The owner of the estate was a student in 1812. Estates "Kolomenskoye" and "Studenets". For the little ones

The first written mentions of Kolomenskoye are the spiritual letters of Ivan Kalita, written in the 14th century, in 1336 and 1339. Kolomenskoye is repeatedly mentioned by historical sources; this area has repeatedly become the center of important events. So, after the battle on the Kulikovo field in 1380, Dmitry Donskoy and his troops stayed here. Peter I also brought his troops here after the battle of Poltava in 1709. In addition, it was from Kolomenskoye that many great Moscow princes and their squads went to fight.

In the 17th century, a unique palace of Tsar Alexei I Mikhailovich Romanov, called the “Eighth Wonder of the World”. Built entirely of wood, this palace embodied the best achievements of wooden architecture of that time. Unfortunately, the original palace built by Alexei Mikhailovich has not survived. But, fortunately, Catherine II made drawings of a wooden palace, and now work on its construction is almost completed. A grand opening is planned for Moscow Day in 2010. restored royal palace. The architects plan not only to build royal chambers, but also to recreate the fence, alleys and surround the palace with orchards that were famous in their time.

The son of the first tsar from the Romanov dynasty, Mikhail Fedorovich, Alexei Mikhailovich, having ascended the throne, repeatedly rebuilt and consistently expanded his father’s residence near Moscow, which was associated with the growth of his family. He often visited Kolomenskoye, practiced falconry in its surroundings and held official ceremonies here. The solemn ceremony of laying the foundation of the new palace, which began with a prayer service, took place on May 2-3, 1667. The palace was built from wood according to drawings; the work was carried out by an artel of carpenters under the leadership of the Streltsy head Ivan Mikhailov and the carpenter elder Semyon Petrov. From the winter of 1667 to the spring of 1668, carving work was carried out; in 1668, doors were upholstered and paints were prepared for painting the palace, and in summer season In 1669, the main icon-painting and painting works were completed. In the spring and summer of 1670, blacksmiths, iron carvers and locksmiths were already working in the palace. Having examined the palace, the king ordered the addition of picturesque images, which was done in 1670-1671. The Emperor closely monitored the progress of work, and throughout the construction he often came to Kolomenskoye and stayed there for a day. The final completion of the work occurred in the autumn of 1673. In the winter of 1672/1673, the palace was consecrated by Patriarch Pitirim; At the ceremony, Hieromonk Simeon of Polotsk said “Greetings” to Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich.

Palace of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich

And with the name of Alexei Mikhailovich, who reigned in 1645-1676, and with the palace he built, the fate of the building founded in 1645 is inextricably linked Church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God. In 1649, the temple was expanded by the second chapel of Dmitry of Thessaloniki, which completed the architectural ensemble of the temple. The reason for the expansion was the birth of the Tsar's son, the future heir to the Russian throne. The tsar, who loved the estate, came to Kolomenskoye every summer to rest. And, gradually, the Kazan Church became a house church, in which, traditionally, the treasury and the most valuable royal property, brought to Kolomenskoye during the royal holiday, were kept. After the construction of the Kazan Church was completed, it was painted and richly decorated with all kinds of fabrics and carpets.

The canopy in front of the Dining Chamber consists of two rooms connected by a passage in the wall (“canopy” and “canopy where they enter with food”). It was a kind of pantry from which royal feasts were served. The dignified housekeepers and solicitors were serving here the suppliers of the Nourishing, Feeding and Bread Yards, several for each yard. On these sideboards they placed everything that was later served on the tables: on the supplies of the Sytny Dvor - vessels with wines, beer, honey and kvass; for the supplies of the Bread Yard - rolls, loaves, pies; Before the start of the feast, there were jugs of vinegar and lemon brine on the supplies of the Feed Yard, and during the feast food prepared in the kitchen was brought here. Before the feast, the caterers covered them with golden silk fabrics - veils.

Canopy in front of the Dining Chamber

On May 8, 1681, carpenter Semyon Dementyev, a peasant of the boyar P.V. Sheremetev, began construction of a huge Dining Chamber instead of a dilapidated tumbledown building. The final appearance of this building was then captured in various engravings and paintings. Kolomna Palace fell in love with all subsequent rulers of Russia. In 1682-1696, it was visited by Tsars Peter and Ivan, as well as Princess Sofya Alekseevna. Peter and his mother, Tsarina Natalya Kirillovna, were here much more often than others. Under Peter I, a new foundation was laid under the palace.

The dining chamber is the largest, ceremonial and solemnly decorated room of the palace.

The sovereign's place at dinner was on the platform (locker), where there was a table covered with tablecloths made of embroidered velvet or axamite; a two-step “attack” was placed on the table, upholstered in a colored Persian carpet. Tables were placed next to the benches on which the guests were sitting: “big” (the first place from the corner under the icons), “crooked” (it turned around the corner) and others, according to the number of guests. The tables were always placed so that the sovereign could be seen. In addition to the benches, they also sat on chairs, of which there were many in the ward. Dishes, drinks and food were placed in supplies or buffets.

The Duma Chamber, or the Front Room, served as a reception room in the tsar’s personal chambers. This was one of the most important rooms in palace life: in the mornings, the Duma people gathered in it to petition (submit petitions) to the sovereign and discuss matters. Meetings of the Boyar Duma, an advisory body in the public administration system, could also be held here.

The Throne Chamber carried out royal palaces role of the Throne Room. If in the Duma (Forward) Chamber the sovereign held council with his entourage, then in the Throne Chamber he solemnly, in the presence of the boyars, received foreign ambassadors, dressed in rich attire and surrounded by bells in ceremonial white clothes with silver hatchets and massive gold chains. Here the sovereign gave gifts to those close to him. The “groom attire” of the Throne Chamber was extremely luxurious; it demonstrated to its subjects and foreign ambassadors the greatness and power of the state.

A special feature of the Throne Chamber is the “existential letter” decorating the ceiling and walls based on the stories of the biblical kings David and Solomon. The compositions for the paintings are borrowed from Western engravings and “recto” (illustrated) Bibles. To reconstruct the “existential” paintings of the ceiling ceiling, four scenes from the Old and New Testaments were selected

Room (office) of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. The sovereign spent most of the day in this room. He could admit members of the nearby Boyar Duma here, but first of all the room served as a place of solitude. Here the tsar was engaged in state affairs, wrote letters and notes, and “edited documents with his own hands.” The decoration of these “bed” chambers reflected the personal taste of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, especially in his daily life.

