City on the Klyazma River Golden Ring. Golden ring of Russia. How did the term “Golden Ring” come about?

Hello friends! In 2017, the Golden Ring of Russia turned 50 years old. For more than half a century we have been traveling around the most beautiful cities, we admire their architectural monuments and the beauty of nature. Many of you have probably been to at least some of them and can tell you a lot of interesting things. historical facts. We are waiting for them in the comments. We will briefly tell you which cities are included in the Golden Ring of Russia and about tourist routes along it. About who came up with the first route and when the first trip took place. There are many worthy cities in Russia. You can travel around the Ring, or you can travel to individual places - those where your heart draws you.

Interesting moment. First, 8 ancient Russian cities were united into a single route:

Vladimir (Vladimir region)
Suzdal (Vladimir region)
Ivanovo (Ivanovo region)
Kostroma (Kostroma region)
Rostov Veliky (Yaroslavl region)
Pereslavl-Zalessky (Yaroslavl region)
Yaroslavl (Yaroslavl region)
Zagorsk (Sergiev Posad) (Moscow region)

These cities are located on the same loop route. For a long time this association was called the Golden Ring of Russia. Before Perestroika it included Uglich (9th city).

Then confusion began, and we still did not understand which departments it was connected with. Many worthy cities began to be called the city of the Golden Ring. The list has expanded. This is understandable - in Russia there is much more unique places and beautiful ancient cities that are a must see.

Whether such a branded prefix officially appeared for the city or whether travel agencies began to do it themselves, we still don’t understand. But over time the first eight added 4 more:

Uglich;
Ples;
Yuryev-Polsky;
Alexandrov.

Dmitrov;
Bogolyubovo;
Moore;
Kideksha.

The prefix City of the Golden Ring helps cities. Tourists, hotels, shops, souvenirs, excursions, restaurants - everything brings a pretty penny to the budget. The list was expanded for a reason. This is all the territory of ancient Rus', the Vladimir-Suzdal principality. The basis of the future state.

In January 2018, a forum of small towns and villages of cultural and historical significance was held. From the speech of the Minister of Culture, it became clear that there is a “geographical ring” of 8 cities, and there is a tourist brand of the city (more on this later).

Sightseeing buses with tourists began to travel along new routes. However, there are still much more cities with almost a thousand-year history and important historical places.

There are cities in which monuments of ancient Russian architecture, traditions of folk craftsmanship that have survived to this day, jewelry making, painting, birch bark and linen production have been preserved.

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Big Golden Ring by region

Thus, for the convenience of tourists, the first list of 8 cities was called the Small Golden Ring. The second list began to be called the Great Golden Ring.

The list has not been officially approved. Disputes about which cities to include in it continue to this day. It is much easier (for orientation and for drawing up a travel route) to list the cities that claim it by region:

Moscow region

Dmitrov;

Vladimir region

Yuryev-Polsky;
Alexandrov;
Bogolyubovo;
Gorokhovets;
Gus-Khrustalny;
Moore;
Kideksha (4 km from Suzdal)

Yaroslavl region

Uglich;
Rybinsk;
Myshkin;
Tutaev is nearby (36 km from Yaroslavl);

Ivanovo region

Plyos;
Palekh;

Tver region

Kalyazin;

Ryazan region

Kasimov

Historical significance

If we talk about the first 8 cities, then you definitely need to visit them. The “traditional” Golden Ring boasts buildings from the pre-Mongol period. There are very few of them left even on maps and in historical documents, let alone real ones.

Suzdal was the capital of several large principalities;
Rostov was the capital city of the Rostov-Suzdal principality;
Pereslavl-Zalessky is the birthplace of Alexander Nevsky. At that time - the largest of the cities in the region;
Vladimir - for a long time remained the capital of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality.

Who was the first to drive around the Ring?

This dear route appeared only in the 60s. It was organized by journalist Yuri Aleksandrovich Bychkov, an employee of the newspaper “Soviet Culture”. According to the plan, the trip began in Moscow and ended in Suzdal.

The journalist was given the task of talking about Suzdal tourism. Bychkov got into the car and drove off. On the way I saw a sign for Ivanovo. I decided to stop by. This is how the story began. From one city he rode to another, paving a path that would later be repeated by millions of people.

