserve is 1598 m above sea level) to the coast (including the coastal strip of the sea 1 km wide), as well as part of the western slope of the ridge. The reserve includes parts of three landscape districts: Terneysky (cedar-broad-leaved forests), Samargino-Dalnegorsk (in the broad-leaved-coniferous forests subzone) and Central Sikhote-Alinsky (fir-spruce forests) in the taiga subzone.

The main purpose of creating national parks and reserves is to protect living organisms teetering on the brink of extinction.

RESERVES

Nature reserves are areas of territories or water areas that are forever removed from economic use, in which they are preserved in their natural state.

Great Arctic Nature Reserve

Animal world

Flora

Birds

BARGUZINSKY RESERVE

Animal world

ASTRAKHAN RESERVE

Animal world

Flora

Birds

USSURIYSKY RESERVE

Animal world

Flora

NATIONAL PARKS OF THE WORLD

Africa Kruger National Park.

Animal world

North America. Yellowstone National Park.

Animal world

If the reserve serves as a natural standard for obtaining scientific information, then the national park is a standard of educational information about nature.

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Reserves and national parks of Russia

Nature reserves are specially protected areas or water areas where they try to preserve nature in its original form. For this purpose, any kind of economic activity and tourism.

National parks- this is almost the same as a nature reserve, but tourism is allowed in the parks.

In total, there are 101 nature reserves and 35 national parks in Russia. Most of the reserves are in the Krasnoyarsk, Primorsky and Khabarovsk territories.

The first nature reserve in Russia is the Barguzinsky Nature Reserve in Buryatia. The largest nature reserves are the Great Arctic, Komandorsky and Wrangel Island.

The first national park is Sochi National Park and " Losiny Island"in Moscow. The largest national parks: “Udege Legend”, “Yudyg Va”, “Tunkinsky”, “Vodlozersky”, Shorsky.

Wrangel Island in the Arctic Ocean between the East Siberian and Chukchi seas. Named in honor of the Russian navigator and statesman of the 19th century Ferdinand Petrovich Wrangel. The width of the island at its narrowest part is about 140 km

The Wrangel Island Nature Reserve became the first Russian Arctic Nature Reserve. The total area of ​​the reserve is 795,600 hectares, 5 miles of which surround the reserve from the sea.

The climate here is very harsh, with strong cold winds blowing here. During the period from November 22 to January 22, the sun does not rise here at all! But there is also a polar day, this is the time when the sun does not set for more than a day; it usually lasts from the 20th of May to the 20th of July.

The island is home to completely different “northern animals”, such as: arctic foxes, arctic wolves, lemmings, seals, walruses; here you can meet the owner of the island - polar bear, wolves, foxes, wolverines, and stoats are also often found

Wrangel Island is popular with both birds that permanently live here and migratory ones. Migratory birds use this carcass as a resting point during major migrations. Approximately 20 species fly to the island and live here temporarily, and the same number live permanently in the reserve.

The reserve is home to such rare bird species as white goose. Eiders, Icelandic sandpipers, tules, glaucous glaucous gulls, fork-tailed gulls, long-tailed skuas, and white owls also live here.

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