The analogues for the paintings in the room were the works of the outstanding court painter of the French kings, Charles Lebrun, as well as traditional carvings and paintings of Russian iconostases of the 17th century. The stove made of polychrome tiles was reconstructed on the basis of fragments found during archaeological excavations on the territory of the palace in Kolomenskoye.

The internal routine of the royal "bed" chambers (bedchamber) reflected the ancient Russian idea of ​​​​the exceptional position of the king and special concern for his safety. Access to the room was strictly limited. No one could enter here except the courtiers closest to the king. His bed-keeper, the head of the Tsar's Workshop, spent the night in peace with the sovereign (he was in charge of sewing the royal dress and linen and supervising the cleanliness and safety of the "sovereign's bed"). Sometimes the lawyer “with the key” (he kept the key to the room) and one or two sleeping bags spent the night here. In the room adjacent to the bedchamber there were usually six of the closest attorneys and bedchambers; in the next room there are solicitors and housekeepers; finally, the stokers stood guard at the outer doors. Many state issues were resolved in the bedchamber, since the “owner” of the bedchamber, the bedchamber, was one of the sovereign’s especially close advisers, headed his office and kept his personal seal.

In the bedchamber there was a bed with a canopy (“pillar”) and other furniture: benches (including a special sleeping bench for nearby servants), shelves, chests of drawers (chests of drawers) and chests where linen was stored, expensive fans, small toiletries (mirrors, combs, soap, glass bottles with essential oils). In the bedroom they always laid carpets and set a clock. As a rule, there were few icons in the bedchamber, but a worship cross and images in the red corner and above the entrance doors were required.

In the hallway in front of the soap house they not only undressed, but also rested after the bath, so benches with carved edges and a “wash” bed were placed along the wall. In addition to the benches in the entryway in front of the soap shop, there were tables, one of which was intended for “wash cooking” (things that were used during washing: a cap, a sheet, a fan). The soap rooms were illuminated by light from the windows, but the windows were curtained to protect against drafts; In the evening and at night mica lanterns shone here. In the corner there was a stove lined with tiles.

In the center of the soap house there is a large wooden bathtub with a bench and sheets inside; it was in it that the king washed himself.

The teaching chamber in the prince's mansion was intended for teaching the king's sons (the king's daughters were taught in their mansion). The child in the royal family was given his own chambers, where he lived with his nurses and nannies. The royal children led a secluded life, they were isolated from the outside world, peers for games were selected from among the children of the nobles, and the boys, leaving the choir, grew up together with the future sovereign. If the prince later became a ruler, then his childhood environment partially retained influence on him.

The prince's first mentor was a teacher - "uncle", to whom the boy was entrusted from an early age. When the prince reached the age of five or six, his education began. Clerks were chosen as teachers - they were the best in the art of reading and penmanship. Reading was taught using the alphabet or primer. Until the 17th century, alphabets were handwritten; the first printed one, the primer by Vasily Burtsov, appeared in 1634. The alphabet was taught by heart, reading it out loud and chanting. The ABC book was followed by the Book of Hours, then the Psalter, then the Apostle - they were also memorized. Reading was followed by writing. They began to teach him at the age of seven or eight using cursive alphabet on columns, which taught him to write lowercase and capital letters, and after the letters - syllables. The clerks of the Ambassadorial Prikaz were considered the best calligraphers. In addition to reading and writing, they taught church singing

Room of Tsarevich Fyodor Alekseevich

The sovereign's passions in the field of art turned out to be just as diverse. He was an amazingly versatile person: he was fond of music (he introduced partes singing and sheet music, which was new for Russia), composed poetry and church chants, and became famous as an expert in architecture and urban planning. He built a lot, his love for architectural innovation was expressed in the Kolomensky Palace by the creation of a new luxurious Dining Chamber.

The Kolomensky Palace itself, which has absorbed many elements of Western architecture XVII century and filled with curiosities brought from the West, reflected the greedy craving of the Moscow nobility for the European way of life and cultural innovations.

Initially, Kolomenskoye was, first of all, a place for good falconry for the young Tsar. But, over time, by 1676, the estate in Kolomenskoye became a magnificent country residence. For the convenience of visiting the Church of the Kazan Icon of Our Lady, at the order of the Tsar, a covered passage was built connecting it with the palace. Currently, this church is a functioning temple.

The Kolomna Palace had an asymmetrical layout and consisted of independent and different-sized cells, the size and design of which corresponded to the hierarchical traditions of the family way of life. The cages were connected by vestibules and passages. The complex was divided into two halves: the male half, which included the tower of the Tsar and the princes and the front vestibule, and the female half, which consisted of the towers of the queen and the princesses. In total, the palace had 26 towers of different heights - from two to four floors. The main living quarters were rooms on the second floor. In total, there were 270 chambers in the palace, which were illuminated by 3000 windows. When decorating the Kolomna Palace, for the first time in Russian wooden architecture, carved platbands and planking imitating stone were used. The principle of symmetry was actively used in the design of facades and interiors. As a result of large-scale work in Kolomenskoye, a complex complex was created that shocked the imagination of both contemporaries and people of the “enlightened” 18th century. The palace was distinguished by its great decorativeness: the facades were decorated with intricate platbands, multi-colored carved details, figured compositions and had an elegant appearance.

In the 18th century wooden palace was dismantled, and on one of the banks of the Moscow River, near the Church of the Ascension, a palace with four floors was erected. It was in this palace that Catherine II wrote the “Nakaz,” a treatise well-known in jurisprudence. During their invasion, French troops destroyed the palace. But in 1825, Emperor Alexander I built a new palace in the Empire style on this site. Unfortunately, this palace has not survived to this day.

Red (Front) Porch - On the Front Porch, birthday cakes were distributed on the day of the angel of one of the members of the royal family - an obligatory, important part of the state ceremony, demonstrating the unity of the ruler and his subjects.

The Tsarina's treasury was located in the inner chambers and was intended to store ("protect") many personal items needed in the daily life of the Tsarina and brought for her from Moscow - dresses, headwear, bedding. For this purpose, the Tsarina’s treasury had special furniture - chests and cabinets. The riding (court) noblewoman was in charge of the treasury. The treasurer, bed-maids, and movants were subordinate to her; only they could enter the treasury premises. In the room of the Tsarina’s treasury there is a modern copy of the icon “Coming to Christ the Pantocrator,” which depicts John the Baptist and seven saints named after members of the female half of the family of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich.