Later, Yuri Alexandrovich was joined by his wife, then a photographer and a couple of volunteer assistants. The route turned out to be both picturesque and interesting. At that time it was not yet a tourist destination, so the company experienced many exciting moments. Pioneers, what can I say.

They had driven halfway through the route, but they no longer wanted to go back the same way. This is how Kostroma and Yaroslavl appeared on the Golden Ring map.

The travelogue was published in 1967. It included photographs, reviews, stories, and tips for tourists. The essay was called “The Golden Ring.”

After 2 years, Bychkov joined the All-Russian Society for the Protection of Historical Monuments. Offered to organize tourist route from the places he studied. I immediately liked the idea, but the road needed to be explored, to think about where else travelers could go, what to show. So first a scientific expedition was created.

But really, what should a tourist pay attention to?

Vladimir: amazing temples from Italian masters, amazing stone carvings here.
The temples of Yuriev-Polsky and Kidekshi were built much earlier than the beginning of the Mongol era. And they are well preserved.
Films about the history of Rus' were created in Suzdal. Find familiar places from scenes from your favorite movies.
The New Year's comedy “Ivan Vasilyevich Changes His Profession” was filmed in Rostov the Great. Do you recognize the colonnade along which the film's characters ran back and forth?

And that's not all!

Cities not included in the main list

There are many beautiful cities in our country that we just want to add to our route. Their historical significance is enormous, and just looking at all this beauty is tempting. Unique places!

Sergiev Posad

The monastery of Sergius of Radonezh is a city within a city. There is a Theological Seminary, a monastery, churches, ancient icons, and sources of holy water. There's a lot to do - it's a trip of several days.

Holy Trinity Sergius Lavra

Rybinsk

An ancient city of the late 11th century. It has important archaeological significance for scientists and historians. But it is not included in the route.

If you are driving along the ring yourself, be sure to check out these cities.

A few words about Pereslavl-Zalessky

Not as legendary as Rostov or Suzdal. It has never been the capital of any principality. Why is he of such interest?

Pereslavl was one of the most major cities Northeast. It was not the capital, but was conceived and built as a capital city. There were buildings from the Golden Horde period here, but they have not survived. Probably due to the fact that the city was destroyed many times and then rebuilt.

From the surviving antiquities:

Rampart;
Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral.

The cathedral was founded by Yuri Dolgoruky. It was completed under Andrei Bogolyubsky. There are also 5 monasteries here, and the earliest buildings are from the 16th century.

Another significant religious site is the Feodorovsky Monastery. It stores unique ancient icons of the 18th century. These are the Vvedenskaya and Kazan icons of the Mother of God.

Throughout the entire period of the reign of the Rurik dynasty, architecture flourished here. Pereslavl was big city, but fate decreed it so - it did not fulfill its purpose, did not become the capital.

The House of Romanov also did not forget about Pereslavl. It was here that Peter I built his famous fleet. The bot "Fortuna", which is called the "grandfather of the Russian fleet", has been preserved.

This city is the closest to Moscow. Only 2.5 hours by bus, and if you have a car - only 1.5 hours.

In addition to major historical attractions, there are several unique museums:

Iron;
Kettle;
Center for Folk Traditions and Crafts;
"Berendey's House"

And also, near Pereslavl there is the village of Gorodishche, which boasts the Blue Stone. During pagan times, people came to bow to the Blue Stone. They tried to put him to sleep many times, but he appeared again, as if by magic.

Now they also come to him, lie on him, make wishes. They say they come true. You just need to really want it, lie down on a stone and ask with all your heart.

Golden Circle Expansion

There are many small towns and villages in Russia of great historical and cultural significance. The Russian government has plans to include these places in the Golden Ring.

Things to remember!

The words “Golden Ring of Russia” have two meanings:

Cities united by a ring route (Yaroslavl and Vladimir regions).
Brand name. Officially it sounds like “A city included in the Golden Ring of Russia.” This means that the city is of cultural and historical value, but it may not be on the ring route.

