History of Soviet Black Yar Street. Black Yar is a beautiful village in Russia. Cherny Yar, district town of Astrakhan province

Black Yar, county town Astrakhan province

(in Kalmyk Yankala) is a district town in the Astrakhan province, 256 versts from the city of Astrakhan, on the right steep bank of the Volga, which is black in color. This steep bank (yar) is annually washed away during floods and collapses, as a result of which the residents of the city, at the beginning of the 19th century, were forced to move further from the shore, part of which, along with buildings, collapsed. In the city, during the reign of Mikhail Feodorovich, a small fortress was founded on this site, called the “Black Fortress”, to protect the Volga ship caravans from attacks by nomads and “lower freemen”. In the city the fort was moved to a new location and named a fortress; its inhabitants are endowed with waters up and down the Volga River for 5 versts. A small fortress existed in the second half of the 18th century. In the city it was destroyed by Stepan Razin. In the city of Chernoyarsk, the governor successfully repelled the attack of the schismatic Cossacks; in the city, Chernoyarsk residents took part in the so-called wedding riot. In the city, the city was assigned to Astrakhan, which belonged to the Kazan province, under the name of a suburb, and in the city it became part of the Astrakhan province. In the city the entire city burned down, but the following year it was rebuilt and, for safety from Kalmyk raids, surrounded by a palisade. In the city, a civil administration was established in the fortress; in the city the city is annexed to the Saratov province, and with the city it is a district town of the Astrakhan province. The fortress in the city was abolished.

Despite its location on the banks of the Volga River, Cherny Yar has never had commercial and industrial significance. 2 orthodox churches, two-year city men's school (94 students), parish men's (51) and parish women's (24) schools, parochial school (45 girls), literacy school (25 girls). In the city of residents in Ch. Yar, with the suburban Cossack village of Chernoyarsk, there were 7642. Bourgeois 5,129, Cossacks 1004, Kalmyks 174. Orthodox 7411, Lamaists 174. In the city proper there were 5264 residents (2812 men and 2452 women) . Hospital, almshouse, pharmacy, 25 shops, 1 state wine warehouse, 2 drinking establishments, 11 windmills and 4 horse, 12 forges, 1 fishing gang, 1 lamprey factory and 1 brick factory; artisans 103; charitable society, city public bank. City income in the city is 24,021 rubles, expenses are 19,707 rubles, including for the maintenance of city public (simplified) administration 2,735 rubles, for the police 2,328 rubles, for the fire brigade 1,865 rubles, for education 1,382 rubles. The main occupations of the residents are arable farming, cattle breeding and fishing. Trade is insignificant, markets are insignificant. 4 fairs, to which goods worth 322,500 rubles are brought and sold for 146,300 rubles, including cattle brought in for 226,400 rubles and sold for 119,200 rubles. The city owns 2,981 acres, including 1,909 acres under forest. Three farms are assigned to the city.