The front vestibule of the queen's tower

The front vestibule of the queen's tower

Through the Front Porch of the Queen's Mansion, visitors entered the Front Entrance - the first main room. These vestibules led to the Queen's Throne Chamber or to the Rear vestibule, through which one could go to the palace of the Tsar and the princes.

Queen's throne room

The closed lifestyle of the female half of the king’s family and general position Women in the pre-Petrine era did not allow them to see strangers often - in everyday life, the queen was visited only by females, and among men - by close relatives and clergy. The queens' handicrafts and entertainment also took place in a closed circle.

Queen's throne room

Queen's throne room

Queen's throne room

Nevertheless, the queens also arranged audiences: they were visited by people from the Tsarina’s Workshop Chamber, managers and residents of the settlements subordinate to the chamber, the clergy with offerings and requests, as well as other petitioners - queens and princesses often petitioned the king to commute their sentences. Foreign ambassadors, the Moscow and Ecumenical Patriarchs, and foreign persons of royal dignity were invited to ceremonial audiences in the chambers of the Empress, accompanied by the Tsar.

Handicraft occupied an important place in the value system of the Orthodox patriarchal way of Russian life. The higher the family's position in society, the more important it was given. The ability to embroider was a sign of good upbringing for any noble woman, and queens and princesses decorated church utensils with their own hands. A special order was also formed, the Tsaritsyn Workshop Chamber (1656-1701), which was in charge of making clothes for queens, princes and princesses. For "clean" handicrafts in the palace there was a light chamber - a large room in the women's half.

The queen's workshop (svetlitsa)

Princess Sofya Alekseevna (1957-1704) - the third daughter of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich and Tsarina Maria Ilyinichna, like other princesses, was destined for the prison chamber and eternal prayers for the country and the royal family. However, Princess Sophia showed herself to be a “princess of a great mind,” whom panegyrists deservedly compared with Sophia the Wisdom of God. After the death of Tsar Fyodor Alekseevich in 1682, as a result of the struggle between court factions and the Streltsy uprising provoked by the Miloslavsky clan, Ivan and Peter Alekseevich were proclaimed kings, and their elder sister Princess Sophia was proclaimed regent.

Chambers of Princess Sofia Alekseevna

The daughter of Emperor Peter I, Elizabeth, was born in 1709. As children, he and his sister Anna spent a lot of time in the royal “moscow suburbs” (there was even a legend about the birth of Elizabeth in Kolomenskoye). In 1741, the daughter of Peter the Great, relying on the guard, managed to ascend to the throne. Noticeable changes have also occurred in Russian culture.

Elizaveta Petrovna established the Academy of Arts and Moscow University; under her, the first Russian theater was created and the famous Elizabethan Bible was published (the queen was extremely religious). Elizabeth, a recognized beauty of her time, was very pleasant to talk to, witty, cheerful, graceful, danced unusually well, and also loved Russian dances. The life of her court was remembered by contemporaries as an endless series of balls, masquerades and bright fireworks.

Elizabeth Petrovna's chambers

Elizabeth Petrovna's chambers

Elizabeth Petrovna's chambers

Elizabeth Petrovna's chambers

However, the new building is not entirely wooden: all structures are monolithic, reinforced concrete, then covered with logs. The orientation relative to the cardinal points is also broken - the model was rotated 90 degrees around the vertical axis, which completely violated the sacred meaning of the original structure. The total building area is over five thousand square meters, and total area premises - more than seven thousand square meters. The mansions are located on five levels and unite five buildings. Inside the palace, ancient interiors and paintings from the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich have been recreated.

At the beginning of the 20th century, under the leadership of the remarkable Russian architect P.D. Baranovsky, the creation of the first in Russia began wood architecture museum. Architectural monuments made of wood dating back to the 17th-18th centuries began to be brought to Kolomenskoye from all over Russia, most of which were placed in the old Voznesensky Garden. Thus, the Kolomenskoye exposition was replenished with the Holy Gates of the Nikolo-Korelsky Monastery, installed on the shore in 1693 White Sea, the Bratsk Tower, installed in the middle of the 17th century in the area of ​​the Bratsk Hydroelectric Power Station, the memorial house of Peter I, built in Arkhangelsk in 1702.

The first outbuilding of the 18th century, conventionally called the Mead Factory, previously located in the Preobrazhensky Palace, was installed in Kolomenskoye, at the Palace Gate. The house of Peter I housed an exhibition reproducing the interiors of the royal camp and residential chambers of the 18th century.

In April 1990, the restoration of the architectural ensemble was carried out at the Kolomenskoye Museum-Reserve, new exhibitions were created, and the historical area of ​​the royal residence was restored. And by 2008, restoration work on wooden architectural monuments was completed, and today anyone can visit the unfolding under open air museum complex, which included travel tower Nikolo-Korelsky Monastery, towers of the Bratsk and Sumy forts. The latter, by the way, was kept in the museum’s collections for more than eighty years.

Today the complex includes 17 architectural monuments, 12 of which are preserved parts of the architectural ensemble of the estate of the 16th-19th centuries, and four were brought from other regions of Russia. The last few years have become the time for the formation of an architectural and ethnographic complex for Kolomensky. Its territory was enriched with a working forge, a stable, a beekeeper's estate and an apiary, and a water mill.

Preserved in Kolomenskoye and unique natural objects - old park and three apple orchard: Kazansky, Dyakovsky and Voznesensky. And in the 17th century there were six of them, in which not only apple trees grew, but pears, raspberries, currants, and gooseberries.
And to this day, preserved every year apple orchards delight all guests of Kolomenskoye with beautiful pristine apples.

Also within the boundaries of modern Moscow is the Ancient Studenets estate- unique park ensemble XVIII-XIX centuries, built according to the design of the outstanding architect D.I. Gilardi. It is located on the banks of the Moscow River in the Presnensky district of the capital, on the territory of the Krasnaya Presnya park, and the area of ​​the ancient estate occupies 18.3 hectares. Coming now to the territory historical place, which has long been part of modern Moscow, you can see the preserved one - the Octagon garden pavilion, and stroll along the ponds and canals.

It is believed that the estate received so much unusual name in honor of Studenets stream flowing through its entire territory, it was he who laid the foundation for the amazingly beautiful artificial ponds and canals, since the icy waters of the stream allowed the owners Studenets estate maintain water balance in the pond system they created. Several centuries ago, residents of the villages adjacent to the estate, located in this part of Presnya, used the purest spring water for cooking, and the housewife came here with wooden buckets hanging on a rocker.