In our country there is an association of small towns that claim to be the City of the Golden Ring of Russia. Getting on this list is prestigious and very profitable. But this obliges the city authorities to carry out serious restoration work and prepare everything for receiving tourists.

The Russian government allocates subsidies for the needs and development of small towns and villages. Alas, often the money does not reach its destination. We will see if anything changes in this situation.

In January 2018, a forum was held in Kolomna, which was attended by V.V. Putin. The question also arose about Uglich, which before Perestroika was included in the route of the Golden Ring, but then for some reason fell out of this list.

What the President, the Minister of Culture and representatives of cities and towns agreed on:

Uglich now lives with the hope of entering the Golden Ring of Russia. The day before, Minister of Culture Vladimir Medinsky said that the ring would expand - they intend to add one city per year.

We included eight old cities in this list (see the beginning of the article)- from the old Soviet list - and now we will add to it,” Medinsky confirmed. “But we want it to be prestigious, let the cities fight for a high rank.”

Let us remind you once again that there is a tourist route “Golden Ring of Russia”, consisting of 8 cities, to which Uglich will be added (it is included in the ring route).

And more will be added every year new city. It will have the brand “City of the Golden Ring”, but this city does not necessarily have to be included in the “geographical ring”. So Kolomna stands apart from the Golden Ring route, but competes for the title “City of the Golden Ring of Russia”.

In our opinion, Kolomna really deserves the attention of tourists. But won't we get confused by the names? Maybe the ministry will come up with another nomination so that we don’t have a mess in our heads.

The operator helped us understand this confusing issue travel company"Rostislavl" Irina. By the way, the company’s website with their bus tours we liked it. They offer interesting routes and reasonable prices. We have not yet used the services of Rostislavl, but we have made plans to do so. If you have already traveled with this company, write your reviews in the comments - we will be glad.

Do you want to take a ride around the Ring? We want it too. This means we can meet at one of its iconic points. We are waiting for your stories about your trip around the Golden Ring!

If you live in one of these cities and would like to spread the word, we would be very happy to help. Send your story to our mailing address: [email protected]

The term “Golden Ring of Russia” has existed for more than 40 years. It was invented by a certain Soviet writer Yuri Bychkov in 1967 and immediately became a successful tourism brand to attract foreign tourists in the then existing USSR.

In fact, the Golden Ring is a group of cities concentrated in the territory of Central Russia and representing a certain historical and cultural value. United highways, they form a symbolic circle that has become the personification of the cultural heritage of our country. Moreover, many of its cities and their attractions are protected by the Foundation World Heritage UNESCO.

Traditionally, the Golden Ring of Russia includes eight cities - Vladimir, Ivanovo, Kostroma, Pereslavl-Zalessky, Rostov, Sergiev Posad, Suzdal and Yaroslavl. All of them are located on the territory of six regions - Vladimir, Ivanovo, Kostroma, Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod and Yaroslavl. In addition to the main list of cities, there is another, so-called discussion list, which already includes more than 20 settlements. Visiting these places depends on the chosen tourist route and, as a rule, is determined by the organizing company.

The Golden Ring of Russia includes: the city of Alexandrov, the village of Bogolyubovo, the city of Gorokhovets, the city of Gus-Khrustalny, the village. Kideksha, Moscow, Murom, Palekh, Plyos, Rybinsk, Tutaev, Uglich, Yuryev-Polsky, Shuya and a number of other cities, villages and towns. Vladimir is considered the generally recognized capital of the Golden Ring of Russia. Here we will begin a brief overview of the main cities of the Golden Ring of Russia tourist route.

Vladimir - the pearl of the Golden Ring

The pearl of the Golden Ring of Russia and one of the most ancient Russian cities, of course, Vladimir. The city is located 193 km from Moscow on the banks of the Klyazma River. In the 12th century, Vladimir was the capital of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality, but over time it lost its importance and, during the growth of the Moscow state, even acquired the status provincial town. Today Vladimir is a large industrial and cultural center central part of Russia with a population of about 340 thousand inhabitants.

The city amazes with its pristine beauty and architectural monuments that have survived to this day, in particular numerous golden-domed temples and pointed wooden towers. The sights of Vladimir also delight with their diversity and uniqueness.

