Slide 3

• The surface of Cuba is characterized by lowlands located on limestone deposits of the Tertiary period. In the southwestern part of Cuba, the relief changes: the Sierra Maestra mountain range, consisting of masses of volcanic origin, stretches along the coast.
• The highest point of the island is also located here - Turkino Peak (1974 m above sea level). In the area of ​​the Zapata Peninsula there are extensive swampy lowlands. An important element of the coast are coral reefs, atolls and numerous small islands. The length of Cuban reefs ranks third in the world. The island of Cuba is dominated by picturesque limestone lowlands, and only small areas in the southwest, northwest and central part of the island are occupied by mountain ranges.

Slide 4

Political structure

• The highest body of state power of the Republic of Cuba is the National Assembly of People's Power, elected for five years, endowed with legislative rights. The National Assembly elects the Council of State from among its deputies. The highest executive body is the Council of Ministers. The Chairman of the State Council and the Council of Ministers is the head of state. Administratively, Cuba is divided into 14 provinces, which in turn are divided into 169 municipalities, one of which, Juventud, is centrally subordinate.
• A popular slogan in Cuba is: “The power of the people is really power!” ".
• The highest governing force of Cuban society and state is the Communist Party of Cuba.

Slide 5

Flag

• The triangle is a symbol of freedom, equality and fraternity, and the three blue stripes represent the three parts into which the Spaniards divided Cuba. The white color symbolizes the purity of the revolutionaries' aspirations and justice, the red color symbolizes the blood shed in the struggle for independence.

Slide 6

Coat of arms

• The national coat of arms represents the island. It is designed like a leather shield and is divided into three sections. In its horizontal upper part there is a golden key between two mountains, the sun rising over the sea - which represents in symbolic form the position of Cuba in the Gulf - Cuba is the key to the Gulf of Mexico, between the two Americas. The blue and white stripes at the bottom left represent the state's island position during the colonial period. Right side, Cuban landscape, royal palm - a symbol of the unbending character of the Cuban people.

Slide 7

Minerals

• According to its tectonic structure, Cuba is included in the Antilles-Caribbean region of the Cordillera fold belt. At the same time, it combines the folded structures of the island arcs of the Antilles and subplatform areas. Particularly characteristic of Cuba is the wide distribution of young limestones. Currently, Cuba is in a zone of high seismicity (up to 7 points). The now highly depleted copper deposits are associated with the folded structures. There are also manganese ores, and bauxite deposits are also possible. But the main mineral wealth of Cuba of world importance is its reserves of nickel ores combined with cobalt. Cuba is well endowed with raw materials for the building materials industry. Some coastal areas show signs of oil potential. The almost complete absence of fuel and energy resources creates great difficulties for economic development.

Slide 8

Economy of Cuba. Positive aspects

• The main sector of the Cuban economy is the sugar industry. There are about 170 sugar processing factories in the country.
• There are enterprises of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, mechanical engineering, chemical industry, and two oil refineries. Light and food industries are developed. The famous Cuban cigars are produced by 6 tobacco factories.
• An important source of income is international tourism. The share of the mining industry in GDP is 3%. Cuba ranks fifth in the world in terms of nickel ore reserves. Cobalt ore accounts for 26% of the world's reserves.

Slide 9

Cuban economy. Negative aspects

• Due to the US embargo, there is no access to important markets and investments.
• Acute shortage of foreign currency.
• Fluctuations in world prices for sugar and nickel.
• Complicated trade restrictions and lack of legal regulations hinder investment.
• Poor infrastructure.
• Shortage of fuel, fertilizers and spare parts.

Slide 10

• The climatic conditions and resources of Cuba are determined, first of all, by the location of the territory directly south of the tropics, among the Atlantic Ocean, as well as by the passage of warm currents near the island that form the Gulf Stream. Cuba has enormous thermal resources of solar heat. Average monthly temperatures on the plains are always high: in January 22.5°, in August 27.8°. But the fluctuations in temperature extremes are quite significant. The average maximum temperature on the plains exceeds 30°C.