Other researchers claim that in XVII century only very wealthy residents could buy spring water in barrels, and they associate the name “Studenets” with a deep well dug on the territory of the old estate, the water in which was filled by a deep water vein that fed the stream itself. In old Moscow, only very wealthy people could afford to dig such a deep well, which indicates the high incomes of the first owners of an ancient estate near Moscow.

Founder Studenets estate considered a prince Vladimir Brave, cousin of the hero Dmitry Donskoy, who became famous during the Battle of Kulikovo. At that time, the village of Vypryazhkovo was located in this historical place, the income from which went to the first owners of the aristocratic estate. Later, the old estate became the property of the richest Princes Gagarins, and at the turn of the 17th-18th centuries, a majestic palace was built on the territory of the estate, in which governor M.P. lived. Gagarin. Later, the governor was executed, and his estate came under state control, but Empress Anna Ioannovna subsequently returned the old estate to the heirs of Prince Gagarin. At this time, a luxurious dutch garden, a unique system of ponds and canals was laid, which residents of old Moscow called for many years Gagarin Ponds.

In 1804, the Studenets estate changed its owner, and its new owner became Count Tolstoy. But only Arseniy Zakrevsky- Count Tolstoy’s son-in-law, who inherited the estate after the military events of 1812, managed to give the old noble estate a unique look. Setting up a new estate as your country dacha after the devastating Patriotic War In 1912, when not only Moscow suffered, but all the noble estates adjacent to it, he ordered the construction of a new manor house.

Arseny Zakrevsky turned the old manor park into a unique monument to the Patriotic War of 1812, on his orders, a unique system of artificial canals and ponds filled with clear spring water was built. The resulting islands, rectangular in shape, outlined on all sides by canals, received original names - each of them was named after the Russian military leader, under whose command Arseny Zakrevsky himself fought.

Bronze busts of military leaders were installed in the center of the islands, and a majestic white stone tower, called the Octagon, was built above the spring. At the same time, exquisite bridges made in the Empire style, which was then just entering architectural fashion, were thrown across ponds and canals with clearly defined banks. Irrigation system, like the main part of the buildings Studenets estate, was carried out according to the design of the architect D.I. Gilardi; he also planned the fishery, which was a significant part of the income of the owner of the estate.

During the Soviet years Studenets estate was nationalized, the Society of Gardening Lovers settled on its territory, thanks to which a vocational school was opened here, and many new trees of various species were planted on the territory of the old park. Fortunately, the territory of the ancient estate near Moscow was never built up with unsightly buildings, since back in 1930 the Moscow authorities decided to establish the Krasnaya Presnya park here. Now Muscovites celebrate Maslenitsa on its ancient territory, New Year, City Day, spend the weekend.

But most of the monuments cultural heritage dating back to the middle of the 19th century were lost. Some of the unique canals were filled in, many ancient bridges were demolished, but new bridges were built that were not particularly sophisticated. During the years of Soviet power, busts of military leaders who distinguished themselves in the Patriotic War of 1812 disappeared, and only the surviving Tuscan column on artificial island, however, the inscriptions on it have long been erased, and the winged figure placed at the top has long disappeared.

Old manor house practically destroyed, its restoration began in 2010, but instead of the former masterpiece of architecture, a new one is gradually growing before the eyes of Muscovites modern building, which bears virtually no resemblance to the former majestic palace. Coming now to the territory of a historical place that has long been part of modern Moscow, you can carefully examine the preserved landmark of the Studenets estate- the Octagon garden pavilion, which in the 90s of the last century was moved to a new location in the picturesque Krasnaya Presnya Park.

The pavilion was erected in the form of a small snow-white one-story tower, built in the shape of an octagon, topped with a green domed roof. On the facade of the pavilion you can see four large arched windows, through which the interior of the turret is filled with sunny color. Each of the four entrances on the sides is decorated with small columns, which are decorated with a portico and a canopy on top.

Round pavilion "Octagon"

Of particular interest are front gate, made of heavy cast iron, they are just a copy of a lost cultural heritage monument, the gates were made according to ancient sketches in 1990. Walking around old manor Student, you can admire the majestic Tuscan column or take a photo against its background, and then just relax in the park with unique canals and picturesque ancient bridges, reminiscent of better times noble nest.

Now the basis of the Krasnaya Presnya park is made up of poplar and linden alleys, between which in the first half of the 19th century a unique cascade, consisting of three ponds. And between the majestic trees you can see the remains of a summer theater from the Soviet period, modern children's cafes and various attractions.

Acquainted with attractions of the Studenets estate possible during organized excursion, but everyone can get here on their own. The historical estate is located within Moscow, at the address: Mantulinskaya street 5. From the Moscow metro station “Ulitsa 1905”, you must first go to the Krasnopresnenskaya headband, and then follow the street 1905 all the way to Mantulinskaya street, then turn right. Nearby are also such capital metro stations as “Vystavochnaya” and “Krasnopresnenskaya”, from where you can walk to the old Studenets estate in just 15 minutes. photo www.manhunter.ru

Behind the Presnenskaya Zastava there is one of the not very well-known corners of Moscow, which has a long and also not very well developed history. This is the so-called Studenets dacha, on part of whose territory there is now Krasnopresnensky Park. The complex history of transfers of the estate from hand to hand has not been fully studied, and sometimes it is necessary to rely on undocumented evidence from contemporaries or on equally dubious data from Moscow scholars.

The name comes from the Studenets stream, which flows from ponds located along Krasnogvardeisky Boulevard, and from the Studenets well, famous throughout Moscow for its excellent water.

In the small park, ponds of strictly regular shapes have been preserved - the only ones of their kind in Moscow, as well as an ancient linden alley and the remains of the once rich decorative decoration of the estate that was here: on one of the islands there is a monument-column placed on a cubic pedestal, decorated with swords in scabbards and wreaths on four sides.

It is assumed that in the 14th century. here was the village of Vypryazhkovo, which belonged to the grandson of Ivan Kalita, Prince Vladimir Andreevich of Serpukhov, who received the nickname Brave after the Battle of Kulikovo. After his death, the prince's widow Elena Olgerdovna gave the lands to the church, and they became the property of the Novinsky Monastery.

On the plans of the mid-18th century. and even later these places were called Gagarin Ponds: at the beginning of the century, Prince Matvey Gagarin and his son Alexei were granted lands from the estates of the Novinsky Monastery, where the princes built their country courtyard in the Dutch style, with ponds of strict geometric shapes, connected by a labyrinth of canals.