Chernoyarsk district

Chernoyarsk district located in the northwestern part of the Astrakhan province; according to Strelbitsky’s measurements, its space is 16272.8 square meters. km, and according to the Astrakhan survey department - 10055 sq. versts or 1047445 dessiatines. The district splits into two parts: one stretches in a narrow strip along the right bank of the Volga and consists of villages that appeared in the second half of the 18th century, and the second, consisting of villages lying along the Stavropol highway, began to be settled with the city by immigrants mainly from Little Russian provinces. Currently, in this area, which has gone far south to the borders of the Stavropol province, there are 18 fairly populated villages and towns, forming 7 volosts and lying among the Kalmyk nomads of the Maloderbetovsky ulus. Both parts represent steppe, but differ in both soil quality and configuration. In the northern part, starting from Sarepta to the city of Cherny Yar, there is a flat steppe, completely devoid of forest vegetation, in places, such as near the villages of Solodnikov and Vyazovka, cut through by deep ravines, in which in the spring there is a lot of water flowing into the Volga, and in the summer they almost dry, with minor streams of brackish water. To the south, the terrain changes and although it appears to be slightly hilly, the elevations are so insignificant that they do not disturb the general steppe character of the area. The villages lying along the Stavropol tract occupy the most elevated terrain of the Ch. district, the so-called Ergeni, steeply descending to the east into the Kalmyk steppe and gently to the west, to the border of the Don Army Region. This area is cut by numerous ravines, in which flowing rivers carry a lot of water in the spring, and in the summer they turn into insignificant streams, and therefore villages located far from the Volga suffer from a lack of water. At the foot of Ergeni lies a number of quite significant lakes, such as Tsatsa, near which lies a village of the same name. The height of the area occupied by the Chernoyarsk district represents a significant difference in both halves: near the banks of the Volga the height of the area is insignificant - 26 feet, but in the area along the Stavropol highway it reaches 387 feet near the village of Tundutov, and to the south near the village of Zavetnoye 532 feet above the surface of the Caspian Sea . The geological character of the steppe adjacent to the Volga is characterized by sediments of the post-Tertiary system, belonging to the so-called Caspian formation, and consists of alternating clayey and sandy layers containing fossils belonging to mollusks now living in the Caspian Sea. The most famous outcrop is located near the city of Ch. The pit is 60³/4 feet and consists, starting from the top: of yellow clayey sand 7 feet, dark clayey sand 3 1/2 feet, brown clay 3 1/2 feet, brown clay-sand layers with shells Dreyssena rostiformis, Monodaena protractra, followed by yellow sand with several layers of clay or gray sand. Below the Caspian rocks lie dark blue clays and shales. The outcrops in Ergeni consist of limestones - white, yellow and reddish in color ( maetra podolica), under which lie reddish and gray quartz sandstones, and then dark green clays with gypsum. The district is generally poor in mineral resources; near the village of Chapurniki, millstones are made from sandstones, near the village of Kamennoye Yar there is limestone, near the village of Solodniki - roofing slate, near the village of Vyazovka - selenite, and in Ergeni there are deposits of gypsum, phosphorites, millstone, various salts and partly iron ore. The most fertile soil in Ergeni consists of loess with a thin layer of chernozem containing no more than 6% humus. Along the banks of the Volga, the soil is predominantly clayey-sandy, with the exception of the area lying between the villages of Raigorod and Kolodniki, where the soil is silty-chernozem, replete with mowing, and from the village of Vyazovka to the borders of Enotaevsky district there is chernozem soil with sand or clay.

Water. The Chernoyarsk district is poorly irrigated, with the exception of the Volga; There are almost no running waters. From minor tributaries of the Volga: Sarpa carries greatest number water and during high water it connects with many lakes lying at the foot of Ergeni. The Vyazovka and Lubovka rivers, on which there are mills, originate in the Vetlyaninsky mochag (swamp); in the spring they are stormy and fast, and in the summer they are small streams with brackish water. Of the rivers originating in Ergeni, the most abundant in water are: Zagista, Tenguta and Oak Ravine, forming Lake Tengutinskoye, which merges with Lake Sarpinsky. Bolshaya and Malaya Ulasta, flowing into a fairly extensive freshwater lake- Tsatsu (with an area of ​​up to 6 sq. versts). At the base of the Ergeni there are small swampy areas (wetlands).

Climate Parts of the county are dry, hot, continental, moisture loss is negligible, in winter short-term frosts are replaced by thaws. Climatic and soil conditions cause poverty in the flora and fauna. There are almost no forests: state forests occupy only 6,052 dessiatines, of which there is planted forest in two steppe forest districts (about 34 dessiatines).

Population of Chernoyarsk district lives in 38 villages and towns, to which 215 farms are assigned. At the census of the city, there were 100,122 inhabitants in the Ch. district; in the 4 most populated villages there were from 3901 to 4813 souls, in the most sparsely populated village - 566 souls. In terms of population density, the district ranks fourth in the province; it has 8.5 inhabitants per 1 sq. mile. There were 15,416 households in the district, including 2 public ones. In the city there were 83 nobles, 39 Orthodox clergy, 10 Mohammedan clergy, 34 honorary citizens, 4 merchants, 795 burghers, 2 guilds, 85237 peasants, 1 colonists, 61 Cossacks, retired lower ranks and their families 7480, foreigners 1167. Orthodox 88729, schismatics 1842, Catholics 30, Lutherans 14, Mohammedans 3095, Lamaists 1695, Jews 4. Great Russians 45449, Little Russians 45122, Poles 30, Germans 14, Tatars 309 5, Kalmyks 1695, There are 4 Jews, and a total of 95,409 people (47,867 men, 47,542 women). Peasant owners, from the former temporarily obliged, in 7 villages - 885, owning 10,515 acres of land; former state peasants of 38 villages, 20,303 salaried souls, having 390,176 dessiatines; free cultivators 1 village of 1280 souls, with 19518 acres of land.