Slide 11

Humidity

• Relatively high annual precipitation is 1380 mm. The year is divided not into 4 seasons, but into 2 seasons - dry, rainy. The rainy season usually lasts from May to October. The dry season usually begins in November and ends in April. This is the period of greatest economic activity, as it is the season for cutting and processing sugar cane. High humidity is typical for the climatic conditions of all regions of the country. Average relative air humidity is 79%. In combination with constant high temperatures, very high air humidity has a generally unfavorable effect. Humidity oppresses a person. The climate of Cuba requires special treatment (tropicalization) of all industrial products and structures. In general, the climatic conditions in Cuba are much more favorable than in most other, especially continental tropical countries.

Slide 12

Animal world

• Due to its island position, the fauna of Cuba is quite poor. In addition, it has suffered greatly as a result of human economic activity. There are no predatory animals or poisonous snakes in Cuba, there are many bats, a very rich species composition of birds, insects and terrestrial mollusks, a diverse species composition of fish, sea turtles, a lot of shrimp and lobsters.

Slide 13

Tobacco production

• Since the 17th century, the production of first-class tobacco has become an important specialization of Cuba. Cuban cigars are famous all over the world.

Slide 14

• Main religion: Catholicism, various African religions are common.
• Holidays
• January 1-2 - Liberation Day (victory of the Cuban revolution in 1959).
• May 1 - International Workers' Day, Labor Day.
• July 26 is National Uprising Day (attack on the Moncada barracks in Santiago de Cuba; July 25 and 27 are also public holidays).
• October 10 - Anniversary of the beginning of the wars for independence from Spanish rule, Cuban Culture Day.
• December 25 - Christmas.

Slide 15

History of Cuba

• The settlement of Cuba began in the fourth millennium BC. Apparently, the first inhabitants of the island moved there from South and Central America. The Indians knew agriculture, grew corn and other food crops, hunted birds, rodents, and caught turtles and fish.
• By the time of the Spanish conquest of Cuba at the beginning of the 16th century, the bulk of the Indians lived in conditions of the decomposition of the primitive communal system. On October 28, 1492, Columbus's first expedition, which set off in search of rich overseas lands and marked the beginning of the Age of Discovery, reached the northeastern coast of Cuba. On the same day, he wrote in his diary that the eyes of man had never seen a more beautiful island than this. In 1510, the Spanish colonization of Cuba began. By 1514, the Spaniards had founded seven cities from the first capital of Baracoa in the far east to Havana. Later, all of them, except Baracoa, changed their location. The colonization of the island was accompanied by the almost complete destruction of the Indians. They offered heroic resistance to the Spaniards under the leadership of their leaders - Atuey and Guama.

Slide 16

Suppressed revolution

• In the life of each country there are several names and dates with which the most glorious pages of history are associated. One of these milestones in Cuban history is October 10, 1868, when the patriot Carlos Manuel De Cespedes raised all his compatriots to revolt against the rule of Spain. For ten years, from 1868 to 1878, Cuban rebels fought the Spanish under the slogan “Independence or Death!” On April 10, 1869, the first Constitution of Cuba was adopted. She proclaimed the freedom of black slaves. Many thousands of blacks became rebels. But Cuba could not win. Among the reasons for the defeat were the inconsistency of leaders, the heterogeneity of the rebels and the disunity of different regions of the country. In addition, the Spaniards had approximately 20 times more troops than the rebels.

Slide 17

End of Spanish rule

• Cuban patriots did not stop fighting for independence. The ideologist, organizer and inspirer of this struggle was José Martí. In 1892, he created the first revolutionary party. In April 1895, Jose Martí's troops landed in Cuba and launched active military operations. On May 19, Jose died in a battle with the Spaniards. But the struggle continued, covering more and more areas of the country. On September 16, 1895, the rebels proclaimed the creation of the Cuban Republic and its separation from Spain. The war of 1895-1898 was a difficult test for the Cuban people.