The noble surname Gagarins came from Rurik and the Starodubsky princes, one of whom had the nickname Gagara. Matvey Petrovich Gagarin enjoyed the trust of Peter: he participated in the trial of Tsarevich Alexei, was appointed governor of Siberia, where he became famous for the absolutely incredible size of bribes, in addition, he reported understated information about the income from very profitable trade with China, which ended up in his pocket, he even managed to hide the jewelry purchased for Catherine. Chief Fiscal Nesterov exposed him, informed the emperor, and Peter decided, as an edification to others, to severely punish Gagarin - the descendant of an ancient family was sentenced to death.

He was hanged in St. Petersburg in July 1721 in front of the College of Justice in the presence of Peter, senior dignitaries and his relatives, and a few years later his accuser also ended his life on the same gallows...

The prince's property was confiscated - in Moscow, Gagarin owned a palace on Tverskaya, a Moscow landmark, as well as a country estate, which under Anna Ioannovna was returned to his son Alexei. Briefly, the history of the transfer of Student from hand to hand, which became known after studying archival materials, can be stated as follows: Student was considered to belong to the Gagarins back in 1790, but then passed as a dowry to the granddaughter of Prince Mikhail Gagarin, Princess Anna, who married a secret Advisor to Count D.M. Matyushkina. Subsequently, Studenets belonged to their daughter Sophia, who was married to Count Yuri Mikhailovich Vielgorsky. In 1816, their son Count Matvey Yuryevich sold Studenets to merchant N.I. Prokofiev, and later the estate passed to Count Fyodor Tolstoy, who transferred the estate as a dowry to his daughter Agrafena, who in 1818 became the wife of the hero of the Patriotic War, General A.A. Zakrevsky.

Usually he is always mentioned in connection with his Moscow governor-generalship, when he, recognized during the reign of Nicholas to “tighten up” Moscow, became notorious due to his, to put it mildly, unauthorized actions. Of course, Zakrevsky is a very controversial figure - we must not forget that he was a brave military general who distinguished himself in numerous battles of the early 19th century. and in the Patriotic War of 1812, as well as a major statesman, who also became the Finnish Governor-General and Minister of the Interior during the reign of Nicholas I. Zakrevsky considered Arakcheev “the most harmful person in Russia”, he was under the supervision of the Third Department, was against unjustified cruelty towards the Decembrists (although he signed the verdict against them), persecuted the liberal intelligentsia in Moscow (for which he was nicknamed Churban Pasha), spoke out against the great peasant reform.

It is possible that after marriage Zakrevsky begins to equip Studenets - then he is rebuilt main house, memorial monuments in memory of the War of 1812 appear in the park, and the ponds are given a strictly regular shape. Researchers suggest that the famous architect D.I. built for Zakrevsky. Gilardi. A one-story wooden house with a mezzanine with a unique observation tower stood on the roof far from the passage; a long alley led to it from the road. On either side of the house there were two small outbuildings. There were several islands on the ponds; there were monuments on them, in particular M.B. Barclay de Tolly, A.P. Ermolov, N.M. Kamensky (Zakrevsky served under his command, and he saved Kamensky from captivity in the Battle of Austerlitz), P.M. Volkonsky; Work on the estate continued for several years: back in 1828 A.Ya. Bulgakov reported in a letter to his brother about his visit to Zakrevsky: “Count Fyodor Andreevich showed me the house; nicely finished, i.e. painted, because there is no furniture yet, except for books in A.A.’s office. (Zakrevsky’s name was Arseny Andreevich, - Author), from where the most beautiful view. It would be nice to have such a house in the capital. It is well located and spacious, everyone admired its cleanliness.”

According to memoirist F.F. Vigel, Studenets gained great popularity among Moscow residents: “The Word Vacation home became obsolete for Muscovites, the word dacha began to replace it. This, it seems, is why Zakrevsky’s dacha, which Trekhgornoye was renamed into, attracted everyone as if by magic. All other walks of life are abandoned and empty. The new owner has really decorated this place well. From the large gate there was a straight, wide and long alley for carriages, with two side narrow ones for pedestrians, to the main house above the river itself. On both sides of these alleys there were three islands, quadrangular, (equal in size, separated from each other by newly dug ditches, then still with clean, running water, and connected wooden bridges. Each of these islands was dedicated to the memory of one of the heroes under whose command Zakrevsky was - Kamensky, Barclay, Volkonsky and others. On each one, in the midst of the density of trees, there was either a temple or a monument to the said warriors. An extraordinary, new kind of correctness, reminiscent of something fruity. The very purity in which all this was contained seemed to be borrowed from the Arakcheevo military settlements.”

You can cite here several more letters from Bulgakov, which vividly depict the Studenets dacha during the time of Zakrevsky. Here is a letter dated July 2, 1826: “I am writing these lines to you from Zakrevsky. They don't let me write; First one, then the other comes in, and Zakrevsky calls into the garden. The evening is incomparable, quiet. This garden is definitely Venice, mis en jardin; on one island there is a glorious monument to Prince Volkonsky with the inscription: Prince P.M. Volkonsky as a sign of my friendship and respect. Oh yes Zakrevsky! There is a monument to Count N.M. Kamensky, but I haven’t seen him yet, I haven’t walked around the whole garden.” Another letter dated July 8, 1829: “It seems that I went early today to the good Zakrevsky, but did not return home early. He arrived at the dacha at 8 o'clock; They said he was resting. I went to wander around the beautiful garden: absolument Venise en jardin, I looked at everything and am glad that after the decoction I walked around a lot... Zakrevsky showed me everything himself, even took me to the forge and the wine cellar! then we went to the garden again, he planted a chestnut tree on Lidin Island in honor of my daughter, dug a hole himself, etc. ... Well, the house, the view, the cleanliness, the location, the taste, the charm!!”

Another letter from July 19, 1829: “I spent the whole day yesterday with Zakrevsky. A man over 30 was having lunch... They drank Lidinka's health (his daughter was three years old at the time. - Author), and played a lot of games. By 7 o'clock new faces began to arrive... We drank tea on Lidin Island, then went to the house, and the ball began... We rode on illuminated boats, went around all the illuminations, had dinner. The time was so good that we walked from home to the outpost. We had a lot of fun, the owner was very nice and cheerful, he looked after everyone.”