With an abundance of convenient land in the Chernoyarsk district, both for arable farming and for pastures, the main occupation of its residents is agriculture and cattle breeding. The peasants have 768,732 dessiatines of land, including a convenient 367,829 dessiatines, of which only 20% is used for plowing. There were 76,797 acres under crops in the city, including:

The peculiarities of grain sowing in Ch. Uyezd include a small amount of grain sown, reaching up to 4 poods per dessiatine for the main varieties of bread - rye and wheat. Ch. The district suffers, due to drought, shortage of crops; There are often years in which grain is cut for livestock feed, but in good years wheat will be produced on its own - 10 or more. Up to 3,200 gardens, under which there are 643 dessiatines, 3,948 vegetable gardens on 832 dessiatines; under melons - 2215 acres. There are 319,305 acres of hay land in Ch. Uyezd; 12,783,335 poods of hay were collected, including 44,089 dessiatines of flooded meadows, with 3,375,495 poods of hay collected from them.

Cattle breeding constitutes an important branch of the peasant economy and the predominant source of income; it contributes to the development of plagues, especially in villages located along the Stavropol highway: fish and salt are brought from the Astrakhan province, and brought from northern Caucasus forest and bread. In 1901, there were 170,295 heads of cattle, 11,318 horses, 4,170 camels, 390,688 fat-tailed sheep, 65,864 fine-wool sheep, 15,596 goats and 69,554 pigs. In villages located near the Volga, peasants are engaged in fishing, and in Little Russian villages - partly in beekeeping.

Waste fishery developed; In the city, peasants took 135 passport books and 15,641 passport forms valid for up to a year.

Handicrafts underdeveloped: in 17 villages, 922 households are occupied by them, with production worth 38,895 rubles. Crafts: tanning, sheepskin, cart-making, kibitka, cooperage, drying, wool-beating, tailoring, shoemaking, blacksmithing, making mittens, wooden cups, stuffed birds, bricks, pots and wheels.

Factory and plant industry insignificant; in the city in Ch. district there were factories with a turnover of over 1000 rubles. - 6, with 31 workers and with a production amount of 56,700 rubles, including 2 tanneries, 2 oil mills, one sawmill and 1 artificial mineral water.

There are 32 fairs in 17 villages; The main item of bargaining is livestock. Goods were brought () to all fairs for 3,329,637 rubles, and sold for 1,334,071 rubles, including cattle brought in for 1,837,024 rubles, and sold for 795,130 rubles. The most significant fairs are in the villages of Remontnoye and Zavetnoye. 1,435 certificates and tickets were issued for the right to trade and trade in the city and county. The number of taxed enterprises is 483. Auxiliary cash desk under the Aksai volost administration.

 

Coordinates: N48 4.35 E46 6.972.

The village of Cherny Yar is located on the right bank of the Lower Volga, in the north of the Astrakhan region. The date of foundation is 1627, it was then that the “Black Ostrog” fortress was founded, which was later moved and renamed the Chernoyarsk fortress due to the collapse of the coast in 1634.

In 1670, in Cherny Yar, a historic meeting between Stepan Razin’s troops and the Astrakhan archers, who went over to the side of the rebels, took place. Here, near the villages of Cherny Yar and Solodniki, the last battle of the rebels with government troops took place during the Peasant War under the leadership of Emelyan Pugachev. In 1741, the city of Cherny Yar burned down, but was rebuilt again and was surrounded by a palisade. At the beginning of the 19th century, due to intense erosion of the shore, part of the buildings of Cherny Yar collapsed, and residents had to settle further from the shore.

In 1870, a big fire broke out in Cherny Yar again when it burned out central part cities. After the fire, many brick buildings began to be erected. Mansions, shops, shops, a bakery, a teahouse, and a fire tower were built from brick.