Slide 18

• As a result of the coup d'etat on March 10, 1952, Fulgencio Batista came to power in Cuba and established a military-police dictatorship in the country. The coup caused discontent among progressive-minded youth, the most radical group of which was led by a young lawyer and aspiring politician Fidel Castro Ruz. On July 26, 1953, a group of rebels, counting on the support of the broad masses, led by Fidel Castro, stormed the fortified Moncada barracks in Santiago de Cuba. After a two-hour battle, the rebel detachment was defeated, many revolutionaries were killed, and the rest were put on trial. Although all the defendants received long prison sentences (Fidel Castro was sentenced to 15 years), under public pressure Batista was soon forced to grant amnesty to the rebels.

Slide 19

M - 26

• The Castro brothers emigrated to Mexico, where they did not abandon their plans to overthrow the Batista dictatorship and began to create an organization for future revolutionary action, known as M-26. In Mexico, by that time there had been a meeting between Castro and Ernesto Guevara, who joined the ranks of M-26.
• Flag of the 26 July Movement

Slide 20

The first steps of the revolution

• During the first three months, the position of the revolutionaries remained critical, but they managed to win the trust of the inhabitants of the region and organize significant military pressure on local military garrisons. In addition to conducting combat operations in rural areas, M-26, with the help of sympathetic elements in the student community and the armed forces, organized several performances in cities, which, however, were of little significance. The rebels were greatly helped by the fact that the Batista government during this period of time was in strained relations with Cuba's main economic partner and military supplier of that time, the United States.

Slide 21

• In the summer of 1958, the strategic initiative passed to the side of the revolutionaries. By the fall, the provinces of Oriente and Las Villas were almost entirely under the control of the rebels. On January 1, 1959, rebel troops entered Santiago, while in the west, rebels led by Che Guevara captured the city of Santa Clara. Although the situation did not yet seem catastrophic for the regime, on the same day Batista left the island, after which the administration he left virtually ceased to exist. On January 2, rebel troops entered Havana, and on January 6, Fidel Castro solemnly arrived in the capital.

Slide 22

• The Cuban Revolution, already at its initial stage, completely restored national sovereignty, destroyed the bourgeois state apparatus, eliminated the omnipotence of the US monopolies and the regime of exploitation of the working people of town and countryside. In 1959 - 1960, Cuba carried out the nationalization of industry, transport, banks, trade, as well as measures were taken to eliminate unemployment, transfer housing to workers and improve their working and living conditions.

Slide 23

• Cuba has achieved enormous, universally recognized successes in the social field. In December 1875, the first congress of the Communist Party of Cuba took place in Havana. On February 24, 1976, the constitution of socialist Cuba came into force. In 1978, the 11th World Festival of Youth and Students was held in Cuba; in 1980, the first Cuban astronaut flew into space. US plans to isolate Cuba have failed. Cuba maintains diplomatic relations with more than 100 countries.

Slide 24

• Cuba and the Cuban people have gone through a long and difficult path of development from the primitive communal system of the pre-Columbian era to becoming the first socialist state in the Western Hemisphere. The Cuban nation was formed from heterogeneous ethnic elements in the process of economic development, long battles against the Spanish conquerors, and, since the end of the 19th century, against the rule of American imperialism and reactionary regimes.

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Presentation on the topic: Cuba

Slide no. 1

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Slide no. 2

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The area of ​​the Republic of Cuba is 111,000 square meters. km., including the island of Cuba - the largest in the West Indies and which gave its name to the entire country. In the south, Cuba is washed by the waters of the Caribbean Sea. The Bahamas border Cuba to the northeast, Haiti, Jamaica and the Cayman Islands to the south, the Yucatan Strait to the west separates it from Mexico, and the Strait of Florida to the north from the United States of America. The island of Cuba stretches along the equator for 1200 km, its width ranges from 30 to 190 km. An important element of the coast are coral reefs, atolls and numerous small islands. The length of Cuban reefs ranks third in the world.

Slide no. 3

Slide description:

The surface of Cuba is characterized by lowlands located on limestone deposits of the Tertiary period. In the southwestern part of Cuba, the relief changes: the Sierra Maestra mountain range, consisting of masses of volcanic origin, stretches along the coast. The highest point of the island is also located here - Turkino Peak (1974 m above sea level). In the area of ​​the Zapata Peninsula there are extensive swampy lowlands. An important element of the coast are coral reefs, atolls and numerous small islands. The length of Cuban reefs ranks third in the world. The island of Cuba is dominated by picturesque limestone lowlands, and only small areas in the southwest, northwest and central part of the island are occupied by mountain ranges.