Among them: the Golden Gate, built in 1164, which at one time formed main entrance to the richest and most noble princely-boyar part of the city; The Assumption Cathedral is a monument of Russian architecture of the 12th century, painted by Andrei Rublev, Orthodox church and at the same time state museum; Dmitrievsky Cathedral, the walls of which are decorated with white stone carvings, with images of people and animals, and much more.

Suzdal

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The most famous tourist route in Russia is called “ Golden Ring” for a reason. The route leads through the oldest Russian cities, where ancient sights have been preserved - cultural monuments, historical places. The term “Golden Ring” appeared more than 30 years ago thanks to essays in the newspaper “Soviet Russia”. The Golden Circle includes eight main cities, which you will learn about in this topic. If you look at the cities on the map, it becomes clear why the tourist route was named that way; the cities are located in a kind of ring to the northeast of Moscow

They say that best way to understand and experience great Russia - to travel along its Golden Ring. The cities of the Golden Ring preserve historical and architectural monuments Ancient Rus'. The Golden Ring includes eight cities - Sergiev Posad, Pereslavl-Zalessky, Rostov Veliky, Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Ivanovo, Suzdal and Vladimir. Later, several more cities were included in the list, but this list has not yet been approved and is controversial. The route along the “Golden Ring of Russia” is suitable for any time of year. Traveling along the Golden Ring gives everyone who is interested in the history, culture and present day of Russia the opportunity to get to know its ancient capital and other cities where the past centuries have left their mark

Golden Ring of Russia and its history is very eventful. Many books are devoted to the history of the Golden Ring, but at the same time, the history is very tragic - due to the indifference and indifference of people, due to active construction, many unique sights, cultural and historical monuments were completely lost. However, most of the monuments have been preserved and are protected by UNESCO and the Russian state

The Golden Ring is famous for its masterpieces of folk art. Museums in many cities contain examples of ancient artistic crafts: wood and bone carvings, products of skilled lacemakers and jewelers, lacquer miniatures and enamel painting, and much more. If you are planning a trip around the Golden Ring of Russia, then you should spend at least two days getting to know each of the cities. The most convenient way to travel along the route is by own car, finding a hotel will not be difficult, but you will not be tied to any excursion routes, which are compiled hastily and do not allow one to experience all the beauty of the Golden Ring.

In the cities of the Golden Ring of Russia, all stages of the development of ancient Russian architecture are represented: majestic white-stone churches of the 12th-13th centuries, tent-roofed buildings of the 16th century, buildings of the 17th century, creations of architectural and painting schools of Rostov, Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Vladimir.

So, more about each of the cities included in the Golden Ring... Let's start with Rostov the Great, since it is one of the oldest cities in Russia. Rostov the Great is the most popular city Golden Ring. The enormous cultural potential of the city has made it one of the great centers of tourist pilgrimage. Rostov is included in a special program of interaction between the Council of Europe and Russia for the preservation of historical and cultural heritage. Rostov's significant past has determined its abundance of historical and cultural monuments. One of the most important monuments is only the landscape of the lake basin and the adjacent territory, rich in archaeological monuments. The sights of Rostov the Great, in particular the buildings of the former Bishop's House of the 17th century, have become classics not only of Russian, but also of world art. - Rostov Kremlin.

The stone and wooden buildings of Rostov from the 18th to 20th centuries are of enormous value. The property of world culture is the Rostov bells - a set of musical works of the 17th-19th centuries, inseparable from an outstanding musical instrument - the famous Rostov belfry. Each of the 13 bells of the belfry, from the largest, weighing 32 tons, to the smallest, sounds special.

The next city in the Golden Ring of Russia is Sergiev Posad. The city is famous primarily for the ensemble of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra monastery, consisting of more than 50 buildings. The earliest building in the monastery is the cross-domed Trinity Cathedral made of white stone, built in 1422 on the site of a wooden church of the same name; one of the few surviving examples of Moscow white stone architecture of the 14th-15th centuries. Around the Trinity Cathedral gradually formed architectural ensemble Laurel. Built by the successor of the founder of the monastery, Nikon, “in honor and praise” of St. Sergius of Radonezh, and founded in the year of the latter’s glorification as a saint. The famous Russian icon painters Andrei Rublev and Daniil Cherny worked on the iconostasis of the cathedral; For this iconostasis, Rublev painted the “Holy Trinity” icon.