In 1883, on his way from Siberia to settle in Astrakhan, N.G. Chernyshevsky stopped in Black Yar.

The settlement continued to develop and soon received city status, but in 1925 Cherny Yar was deprived of this status and turned into a village.

Fans of People's Artist of Russia Nadezhda Babkina know that she was born in the village of Cherny Yar.

Here is the Peter and Paul Church, built in 1741-1750. Thus, it is one of the oldest buildings in the Astrakhan region. Pilgrims know the village of Cherny Yar as the place of residence of the holy schema-youth Bogolep of Chernoyarsk. According to history, the devout boy died at the age of 7 from the plague and became the protector and patron of Black Yar. After Peter I ordered his grave to be razed to the ground (due to his popularity among the Old Believers), the village residents built stone temple and continued to worship Bogolep.

Next to the church there is an ancient cemetery where both Orthodox Cossacks and those who died not so long ago are buried. The peculiarity of the Church of Peter and Paul is that it never closed, even in Soviet time.

Cherny Yar is also of interest to archaeologists and paleontologists. In 1996, a resident of the village of Cherny Yar discovered mammoth bones under a cliff at the water's edge of the Volga River. In the same year, a paleontological expedition of the Astrakhan Museum-Reserve under the leadership of M.V. Golovachev was organized in Cherny Yar. The result of the expedition to Black Yar was a unique skeleton of a mammoth that lived here 250-300 thousand years ago. This Chernoyarsk find confirmed the fact that these ancient animals lived in the Astrakhan region. The restored complete skeleton of a mammoth is the main exhibit of the paleontological exhibition of the Astrakhan Museum of Local Lore. The height of the skeleton from Black Yar, nicknamed Musey by museum staff, is 3 meters, and the length with tusks is 5 meters and 10 centimeters.

But the discoveries didn’t stop there. In 2009, a skeleton of a prehistoric bison was found near Cherny Yar, and in 2010, scientists at the museum-reserve in the area of ​​the village of Cherny Yar again discovered fragments of the skeleton of a trogontherian elephant, or, simply, a mammoth, which were transported to the Astrakhan museum-reserve.

Also in 2009, the collection of the Astrakhan Museum-Reserve was replenished with the skull of a saiga that lived in the Black Yar region 300 thousand years ago. Paleontologists and scientists have found that the saiga has not changed at all over this period of time. Saigas are one of the few large herbivores of those times that have survived to this day. They survived mammoth and woolly rhinoceros, wild horses and aurochs.

Employees of Astrakhan local history museum They plan to expand the paleontological exhibition after the completion of a major renovation of the building. The exhibition will occupy three huge halls. The reconstructed skeletons of a mammoth and bison, found by paleontologists in the Black Yar region, will become the most impressive exhibits. A fossilized saiga skull will also take its place in the exhibition.

Of course, the village of Cherny Yar also has its own local history museum - a branch of the Astrakhan Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve. The Chernoyarsk Museum houses three exhibitions: “History of the emergence and development of Black Yar”, “ Natural features Chernoyarsk region”, “Chernoyarsk people in the Great Patriotic War”. Currently, the museum has 2,000 exhibits on the nature, history and culture of the Chernoyarsk region, various thematic exhibitions are exhibited, excursions, evenings and events are held.

The village of Cherny Yar is located on the Volga in Astrakhan region.

The name of the village of Cherny Yar is a combination of two words: one is native Russian – “black”, meaning dark color, and the other, Turkic – “yar”, which translates as “high steep bank washed away by the river”.

There is such a legend. The Astrakhan prince, returning by ship along the Volga from his trip to Nizhny Novgorod, was forced to make a stop. The prince and his retinue went ashore and they set up camp. The area was picturesque: a large green meadow surrounded by a birch grove, a steep bank above the Volga, against which river water. The shore was so steep and high that, looking down, it seemed as if the water was completely black. The prince looked at the surroundings and said: “Let there be a settlement in this place in which people will live, and they will begin to work on this fertile land. And the name of this village will be Cherny Yar.”

There is a legend among local residents that the name of the village was given in memory of a terrible event that happened in this place a long time ago. There were several houses on the river bank in which fishermen and their families lived. Merchants passed by and carried with them many expensive goods. It was already beginning to get dark, and there were rumors that robbers had appeared in these places, so the guests decided to stop for the night in a fishing village.