Slide no. 4

Slide description:

Political structure The highest body of state power of the Republic of Cuba is the National Assembly of People's Power, elected for five years, endowed with legislative rights. The National Assembly elects the Council of State from among its deputies. The highest executive body is the Council of Ministers. The Chairman of the State Council and the Council of Ministers is the head of state. Administratively, Cuba is divided into 14 provinces, which in turn are divided into 169 municipalities, one of which, Juventud, is centrally subordinate. A popular slogan in Cuba is: “The power of the people is really power!” " The highest governing force of Cuban society and state is the Communist Party of Cuba.

Slide no. 5

Slide description:

The Triangle flag is a symbol of freedom, equality and fraternity, and the three blue stripes represent the three parts into which the Spaniards divided Cuba. The white color symbolizes the purity of the revolutionaries' aspirations and justice, the red color symbolizes the blood shed in the struggle for independence.

Slide no. 6

Slide description:

Coat of Arms The national coat of arms represents the island. It is designed like a leather shield and is divided into three sections. In its horizontal upper part there is a golden key between two mountains, the sun rising over the sea - which represents in symbolic form the position of Cuba in the Gulf - Cuba is the key to the Gulf of Mexico, between the two Americas. The blue and white stripes at the bottom left represent the state's island position during the colonial period. Right side, Cuban landscape, royal palm - a symbol of the unbending character of the Cuban people.

Slide no. 7

Slide description:

Minerals According to the tectonic structure, Cuba is included in the Antilles-Caribbean region of the Cordillera fold belt. At the same time, it combines the folded structures of the island arcs of the Antilles and subplatform areas. Particularly characteristic of Cuba is the wide distribution of young limestones. Currently, Cuba is in a zone of high seismicity (up to 7 points). The now highly depleted copper deposits are associated with the folded structures. There are also manganese ores, and bauxite deposits are also possible. But the main mineral wealth of Cuba of world importance is its reserves of nickel ores combined with cobalt. Cuba is well endowed with raw materials for the building materials industry. Some coastal areas show signs of oil potential. The almost complete absence of fuel and energy resources creates great difficulties for economic development.

Slide no. 8

Slide description:

Economy of Cuba. Positive aspects. The main sector of the Cuban economy is the sugar industry. There are about 170 sugar processing factories in the country. There are enterprises of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, mechanical engineering, chemical industry, and two oil refineries. Light and food industries are developed. The famous Cuban cigars are produced by 6 tobacco factories. An important source of income is international tourism. The share of the mining industry in GDP is 3%. Cuba ranks fifth in the world in terms of nickel ore reserves. Cobalt ore accounts for 26% of the world's reserves.

Slide no. 9

Slide description:

Economy of Cuba. Negative aspects. Due to the US embargo, there is no access to important markets and investments. Acute shortage of foreign currency. Fluctuations in world prices for sugar and nickel. Complicated trade restrictions and lack of legal regulations hinder investment. Poor infrastructure. Shortage of fuel, fertilizers and spare parts.

Slide no. 10

Slide description:

The climatic conditions and resources of Cuba are determined, first of all, by the location of the territory directly south of the tropics, among the Atlantic Ocean, as well as by the passage of warm currents near the island that form the Gulf Stream. Cuba has enormous thermal resources of solar heat. Average monthly temperatures on the plains are always high: in January 22.5, in August 27.8. But the fluctuations in temperature extremes are quite significant. The average maximum temperature on the plains exceeds 30.

Slide no. 11

Slide description:

Humidity Relatively high annual precipitation – 1380mm. The year is divided not into 4 seasons, but into 2 seasons - dry, rainy. The rainy season usually lasts from May to October. The dry season usually begins in November and ends in April. This is the period of greatest economic activity, as it is the season for cutting and processing sugar cane. High humidity is typical for the climatic conditions of all regions of the country. Average relative air humidity is 79%. In combination with constant high temperatures, very high air humidity has a generally unfavorable effect. Humidity oppresses a person. The climate of Cuba requires special treatment (tropicalization) of all industrial products and structures. In general, the climatic conditions in Cuba are much more favorable than in most other, especially continental tropical countries.