All the sights of Sergiev Posad are in one way or another connected with the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius. They either were part of it, or are still part of it. The city is truly unique and attracts tens of thousands of tourists every year

Pereslavl-Zalessky is famous for being one of the first white-stone churches in North-Eastern Rus', which have come down to us almost completely preserved. IN Golden Ring of Russia Pereslavl-Zalessky is included due to its rich historical and cultural heritage. The attractions of Pereslavl-Zalessky include monuments of church architecture: six architectural complexes monasteries and nine churches. In the center of Pereslavl, the city rampart surrounding the historical center of the city has been preserved. Rybnaya Sloboda stretches along the Trubezh River. 2 kilometers northwest of Pereslavl there is an archaeological monument “Kleshchinsky complex”; the center of the complex is the ancient city of Kleshchin, from which the ramparts of the 12th century have been preserved. The object of worship of the pagans has been preserved - the Blue Stone, a large dark blue boulder weighing 4 tons.

Yaroslavl - ancient city Golden Ring of Russia, one of the most beautiful cities Volga region. There are 140 architectural monuments and attractions on the territory of Yaroslavl. The most striking sights of Yaroslavl are the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery, the Church of Elijah the Prophet and the Tolgsky Monastery. Since 2005, Yaroslavl is one of 23 UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Russia according to criteria II - the development of the center of Yaroslavl, which developed in the 17th-18th centuries, is an outstanding example of mutual cultural and architectural influence between Europe and Russia, and IV - a striking example of the urban planning reform of Empress Catherine Great, carried out across Russia between 1763 and 1830.

Kostroma is also part of the Golden Ring of Russia. In the old part of the city, the historical planning structure has been preserved (the master plan of the city was approved by Empress Catherine II in 1781). The basis of the city's layout is a radial grid of streets; the center of Kostroma is open in relation to the Volga. The most significant of Kostroma's monuments is the Ipatiev Monastery, founded in the 1330s. Also interesting in Kostroma are the Epiphany-Anastasinsky Monastery and Trading Rows

Have you ever heard about the city of brides Ivanovo? If you haven’t heard, then you haven’t had a chance to travel along the Golden Ring of Russia. In architectural terms, Ivanovo is known primarily for monuments dating back to the era of constructivism (30s of the XX century): this is a house-ship, a horseshoe house, etc. Built in Ivanovo large number historical and revolutionary monuments that give the city an original flavor. The historical center of the city is interesting, consisting mainly of former merchant houses of the 19th and early 20th centuries. The industrial architecture of the 19th century is also of particular interest. (several textile factories dating back to this period have remained practically intact in the city, but free access there is limited). Other attractions include the Shchudrovskaya tent, which was built in the 17th century, and the complex of St. Vvedensky convent, the main part of which dates back to the beginning of the 20th century. If you are wondering why Ivanovo was nicknamed the city of brides, then this is another story that has nothing to do with the Golden Ring. You can find out about this using the link above.

The famous city of Suzdal is also part of the Golden Ring of Russia. The city of Suzdal is a museum-reserve protected by the state and UNESCO. The oldest part of the city is the core of Suzdal - the Suzdal Kremlin. The Kremlin has preserved earthen ramparts and ditches ancient fortress, several churches and the ensemble of the bishop's court with the ancient Nativity Cathedral. On the spot where the Suzdal Kremlin Museum is now located, once upon a time, in the 12th century, Suzdal began to be built

Vladimir is also included in the approved list of cities of the Golden Ring. In total, there are 239 state-protected buildings of the 18th-19th centuries in Vladimir. Among the attractions of Vladimir are the Vladimir-Suzdal Historical and Art Museum-Reserve - a museum that combines exhibitions and interiors of the Assumption and Demetrius Cathedrals, the "Old Vladimir" museum, a military-historical exhibition in the Golden Gate, the house-museum of the Stoletov merchants, the exhibition "Crystal, lacquer miniature, embroidery" in the Old Believer Trinity Church, etc.