The hospitable hosts fed the merchants and put them to bed. The robbers knew that the merchants were staying with fishermen and had a lot of valuables with them, so they waited until the lights went out in all the windows and the people fell asleep. Robbers attacked houses, killed many people, took away wealth, and left the bodies from the steep bank into the Volga. In the morning, the survivors looked from the shore into the water and saw that it was all black with blood, and from that time the village began to be called Cherny Yar.

For a long time in Rus', the word “black” was used to describe everything incomprehensible, mysterious, and terrible. This word was often used to define the “activities” of sorcerers and witches, the belief in which Russian people have retained to this day. Consequently, Black Yar could have received such a name because sorcerers, witches and other “servants” of Satan lived in it. This version can be confirmed by legends and beliefs that describe the intrigues of sorcerers who sold their souls to the devil and received magical powers from him, who damaged livestock and sent diseases to people, as well as stories about terrible rituals performed by priests of mysterious Slavic gods and demons etc. Chernoyarsk old-timers know a lot of legends of this kind, and that is why this place is so often visited by tourists and research expeditions.

Cherny Yar is also notable for the fact that it is located in a very picturesque places on the banks of the Volga. Locals They are actively engaged in fishing, catching pike, catfish, roach and even such rare fish as sterlet. Local residents claim that A.N. once stayed in this village. Ostrovsky, who since childhood was a big fan of traveling along the Volga.

The city of Cherny Yar has been mentioned in the records of travelers since 1600; it stood on the banks of the Volga, north of Astrakhan, and was part of the system of southern fortresses to protect the Volga trade routes and trade caravans going from East to West. Several times, after bank collapses and fires, the city was moved half a mile away.

The founding date of Cherny Yar is 1627, it was then that the “Black Ostrog” fortress was founded, which was later moved and renamed the Chernoyarsk fortress due to a bank collapse in 1634. In 1670, a historical meeting between the troops of Stepan Razin and the Astrakhan archers took place in Cherny Yar who went over to the side of the rebels. Here, near the villages of Cherny Yar and Solodniki, the last battle of the rebels with government troops took place during the Peasant War under the leadership of Emelyan Pugachev. In 1741, the city of Cherny Yar burned down, but was rebuilt again and was surrounded by a palisade. At the beginning of the 19th century, due to intense erosion of the shore, part of the buildings of Cherny Yar collapsed, and residents had to settle further from the shore.

In 1870, there was another big fire in Cherny Yar, when the central part of the city burned out. After the fire, many brick buildings began to be erected: mansions, shops, benches, a bakery, a teahouse, and a fire tower. In 1883, on his way from Siberia to settle in Astrakhan, N.G. Chernyshevsky stopped in Black Yar. The settlement continued to develop and soon received city status, but in 1925 Cherny Yar was deprived of this status and turned into a village.

Pilgrims know the village of Cherny Yar as the place of residence of the holy schema-youth Bogolep of Chernoyarsk. According to history, the devout boy died at the age of 7 from the plague and became the protector and patron of Black Yar. After Peter I ordered his grave to be razed to the ground (due to his popularity among the Old Believers), the village residents built a stone temple and continued to worship Bogolep. Next to the church there is an ancient cemetery where Orthodox Cossacks are buried.

The village is of great value from the point of view of archeology and paleontology. In 1996, the bones of a mammoth were discovered here, in 2009 of a prehistoric bison, in 2010 of a trogontherian elephant. On this occasion, a branch of the Astrakhan Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve was opened in Black Yar, where 2,000 exhibits are presented.

Very little reliable information has been preserved about the temple. The most likely time of construction is the end of the 17th century. Before it, two or three more churches were built on the banks of the Volga, and all collapsed into the water or burned down. Next to the church there is an ancient cemetery where Orthodox Cossacks who died in the wars of the 19th and 20th centuries were buried. A military cross was installed for him.

The peculiarity of the Church of Peter and Paul is that it was never closed, even during Soviet times. The cemetery church in the name of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul is interesting because its floor is made of cast iron elements, perhaps this is what saved the temple from fires and has preserved it to this day. The temple has preserved ancient floors made of pieces of cast iron, and on the trays of the dome there is a unique painting from the 18th century.