It is not known exactly when the estate passed to the next owner, but it happened after Zakrevsky’s resignation from the post of Minister of Internal Affairs in 1831, when he sold it to P.N. Demidov. In September 1832 A.Ya. Bulgakov informs his brother in St. Petersburg: “I heartily congratulate Zakrevsky on the glorious sale. God gave him the treasure. Having spent such an amount as 400 tons, even a rich man like Demidov will want to have a dacha according to his own taste, and not to the taste of another. What Zakrevsky likes, Demidov may not like, for example. Monuments to Kamensky, Volkonsky, Ermolov are gratifying to the heart of the grateful and loving Zakrevsky, and Demidov may destroy them... I am overly glad that Zakrevsky sold this dacha so nicely, which would have cost him even more money.”

Pavel Nikolaevich Demidov (1798–1840), heir to enormous wealth, is known in the history of Russian education for the establishment of the most honorable prizes in Russia, which were called Demidov prizes: from 1831 until his death, he contributed 17 to the Academy of Sciences every year April 20 thousand rubles “for awards for the best essays in various parts in Russia” and 5 thousand rubles for their publication. P.N. Demidov, like many representatives of this famous family, was known for his charity: together with his brother Anatoly (who bought the Principality of San Donato in Italy and was married to the niece of Emperor Napoleon I), he founded the Demidov Charity Home for Workers and the first children's hospital in Russia in St. Petersburg .

The same act of charity, which few people know about now, was a gift to the state at the beginning of 1834 of the Studenets estate. The wife of Emperor Nicholas I, Alexandra Feodorovna, included her in the charitable institutions of the Department of Empress Maria Feodorovna, and the next year she allowed the Society of Gardening Lovers to open a gardening school there “for the purpose of training experienced gardeners,” in which 20 permanent vacancies were assigned for the pupils of the Orphanage, in general the school was supposed to accept “poor pupils of the free classes or boarders from different ranks.” There were two classes in which minors from 12 to 16 years old could enroll and study at school for five years. IN summer time Pupils of the Catherine Institute for Noble Maidens were relaxing at the dacha.

The school of gardening set up extensive flower nurseries (gardener Ernest Immer and his son Alexander did a lot for the school), standard roses more than a sazhen in height were famous, and the collection of Studenetsky dahlias repeatedly received first prizes at exhibitions, peaches and grapes grew in the greenhouses, and there were 15 plum and 60 varieties of pear trees.

The Studenetsk School of Gardening of the Department of the Institutions of Empress Maria Feodorovna, as it was officially called, existed until the Bolshevik revolution and trained many experienced gardeners who worked throughout Russia.

For a long time, at least since the middle of the 18th century, Studenets was known for its festivities, especially on Midsummer’s Day, when people from all over Moscow came here to the Three Mountains. This is what the Moskovskie Vedomosti newspaper reported in June 1757: “...to the famous house of Prince Gagarin located there, it was close to many carriages, but it was hardly possible to disperse at the ponds due to the crowded conditions. Moreover, whatever is noble and rich, beautiful and magnificent in the local imperial capital, everything could be seen here.” A year later, in the same newspaper (it was, however, for many years the only one in Moscow) it was reported that on June 24 “... a great gathering of people was on the Three Mountains, where on this holiday there is usually a walk, and especially for those who are members of the the proximity of this place to the glorious ponds of Prince Gagarin.” Moscow old-timer Elizaveta Petrovna Yankova recalled: “It was exactly the same time when we visited the dacha of Prince Gagarin behind the Trekhgornaya Zastava, what is now called Studenets, and then they called Gagarin Ponds. People also gathered there for a festivities, there were various fun things: they walked on tightropes, performed various tricks, music played, there were singers, they set off fireworks.”

And in the 19th century. this place also attracted visitors. On holidays, Zakrevsky's dacha was open to the public, and various performances were given there. So, on August 19, 1828, “at the beautiful dacha of General Zakrevsky” the launch took place hot air balloon, in which the female aeronaut Mrs. Ilyinskaya “fearlessly rose quite high under a huge balloon on a fragile boat, lit several rockets at her zenith and landed very happily in a meadow near the dacha. There were a lot of curious people,” but because... the pleasure was paid, “not many were curious up close; the rest covered one of the Three Mountains dominating this dacha.”

And at the time when there was a gardening school here, visitors gathered in “Studenets”: in 1855 it was announced that “at the Studenets dacha behind the Trekhgornaya Zastava this 8th of July there will be a big musical evening with a good orchestra... garden will be illuminated with multi-colored lanterns; starts at 6 o'clock. Entrance price to the island is 25 kopecks. silver per person. In a well-decorated and luxuriously furnished gallery you can get a full DINNER TABLE and portion and wines from Bauer's foreign cellar... On Sunday, the 12th, the GIANT AEROSTAT will be launched.”

In the summer, every Sunday in Studenets “there are festivities, music, boat rides along the radiating canals of the garden, and in the evening there are fireworks.” In the garden they showed different panoramas and there was a mysterious tent with a wonderful inscription: “The invisible woman lives here.”

Studenets was famous for its water - the Studenetsky well, over which the Oktogon was erected in 1818 - a small structure with an octagonal plan (hence the name), with four drains for water and four entrances inside. The drawings of this small but monumental structure were signed by the famous architect Domenico Gilardi. In 1973, the Oktogon was moved from the roadway of the street, and it ended up in some dirty backyards, to the left of the entrance to the park.

Studenetskaya water was highly valued in Moscow, it was transported from here when it was impossible to drink Moskvoretskaya water - during a flood, wealthy people always sent water carriers for it, Studenetskaya water was always used by manufacturers of artificial mineral waters, and when the imperial court had a stay in Moscow, water was also taken from Studenets. According to the memoirs of the son of the famous writer M.N. Zagoskin, he loved to come here: “...He traveled solely for the purpose of drinking the cold, famous spring water.”

IN Soviet time the destruction of the former estate continued intensively - in 1931 it was transferred to the Trekhgornaya Manufactory factory, then a “culture and recreation park” was built, for which the Krasnaya Presnya Pioneer House was built along the red line of the street in 1955, designed by the architect A. Rapoport, and Recently, an international trade center, an exhibition complex and other buildings have been erected - utility blocks, sports facilities, breaking into the park itself, the drainage system of which is dying.