You can find out more about each of the cities of the Golden Ring using the links in the topic. The Golden Ring is the pride of Russia. The entire culture of our ancestors, everything that is ours, is concentrated here. historical heritage. Our task is to understand how important it is to preserve such places for the future, to teach our children a decent attitude towards the history of our homeland.

December 8, 2010 at 6:24:12 pm| Categories: Places , History , Architecture

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Length 686 km, basin area 42.5 thousand km². The average water flow 185 km from the mouth, near the city of Kovrov, is 147 m³/s.

The food is predominantly snowy. It freezes in November and opens in the first half of April.

The river originates within the Moscow Upland, near Solnechnogorsk.

From the source it flows to the southeast, through the territory of the Khimki urban district, and then along the border of the Molzhaninovsky district of Moscow, where near the village of Cherkizovo it turns sharply to the east.

The banks in the upper reaches of the Klyazma are high and the valley is narrow. At the confluence with the Klyazma Reservoir, the width of the river reaches 12 m.

Further it flows through the Klyazminskoye and Pirogovskoye reservoirs. Below the named reservoirs, the flow of the Klyazma is regulated, its width at the Klyazma platform railway Moscow-Yaroslavl - about 20 m. Flows mainly along the Meshcherskaya lowland. Within Meshchera, the right bank of the river is significantly lower than the left.

Below the mouth of the Teza, along the low left bank, the Balakhninskaya lowland begins, on the right - a steep bank (up to 90 meters), belonging to the Gorokhovetsky spur of the Tsninsky shaft. The width in Noginsk is 50 m, in Vladimir - 130 m.

In some places Klyazma has a width exceeding 200 m. The maximum depth is 8 m, the predominant depth is shallow (1-2 m). In some places the river cuts through limestone strata. The bottom is clayey, sandy in places.

On the left bank between Kovrov and the mouth of the Teza there is the Klyazminsky State Nature Reserve (until 1978 there were 2 beaver-muskrat reserves here local significance: Yuzhsky in Ivanovo and Kovrovsky in the Vladimir region).

Tributaries

The largest tributaries: on the left - Ucha, Vorya, Chernogolovka, Sherna, Kirzhach, Peksha, Koloksha, Nerl, Uvod, Teza and Lukh; on the right are Polya, Sudogda and Suvoroshch (all of them, with the exception of Teza, are unnavigable).

Story

People have long settled on the banks of the river and the entire basin. Archaeologists have excavated sites ancient man the Paleolithic era - the famous Sungir, the Mesolithic - for example, near the village of Saurovo near Pavlovsky Posad), many Neolithic (including near the village.

Bolshoye Bunkovo, Noginsk region - sites of the Lyalovo and Fatyanovo cultures), settlements of the Dyakovo culture.

In later times, the shores were inhabited by Finno-Ugric Meshchera, Merya and Muroma (the languages of these tribes gave modern names many tributaries of the river), the first Slavic burial mounds in these places were also found.

The development of the entire northeast of Rus', starting with the Vladimir-Suzdal principality (XII century), is associated with the river and its tributaries.

At this time, the river and its tributaries were used for navigation along its entire length, which made it possible to spread its influence far, and the Klyazma-Skhodnya-Moscow trade route, which was used even before the Slavic settlement, developed an economic basis.

Since the development of crafts (17th century), the river has concentrated many paper, ceramic and especially textile industries, first handicrafts, and later factories.

In 1937, the upper reaches of the Klyazma were cut off by the Moscow Canal, the flow below the reservoirs through the Akulovskaya and Pirogovskaya dams, simultaneously generating electricity, began to be regulated and fed by the waters of the upper Volga and the rivers of the north of the Moscow region.

In 1940, within the framework of the Gulag system, the construction of two hydroelectric power stations (near Vladimir and Kovrov) was planned and mothballed due to the outbreak of war.

In the 70s, the Eastern Shipping Canal project was considered.