The main temple shrine is the miraculous icon of the holy youth Bogolep. According to legend, his real name was Boris Ushakov. He lived only 7 years. They pray to the youth Bogolep for the health of the children.

Address: With. Cherny Yar, st. Gagarina, 73

The local history museum of the village of Cherny Yar is a branch of the Astrakhan Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve and one of the first rural museums in the Astrakhan region. The museum building itself, built in 1824, is of great historical interest. Before the 1917 revolution, this white stone two-story building housed public places, then it was converted into the district House of Culture. In 1967, on the initiative of local historian Nikifor Matyushkov, the Museum of the Defense of Black Yar in 1919 was organized here, which was later renamed the local history museum of the village. Today, the museum presents three extensive exhibitions dedicated to the history of the village: “The history of the emergence and development of Chernoyarsk Yar”, “Natural features of the Chernoyarsk region”, “Chernoyarsk people in the Great Patriotic War”.

The exhibition, dedicated to the history and life of the village of Chernoyarskaya, allows us to trace the most important stages of the history of the village, starting with the founding of the Black Ostrog fortress in 1627. Particular attention in the exhibition is paid to the architectural appearance of Black Yar in the 19th century, the culture and life of the village residents. The exhibition hall demonstrates the traditional interiors of merchant and peasant houses, including the “holy corner”, a grocery store, a merchant’s living room, a rural upper room, a cook’s room, a utility yard, and a parochial school.

The “Hall of Military Glory” is dedicated to the participation of residents of the village of Cherny Yar in the military campaigns of the Great Patriotic War. The exhibition tells about the Chernoyarsk fighter battalion, in which many young girls served, about the bombing that Black Yar suffered in 1942, about the Chernoyarsk fish factory, which supplied the army and the rear with fish products during the war years. The feat of the Chernoyarsk residents who participated in the Battle of Stalingrad deserves special attention: out of 5 thousand residents of the village, no more than two thousand returned home.

In total, the museum has more than 2,000 exhibits on the nature, history and culture of the Chernoyarsk region, various thematic exhibitions are exhibited, excursions, evenings and events are held.

Address: With. Cherny Yar, pl. Lenina, 2

Black Yar is of great interest to archaeologists and paleontologists. In 1996, a resident of the village of Cherny Yar discovered mammoth bones under a cliff at the water's edge of the Volga River. In the same year, a paleontological expedition of the Astrakhan Museum-Reserve under the leadership of M.V. Golovachev was organized in Cherny Yar. Its result was the discovery of a unique mammoth skeleton that lived here 250-300 thousand years ago. She confirmed the fact that these ancient animals lived in the Astrakhan region. The restored complete skeleton of a mammoth is the main exhibit of the paleontological exhibition of the Astrakhan Museum of Local Lore. The height of the skeleton from Cherny Yar, nicknamed Musey by museum staff, is 3 meters, and the length with tusks is more than 5 meters.

In 2009, a skeleton of a prehistoric bison was found near Cherny Yar, and in 2010, scientists at the museum-reserve in the area of ​​the village of Cherny Yar again discovered fragments of the skeleton of a trogontherian elephant, or, simply, a mammoth, which were also transported to the Astrakhan museum-reserve. Also in 2009, the collection of the Astrakhan Museum-Reserve was replenished with the skull of a saiga that lived in the Black Yar region 300 thousand years ago. Paleontologists and scientists have found that the saiga has not changed at all over this period of time. Saigas are one of the few large herbivores of those times that have survived to this day. The fossilized skull of a saiga and the reconstructed skeletons of a mammoth and bison, found by paleontologists in the Black Yar region, became the most unique exhibits. Astrakhan Museum of Local Lore.

Geography

The village is located on the right bank of the Volga, 250 km northwest of Astrakhan.

Story

Founded in 1627 on the left bank of the Volga as a fortress to protect the Volga trade route with the name “Black Ostrog”. Seven years later it was moved to the right (mountain) bank and located on a high ravine. From that time on it received the name Black Yar.

When the fortress was moved to the other side of the Volga in 1634, the Nogais living nearby called the new settlement Yankala("New town").