Only our own photographs were used - shooting dates 04/21/2011 and 05/25/15

Address: Moscow, Mantulinskaya street, possession 5. metro station “Krasnopresnenskaya”, “Street 1905 Goda”, “Vystavochnaya”
How to get there: From metro station 1905 Street (exit to Krasnopresnenskaya Zastava Square), further along 1905 Street to the intersection with Mantulinskaya Street, to the right. Travel time from the metro is ~ 13-15 minutes.
From Krasnopresnenskaya metro station take bus No. 4 to the Mantulinskaya Street stop. Travel time (not counting waiting for the bus) ~ 8-10 minutes.
From Vystavochnaya metro station (exit to 1st Krasnogvardeisky Proezd) walk along 1st Krasnogvardeisky Proezd towards the Center. Travel time from the metro station is ~ 15 minutes.

According to one version, the name of the estate was given by the stream of the same name, which feeds the water ensemble of the park on the territory of the estate.
The first owner of the estate is considered to be the hero of the Battle of Kulikovo, the cousin of Dmitry Donskoy, Prince Vladimir the Brave.
Later, the estate passed to the family of princes Gagarins, but it gained the greatest fame thanks to another owner - the hero of the Patriotic War of 1812 A. Zakrevsky, later the Minister of Internal Affairs, Adjutant General of Emperor Nicholas I and the Moscow military governor general.
The veteran turned his estate into a monument to the War of 1812. In the estate garden, canals filled with spring water were dug, and each of the rectangular islands formed by them was dedicated to a military leader, under whose command Zakrevsky himself had to fight. On each of these islands he placed busts of his military leaders.
In addition, a white stone octagonal tower called the “Octagon” was built over the spring.
After the revolution of 1917, the territory of the estate went to the Society of Gardening Lovers. And in 1932, when a park was opened here (now the Krasnaya Presnya Park and Park), some of the canals were filled in, and the bridges were changed.
By now, almost all the monuments erected in honor of the War of 1812 have been lost, not counting the Tuscan Column in honor of the victory of 1812 (although there are no inscriptions or a winged figure with a sword left on it) and the white stone pavilion-tower “Octagon” - architect estate of D.I. Gilardi.

Preservation of the estate: front cast-iron gates (recreated in the 1990s), a park with canals, a fountain and bridges (1970), the Oktogon garden pavilion (in the 1980s moved several tens of meters to the west (located on Mantulinskaya street to the left of the entrance), Tuscan column on the island.

Krasnogvardeiskie (Studenetskie) ponds Three Krasnogvardeisky ponds are located in the former floodplain of the Studenets River, enclosed in an underground reservoir.
The Upper and Middle ponds are rectangular; The lower one is irregularly quadrangular. Stretched out in south direction at 75, 165 and 190 m. Width up to 30, 40 and 85 m.
Area 0.2; 0.5 and 1.3 hectares respectively.
The Lower Krasnogvardeisky Pond has earthen banks (a strip 0.5 to 3 m wide), but further from the water there is a low wall made of concrete slabs.
Inflow and drainage of water through pipes. It communicates with the Sredny Krasnogvardeisky Pond.
Used for near-water recreation, coastal walks and recreational fishing (crucian carp, rotan).

1. Map of the area 1859
2. Gate of the Studenets estate on Mantulinskaya (view from the park), 1928. Source - TsIGI Archive.

Nizhny Krasnogvardeisky Pond	Krasnopresnensky Park	Krasnopresnensky Park. Monument to V.I. Lenin. Opened in 1976. Sculptor N.I. Bratsun, architect V.N. Eniosov.
Krasnopresnensky Park. Monument to V.I. Lenin	Mantulinskaya st., 5/1 building 7. Former cinema "Krasnaya Presnya"	Krasnopresnensky Park
Front cast iron gates (recreated in the 1990s).	Garden pavilion "Oktogon".	Estate Studinets. Architect D.I. Gilardi.
	Park with canals.	Krasnopresnensky Park

The park was founded in 1932 on the territory of the garden and park monument architecture XVIII century - the Studenets estate. This is the only example of a park from Peter’s time “in the Dutch manner” preserved in Moscow. It is believed that the name “Studenets” appeared due to a spring well near the road. The water from this well was famous throughout Moscow for its taste and mineral qualities.

The first information about this place dates back to the 14th-15th centuries, when the entire territory on the banks of the Moscow River at the confluence of the Studenets stream was occupied by the village of Vypryazhkov, owned by Prince Vladimir Andreevich Serpukhovsky. In the second quarter of the 15th century, the village passed to the Novinsky monastery, which owned it until the beginning of the 18th century. At this time, the lands were granted to the Siberian governor, Prince Matvey Petrovich Gagarin. He laid the foundation for the estate, planned a park with artificial ponds, and built a wooden palace.

In 1721, Gagarin was convicted and hanged for bribery and embezzlement, and all his property, including his estate, was confiscated. Under Anna Ioannovna, the lands were returned to his son Alexei. Under him, the estate became a place for country celebrations called “Gagarin Ponds”.

Alexei Gagarin's daughter Anna married Privy Councilor Count D.M. Matyushkina and received the estate as a dowry. Her daughter Sofya Matyushkina, in turn, married Count Yu.M. Vielgorsky and also received the estate as a dowry. Her son Matvey Vielgorsky sold the estate in 1816 to the merchant N.I. Prokofiev, from whom it passed to Count Fyodor Tolstoy. His daughter Agrafena Tolstaya married the hero of the Patriotic War of 1812, General Arseny Zakrevsky, and received the estate as a dowry. Zakrevsky is credited with arranging and transforming the estate.

Under him, the manor house was rebuilt (project), a unique system of canals and ponds was created, and a landscape layout of the park with asymmetrically located pavilions was created. Zakrevsky’s main idea was to create here a kind of monument to the Patriotic War of 1812. He filled the park with sculptures of military leaders, erected a monument to the war in the form of a Tuscan column (architect V.P. Stasov, preserved). An octagonal gazebo-fountain “Octagon” (architect D.I. Gilardi) was placed above the well with spring water. At the end of 1973, the gazebo was moved to another location. It has survived with some losses.

In 1831, Zakrevsky sold the estate to P.N. Demidov, who in 1834 donated it to the state with the aim of establishing a school for the Russian Society of Gardening Lovers in it. After the nationalization of the estate in 1918, the Society of Gardening Lovers was located here. Many new plantings appeared on the territory, but at the same time many monuments were lost, bridges were demolished, some canals were filled in, sculptures were destroyed, and the palace was destroyed. In the 1920s crossed the park railway line from Trekhgornaya Zastava.

In 1998, the park's main entrance gates were recreated, but in a new location. In 2010, restoration of the manor house began.

The remains of the summer theater and the monument to V.I. have been preserved from the Soviet period. Lenin (sculptor N.I. Bratsun, architect V.N. Eniosov).