Slide no. 12

Slide description:

Fauna The fauna of Cuba due to its island position is quite poor. In addition, it has suffered greatly as a result of human economic activity. There are no predatory animals or poisonous snakes in Cuba, there are many bats, a very rich species composition of birds, insects and terrestrial mollusks, a diverse species composition of fish, sea turtles, a lot of shrimp and lobsters.

Slide no. 13

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Slide no. 14

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Main religion: Catholicism, various African religions are common. Holidays January 1-2 - Liberation Day (victory of the Cuban revolution in 1959). May 1 - International Workers' Day, Labor Day. July 26 is National Uprising Day (attack on the Moncada barracks in Santiago de Cuba; July 25 and 27 are also public holidays). October 10 - Anniversary of the beginning of the wars for independence from Spanish rule, Cuban Culture Day. December 25 - Christmas.

Slide no. 15

Slide description:

History of Cuba The settlement of Cuba began in the fourth millennium BC. Apparently, the first inhabitants of the island moved there from South and Central America. The Indians knew agriculture, grew corn and other food crops, hunted birds, rodents, and caught turtles and fish. By the time of the Spanish conquest of Cuba at the beginning of the 16th century, the bulk of the Indians lived in conditions of the decomposition of the primitive communal system. On October 28, 1492, Columbus's first expedition, which set off in search of rich overseas lands and marked the beginning of the Age of Discovery, reached the northeastern coast of Cuba. On the same day, he wrote in his diary that the eyes of man had never seen a more beautiful island than this. In 1510, the Spanish colonization of Cuba began. By 1514, the Spaniards had founded seven cities from the first capital of Baracoa in the far east to Havana. Later, all of them, except Baracoa, changed their location. The colonization of the island was accompanied by the almost complete destruction of the Indians. They offered heroic resistance to the Spaniards under the leadership of their leaders - Atuey and Guama.

Slide no. 16

Slide description:

Suppressed Revolution In the life of every country there are several names and dates with which the most glorious pages of history are associated. One of these milestones in Cuban history is October 10, 1868, when the patriot Carlos Manuel De Cespedes raised all his compatriots to revolt against the rule of Spain. For ten years, from 1868 to 1878, Cuban rebels fought the Spanish under the slogan “Independence or Death!” On April 10, 1869, the first Constitution of Cuba was adopted. She proclaimed the freedom of black slaves. Many thousands of blacks became rebels. But Cuba could not win. Among the reasons for the defeat were the inconsistency of leaders, the heterogeneity of the rebels and the disunity of different regions of the country. In addition, the Spaniards had approximately 20 times more troops than the rebels.

Slide no. 17

Slide description:

The end of Spanish domination Cuban patriots did not stop fighting for independence. The ideologist, organizer and inspirer of this struggle was José Martí. In 1892, he created the first revolutionary party. In April 1895, Jose Martí's troops landed in Cuba and launched active military operations. On May 19, Jose died in a battle with the Spaniards. But the struggle continued, covering more and more areas of the country. On September 16, 1895, the rebels proclaimed the creation of the Cuban Republic and its separation from Spain. The war of 1895-1898 was a difficult test for the Cuban people.

Slide no. 18

Slide description:

As a result of the coup d'etat on March 10, 1952, Fulgencio Batista came to power in Cuba and established a military-police dictatorship in the country. The coup caused discontent among progressive-minded youth, the most radical group of which was led by a young lawyer and aspiring politician Fidel Castro Ruz. On July 26, 1953, a group of rebels, counting on the support of the broad masses, led by Fidel Castro, stormed the fortified Moncada barracks in Santiago de Cuba. After a two-hour battle, the rebel detachment was defeated, many revolutionaries were killed, and the rest were put on trial. Although all the defendants received long prison sentences (Fidel Castro was sentenced to 15 years), under public pressure Batista was soon forced to grant amnesty to the rebels.