In 1638, the governor of Chorny Yar was Ivan Chernitsa Ivanov, son of Levontev

In the 19th century, the Cossack population of the city made up the village Chernoyarsk Astrakhan army.

People from Cherny Yar were among the first 13 families who founded the village of Nikolskoye, now the city of Ussuriysk in the Primorsky Territory.

Chronology

• 1627 - foundation of the Black Ostrog fortress.
• 1634 - the fortress was moved to its modern location (due to the collapse of the bank). The fortress received a new name - Chernoyarsk.
• 1708 - Black Yar was assigned to Astrakhan under the name “suburb” as part of the Kazan province.
• 1717 - Black Yar became part of the newly formed Astrakhan province.
• 1721 - all the archers of the city were converted to Cossacks.
• 1769 - civil rule was introduced in the fortress.
• 1782 - the city of Cherny Yar was transferred to the Saratov province.
• 1785 - the city of Cherny Yar was again included in the Astrakhan province and became the center of the Chernoyarsk district.
• 1873 - The Chernoyarsk city Cossack team was transformed into the Chernoyarsk village. The main occupation of the village residents is agriculture, cattle breeding, and fishing.
• 1897 - 4226 people live in the city, Russians (according to native language) - 4,015, Kalmyks - 87, Ukrainians - 56.
• 1899 - 7642 people lived in the city of Black Yar: 5129 townspeople, 1004 Cossacks, 174 Kalmyks.
• 1919 - Black Yar was transferred to the Tsaritsyn province.
• 1925 - Black Yar was deprived of its city status and turned into a village.
• 1928 - the village was included in the Astrakhan district from the Stalingrad province (in connection with the formation of the district).
• 1931 - the village was transferred to the Stalingrad region.
• 1947 - the village was included in the Chernoyarsk Village Council of the Astrakhan Region from the Stalingrad Region.
• 1963 - as part of the Chernoyarsk village council, it was included in the Enotaevsky district of the Astrakhan region.
• 1964 - as part of the Chernoyarsk village council, it was included in the Chernoyarsk district (district center) of the Astrakhan region.

Population

Population dynamics

Famous compatriots

• Bogolep of Chernoyarsk - holy youth-schema-monk.
• Kosich, Andrey Ivanovich - Lieutenant General.
• Babkina, Nadezhda Georgievna - singer.

Photo gallery

Road sign on the M-6 highway.

Chyorny Yar 2016 2.jpg

Chyorny Yar 2016 3.jpg

Stop "Black Yar" on the M-6 highway.

Chyorny Yar 4.jpg

View of the village of Cherny Yar from the M-6 highway.

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Notes

Links

• // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.