The main plantings in the park are poplar and linden alleys, and there are willows. The area of ​​the park is 16.5 hectares.

The front gate was recreated in 1998

Historical reference:

In the 14th century, here lay the “village of Vypryazhkovo on Studenets,” which belonged to the grandson of Ivan Kalita, the Serpukhov prince Vladimir Andreevich the Brave, hero of the Battle of Kulikovo. His yard was located nearby - on the “Three Mountains”.

"Every centimeter of the huge (16.5 hectares) reserve park breathes history. At the beginning of the 18th century, on the banks of the Studenets stream there was a country palace of the Gagarin princes. The water from Studenets had such healing powers that the owners of the estate built a well from which all those who were suffering could quench their thirst.

Later, already in the 19th century, the new owner of the Studenets estate, Arseny Zakrevsky, adjutant general of Alexander I and hero of the Patriotic War of 1812, reconstructed the territory. The author of innovative ideas was the outstanding architect Domenico Gilardi. The estate made such an impression on its contemporaries that it was deservedly called “absolute Venice in the gardens.”

Then a lot changed. Unfortunately, during the Soviet period the park lost its original charm. Many sculptures and several beautiful gardens disappeared without a trace. But today, constant, careful and painstaking work is being carried out to restore what was lost. This is how the debt of history and Muscovites is returned,” reports the official website of the park http://p-kp.ru/

In fairness, it is necessary to clarify that Student’s troubles began not in the Soviet period, but long before the revolution. Both the estate and the Garden of the Studenets School of Gardening became fairly dilapidated at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries. According to the commission's report, "the buildings were found in extremely unsatisfactory condition. The properties are not fenced, access is open to wandering people. One of the buildings is uninhabited due to its dilapidation." Over the years, the estate suffered from fires and floods. As of 1908, the main house of the estate was destroyed, but the outbuildings were preserved, some of the canals were filled in, and the island was occupied by greenhouses and greenhouses. In 1915, they planned to relocate the horticulture school to the outskirts of the city of Sochi, and adapt the territory of the estate for industrial needs.

These plans were thwarted by the First World War and revolutionary cataclysms. After the revolution, the manor park became a resting place for workers and their families. They began to thoroughly revive the park in the 1930s, eliminating the railway line leading to the Trekhgornaya Manufactory. In 1932, on the site of the Studenets estate and the Studenets Garden of the School of Horticulture, the Krasnaya Presnya Culture and Recreation Park was created with a concert stage, attractions, a children's playground, and a boat dock. Festive festivities ended with fireworks on the water. There is also no need to idealize Stalinist Moscow - in the neighborhood there were vegetable gardens, landfills and vacant lots.

1951: http://www.oldmos.ru/old/photo/view/84424
Portrait of J.V. Stalin from carpet flowers (Park of Culture and Leisure "Krasnaya Presnya" Moscow). Made according to a sketch and under the guidance of decorative artist A. Belyaev. Magazine "Ogonyok" No. 47 November 1951

According to the General Plan for the reconstruction of Moscow in 1935, the territory was included in the huge Krasnopresnensky Park from Kamer-Kollezhsky Val to the Belorusskaya line railway(at the same time, the Vagankovskoye cemetery would be destroyed). As an option, it was planned to create a Hydrotechnical Park in Studenets with canals, locks and other structures. These ideas were buried by a new war - the Great Patriotic War. Railway tracks were again laid to Trekhgorka.

Although park development and reconstruction projects historical estate arose in both the 1960s and 1970s, work on the reconstruction of the main building began only in 2006 and should be completed in the second quarter of 2014. It seems that the builders are not in much of a hurry (it’s not an Olympic facility), and the completion date may be pushed back.

The name of the estate on the banks of the Moscow River comes from the Studenets stream. Before the Mytishchi water pipeline was installed in Moscow, the wells on Three Mountains had the best water supply in the city drinking water, for which rich people sent water carriers even several kilometers away.

Pavilion "Octagon", 1904: http://www.oldmos.ru/old/photo/view/11041

On Mantulinskaya Street, the Octagon well pavilion, built in the 1820s by the famous architect Domenico Gilardi in the Empire style, has been preserved. The pavilion is decorated in the ancient Roman spirit from the time of the first Roman emperor Augustus and is crowned with a small dome. The structure received its name from the Latin word meaning octagon.

There were bronze lion masks on the walls, and natural spring water flowed from the mouths of the predators. Around 1974, the masks were dismantled, and in 1975, due to redevelopment of the territory, the pavilion was moved using winches and can now be seen in the park near the World Trade Center.

In 1955, a new cinema "Krasnaya Presnya" (architect A. Raport) opened on the site of the demolished buildings of the gardening school. According to the Decree of the Moscow Government, in 2001 the building of the cinema, which had become unprofitable, was leased “for educational and entertainment activities” to the International Foundation for the Development of Cinema and Television for Children and Youth (Rolan Bykov Foundation). Now there are no signs on it, the original stucco decorations on the facade and lanterns near the entrance have been preserved, although over time the building itself was for some reason repainted from light yellow to a gloomy brown color.

Reconstructed administrative buildings and cafes

Opposite the entrance to the park there is a monument to Lenin

The Studenets estate is under reconstruction

The banner contains the necessary information about the construction, and on the fence there is a useful text about the history of the Studenets estate (which was used in compiling the text of this story).

Fountain, 1987-1990: http://www.oldmos.ru/old/photo/view/95107

A Tuscan column has been preserved on the island, the pedestal of which is decorated with swords in scabbards and wreaths. But the sculptures of commanders - heroes of the War of 1812 - created according to V. Stasov’s designs have been lost. These monuments were erected in 1820-1830 on the initiative of the then owner of the estate, Count A.A. Zakrevsky. Each of the islands of the park was dedicated to the memory of one of the heroes under whose command Zakrevsky served: Kamensky, Barclay, Volkonsky.

Until recently, the park housed a gallery of Russian ice sculpture with a permanent year-round exhibition. To prevent visitors from freezing in the summer, warm fur coats were given out at the entrance.

Among the numerous cultural events held in the Krasnaya Presnya park, the “Street of History” festival was memorable: Russian warriors from different eras, domino players over a glass of beer, a samizdat dissident and other characters from the ancient and recent past appeared before the townspeople.

There is a dance floor in front of the concert stage, and there are ballet and dance clubs in the park. And you can get acquainted with ethnic foreign dances at the Latinfest festival.