River today

On the river there are such major cities, like Dolgoprudny, Shchelkovo, Korolev, Losino-Petrovsky, Noginsk, Pavlovsky Posad, Orekhovo-Zuevo, Sobinka, Vladimir, Kovrov, Vyazniki, Gorokhovets.

The river provides water to both numerous industries and residents large settlements in the middle and lower reaches.

It is navigable for 302 km from the mouth to Vladimir, but in recent years guaranteed depths have not been maintained.

River port in Vyazniki, shipyard in Gorokhovets.

Ecology, fauna, vegetation

Along the entire current from the city of Shchelkovo to the deep tributaries of the Vladimir region. The river waters are unsuitable for eating, swimming and fishing.

The Klyazma is heavily polluted in its upper reaches, but is still quite rich in fish (bream, ide, podust, asp, perch, pike, roach, ruff, burbot, gudgeon, bleak, chub).

Nowadays, catfish and sterlet, for which the river was famous in the 19th century, are almost never found in Klyazma.

Coastal vegetation is represented various types willows and sedges, common grass, reeds, cattails, stinging nettles, forest geraniums, succession of tripartite, aquatic vegetation - duckweed, water lilies, egg capsules, elodea, hornwort, various types of pondweed.

The river is available for kayaking from May to September.

For many years this route has been one of the most attractive not only for foreigners who decide to visit this huge country, but also for Russians who want to get to know the history and culture of their homeland better. Which cities are included in the Golden Ring of Russia? Where did this term come from? What are its main attractions? We will tell you further in order.

How did the term “Golden Ring” come about?

The author of this term 50 years ago was the Soviet journalist Yuri Bychkov. One day he decided to visit those cities of Russia in which, as he considered, the most significant sights of the country, both cultural and historical, were preserved. The journalist’s journey began from Moscow to Zagorsk, which is now called Sergiev Posad, and continued in Pereslavl-Zalessky, then in Rostov the Great, Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Ivanovo and Suzdal. And the last point of the route before returning to Moscow was the city of Vladimir.

Returning home, Bychkov created a series of essays about these places with a rich cultural and historical heritage, published in 1967, to which he gave the name “Golden Ring”. He named his route that way for a reason: if you connect these cities with lines on the map, you will get a solid loop, reminiscent of a ring. Bychkov’s essays attracted the attention of the authorities, who took advantage of the journalist’s experience and laid out a tourist route through the cities described, giving it this apt name. And, I must say, the idea turned out to be very successful: a ticket to the Golden Ring tour in those years was very difficult to get - this circular route turned out to be so popular both among Soviet citizens and among foreign tourists.

So, to summarize: as we have already found out, the Golden Ring of Russia includes the following 8 cities:

This is a classic version of the circular route, the so-called Small Golden Ring of Russia. Small because subsequently, in order to expand tour operator activities and increase tourism income, other cities of the ancient Vladimir-Suzdal principality began to be included in this route, for example, Bogolyubovo, Martynovo, Alexandrov, Uglich, Tver, Myshkin and others. The extended route was called the Great Golden Ring of Russia. Travel agencies offer different routes with a different set of cities, and there are about 20 of them in total. Moreover, the addition of cities continues to this day: in 2016, the idea was approved to include the city of Kaluga in the Great Golden Ring of Russia.

Let's now walk through the cities of the classic Golden Ring of Russia and their main attractions, which everyone should definitely see.

Sergiev Posad

You can get to Sergiev Posad from Moscow in just an hour and a half, and to see the main attractions, one day is enough: the city cannot be called large, its population is just over one hundred thousand people, but in the 15th century it was the cultural and political center State of Moscow.

Here you should definitely look at the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, around which the town itself was subsequently built. It is connected with many historical figures: it was founded by Sergius of Radonezh, Ivan the Terrible was baptized in it, and it also served as a refuge for Peter I, who was hiding in the monastery during the Streletsky revolt.

In addition to the Lavra, it will be interesting to look at Krasnogorskaya Square located opposite it with colorful shopping arcades decorated in the “Russian” style, and also visit the Toy Museum.

Pereslavl-Zalessky

And here is the birthplace of Alexander Nevsky himself and the city where one of the first white-stone churches in Rus' appeared - the Transfiguration Cathedral of the 12th century. And it’s not for nothing that the city’s coat of arms depicts two vendace, because Pereslavl stands on the shore of Lake Pleshcheevo, where this remarkable fish was caught right for the royal table.