Excerpt characterizing Black Yar

Along the lanes of Khamovniki, the prisoners walked alone with their convoy and carts and wagons that belonged to the guards and were driving behind them; but, going out to the supply stores, they found themselves in the middle of a huge, closely moving artillery convoy, mixed with private carts.
At the bridge itself, everyone stopped, waiting for those traveling in front to advance. From the bridge, the prisoners saw endless rows of other moving convoys behind and ahead. To the right, where the Kaluga road curved past Neskuchny, disappearing into the distance, stretched endless rows of troops and convoys. These were the troops of the Beauharnais corps who came out first; back, along the embankment and through A stone bridge, Ney's troops and convoys were reaching out.
Davout's troops, to which the prisoners belonged, marched through the Crimean Ford and had already partly entered Kaluzhskaya Street. But the convoys were so stretched out that the last convoys of Beauharnais had not yet left Moscow for Kaluzhskaya Street, and the head of Ney’s troops was already leaving Bolshaya Ordynka.
Having passed the Crimean Ford, the prisoners moved a few steps at a time and stopped, and moved again, and on all sides the crews and people became more and more embarrassed. After walking for more than an hour the few hundred steps that separate the bridge from Kaluzhskaya Street, and reaching the square where Zamoskvoretsky Streets meet Kaluzhskaya, the prisoners, squeezed into a heap, stopped and stood at this intersection for several hours. From all sides one could hear the incessant roar of wheels, the trampling of feet, and incessant angry screams and curses, like the sound of the sea. Pierre stood pressed against the wall of the burnt house, listening to this sound, which in his imagination merged with the sounds of a drum.
Several captured officers, in order to get a better view, climbed onto the wall of the burnt house near which Pierre stood.
- To the people! Eka people!.. And they piled on the guns! Look: furs... - they said. “Look, you bastards, they robbed me... It’s behind him, on a cart... After all, this is from an icon, by God!.. These must be Germans.” And our man, by God!.. Oh, scoundrels!.. Look, he’s loaded down, he’s walking with force! Here they come, the droshky - and they captured it!.. See, he sat down on the chests. Fathers!.. We got into a fight!..
- So hit him in the face, in the face! You won't be able to wait until evening. Look, look... and this is probably Napoleon himself. You see, what horses! in monograms with a crown. This is a folding house. He dropped the bag and can't see it. They fought again... A woman with a child, and not bad at all. Yes, of course, they will let you through... Look, there is no end. Russian girls, by God, girls! They are so comfortable in the strollers!
Again, a wave of general curiosity, as near the church in Khamovniki, pushed all the prisoners towards the road, and Pierre, thanks to his height, saw over the heads of others what had so attracted the curiosity of the prisoners. In three strollers, mixed between the charging boxes, women rode, sitting closely on top of each other, dressed up, in bright colors, rouged, shouting something in squeaky voices.
From the moment Pierre became aware of the appearance of a mysterious force, nothing seemed strange or scary to him: not the corpse smeared with soot for fun, not these women hurrying somewhere, not the conflagrations of Moscow. Everything that Pierre now saw made almost no impression on him - as if his soul, preparing for a difficult struggle, refused to accept impressions that could weaken it.
The train of women has passed. Behind him were again carts, soldiers, wagons, soldiers, decks, carriages, soldiers, boxes, soldiers, and occasionally women.
Pierre did not see people separately, but saw them moving.
All these people and horses seemed to be being chased by some invisible force. All of them, during the hour during which Pierre observed them, emerged from different streets with the same desire to pass quickly; All of them equally, when confronted with others, began to get angry and fight; white teeth were bared, eyebrows frowned, the same curses were thrown around, and on all faces there was the same youthfully determined and cruelly cold expression, which struck Pierre in the morning at the sound of a drum on the corporal’s face.
Just before evening, the guard commander gathered his team and, shouting and arguing, squeezed into the convoys, and the prisoners, surrounded on all sides, went out onto the Kaluga road.
They walked very quickly, without resting, and stopped only when the sun began to set. The convoys moved one on top of the other, and people began to prepare for the night. Everyone seemed angry and unhappy. For a long time, curses, angry screams and fights were heard from different sides. The carriage driving behind the guards approached the guards' carriage and pierced it with its drawbar. Several soldiers from different directions ran to the cart; some hit the heads of the horses harnessed to the carriage, turning them over, others fought among themselves, and Pierre saw that one German was seriously wounded in the head with a cleaver.
It seemed that all these people now, when they stopped in the middle of a field in the cold twilight of an autumn evening, experienced the same feeling of an unpleasant awakening from the haste that gripped everyone as they left and the rapid movement somewhere. Having stopped, everyone seemed to understand that it was still unknown where they were going, and that this movement would be a lot of hard and difficult things.
The prisoners at this halt were treated even worse by the guards than during the march. At this halt, for the first time, the meat food of the prisoners was given out as horse meat.
From the officers to the last soldier, it was noticeable in everyone what seemed to be personal bitterness against each of the prisoners, which had so unexpectedly replaced previously friendly relations.
This anger intensified even more when, when counting the prisoners, it turned out that during the bustle, leaving Moscow, one Russian soldier, pretending to be sick from the stomach, fled. Pierre saw how a Frenchman beat a Russian soldier for moving far from the road, and heard how the captain, his friend, reprimanded the non-commissioned officer for the escape of the Russian soldier and threatened him with justice. In response to the non-commissioned officer's excuse that the soldier was sick and could not walk, the officer said that he had been ordered to shoot those who lag behind. Pierre felt that the fatal force that had crushed him during his execution and which had been invisible during captivity had now again taken possession of his existence. He was scared; but he felt how, as the fatal force made efforts to crush him, a life force independent of it grew and strengthened in his soul.