The first steps of the revolution During the first three months, the situation of the revolutionaries remained critical, but they managed to win the trust of the inhabitants of the region and organize significant military pressure on local military garrisons. In addition to conducting combat operations in rural areas, M-26, with the help of sympathetic elements in the student community and the armed forces, organized several performances in cities, which, however, were of little significance. The rebels were greatly helped by the fact that the Batista government during this period of time was in strained relations with Cuba's main economic partner and military supplier of that time, the United States.

Slide no. 21

Slide description:

In the summer of 1958, the strategic initiative passed to the side of the revolutionaries. By the fall, the provinces of Oriente and Las Villas were almost entirely under the control of the rebels. On January 1, 1959, rebel troops entered Santiago, while in the west, rebels led by Che Guevara captured the city of Santa Clara. Although the situation did not yet seem catastrophic for the regime, on the same day Batista left the island, after which the administration he left virtually ceased to exist. On January 2, rebel troops entered Havana, and on January 6, Fidel Castro solemnly arrived in the capital.

Slide no. 22

Slide description:

The Cuban Revolution, already at its initial stage, completely restored national sovereignty, destroyed the bourgeois state apparatus, eliminated the omnipotence of the US monopolies and the regime of exploitation of the working people of town and countryside. In 1959 - 1960, Cuba carried out the nationalization of industry, transport, banks, trade, as well as measures were taken to eliminate unemployment, transfer housing to workers and improve their working and living conditions.

Slide no. 23

Slide description:

Cuba has achieved enormous, universally recognized successes in the social field. In December 1875, the first congress of the Communist Party of Cuba took place in Havana. On February 24, 1976, the constitution of socialist Cuba came into force. In 1978, the 11th World Festival of Youth and Students was held in Cuba; in 1980, the first Cuban astronaut flew into space. US plans to isolate Cuba have failed. Cuba maintains diplomatic relations with more than 100 countries.

Information for the presentation of Cuba

Cuba is known throughout the world under another romantic name, “Liberty Island,” although this unofficial name is island state has been used only since 1959, when the revolution led by Fidel Castro won on the island. Today Cuba is a developed socialist state with a population of about 12 million people.

Cuba is located on the island of the same name and many other small islands that are part of the Greater Islands. Antilles. Most of the country is the island of Cuba, with an area of ​​approximately 105 thousand square kilometers. The other islands of the Cuban state make up less than 5% of its territory. It should be noted that as a result of the conflict between Spain and the United States, the Americans received the right to own a small piece of land at Guantanamo, where the world-famous military base. Cuba is washed on all sides Caribbean Sea, and its beaches located almost along the entire coast of the country are the best in the world.

All beaches on the Cuban coast are free and owned by the local municipality. Only a few hotels have small sections of the coast assigned to them, where local residents are not allowed.

Cuba has an amazingly warm and mild climate thanks to its geographical location. Cuba is separated from the American state of Florida only by the small Florida Strait, which is 153 km wide. A warm current passes on the surface of the strait, which is part of the Gulf Stream. Warm sea currents passing along the shores of the island, even in winter time ensure the water temperature on Cuban beaches is at least 22 C, and in summer time this figure is 27-29 C. The Cuban climate as a whole is tropical trade wind, which leads to a clear division into 2 seasons: dry and rainy. Rain occurs in Cuba during the period from May to October, dry, sunny weather reigns here from November to April.

Weather in Cuba

Cuba is separated from the Yucatan Peninsula, which is Mexican territory, by a short distance by sea. The island of Cuba is also surrounded by paradises including Jamaica, the Bahamas and Dominican Republic. Cuba is separated from these places by small straits with a width of 70-160 km.

In clear weather, you can see Florida from the coast of Cuba located in the north, because the distance to it is no more than 150 km. The proximity of America haunts illegal immigrants crossing the strait in their homemade boats.

The flight time to Liberty Island is approximately 12 hours. Direct flights from Russia are operated by Aeroflot and Transaero airlines, whose planes land in Havana and northern Varadero resort town Cuba, whose beaches are the best in this part of the world, as recognized by UNESCO. Regular flights to Cuba are made only from two Russian cities, St. Petersburg and Moscow. Many charter flights also ship from capital airports, which is why travelers should take care in advance to find convenient connecting flights.