A visit to the local Steam Locomotive Museum will also be an interesting experience, and those who want to see a monument to the pagan culture of Rus' should go not far outside the city and visit the Blue Stone, shrouded in ancient secrets and legends.

Rostov Veliky

We have finally reached the most popular destination that Russia's Small Golden Ring can boast of - Rostov the Great, one of the oldest cities in Russia and an important cultural and historical center, on the territory of which there are more than 300 cultural monuments. But, despite the name, this city is very small, with a population of only 30 thousand people.

A must-see is the Rostov Kremlin, which is distinguished by its decorative appearance among other similar buildings in the country. By the way, it was here that some scenes from the popular Soviet film “Ivan Vasilyevich Changes His Profession” were filmed. There are really a lot of monasteries here: among them are Spaso-Yakovlevsky, Abrahamievo-Epiphany and Borisoglebsky, but besides them you can be distracted by the famous museum of Rostov enamel.

Yaroslavl

The ancient city of Yaroslavl, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, features as many as 140 cultural attractions. There really are a lot of churches here! In particular, we suggest taking a look at the Spaso-Preobrazhensky and Tolgsky monasteries - on the territory of the latter you can also look at the beautiful cedar forest, where 193 cedars grow.

The chapel of Our Lady of Kazan and the Church of John the Baptist, founded in the 17th century and also the largest in the city, also attract attention. Here you can also visit the Museum of Music and Time and the Einstein Museum.

Kostroma

Next, the Golden Ring of Russia leads us to Kostroma. It stands on the banks of the Volga, so historically its entire layout was built in relation to the river, representing a radial grid of streets - Catherine II herself decided to make the city resemble a fan. During its existence, Kostroma experienced many events, including two fires - one was set by the Rostov prince Konstantin, the other by the troops of the Mongol-Tatars.

Now the main attraction of the city is the Ipatiev Monastery - a key historical monument, which includes the Trinity Cathedral, the Belfry, the Romanov Chambers, as well as the Bishops' and Fraternal Corps. Don’t forget to look at the monument to Ivan Susanin, the savior of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich.

Ivanovo

If other cities of the Golden Ring of Russia may be unfamiliar to you, then you have probably heard about Ivanovo - in the sense that it is generally called the “city of brides”. This statement dates back to ancient times, when light industry, in particular textile, developed in the city, where mostly women worked, and was aggravated by the Great Patriotic War, when the male population decreased significantly.

But the city itself has other distinctive features and attractions: visit the Vvedensky Monastery, museums of industry and art, as well as the museum of the famous Ivanovo chintz. The Horseshoe House, the Ship House, as well as the Shchudrovskaya Tent - a workshop and one of the oldest stone buildings - will attract attention.

Suzdal

Next we move on to the city of Suzdal with a population of 10 thousand people, standing on the Kamenka River. Archaeological research has shown that it began to be built back in the 10th century - and even now it looks like a real one ancient Russian city, so it will leave an impression of yourself for a long time. Although it is considered provincial, it is not lacking in charm and beauty.

Arriving in Suzdal, you can’t help but look at the Suzdal Kremlin, which is about a thousand years old. And there is no need to even talk about the lack of monasteries here - there are a ton of them here: Pokrovsky, Aleksandrovsky, Vasilievsky, etc. Be sure to walk along shopping arcades to look at such traditional things as a kokoshnik, an embroidered tablecloth and a Russian shirt.

Vladimir

And the cities of the Golden Ring of Russia end with the popular tourist center- Vladimir with a huge cultural heritage- there are more than 200 historical monuments protected by the state. During your trip, we recommend that you definitely take a look at such sights as the Assumption Cathedral with frescoes by Andrei Rublev, Dmitrievsky Cathedral with unique bas-reliefs and decorative carvings, as well as local triumphal arch- the fortress Golden Gate, and the house-museum of the Stoletov merchants.

Find out more about the Great Golden Ring of Russia, its secrets and various interesting facts you can by watching this video: